Hydraulic Displacement Amplification System for Energy Dissipation
|
|
- Marjory Goodwin
- 7 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Hydraulic Displacement Amplification System for Energy Dissipation Tracy S.K. Chung and Eddie S.S. Lam ABSTRACT An energy dissipation system with displacement amplification is presented. Displacement amplification is achieved through a hydraulic system. Energy is dissipated by combining the characteristics of hydraulic cylinders and viscous fluid dampers. A 1/3 scale prototype was constructed, and performance of the hydraulic displacement amplification system was tested experimentally. The hydraulic system has provided significant contribution to the energy dissipation and has improved the performance of viscous fluid dampers. However, the displacement amplification achieved by the system is far from satisfactory. Further studies are in progress to improve the efficiency of the amplification system. An application of the displacement amplification system was demonstrated numerically by carrying out nonlinear time-history analysis on a reinforced concrete frame Introduction It is in recent years that Hong Kong has been recognized as a region of moderate seismic risk (Lee et al, 1996). Buildings are traditionally designed without seismic provisions. Therefore, there is a need to retrofit the existing buildings to cater for possible seismic attacks. In considering the remoteness of the seismic risk, the use of passive dampers is both viable and economical. Buildings in Hong Kong are mostly reinforcement concrete structures. As compared with the steel structures, reinforced concrete structures are relatively stiff, exhibiting comparatively smaller deformation. This may adversely affect the performance of passive dampers. It is the objective of this study to use the passive dampers in typical local beam-column joints. In doing so, there is in need of a mechanism to amplify the joint deformation for better energy absorption. There exist numerous applications on the use of damping devices to improve the performance of structures under earthquake or other forms of vibration (Hanson and Soong, 2001). In particular, viscous fluid dampers have been successfully used to improve the structural response to earthquakes (Constantinou, 1994). The energy dissipated by the viscous fluid damper depends on the physical properties of its fluid and the fluid velocity or piston s velocity. However, it may not be feasible to improve the performance of a viscous fluid damper by varying the physical properties of its fluid. It is because low compressibility fluids often bear some undesirable characteristics such as toxic, flammable, having less than favorable temperature characteristics or longevity, and relatively expensive (Berton, 2004). Therefore, optimizing the piston s velocity is a common means to control the characteristics of a viscous fluid damper. Tracy S. K. Chung, Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong Eddie S.S. Lam, Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
2 Conventional displacement amplification systems such as the toggle bracings, for instance see Berton (2004) and Hanson and Soong (2001), are invasive and are not appropriate in situations constrained by the limited space. To enhance the seismic resistance of a beam-column joint, it is desirable to have the damping devices installed next to the joint and with minimal effect to the occupants. In considering all the above-mentioned constraints, a damping system with displacement amplification capability is introduced in this study. It comprises a large bore size hydraulic cylinder and two small bore size hydraulic cylinders (the amplifying system) each connected to a viscous fluid damper. 2. Hydraulic Displacement Amplification System The hydraulic displacement amplification system consists of a large bore size hydraulic cylinder (Unit 1) and two small bore size hydraulic cylinders (Unit 2). As shown in Figure 1, Unit 1 is attached to a beam and a column via pinned connections and in the vicinity of a beam-column joint. Deformation of the beam-column joint is transmitted through Unit 1 to Unit 2. Figure 1. Installation of the hydraulic displacement amplification system. Figure 2 shows details of the hydraulic displacement amplification system. The prototype as shown in the figure is in 1/3 scale. The hydraulic cylinders are connected by high pressure hoses and the hydraulic oil used in this study is Shell TELLUS 37. The two viscous fluid dampers are model AC-2540 manufactured by AirTAC. Each damper comprises a helical spring and a viscous fluid damper. Bore sizes of the large and small hydraulic cylinders are 40 mm and 20 mm respectively. The deformation perceived by the large bore size hydraulic cylinder is amplified due to the difference in the bore sizes between the large and small bore size hydraulic cylinders. Considering the ratio of the cross-sectional areas between the two bore sizes, the displacement amplification factor is approximately equal to 3.
3 Figure 3 shows the connection details between the hydraulic cylinders. The cylinders are connected in such a way that the two small bore size hydraulic cylinders are in opposite motion. Figure 2. Hydraulic amplification system. Figure 3. Connections of hydraulic cylinders. Figure 4. Lever arm type displacement amplification system.
