CONTENTS. Part 1 Principles of Operation. Chapter 1. Basic Concepts 1.3. Chapter 2. Electrochemical Principles and Reactions 2.1
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1 CONTENTS Contributors xv Preface xvii Preface to the First Edition xix Part 1 Principles of Operation Chapter 1. Basic Concepts Components of Cells and Batteries / Operation of a Cell / Theoretical Cell Voltage and Capacity / Classification of Cells and Batteries / 1.9 Chapter 2. Electrochemical Principles and Reactions Introduction / Thermodynamic Background / Electrode Processes / Electrical Double-Layer Capacity and Ionic Adsorption / Mass Transport to the Electrode Surface / Electroanalytical Techniques / 2.19 Chapter 3. Factors Affecting Battery Performance General Characteristics / Factors Affecting Battery Capacity / 3.1 Chapter 4. Battery Standardization General / International Standards / Concepts of Standardization / Size, Shape, and Voltage Designations / Terminals / Service Output-Electrical Performance / Performance-Test Conditions / Markings / Cross-Reference of ANSI and IEC Types / Battery Dimensions / 4.10 vii
2 ... VIII CONTENTS Chapter 5. Battery Design General Remarks / Designing Out Potential Safety Problems / Battery Safeguards when using Discrete Cells / Battery Construction / Design of Rechargeable Batteries / Guidelines / 5.16 Chapter 6. Selection and Application of Batteries Major Considerations in Selecting a Battery / Battery Applications / Comparative Features and Performance Characteristics / Criteria for Battery Selection-Portable Equipment / 6.14 Part 2 Primary Batteries Chapter 7. Introduction General Characteristics and Applications of Primary Batteries / Types and Characteristics of Primary Batteries / Comparison of the Performance Characteristics of Primary Battery Systems / Recharging Primary Batteries / 7.22 Chapter 8. Zinc-Carbon Cells (Leclanché and Zinc Chloride Cell Svstems) 6.1 ' 8.1 General Characteristics / Chemistry / Types of Cells / Construction / Cell Components / Performance Characteristics / Special Designs / Types and Sizes of Available Cells and Batteries / 8.39 Chapter 9. Magnesium and Aluminum Cells General Characteristics / 9.1 Chemistry / 9.2 Military Batteries / 9.11 Other Types of Magnesium Primary Batteries / 9.12 Aluminum Primary Cells / 9.15 Chapter 10. Alkaline-Manganese Dioxide Cells General Characteristics / IO Chemistry / Cell Components and Materials / 10.4
3 CONTENTS ix 10.4 Construction / Performance Characteristics / Battery Types and Sizes / Chapter 11. Mercuric Oxide Cells General Characteristics / Chemistry / Cell Components / Construction / Performance Characteristics of Zinc/Mercuric Oxide Cell / Performance Characteristics of Cadmium/Mercuric Oxide Cell / Cell Types and Sizes / Handling, Use, and Disposal of Mercury Cells / Applications / Chapter 12. Silver Oxide Cells General Characteristics / Chemistry and Components / Button Cell Construction / Performance Characteristics / Cell Sizes and Types / Chapter 13. Zinc/Air Cells General Characteristics / Chemistry / Construction / Performance Characteristics / 13.6 Chapter 14. Lithium Cells General Characteristics / Chemistry / Characteristics of Lithium Primary Batteries / Safety and Handling of Lithium Batteries / Lithium/Oxychloride Cells / Chapter 15. Solid-Electrolyte Cells General Characteristics / The Lithium/Iodine Cells / Other Solid-Electrolyte Cells / Rechargeable Solid-Electrolyte Cells / 15.22
4 X CONTENTS Part 3 Reserve Batteries Chapter 16. Introduction Classification of Reserve Batteries / Characteristics of Reserve Batteries / 16.4 Chapter 17. Magnesium Water-Activated Batteries General Characteristics / Chemistry / Types of Water-Activated Batteries / Construction / Performance Characteristics / Battery Applications / Battery Types and Sizes / Chapter 18. Zinc/Silver Oxide Reserve Batteries General Characteristics / Chemistry / Construction / Performance Characteristics / Cells and Battery Types and Sizes / Special Features and Handling / Cost / Chapter 19. Spin-Dependent Reserve Batteries General Characteristics / Chemistry / Design Considerations / Performance Characteristics / 19.5 Chapter 20. Ammonia Batteries General Characteristics / Chemistry / Construction / Performance Characteristics / Battery Types and Characteristics / Chapter 21. Ambient-Temperature Lithium Anode Reserve Batteries General Characteristics / Chemistry / Construction / Performance Characteristics / Chapter 22. Thermal Batteries General Characteristics / Description of Electrochemical Systems / 22.2
