COPYRIGHT NOTICE SINGAPORE YEARBOOK OF MANPOWER STATISTICS, 2006

Transcription

1 Singapore Yearbook of Manpower Statistics, 2006

2 COPYRIGHT NOTICE SINGAPORE YEARBOOK OF MANPOWER STATISTICS, 2006 ISSN Manpower Research and Statistics Department Ministry of Manpower Republic of Singapore All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any material form (including photocopying or storing it in any medium by electronic means and whether or not transiently or incidentally to some other use of this publication) without the prior written permission of the copyright owner except in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright Act (Cap. 63, 1988 Revised Edition). Application for the copyright owner's written permission to reproduce any part of this publication should be addressed to: Director Manpower Research and Statistics Department Ministry of Manpower 18 Havelock Road #06-02 MOM Building Singapore Republic of Singapore Statistical activities conducted by the Manpower Research and Statistics Department are governed by the provisions of the Statistics Act (Chapter 317). The Act guarantees the confidentiality of information collected from individuals and companies. It spells out the legislative authority and responsibility of the Director, Manpower Research and Statistics Department. Extracts of the Act are available in the Department's Internet website at

3 PREFACE The Singapore Yearbook of Manpower Statistics contains a wide range of key statistical information on the labour market. Wherever possible, time-series data from 1995 to 2005 are included. This Yearbook is the 30 th edition published by the Manpower Research and Statistics Department of the Ministry of Manpower. Starting from the 25 th edition, the publication title has been amended to reflect the year of publication instead of the reference year of the latest available data. We hope this Yearbook will meet the needs of users for up-to-date and comprehensive manpower statistics. The contents and presentation of the Yearbook are reviewed regularly. We welcome readers feedback to help us improve the Yearbook. A Feedback Form is enclosed at the end of the publication for readers use. We wish to thank the various government agencies, statutory boards and private organisations for their contributions to this publication. We are also grateful to those who have offered valuable comments and suggestions to improve the Yearbook. TAN LENG LENG (Mrs) Director Manpower Research and Statistics Department Ministry of Manpower June 2006 SINGAPORE YEARBOOK OF MANPOWER STATISTICS, 2006 i

4 CONTENTS Page i v PREFACE LIST OF TABLES 1 LABOUR FORCE 15 WAGES 51 ESTABLISHMENTS, HOURS WORKED AND EMPLOYMENT CONDITIONS 73 LABOUR TURNOVER, RETRENCHMENTS, JOB VACANCIES AND EMPLOYMENT SERVICE 87 LABOUR RELATIONS 103 INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENTS AND DISEASES 115 SOCIAL SECURITY 123 HIGHER EDUCATION AND SKILLS TRAINING 169 KEY ECONOMIC INDICATORS SINGAPORE YEARBOOK OF MANPOWER STATISTICS, 2006 iii

5 LIST OF TABLES Page LABOUR FORCE 3 13 Economically Active Persons Aged 15 Years and Over by 1.1 Age, Activity Status and Sex, June Highest Qualification Attained and Sex, 2000 and Employed Persons Aged 15 Years and Over by 1.3 Industry, Age and Sex, June Occupation, Age and Sex, June Industry and Occupation, June Age-Sex Specific Labour Force Participation Rates, 2000 and Unemployed Residents Aged 15 Years and Over 11 by Sex, Age and Highest Qualification Attained, Resident Unemployment Rates by Sex, Age 12 and Highest Qualification Attained, Annual and Quarterly Unemployment Rates, WAGES Summary of NWC Wage Increase Guidelines Average Monthly Earnings Per Employee by Industry, Average Monthly Earnings Per Employee by Industry and Sex, (Males and Females) 2.4 Mean and Median Monthly Basic and Gross Wages of Selected Occupations, June Total Wage Increase by Industry, SINGAPORE YEARBOOK OF MANPOWER STATISTICS, 2006 v

6 Page 2.6 Basic Wage Increase by Industry, Quantum of Variable Component Paid by Industry, Wage Restructuring Outcome, ESTABLISHMENTS, HOURS WORKED AND EMPLOYMENT CONDITIONS Private Sector Establishments by Industry and Establishment Size, June Average Weekly Paid Hours Worked Per Employee 55 by Industry, (All Employees) 3.3 Average Weekly Overtime Hours Worked Per Employee 56 by Industry, (All Employees) 3.4 Average Weekly Paid Hours Worked Per Employee by Industry and Type of Employment, Average Weekly Standard/Overtime Hours Worked Per Employee by Industry and Type of Employment, Distribution of Establishments by Whether Employees were Compensated for Overtime Work, Distribution of Establishments with Overtime Compensation for Rank and File Employees by Extent of Provision, Distribution of Establishments by Minimum Provision of Paid Annual Leave for Rank and File Employees, Distribution of Establishments by Provision of Paid Outpatient Sick Leave Per Year for Rank and File Employees, Distribution of Establishments by Whether Male Employees were Granted Paid Childcare Leave, Distribution of Establishments by Whether Female Employees were Granted Paid Childcare Leave, 2005 vi SINGAPORE YEARBOOK OF MANPOWER STATISTICS, 2006

