Emotional Intelligence: Tips for HPNA Nursing Leaders Hospice and Palliative Nurses Association (HPNA) E-Learning

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1 Emotional Intelligence: Tips for HPNA Nursing Leaders Elizabeth Freitas, MS, RN, OCN, ACHPN Clinical Nurse Specialist, Pain & Palliative Care The Queen s Medical Center Honolulu, HI Elizabeth Freitas has no real or perceived conflicts of interest that relate to this presentation. 1. Compare how emotional intelligence differers form traditional intelligence 2. Describe the components of one Emotional Intelligence (EI) Framework 3. Describe the current literature regarding emotional intelligence and nursing leadership 4. Describe how emotional intelligence is relevant to Hospice and Palliative Care 1

2 Rethinking Thinking Traditional measures of intelligence do pt correlate with Workplace performance Career success Life satisfaction Wellness parameters Intelligence: Traditional view Equals cognition (linear analysis) Ability fixed at birth Not substantively changed throughout life Measurable with short multiple choice tests Exists in opposition to emotions Resulted in multibillion dollar (US) achievement testing industry Issues with traditional view IQ has zero correlation with life success SAT scores: Designed for freshman year only; don t correlate with grades Don t correlate with professional success No correlation with life satisfaction Ethical problems Multiple choice problem 2

3 What is intelligence? Prior to 1900: Intelligence fixed at birth Determined by family Not changeable 1920 Thorndyke: social intelligence 1940 s & 1950 s Weschler: influence of nonintellective factors 1980 Howard Gardner: Multiple intelligences Theory of Multiple Intelligence (Gardner) Interpersonal Visual/ Spatial Intrapersonal Body Intelligence Verbal/ Linguistic Musical Logical/ Mathematical Nontraditional view of intelligence Unique profile of each person at birth (influenced by culture) Intelligence changes over time Can not be measured by short, multiple choice answers Individual profile influences learning Social/emotional abilities are part of intelligence 3

4 1980 s: Emotional Intelligence Models of concept Ability Mixed Trait Psychology Business applications American Express Johnson & Johnson Hundreds of research studies Workforce impact from EI perspective Better attendance* Less work stress* Greater career success* Lower burnout rates* Prosocial behaviors* Positive conflict skills* Mentoring* Job Safety* Workplace wellbeing Workplace morale Better job satisfaction Stronger organizational commitment Methods to measure EI Ability Mayer and Salovey's model of EI, the Mayer-Salovey- Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test (MSCEIT) Mixed The Emotional Competency Inventory (ECI) The Emotional Intelligence Appraisal Trait EQ-i Swinburne University Emotional Intelligence Test (SUEIT) Schutte EI model Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire (TEIQue) 4

5 Emotional Intelligence: Ability Learn Improve Model: Ability to identify emotions in self Ability to identify emotions in others Manage emotions effectively MSCEIT Cognitive Psychology Performance Test Validity and Reliability Hundreds of studies Emotional Intelligence Scores Total EI Score Experiencing Emotions Strategic Use of Emotions Perceiving Emotions Using Emotions To facilitate thinking Understanding emotions Managing Emotions 5

6 What emotion? Emotions Source Response Expression 6

7 Role in Hospice and Palliative Care EI for Nurse Leaders Nurse Manager Development Male vs. Female Nurses Oncology Nursing Rounds Nurse Manager Development Scope and range of accountability increased risk for turnover and role exhaustion EI linked to leadership effectiveness, retention, and physical/emotional wellbeing 7

8 Design and Method Exploratory, quantitative, pre/post design 15 of 31 (48%) Nurse managers: inpatient & outpatient EI score, Self report EI ability and Management abilities, Work-life balance Initial training sessions: EI and peer coaching Weekly one-to-one peer coaching Monthly check-in meetings Results Demographics years old Both genders Wide range of ethnicity 73% masters prepared Career: years Current role: 1-25 years Hours work per week: Work-life Balance 8