4 As an alternative to the hydraulic amplification system, a lever arm system can also be used to amplify the displacement as shown in Figure 4. Full details of this system will be reported elsewhere. 3. Test Setup The hydraulic cylinders and viscous fluid dampers were tested using a MTS universal machine, as shown in Figure 5. Fixing Part A was attached to the lower grip of the universal machine. Fixing Part, B, was connected to a load cell and remained stationary. Similarly, properties of the hydraulic displacement amplification system were estimated by fixing the large bore size hydraulic cylinder to the universal machine and with all the high pressure hoses duly connected to the small bore size hydraulic cylinders. Figure 5. Test setup and the sinusoidal displacement. Loading histories were applied in the form of sinusoidal displacements and in the range of ±2mm to ±4mm for the large bore size hydraulic cylinder and ±4mm to ±12mm for the small bore
5 size hydraulic cylinders and the viscous fluid dampers. A range of frequencies, from 0.5Hz to 1.4Hz, was considered. In particular, the frequencies at 1.3Hz and 1.4Hz are close to the natural frequencies of a reinforced concrete frame to be examined later in this study. 4. Experimental Results Figure 6 shows the hysteresis loops of the hydraulic cylinders, viscous fluid damper and the hydraulic displacement amplification system at 1.4Hz. The hysteresis loops were produced by taking the average of 20 complete cycles of the sinusoidal displacements. As shown in the hysteretic responses, damping characteristics of the hydraulic cylinders are effectively similar to a friction damper, and are able to dissipate energy. Frictional forces of the large bore size and small bore size hydraulic cylinders are 0.2kN and 0.1kN respectively. Figure 6. Plots of the hysteresis loops at 1.4 Hz. Hysteretic responses of the viscous fluid damper are non-symmetrical with respect to the positive and negative motions. This is due to the presence of a spring in the viscous fluid damper. In the tests, the viscous fluid damper was pre-compressed at the zero displacement.
6 Hysteretic behavior of the hydraulic displacement amplification system is similar to a viscous fluid damper, but is distorted due to the presence of springs in the viscous fluid dampers. Figure 7 shows variations of the averaged energy dissipated against the displacement amplitude of the hydraulic cylinders, viscous fluid damper and the hydraulic displacement amplification system (identified as combined in the figures) at 1.3Hz and 1.4Hz. The energy dissipated per cycle is estimated by integrating the enclosed area of the respective hysteresis loop (Hanson and Soong, 2001). The plots in the Figure 7 are obtained by taking the average of the energies dissipated from 20 complete cycles. The energies dissipated from the hydraulic cylinders are virtually linearly proportional to the displacement amplitude, whereas the energy dissipated from the viscous fluid dampers is nonlinear. Unfortunately, the energy dissipated by the viscous fluid dampers is comparative small and immaterial to the combined system. Therefore, the energy dissipation capability of the combined system is dominant by the characteristics of the large and small bore size hydraulic cylinders. Figure 7. Variations of averaged energy dissipated against displacement amplitude. The energy dissipated by the hydraulic displacement amplification system was less than the sum of the energies dissipated by the respective components. For instance, when a 4mm displacement was applied, the corresponding displacement of the small bore size hydraulic cylinder was only amplified by a factor of 1.7. Further studies are in progress to improve the efficiency of the hydraulic amplification system.
7 5. Numerical application Figure 8 shows a two-story reinforced concrete frame. It is consisted of 400mm by 550mm beams and 400mm by 400mm columns. The frame was designed to BS8110 (1985) without any seismic provisions, and represented a strong beam weak column structure. C30 concrete was assumed with f cu =30MPa, and yield strength of the reinforcements was 460MPa. The reinforced concrete frame was at 5m centre-to-centre, or a 5m loading width. It was subjected to a 6.8kPa dead load and 2.5kPa imposed load. Numerical model was constructed using the analysis programme SAP2000. Time history analyses were conducted using a Holliste-1 earthquake record. Holliste-1 was used because its dominant frequency is close to the 1 st mode of vibration of the reinforced concrete frame. Pursuant to GN , maximum acceleration for strong and frequent earthquake attacks are 0.316g and 0.056g respectively, and were adopted in the time history analyses. In this application, hydraulic displacement amplification systems were installed at all the beam-column joints as shown Figure 8, and were approximately modeled by viscous fluid dampers with C=83kN/m. Two displacement amplification factors of 10 and 30 were considered. Figure 8. A reinforced concrete frame. Table 1 and 2 summarize results obtained from the analyses. Values obtained from the tables are based on 1.2, 0.6 and 1.3 partial factors of safety for the dead load, imposed load and seismic load respectively. In the tables, three conditions were considered. Condition 1 is without any damping device. Conditions 2 and 3 are in the presence of the hydraulic displacement amplification systems, and with the displacement amplification equals to 10 and 30 respectively.