7 Page LABOUR TURNOVER, RETRENCHMENTS, JOB VACANCIES AND EMPLOYMENT SERVICE 4.1 Average Monthly Recruitment Rates by Industry 75 and Occupational Group, Average Monthly Resignation Rates by Industry 76 and Occupational Group, Average Monthly Recruitment and Resignation Rates by Industry 77 and Occupational Group, Retrenched Workers by Industry and Occupational Group, Retrenching Establishments by Industry, Number Retrenched Per Thousand Workers by Industry 80 and Occupational Group, Job Vacancy Rates by Industry and Occupational Group, Job Vacancies and Job Vacancy Rate by Industry 82 and Occupational Group, Job Vacancy to Unemployed Person Ratio (Seasonally Adjusted), Job Seekers Attended to at CareerLink Centres by 4.10 Age and Educational Level, Job Seekers Placed in Employment by CareerLink Centres by 4.11 Age and Educational Level, SINGAPORE YEARBOOK OF MANPOWER STATISTICS, 2006 vii

8 Page LABOUR RELATIONS Employers Trade Unions by 5.1 Size of Trade Union, Industry, Membership of Employers Trade Unions by 5.3 Size of Trade Union, Industry, Employees Trade Unions by 5.5 Size of Trade Union, Industry, Membership of Employees Trade Unions by 5.7 Size of Trade Union, Industry, Industrial Stoppages 5.9 Industrial Stoppages, Trade Disputes Referred to the Conciliation Section by 5.10 Nature of Trade Disputes, Industry, viii SINGAPORE YEARBOOK OF MANPOWER STATISTICS, 2006

9 Page Claims Registered with the Individual Disputes Section by 5.12 Nature of Claim, Collective Agreements Certified by 5.13 Type of Workers Covered, Type of Organisations, Trade Disputes Referred to the Industrial Arbitration Court by 5.15 Nature of Trade Disputes, Industrial Arbitration Court Awards by 5.16 Nature of Trade Disputes, Type of Workers Covered, Type of Organisations, INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENTS AND DISEASES Factories Registered under the Factories Act by Industry, Industrial Accident Frequency Rates by Industry, Industrial Accident Severity Rates by Industry, Work Related Fatality Rate (per 100,000 Workers), Industrial Accidents by 6.5 Industry, Type of Accident, SINGAPORE YEARBOOK OF MANPOWER STATISTICS, 2006 ix

10 Page 6.7 Degree of Incapacity in Selected Industries, Part of Body Injured, Agency of Accident and Part of Body Injured, Type of Accident, Confirmed Cases of Occupational Disease by 6.11 Type of Disease, SOCIAL SECURITY Central Provident Fund Contribution Rates, Active Central Provident Fund Members by 7.2 Age, Wage Level, Industry and Sex, HIGHER EDUCATION AND SKILLS TRAINING Graduates from Institutions of Higher Education by Institution and Course, School Leavers who Completed Full time and Traineeship 153 Courses at Institute of Technical Education, Workers who Completed Skills Training Programmes at 154 Institute of Technical Education, Persons who Completed Continuing Academic Education Courses at 155 Institute of Technical Education, x SINGAPORE YEARBOOK OF MANPOWER STATISTICS, 2006

11 Page 8.5 Persons who Passed Public Trade Tests and Examinations at 156 Institute of Technical Education, Persons who Completed Occupational Safety and Health 157 Training Courses at Ministry of Manpower, Workers who Completed Skills Training Programmes at 158 Construction Industry Training Institute, Persons who Completed Courses at Singapore Institute of Management, Persons who Completed Courses at Singapore Human Resources Institute, Persons who Completed Courses at Institute of 163 Systems Science, SDF Value of Assistance and Training Places Committed by Type of Training, Number of Training Places Completed under Skills Redevelopment 166 Programme (SRP), Key National Skills Recognition System (NSRS) Indicators, Number of Workers Trained under The Singapore Workforce Skills 166 Qualifications System (WSQ) Key Indicators of Place and Train (PNT) and Strategic Manpower Conversion 167 Programme (SMCP), Key Indicators of Job Recreation Programme (JRP), Union Leaders who Completed Certificates Programmes at 168 Ong Teng Cheong Institute of Labour Studies, SINGAPORE YEARBOOK OF MANPOWER STATISTICS, 2006 xi

12 Page KEY ECONOMIC INDICATORS Gross Domestic Product by Industry, (At Current Market Prices) 9.2 Gross Domestic Product by Industry, (At 2000 Prices) 9.3 Gross Domestic Product Deflators by Industry, Balance of Payments, Consumer Price Index, Domestic Supply Price Index, Labour Productivity by Industry, Money Supply, Key Manufacturing Indicators, Imports by Continent and Selected Country of Origin, Exports by Continent and Selected Country of Destination, Key Tourism Indicators, Key Transport Indicators, NOTATIONS p na preliminary not available nil or neligible xii SINGAPORE YEARBOOK OF MANPOWER STATISTICS, 2006