5 CONTENTS xi 22.3 Cell Chemistry / Cell Construction / Cell Stack Designs / Performance Characteristics / Testing and Surveillance / New Developments / Part 4 Secondary Batteries Chapter 23. Introduction General Characteristics and Applications of Secondary Batteries / Types and Characteristics of Secondary Batteries / Comparison of Performance Characteristics for Secondary Battery Systems / Chapter 24. Lead-Acid Batteries General Characteristics / 24.1 Chemistry / 24.6 Constructional Features, Materials, and Manufacturing Methods / SLI (Automotive) Batteries: Construction and Performance / Deep-Cycle and Traction Batteries: Construction and Performance / Stationary Batteries: Construction and Performance / Charging and Charging Equipment / Maintenance, Safety, and Operational Features / Applications and Markets / Chapter 25. Sealed Lead-Acid Batteries General Characteristics / Chemistry / Cell Construction / Performance Characteristics / Charging Characteristics / Safety and Handling / Cell Types and Sizes / Chapter 26. Vented Industrial Nickel-Cadmium Batteries General Characteristics / Chemistry / Construction / Performance Characteristics / Charging Characteristics / Manufacturers and Market Segments / Applications / Chapter 27. Vented Sintered-Plate Nickel-Cadium Batteries General Characteristics / Chemistry / 27.2
6 xii CONTENTS 27.3 Construction / Performance Characteristics / Charging Characteristics / Maintenance Procedures / Reliability / Cell and Battery Designs / Chapter 28. Sealed Nickel-Cadmium Batteries General Characteristics / Chemistry / Cell Construction / Performance Characteristics / Charging Characteristics / Special-Purpose Cells / Chapter 29. Nickel-Zinc Batteries General Characteristics / Chemistry / Cell Components / Construction / Performance Characteristics / Charging Characteristics / Applications / Special Handling / Chapter 30. iron Electrode Batteries General Characteristics / Chemistry / Conventional Nickel-Iron Batteries / New Developments / Chapter 31. Silver Oxide Batteries General Characteristics / Chemistry / Cell Construction and Components / Performance Characteristics / Charging Characteristics / Cell Types and Sizes / Special Features and Handling / Applications / Recent Developments / Chapter 32. Nickel-Hydrogen Batteries General Characteristics / Chemistry / Cell and Electrode-Stack Components / 32.2
7 CONTENTS... XIII 32.6 Applications / Performance Characteristics / Advanced Designs / Chapter 33. Sealed Nickel-Metal Hydride Batteries General Characteristics / 33.1 Chemistry / 33.1 Construction / 33.4 Discharge Characteristics / 33.6 Charging Sealed Nickel-Metal Hydride Batteries / Cycle and Battery Life / Proper Use and Handling / Applications / Cell Types and Manufacturers / Chapter 34. Rechargeable Zinc/Alkaline/Manganese Dioxide Ceils General Characteristics / Chemistry / Construction / Performance / Charge Methods / Types of Cells and Batteries / Part 5 Advanced Battery Systems Chapter 35. introduction Performance Requirements for Advanced Rechargeable Batteries / Types and Characteristics of Advanced Rechargeable Battery Systems / Near-Term Rechargeable Batteries / Advanced Rechargeable Batteries-General Characteristics / Chapter 36. Rechargeable Lithium Batteries (Ambient Temperature) General Characteristics / Chemistry / Characteristics of Lithium Rechargeable Batteries / Characteristics of Specific Rechargeable Lithium Cells and Batteries / Chapter 37. Zinc/Bromine Batteries General Characteristics / Description of the Electrochemical System / Construction / Performance / Tradeoff Considerations / Safety and Hazards / Applications and System Designs / Developments and Projections / 37.13
8 xiv CONTENTS Chapter 38. Metal/Air Batteries General Characteristics / Chemistry / Zinc/Air Batteries / Aluminum/Air Batteries / Magnesium/Air Batteries / Lithium/Air Batteries / Chapter 39. Lithium/iron Sulfide Batteries General Characteristics / Description of Electrochemical System / Construction / Performance Characteristics / Applications and Battery Designs / Chapter 40. Sodium Beta Batteries General Characteristics / Description of Electrochemical Systems / Sodium/Sulfur Technology / Sodium/Sulfur Technology Status / Sodium/Sulfur Design Considerations / Sodium/Metal Chloride Technology / Part 6 Appendices A. Definitions A.1 B. Standard Reduction Potential B.l C. Electrochemical Equivalents of Battery Materials c.1 D. Standard Symbols and Constants D.l E. Conversion Factors E.l F. Major Battery Manufactures F.l G. Bibliography G.l Index follows Appendices
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