9 Results Overall scores decreased Total EI & hours worked/week: - correlated Total EI & satisfaction with work-life balance: + correlated 94% managers physical symptoms Feedback: Continue coaching More structured peer coaching Time limited participation EI: Male vs. Female Nurse Florence Nightingale: nursing extension caring role women and mothers Male Nurses in US 5-7% Are male nurses emotionally intelligent? Design and Method EI scores from three studies 2 Hospital studies & 1 university setting MSCEIT, version 2 Total: 39 males and 213 females Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) 9

10 EI of males vs. female nurses 28 Results No difference! Patterns of sub-scores the same: identifying emotions Hawai i: slightly higher proportion males; higher % of Asians, Pacific Islanders, and Native Hawai ian nurses EI Oncology Nursing Rounds Do the emotional intelligence abilities of nurses change after a 10-month period of emotional intelligence rounds? What are the strengths and weaknesses in nurses demonstrated emotional intelligence abilities? Does nursing documentation of patients emotional issues and planning for emotional care change after participation in EI Check-In rounds? Do nurse satisfaction, turnover, sick leave data, patient satisfaction, and safety data change after the study? 10

11 Design and Method Descriptive, exploratory, feasibility study 24-bed acute care oncology unit staffed by 33 RNs EI Check-In Rounds Lead by 2 co-investigator nurses Over 10-month period 3 min intervention per staff nurse Questions What is going on emotionally with your patients? What is going on with you emotionally? How do you cope with difficult emotions? Difficulty Identifying Emotions 32% of responses reflected emotions 68% of responses categorized as Physical (11%) Judgmental/evaluative (38%) Behavioral (6%) Diagnostic (1%) Related to admission status (12%) What is going on emotionally? Emotions Sad Angry Happy Frustrated Anxious Depressed 11

12 Additional responses... Physical tired, sleepless, in pain, poor pain control Judgmental/evaluative okay, fine, good, bad Behavioral restless, hyper, hyper-verbal, busy Diagnostic OCD, Bipolar Related to admission status going home tomorrow, long LOS Discussion Feasibility: very easy 100% positive feedback from staff Increase in documentation and care plans: emotions Limited responses to EI Tests Role in Hospice and Palliative Care 12

13 References 1. Akerjordet, K, & Severinsson, E. (2004). Emotional intelligence in mental health nurses talking about practice. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing,13(3), Codier, E, Freitas, B, & Muneno, L (2013) Developing emotional intelligence ability in oncology nurses: a clinical rounds approach. Oncology Nursing Forum. 40(1): Codier E, Kamikawa C, & Kooker B. (2011) The impact of emotional intelligence development on nurse managers. Nursing Administration Quarterly, 35(3): Codier, E,, Kooker, B.M., & Shoultz, J. (2008). Measuring the emotional intelligence of clinical staff nurses: An approach for improving the clinical care environment. Nursing Administration Quarterly, 32(1), Codier E, & MacNaughton, N. (2012). Are male nurses emotionally intelligent? Nurse Manager, 43(4): Deshpande, S.and Joseph, J. (2000). Impact of emotional intelligence, ethical climate, and behavior of peers on ethical behavior of nurses. Journal of Business Ethics, 85(3), Mayer, J., Salovey, P., & Caruso, D. (2004). Emotional Intelligence: Theory, Findings, and Implications. Psychological Inquiry, 15(3), Mayer, J.D., Salovey, P. & Caruso, D. (2008). Emotional intelligence new ability or eclectic traits? American Psychologist, 63(6), Mayer, J., Salovey, P., & Caruso, D. (2004) Emotional intelligence: Theory, Findings, and Implications. Psychological Inquiry, 15(3), Rooke, S. (2007) A meta-analytic investigation of the relationship between emotional intelligence and health. Personality and Individual Differences, 42(6): Vitello-Cicciu, J.M. (2003). Emotional intelligence. Nursing Management, 34(10), Thank you! 13