13 LABOUR FORCE

14 LABOUR FORCE Source of Data Labour force statistics for reference period June 2005 are compiled from the General Household Survey (GHS) 2005 conducted by the Singapore Department of Statistics of the Ministry of Trade and Industry. To minimise respondent burden, the mid-year Labour Force Survey was not conducted by the Ministry of Manpower in Singapore. To achieve full coverage of the labour force in Singapore, data on residents (also known as locals, i.e. Singapore citizens and permanent residents) from the survey are combined with foreign workforce data compiled from work passes issued by the Ministry of Manpower. Concepts and Definitions For the General Household Survey 2005, information on economic characteristics of the population was collected for a sample of 90,000 dwelling units. All foreigners working or living in Singapore were covered in the sample enumeration. The unemployment data for March, June, September and December are obtained from the quarterly Labour Force Survey, with the exception for June 1995 and 2005 which are from the General Household Survey, and June 2000 from Population Census, conducted by Singapore Department of Statistics. As the Labour Force Survey is on households, it excludes construction workers living at worksites and workers who commute daily from abroad to work in The reference period refers to the full calendar week preceding the date of the survey interview. Employed persons refer to persons aged 15 years and over who worked for pay or profit or for family gains, as well as those who had a job to return to but were temporarily absent during the reference period. Unemployed persons refer to persons aged 15 years and over who did not work but were available for work and were actively looking for a job during the reference period. They include persons who were not working but were taking steps to start their own business or taking up a new job after the reference period. SINGAPORE YEARBOOK OF MANPOWER STATISTICS,

15 Economically active persons or the labour force refers to employed and unemployed persons. The age-sex labour force participation rate is defined as the percentage of economically active persons to the total population in the same age group and sex. The unemployment rate is defined as the percentage of unemployed persons to the total number of economically active persons aged 15 years and over. 2 SINGAPORE YEARBOOK OF MANPOWER STATISTICS, 2006

16 SINGAPORE YEARBOOK OF MANPOWER STATISTICS, ECONOMICALLY ACTIVE PERSONS AGED 15 YEARS AND OVER BY AGE, ACTIVITY STATUS AND SEX, JUNE 2005 In Thousands Total Employed Unemployed Age (Years) Person Male Female Person Male Female Person Male Female TOTAL 2, , , , and Over Note : Data may not add up to the total due to rounding. Source : Singapore Department of Statistics

17 4 1.2 ECONOMICALLY ACTIVE PERSONS AGED 15 YEARS AND OVER BY HIGHEST QUALIFICATION ATTAINED AND SEX, 2000 AND 2005 (As At June) In Thousands Highest Qualification Attained Total Male Female Total Male Female TOTAL 2, , , , Primary and Below Lower Secondary SINGAPORE YEARBOOK OF MANPOWER STATISTICS, 2006 Secondary Upper Secondary Diploma Degree Notes : 1) Data may not add up to the total due to rounding. Source : Singapore Department of Statistics 2) For 2005, Total includes persons with "unknown" Highest Qualification Attained.

18 SINGAPORE YEARBOOK OF MANPOWER STATISTICS, EMPLOYED PERSONS AGED 15 YEARS AND OVER BY INDUSTRY, AGE AND SEX, JUNE 2005 In Thousands Total Industry (SSIC 2005) Person Male Female Person Male Female Person Male Female TOTAL 2, , Manufacturing Construction Wholesale & Retail Trade Hotels & Restaurants Transport & Storage Information & Communications Financial Intermediation Real Estate, Renting & Business Services Community, Social & Personal Services Others Includes Agriculture, Fishing, Mining and Quarrying, Utilities and Activities Not Adequately Defined. Source : Singapore Department of Statistics Notes : 1) Data may not add up to the total due to rounding. 2) Industries are classified according to the Singapore Standard Industrial Classification (SSIC)

19 6 1.3 EMPLOYED PERSONS AGED 15 YEARS AND OVER BY INDUSTRY, AGE AND SEX, JUNE 2005 (continued) Industry (SSIC 2005) In Thousands & Over Person Male Female Person Male Female Person Male Female TOTAL Manufacturing Construction Wholesale & Retail Trade Hotels & Restaurants SINGAPORE YEARBOOK OF MANPOWER STATISTICS, 2006 Transport & Storage Information & Communications Financial Intermediation Real Estate, Renting & Business Services Community, Social & Personal Services Others Includes Agriculture, Fishing, Mining and Quarrying, Utilities and Activities Not Adequately Defined. Source : Singapore Department of Statistics Notes : 1) Data may not add up to the total due to rounding. 2) Industries are classified according to the Singapore Standard Industrial Classification (SSIC) 2005.

20 SINGAPORE YEARBOOK OF MANPOWER STATISTICS, EMPLOYED PERSONS AGED 15 YEARS AND OVER BY OCCUPATION, AGE AND SEX, JUNE 2005 In Thousands Total Occupation Person Male Female Person Male Female Person Male Female TOTAL 2, , Legislators, Senior Officials & Managers Professionals Technicians & Associate Professionals Clerical Workers Service Workers, Shop & Market Sales Workers Production Craftsmen & Related Workers Plant & Machine Operators & Assemblers Cleaners, Labourers & Related Workers Others Includes Agricultural and Fishery Workers and Workers Not Classifiable By Occupation. Source : Singapore Department of Statistics Notes : 1) Data may not add up to the total due to rounding. 2) Occupations are classified according to the Singapore Standard Occupational Classification (SSOC)

21 8 1.4 EMPLOYED PERSONS AGED 15 YEARS AND OVER BY OCCUPATION, AGE AND SEX, JUNE 2005 (continued) In Thousands Occupation & Over Person Male Female Person Male Female Person Male Female TOTAL Legislators, Senior Officials & Managers Professionals Technicians & Associate Professionals Clerical Workers SINGAPORE YEARBOOK OF MANPOWER STATISTICS, 2006 Service Workers, Shop & Market Sales Workers Production Craftsmen & Related Workers Plant & Machine Operators & Assemblers Cleaners, Labourers & Related Workers Others Includes Agricultural and Fishery Workers and Workers Not Classifiable By Occupation. Source : Singapore Department of Statistics Notes : 1) Data may not add up to the total due to rounding. 2) Occupations are classified according to the Singapore Standard Occupational Classification (SSOC) 2005.