8 Table 1. Summary of the numerical analyses for the 400mm by 550mm beam. Case Condition Shear Moment (kn) (knm) Member Capacity Strong Earthquake Frequent Earthquake Table 2. Summary of the numerical analyses for the 400mm by 400mm column. Case Condition Shear (kn) Axial (kn) Moment (knm) Reinforcement (mm 2 ) Member Capacity Steel Area (8T20) = 2513 mm Not Achievable Strong Earthquake Not Achievable Frequent Earthquake Significant reduction in the design forces is achieved when the displacement amplification factor is equal to 30, and acceptable design forces are obtained when the factor is equal to 10. To provide a 30 times displacement amplification, it is estimated that the bore size ratio between the large and small bore size hydraulic cylinders is approximately Conclusions An energy dissipation system with displacement amplification is proposed. A prototype in 1/3 scale was constructed and tested by subjecting to cycles of sinusoidal displacements. Experimental studies have indicated that the hydraulic displacement amplification system can provide significant contribution to dissipate energy and can improve the performance of the viscous fluid damper. However, the displacement amplification achieved by the system is far from satisfactory. Further studies are in progress to improve the efficiency of the amplification system. Time-history analyses were carried out on a two-story reinforced concrete frame design to non-seismic requirements when subjected to strong and frequent earthquake attacks. Significant reduction in the design forces is achieved when the displacement amplification factor is equal to 30. By optimizing the displacement amplification factor, it is possible to reduce the member forces to acceptable level.
9 7. Acknowledgement The authors are grateful to the financial supports from the Research Grants Council of Hong Kong (RGC No: PolyU BQ-576). 8. References BS8110 (1985), Part 1. Code of practice for design and construction, BS 8110: Part 1 Part 3, Structural Use of Concrete, National Standard, British Standard Institution. Berton, S., 2004, Displacement Amplification Method and Apparatus for Passive Energy Dissipation in Seismic Applications, U.S. Pat. No. 6,672,573 B2, 6-Jan Constantinou, M., 1994, Application of Fluid Viscous Dampers to Earthquake Resistant Design, presented at Research Accomplishments, , September 1994, pp Buffalo: National Center for Earthquake Engineering Research. GN , Code for Seismic Design of Buildings, National Standard, Beijing, China. Hanson, R.D. and T.T. Soong, 2001, Seismic Design with Supplemental Energy Dissipation Devices, CRC Press. Lee, C.F. et al, 1996, Seismic hazard Analysis of the Hong Kong Region, presented at GEO Report No. 65, Civil Engineering Services Department, Hong Kong Government. Ribakov, Y, J. Gluck and N. Gluck, 2000, Practical Design of MDOF Structures with Supplemental Viscous Dampers Using Mechanical Levers, 8 th ASCE Specialty Conference on Probabilistic Mechanics and Structural Reliability.
Methods for Seismic Retrofitting of Structures
Methods for Seismic Retrofitting of Structures Retrofitting of existing structures with insufficient seismic resistance accounts for a major portion of the total cost of hazard mitigation. Thus, it is
More informationSEISMIC DESIGN OF MULTI-STORY BUILDINGS WITH METALLIC STRUCTURAL FUSES. R. Vargas 1 and M. Bruneau 2 ABSTRACT
Proceedings of the 8 th U.S. National Conference on Earthquake Engineering April 18-22, 26, San Francisco, California, USA Paper No. 28 SEISMIC DESIGN OF MULTI-STORY BUILDINGS WITH METALLIC STRUCTURAL
More informationMiss S. S. Nibhorkar 1 1 M. E (Structure) Scholar,
Volume, Special Issue, ICSTSD Behaviour of Steel Bracing as a Global Retrofitting Technique Miss S. S. Nibhorkar M. E (Structure) Scholar, Civil Engineering Department, G. H. Raisoni College of Engineering
More informationSEISMIC RETROFITTING OF STRUCTURES
SEISMIC RETROFITTING OF STRUCTURES RANJITH DISSANAYAKE DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, FACULTY OF ENGINEERING, UNIVERSITY OF PERADENIYA, SRI LANKA ABSTRACT Many existing reinforced concrete structures in present
More informationDEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATIONS OF TUNED/HYBRID MASS DAMPERS USING MULTI-STAGE RUBBER BEARINGS FOR VIBRATION CONTROL OF STRUCTURES
13 th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering Vancouver, B.C., Canada August 1-6, 2004 Paper No. 2243 DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATIONS OF TUNED/HYBRID MASS DAMPERS USING MULTI-STAGE RUBBER BEARINGS FOR
More informationOptimum proportions for the design of suspension bridge
Journal of Civil Engineering (IEB), 34 (1) (26) 1-14 Optimum proportions for the design of suspension bridge Tanvir Manzur and Alamgir Habib Department of Civil Engineering Bangladesh University of Engineering
More informationSEISMIC DESIGN. Various building codes consider the following categories for the analysis and design for earthquake loading:
SEISMIC DESIGN Various building codes consider the following categories for the analysis and design for earthquake loading: 1. Seismic Performance Category (SPC), varies from A to E, depending on how the
More informationEVALUATION OF SEISMIC RESPONSE - FACULTY OF LAND RECLAMATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING -BUCHAREST
EVALUATION OF SEISMIC RESPONSE - FACULTY OF LAND RECLAMATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING -BUCHAREST Abstract Camelia SLAVE University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, 59 Marasti
More informationSeismic Risk Prioritization of RC Public Buildings
Seismic Risk Prioritization of RC Public Buildings In Turkey H. Sucuoğlu & A. Yakut Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey J. Kubin & A. Özmen Prota Inc, Ankara, Turkey SUMMARY Over the past
More informationControl of Seismic Drift Demand for Reinforced Concrete Buildings with Weak First Stories
Earthquake Yoshimura: Engineering Control and of Engineering Seismic Drift Seismology Demand for Reinforced Concrete Buildings with Weak First Stories 7 Volume 4, Number, September 3, pp. 7 3 Control of
More informationRehabilitation of a 1985 Steel Moment- Frame Building
Rehabilitation of a 1985 Steel Moment- Frame Building Gregg Haskell, a) M.EERI A 1985 steel moment frame is seismically upgraded using passive energy dissipation, without adding stiffness to the system.
More informationDYNAMIC ANALYSIS ON STEEL FIBRE
International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET) Volume 7, Issue 2, March-April 2016, pp. 179 184, Article ID: IJCIET_07_02_015 Available online at http://www.iaeme.com/ijciet/issues.asp?jtype=ijciet&vtype=7&itype=2
More informationPrepared For San Francisco Community College District 33 Gough Street San Francisco, California 94103. Prepared By
Project Structural Conditions Survey and Seismic Vulnerability Assessment For SFCC Civic Center Campus 750 Eddy Street San Francisco, California 94109 Prepared For San Francisco Community College District
More informationComparison of Seismic Performance of D-region of Existing RC Structures Designed with Different Recommendations
Comparison of Seismic Performance of D-region of Existing RC Structures Designed with Different Recommendations Balthasar Novák 1, K.Ramanjaneyulu 2, Constanze Roehm 3 and Saptarshi Sasmal 4 1 Professor,
More informationw o r k o G f E A x - p r S i t n c e Elegance and Strength BBR HiAm CONA Strand Stay Cable Damping Systems
e o b a l N e t w o r k l o G f E A x - p r S i t n c e 1 9 4 4 - s Elegance and Strength BBR HiAm CONA Strand Stay Cable Damping Systems 1 Cable vibration and damping Despite the wide use of cable-stayed
More informationStructural Dynamics of Linear Elastic Single-Degree-of-Freedom (SDOF) Systems
Structural Dynamics of Linear Elastic Single-Degree-of-Freedom (SDOF) Systems SDOF Dynamics 3-1 This set of slides covers the fundamental concepts of structural dynamics of linear elastic single-degree-of-freedom
More informationEARTHQUAKE DISASTER MITIGATION USING INNOVATIVE RETROFITTING METHOD
J. SE Asian Appl. Geol., Sep Dec 2010, Vol. 2(3), pp. 225 231 EARTHQUAKE DISASTER MITIGATION USING INNOVATIVE RETROFITTING METHOD Eric Augustus J. Tingatinga 1 and Hideji Kawakami 2 1 Institute of Civil