22 SINGAPORE YEARBOOK OF MANPOWER STATISTICS, 2006 Industry (SSIC 2005) 1.5 EMPLOYED PERSONS AGED 15 YEARS AND OVER BY INDUSTRY AND OCCUPATION, JUNE 2005 Total Legislators, Senior Officials & Managers Professionals Technicians & Associate Professionals Clerical Workers Service Workers, Shop & Market Sales Workers Production Craftsmen & Related Workers Plant & Machine Operators & Assemblers Cleaners, Labourers & Related Workers In Thousands TOTAL 2, Manufacturing Construction Wholesale & Retail Trade Others 2 Hotels & Restaurants Transport & Storage Information & Communications Financial Intermediation Real Estate, Renting & Business Activities Community, Social & Personal Services Others Includes Agriculture, Fishing, Mining and Quarrying, Utilities and Activities Not Adequately Defined. Source : Singapore Department of Statistics 2 Includes Agricultural and Fishery Workers and Workers Not Classifiable By Occupation. 9 Notes : 1) Data may not add up to the total due to rounding. 2) The Industries and Occupations are classified according to the Singapore Standard Industrial Classification (SSIC) 2005 and Singapore Standard Occupation Classification (SSOC) 2005 respectively

23 10 SINGAPORE YEARBOOK OF MANPOWER STATISTICS, 2006 Age (Years) 1.6 AGE SEX SPECIFIC LABOUR FORCE PARTICIPATION RATES, 2000 AND 2005 (As At June) Total Male Female Total Male Female Persons 15 Years and Over and Over Age Sex Specific Labour Force Participation Rate : Percentage of economically active persons to the total population in the same age group and sex Per Cent Source : Singapore Department of Statistics

24 SINGAPORE YEARBOOK OF MANPOWER STATISTICS, 2006 Characteristics 1.7 UNEMPLOYED RESIDENTS AGED 15 YEARS AND OVER BY SEX, AGE AND HIGHEST QUALIFICATION ATTAINED, (Annual Average) In Thousands TOTAL Sex Males Females Age (Years) & Over Highest Qualification Attained Primary and Below Lower Secondary Secondary Upper Secondary Diploma Degree Notes : 1) The annual average unemployment figures are simple averages of the unemployment figures obtained at quarterly intervals 2) Data may not add up to the total due to rounding. Source : Labour Force Survey, MOM 11

25 RESIDENT UNEMPLOYMENT RATES BY SEX, AGE AND HIGHEST QUALIFICATION ATTAINED, (Annual Average) Per Cent Characteristics TOTAL Sex Males Females SINGAPORE YEARBOOK OF MANPOWER STATISTICS, 2006 Age (Years) & Over Highest Qualification Attained Primary and Below Lower Secondary Secondary Upper Secondary Diploma Degree Note : The annual unemployment rates are simple averages of the unemployment rates Source : Labour Force Survey, MOM obtained at quarterly intervals.

26 SINGAPORE YEARBOOK OF MANPOWER STATISTICS, ANNUAL AND QUARTERLY UNEMPLOYMENT RATES, Per Cent Period Overall (Annual Average) Seasonally Adjusted March June September December Residents (Annual Average) Seasonally Adjusted March June September December Note : 1) The annual unemployment rates are simple averages of the non seasonally adjusted unemployment rates obtained at quarterly intervals. Sources : Labour Force Survey, MOM except for June 1995 and 2005 (General Household Survey) and June 2000(Census of Population), Singapore Department of Statistics

27 WAGES

28 WAGES Source of Data Statistics on the average monthly earnings are compiled based on the payroll of Central Provident Fund (CPF) contributors. Statistics on occupational wages are compiled from the Occupational Wage Survey conducted by the CPF Board on behalf of the Ministry of Manpower. This survey covers the wages of CPF contributors in a sample of private sector establishments each with at least 25 employees. More detailed statistics are published in the Report on Wages in Singapore. Statistics on total wage increase, basic wage increase and variable component are compiled from the Survey on Annual Wage Changes conducted by the Manpower Research and Statistics Department of the Ministry of Manpower. The data pertain to private sector employees on the CPF scheme who have been with the establishment for at least a year. The survey covers a sample of private sector establishments each with at least 10 employees. Guidelines on wage increase are provided annually by the National Wages Council (NWC). The NWC, established in February 1972, is a tripartite body comprising representatives from government, employers and employees. Although its recommendations are not mandatory, they are widely accepted and followed. Statistical Note Occupations captured in Table 2.4 are those with relatively large number of CPF contributors covered in the Occupational Wage Survey. It should be noted that wages are determined by a number of factors including the scope, responsibilities and working conditions of the job; and the productivity, qualifications, skills, experience and innate ability of the workers. The state of the labour market in terms of the demand and supply factors also has a strong influence on the wage paid. Concepts and Definitions Nominal monthly earnings refer to all remuneration received before deduction of the employee s CPF contributions and personal income tax. They include basic SINGAPORE YEARBOOK OF MANPOWER STATISTICS,

29 wage, overtime payments, commissions, allowances and other monetary payments, annual wage supplement (AWS) and variable bonuses but exclude employer s CPF contributions. Monthly basic wage refers to the monthly basic pay before deductions of the employee s CPF contributions and personal income tax. It excludes overtime payments, commissions, bonuses, employer s CPF contributions, allowances (e.g. shift, food, housing and transport), other monetary payments and payment-in-kind. Annual Wage Supplement and variable bonuses. Total wage increase refers to the increase in total wage which is the sum of annual basic wage and variable component. Monthly gross wage refers to all remuneration received by an employee before deductions of the employee s CPF contributions and personal income tax. It includes overtime payments, commissions, allowances (e.g. shift, food, housing and transport) and other regular cash payments; but excludes employer s CPF contributions, bonuses, other lump sum payments and payment-in-kind. Mean wage refers to the sum of wages of all employees in a specified group divided by the group size. Median wage refers to the wage where half of the employees earn below and half earn above that amount. Variable component usually consists of 2 components, namely the 16 SINGAPORE YEARBOOK OF MANPOWER STATISTICS, 2006

30 2.1 SUMMARY OF NWC WAGE INCREASE GUIDELINES Year July 2006 June 2007 Guidelines A SUSTAINABLE WAGE INCREASE FOR COMPETITIVENESS AND EMPLOYABILITY Ensure Wage Increases Are Sustainable The NWC recommends that built-in wage increases should continue to lag behind productivity growth in order to be sustainable and to maintain our cost competitiveness. Companies should make greater use of variable bonuses to reward their workers, taking into consideration the differing wage and productivity performances across different industry sectors and companies. Companies that are performing well should grant higher variable bonuses. Accelerate Wage Flexibility especially in building up the Monthly Variable Component (MVC) The NWC notes that many companies have heeded the call by the Tripartite Taskforce on Wage Restructuring (2004) to reform their wage systems for greater flexibility and stronger competitiveness. However, there is scope for improvement. In particular, the Council notes with concern the slow progress of the introduction of the Monthly Variable Component (MVC). The Council would like to emphasise the importance for companies to build up the MVC, so that they can respond quickly to changing economic conditions by adjusting wage costs. The current CPF contribution rates offer little room to cut CPF rates in future economic downturns. This makes it all the more important for companies to introduce and build up the MVC in their wage structure. It would also be easier for companies to introduce the MVC in an improving labour market, than to wait till the next downturn. Specifically, the NWC recommends that: a. Companies should continue to implement wage restructuring and adopt the three key recommendations 1, to put in place a more flexible and performance-based wage system. b. Companies which are granting built-in wage increases should use the increases to build up the MVC. Those which have yet to introduce the MVC are strongly urged to do so immediately. 1 The Tripartite Taskforce on Wage Restructuring made three key recommendations: (i) introduce the Monthly Variable Component (MVC) in the wage structure and work towards a wage structure of 70% basic wage, 10% MVC and 20% Annual Variable Component (AVC); (ii) narrow the maximum-minimum salary ratio for employees to an average of 1.5 or less; and (iii) implement variable bonus linked to Key Performance Indicators (KPIs). Data on wage restructuring pertain to private sector establishments each employing at least 25 workers. SINGAPORE YEARBOOK OF MANPOWER STATISTICS,

31 2.1 SUMMARY OF NWC WAGE INCREASE GUIDELINES Year Guidelines c. Companies should formulate and apply appropriate Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) in consultation with unions/workers, to link variable bonus payments closely to corporate performance. There should be regular sharing of information on corporate performance and KPIs with unions/workers. Companies should also develop performance management systems to better assess and reward workers individual performance. Enhance Employability of Older Workers The NWC strongly supports the recommendations released on 26 January 2006 by the Tripartite Committee on Employability of Older Workers to enhance older workers employability and raise the effective retirement age. The Council urges companies to implement these recommendations and put in place wage systems and employment arrangements that facilitate the employment of older workers and re-employment of retired workers. In particular, the NWC strongly urges companies to adopt the following measures, as recommended by the Committee: a. Accelerate wage restructuring and move away from senioritybased wages. b. Embark on job-based, competency-based and/or performance-based wage systems 2, as recommended by the Tripartite Committee. Wages would then better reflect the value of the job and the contributions of the worker to the company throughout his tenure. Doing so will enhance the cost competitiveness of older workers and improve their employability. c. Hire mature and older workers and retain them beyond the retirement age of 62. Step Up Efforts To Help Low Wage Workers The NWC fully supports the recommendations released in January 2006 by the Ministerial Committee on Low Wage Workers to help low wage workers and their families. It urges companies to actively work with NTUC, SNEF and WDA to achieve the target of re-creating and redesigning 10,000 jobs in 2006 to raise workers productivity and earning capacity. 2 Job-based wage system focuses on responsibilities of the job while competency-based wage system focuses on the ability of the individual worker to do the job. A performance-based wage system looks at how well the worker performs on the job. 18 SINGAPORE YEARBOOK OF MANPOWER STATISTICS, 2006

32 2.1 SUMMARY OF NWC WAGE INCREASE GUIDELINES Year Guidelines Since last year, an increasing number of companies granting wage increases have heeded the NWC s call to give higher wage increases to low wage workers. This is a good start, but more needs to be done. The NWC therefore urges companies that are granting wage increases to give higher increases for low wage workers. This could be done by specifying a higher percentage increase and/or by including a dollar quantum for built-in wage increases. They could also apply the same principle for the payment of variable bonuses. Step Up Skills Training and Upgrading The NWC urges companies to step up their training and skills upgrading of workers, in particular older workers, low wage workers and contract workers. Companies should work closely with NTUC, SNEF and WDA to supportthe participation of their low wage and older workers in training programmes that will enhance their employability. In this regard, WDA would continue to support NTUC s Skills Redevelopment Programme with the Employability Skills and Workforce Skills Qualifications systems. SINGAPORE YEARBOOK OF MANPOWER STATISTICS,

33 AVERAGE MONTHLY EARNINGS PER EMPLOYEE BY INDUSTRY, Industry Dollars TOTAL 2,219 2,347 2,480 2,740 2,813 3,063 3,134 3,158 3,213 3,329 3,444 Manufacturing 2,157 2,320 2,487 2,716 2,803 3,036 3,117 3,154 3,265 3,350 3,495 Construction 1,941 1,971 1,991 2,143 2,226 2,333 2,330 2,384 2,411 2,453 2,513 Services 2,261 2,387 2,518 2,800 2,865 3,130 3,202 3,220 3,260 3,389 3,498 Wholesale and Retail Trade 2,080 2,203 2,319 2,539 2,561 2,721 2,752 2,780 2,831 2,890 3,016 Hotels and Restaurants 1,233 1,271 1,303 1,320 1,291 1,332 1,339 1,312 1,283 1,298 1,333 Transport, Storage and Communications 2,261 2,425 2,581 2,802 2,836 3,105 3,283 3,166 3,297 3,439 3,610 Financial Services 3,079 3,270 3,522 4,399 4,528 4,931 5,131 5,307 5,393 5,639 5,949 Business and Real Estate Services 2,485 2,596 2,731 3,004 3,056 3,281 3,332 3,357 3,352 3,389 3,477 Community, Social and Personal Services 2,369 2,472 2,576 2,811 2,955 3,336 3,340 3,384 3,409 3,668 3,686 Percentage Change Over Corresponding Period Of Previous Year SINGAPORE YEARBOOK OF MANPOWER STATISTICS, 2006 TOTAL Manufacturing Construction Services Wholesale and Retail Trade Hotels and Restaurants Transport, Storage and Communications Financial Services Business and Real Estate Services Community, Social and Personal Services Notes : 1) Monthly earnings refer to all remuneration received before deduction of the Source : Central Provident Fund Board employee's CPF contributions and personal income tax. They include basic wage, overtime payments, commissions, allowances and other monetary payments, annual wage supplement (AWS) and variable bonuses but exclude employer's CPF contributions 2) Data pertain to all full-time and part-time employees who contribute to the CPF. All identifiable self-employed persons who had made voluntary contributions are excluded 3) Data from 1998 onwards are not comparable with the previous years. Prior to 1998, CPF Board caters 4-digit field for monthly wage data (maximum of $9,999) in their database. In 1998, the field size was expanded to 5-digit (maximum of $99,999)

34 SINGAPORE YEARBOOK OF MANPOWER STATISTICS, 2006 Industry 2.3 AVERAGE MONTHLY EARNINGS PER EMPLOYEE BY INDUSTRY AND SEX, (MALES AND FEMALES) Dollars TOTAL 2,517 2,646 2,781 3,141 3,222 3,518 3,606 3,632 3,698 3,825 3,962 Manufacturing 2,644 2,815 3,000 3,311 3,384 3,653 3,752 3,762 3,881 3,969 4,111 Construction 2,043 2,087 2,126 2,317 2,414 2,550 2,563 2,624 2,656 2,687 2,759 Services 2,521 2,651 2,783 3,190 3,269 3,591 3,679 3,702 3,754 3,901 4,040 Wholesale and Retail Trade 2,360 2,488 2,607 2,921 2,942 3,145 3,193 3,247 3,323 3,396 3,558 Hotels and Restaurants 1,396 1,441 1,485 1,518 1,479 1,519 1,527 1,497 1,461 1,458 1,498 Transport, Storage and Communications 2,416 2,585 2,750 3,003 3,037 3,339 3,522 3,389 3,532 3,684 3,904 Financial Services 3,951 4,120 4,337 5,957 6,121 6,557 6,731 6,988 7,077 7,387 7,776 Business and Real Estate Services 2,787 2,892 3,022 3,395 3,445 3,723 3,782 3,805 3,792 3,834 3,914 Community, Social and Personal Services 2,628 2,736 2,834 3,243 3,450 3,956 3,966 4,015 4,035 4,347 4,395 Males Females TOTAL 1,850 1,979 2,114 2,256 2,327 2,530 2,588 2,617 2,662 2,773 2,865 Manufacturing 1,541 1,674 1,811 1,916 2,007 2,181 2,226 2,283 2,374 2,442 2,563 Construction 1,603 1,612 1,609 1,681 1,749 1,800 1,780 1,823 1,852 1,915 1,950 Services 1,966 2,092 2,228 2,380 2,438 2,650 2,710 2,727 2,760 2,879 2,965 Wholesale and Retail Trade 1,722 1,844 1,959 2,064 2,101 2,224 2,245 2,256 2,292 2,343 2,439 Hotels and Restaurants 1,067 1,102 1,132 1,137 1,121 1,163 1,169 1,149 1,131 1,160 1,190 Transport, Storage and Communications 1,943 2,098 2,241 2,400 2,443 2,663 2,840 2,753 2,867 3,004 3,102 Financial Services 2,572 2,775 3,043 3,476 3,579 3,925 4,116 4,239 4,316 4,511 4,769 Business and Real Estate Services 2,137 2,261 2,409 2,574 2,628 2,807 2,854 2,872 2,874 2,907 2,998 Community, Social and Personal Services 2,130 2,233 2,344 2,434 2,532 2,816 2,813 2,863 2,897 3,123 3, Notes : 1) Monthly earnings refer to all remuneration received before deduction of the Source : Central Provident Fund Board employee's CPF contributions and personal income tax. They include basic wage, overtime payments, commissions, allowances and other monetary payments, annual wage supplement (AWS) and variable bonuses but exclude employer's CPF contributions 2) Data pertain to all full-time and part-time employees who contribute to the CPF. All identifiable self-employed persons who had made voluntary contributions are excluded 3) Data from 1998 onwards are not comparable with the previous years. Prior to 1998, CPF Board caters 4-digit field for monthly wage data (maximum of $9,999) in their database. In 1998, the field size was expanded to 5-digit (maximum of $99,999)

35 22 SINGAPORE YEARBOOK OF MANPOWER STATISTICS, 2006 SSOC MEAN AND MEDIAN MONTHLY BASIC AND GROSS WAGES OF SELECTED OCCUPATIONS, JUNE 2005 Occupation 1 MANAGERS 29,760 6,926 5,500 7,337 5, Administration manager 652 4,845 4,330 5,002 4, Advertising and public relations manager 171 5,403 4,500 5,599 4, Budgeting and financial accounting manager 2,094 6,288 5,518 6,513 5, Building and construction project manager 831 4,335 4,000 4,551 4, Business development manager 810 6,409 5,550 6,873 5, Company director 3,062 9,942 9,000 10,559 9, Corporate planning manager 94 5,924 5,368 6,141 5, Creative director (Advertising) 28 4,907 4,245 5,000 4, Customer service manager 858 4,702 4,007 4,936 4, Engineering manager 707 6,224 5,990 6,420 6, General manager 2,579 11,502 10,000 12,377 10, Hotel services manager 100 3,226 3,000 3,514 3, Industrial relations manager 28 7,083 6,498 7,677 6, Karaoke pub manager (including disco and nightclubs) 17 2,420 2,169 2,735 2, Legal service manager 69 7,419 6,250 7,682 6, Lodging services manager 222 3,009 2,600 3,113 2, Logistics manager 251 5,576 4,900 5,819 5, Managing director ,907 12,000 15,962 12,723 Note : Data pertain to full time employees in private sector establishments each with at least 25 workers who contribute to CPF. Number Covered Basic Wage ($) Mean Median Gross Wage ($) Mean Median Source : Occupational Wage Survey, MOM

36 SINGAPORE YEARBOOK OF MANPOWER STATISTICS, SSOC MEAN AND MEDIAN MONTHLY BASIC AND GROSS WAGES OF SELECTED OCCUPATIONS, JUNE 2005 (continued) Occupation Number Covered Basic Wage ($) Gross Wage ($) Manufacturing plant and production manager 2,215 5,802 5,572 6,153 5, Marketing manager 1,124 6,190 5,141 6,405 5, Operations manager (Commerce) 399 6,248 5,238 6,584 5, Operations manager (Community) 549 4,184 4,029 4,559 4, Operations manager (Finance) 3,261 7,179 5,820 7,727 5, Personnel / human resource manager 602 6,318 5,400 6,575 5, Premises maintenance manager 258 5,004 4,707 5,196 4, Procurement manager 376 5,541 4,897 5,736 5, Property / estate manager 190 4,249 3,603 4,349 3, Quality assurance manager 330 5,636 5,167 5,905 5, Research and development manager 151 6,519 5,594 6,730 5, Restaurant and other catering services manager 674 2,474 2,318 2,575 2, Risk management manager 96 8,696 7,075 9,434 7, Sales manager 2,756 5,264 4,526 5,904 4, Shipping manager 206 4,982 4,213 5,165 4, Shop sales manager 464 3,167 2,973 3,481 3, Technical manager 564 5,825 5,189 6,113 5, Training manager 167 6,046 5,500 6,329 5, Transport operations manager 871 4,906 4,500 5,280 4,703 Mean Median Mean Median Source : Occupational Wage Survey, MOM

37 24 SINGAPORE YEARBOOK OF MANPOWER STATISTICS, 2006 SSOC MEAN AND MEDIAN MONTHLY BASIC AND GROSS WAGES OF SELECTED OCCUPATIONS, JUNE 2005 (continued) Occupation Number Covered Basic Wage ($) Warehousing manager 131 3,869 3,605 4,030 3,805 2 PROFESSIONALS 28,563 4,063 3,504 4,394 3, Accountant 1,304 3,844 3,700 3,901 3, Advertising account executive 42 2,221 2,000 2,233 2, Advertising copywriter 15 4,260 4,400 4,287 4, Advocate and solicitor 266 5,675 5,000 5,756 5, Aeronautical engineer 549 3,492 3,064 4,582 4, Air-conditioning and refrigeration engineer 60 2,917 2,800 3,587 3, Application programmer 723 3,220 2,756 3,361 2, Audio and video equipment engineer 97 2,958 2,860 3,274 3, Auditor (accounting) 674 2,987 2,500 3,040 2, Automation engineer 17 3,080 2,850 3,397 3, Automotive engineer 93 3,121 2,722 3,503 3, Biochemist 14 3,618 3,376 3,632 3, Biologist 158 2,482 2,434 2,550 2, Biomedical engineer 52 4,477 4,116 4,606 4, Book editor 29 2,712 2,540 2,713 2, Building architect 168 4,278 4,000 4,472 4, Building construction engineer 172 3,368 3,000 3,611 3,200 Mean Median Gross Wage ($) Mean Median Source : Occupational Wage Survey, MOM

38 SINGAPORE YEARBOOK OF MANPOWER STATISTICS, SSOC MEAN AND MEDIAN MONTHLY BASIC AND GROSS WAGES OF SELECTED OCCUPATIONS, JUNE 2005 (continued) Occupation Number Covered Basic Wage ($) Business analyst 308 5,627 4,984 5,715 5, Business management consultant 66 6,737 5,904 6,963 6, Cad cam engineer 131 4,196 3,630 4,449 3, Chemical engineer 124 3,691 3,155 4,170 3, Chemical engineer (petrochemicals) 47 4,431 3,971 4,928 4, Chemical engineer (petroleum) 53 5,476 5,175 5,560 5, Chemist 258 4,242 3,203 4,562 3, Civil engineer 553 3,698 3,320 3,898 3, Computer and information systems manager 1,381 6,724 6,200 6,974 6, Computer engineer 746 3,473 3,246 3,620 3, Computer operations and network manager 170 6,721 5,800 7,165 6, Credit analyst 122 4,816 3,729 4,993 3, Database administrator 137 4,938 4,290 5,020 4, Dentist 101 4,637 3,407 5,329 3, Director (stage, film, television and radio) 25 4,552 4,230 4,568 4, Editor (newspapers and periodicals) 74 5,177 5,350 5,211 5, Editor (radio, television and video) 15 4,851 4,150 5,021 4, Electrical engineer 570 3,753 3,398 3,998 3, Electronics engineer 1,696 3,765 3,580 3,908 3,704 Mean Median Gross Wage ($) Mean Median Source : Occupational Wage Survey, MOM

39 26 SINGAPORE YEARBOOK OF MANPOWER STATISTICS, 2006 SSOC MEAN AND MEDIAN MONTHLY BASIC AND GROSS WAGES OF SELECTED OCCUPATIONS, JUNE 2005 (continued) Occupation Number Covered Basic Wage ($) Financial analyst 331 5,922 4,505 8,759 6, Food and drink technologist 42 3,379 3,322 3,430 3, General physician 62 8,634 7,952 11,518 10, Geophysicist 57 4,691 4,225 4,704 4, Horticulturist 13 2,441 2,180 2,497 2, Hydrographic surveyor 17 5,581 6,000 7,467 8, Industrial health, safety and environment engineer 61 4,815 4,234 5,222 4, Industrial machinery and tools engineer 410 3,271 3,144 3,712 3, Information technology quality assurance specialist 13 3,813 3,777 4,223 4, Information technology security specialist 61 3,975 3,400 4,241 3, Instrumentation engineer 98 4,836 3,977 5,305 4, Journalist 81 3,566 2,830 3,570 2, Land surveyor 28 3,671 3,268 4,018 3, Lawyer (except advocate and solicitor) 34 5,504 3,167 5,641 3, Legal officer 122 8,392 6,995 8,799 7, Librarian 18 2,903 2,765 2,991 2, Lift engineer 131 3,156 3,060 3,448 3, Manufacturing engineer 1,416 3,644 3,278 4,010 3, Marine engineer 137 3,306 2,900 3,652 3,190 Mean Median Gross Wage ($) Mean Median Source : Occupational Wage Survey, MOM

40 SINGAPORE YEARBOOK OF MANPOWER STATISTICS, SSOC MEAN AND MEDIAN MONTHLY BASIC AND GROSS WAGES OF SELECTED OCCUPATIONS, JUNE 2005 (continued) Occupation Number Covered Basic Wage ($) Gross Wage ($) Market research analyst 68 4,559 4,029 4,673 4, Materials engineer 21 4,253 3,999 4,289 3, Mechanical engineer 1,389 3,634 3,285 4,066 3, Multi-media programmer 10 2,576 2,320 2,603 2, Naval architect 12 3,977 3,600 4,056 3, Network and computer systems administrator 655 3,279 2,981 3,453 3, Network systems and data communication analyst 267 3,719 3,325 3,959 3, Petroleum and natural gas engineer 21 3,545 3,209 4,772 4, Pharmacist 116 3,217 2,960 3,678 3, Pharmacologist 20 6,024 4,992 6,127 5, Power generation and distribution engineer 164 4,428 3,818 4,629 3, Producer (stage, film, television and radio) 90 3,770 3,000 3,821 3, Production engineer 490 3,923 3,555 4,176 3, Psychologist 14 3,291 2,581 3,291 2, QC engineer 542 3,482 3,039 3,712 3, Quantity surveyor 382 3,164 3,000 3,235 3, Semi-conductor engineer 2,375 3,878 3,616 4,505 4, Sewerage and sanitary engineer 11 3,675 3,848 3,832 4, Software engineer 917 3,601 3,400 3,692 3,493 Mean Median Mean Median Source : Occupational Wage Survey, MOM