More informationHybrid simulation evaluation of the suspended zipper braced frame
Hybrid simulation evaluation of the suspended zipper braced frame Tony Yang Post-doctoral scholar University of California, Berkeley Acknowledgements: Andreas Schellenberg, Bozidar Stojadinovic, Jack Moehle
More informationBLIND TEST ON DAMAGE DETECTION OF A STEEL FRAME STRUCTURE
BLIND TEST ON DAMAGE DETECTION OF A STEEL FRAME STRUCTURE C.J. Black< 1 >,C.E. Ventura(2) Graduate Student, < 2 > Associate Professor University of British Columbia Department of Civil Engineering
More informationANALYSIS FOR BEHAVIOR AND ULTIMATE STRENGTH OF CONCRETE CORBELS WITH HYBRID REINFORCEMENT
International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET) Volume 6, Issue 10, Oct 2015, pp. 25-35 Article ID: IJCIET_06_10_003 Available online at http://www.iaeme.com/ijciet/issues.asp?jtype=ijciet&vtype=6&itype=10
More informationDESIGN SPECIFICATIONS FOR HIGHWAY BRIDGES PART V SEISMIC DESIGN
DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS FOR HIGHWAY BRIDGES PART V SEISMIC DESIGN MARCH 2002 CONTENTS Chapter 1 General... 1 1.1 Scope... 1 1.2 Definition of Terms... 1 Chapter 2 Basic Principles for Seismic Design... 4
More informationSeismic performance evaluation of an existing school building in Turkey
CHALLENGE JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL MECHANICS 1 (4) (2015) 161 167 Seismic performance evaluation of an existing school building in Turkey Hüseyin Bilgin * Department of Civil Engineering, Epoka University,
More informationAnalysis of seismic response control for long-span cable-stayed. bridge under traveling wave input *
Analysis of seismic response control for long-span cable-stayed bridge under traveling wave input * QI ing-jun, LI iao-jun 2 ( Associate Professor, School of Civil Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University,
More informationSeismic Analysis and Design of Steel Liquid Storage Tanks
Vol. 1, 005 CSA Academic Perspective 0 Seismic Analysis and Design of Steel Liquid Storage Tanks Lisa Yunxia Wang California State Polytechnic University Pomona ABSTRACT Practicing engineers face many
More informationSimulation for the Collapse of WTC after Aeroplane Impact
Simulation for the Collapse of WTC after Aeroplane Impact LU Xinzheng & JIANG Jianjing Department of Civil Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 Abstract: Mechanical simulation and parameter
More informationCOUNTERBALANCE VALVES
COUNTERBALANCE VALVES Introduction They are modulating valves which allow free flow into the actuator and then block the reverse flow until they feel a pilot pressure inversely proportional to the load
More informationFXA 2008. UNIT G484 Module 2 4.2.3 Simple Harmonic Oscillations 11. frequency of the applied = natural frequency of the
11 FORCED OSCILLATIONS AND RESONANCE POINTER INSTRUMENTS Analogue ammeter and voltmeters, have CRITICAL DAMPING so as to allow the needle pointer to reach its correct position on the scale after a single
More informationSEISMIC DESIGN PROVISIONS FOR PRECAST CONCRETE STRUCTURES. S.K. Ghosh, Ph. D. President S.K. Ghosh Associates Inc. Northbrook, IL BACKGROUND
SEISMIC DESIGN PROVISIONS FOR PRECAST CONCRETE STRUCTURES S.K. Ghosh, Ph. D. President S.K. Ghosh Associates Inc. Northbrook, IL BACKGROUND Until recently, precast concrete structures could be built in
More informationHidetsugu KURODA 1, Fumiaki ARIMA 2, Kensuke BABA 3 And Yutaka INOUE 4 SUMMARY
PRINCIPLES AND CHARACTERISTICS OF VISCOUS DAMPING DEVICES (GYRO-DAMPER), THE DAMPING FORCES WHICH ARE HIGHLY AMPLIFIED BY CONVERTING THE AXIAL MOVEMENT TO ROTARY ONE 0588 Hidetsugu KURODA 1, Fumiaki ARIMA,
More informationEXPERIMENTAL OBSERVATIONS FROM SHAKING-TABLE TESTS ON SELECTIVE TECHNIQUES FOR REPAIR AND STRENGTHENING OF RC WALLS
EXPERIMENTAL OBSERVATIONS FROM SHAKING-TABLE TESTS ON SELECTIVE TECHNIQUES FOR REPAIR AND STRENGTHENING OF RC WALLS Amr S ELNASHAI 1, Rui PINHO 2 And Carlos T VAZ 3 SUMMARY It is most important that developments
More informationNonlinear numerical analysis of SRC-RC transfer columns based on OpenSEES
3rd International Conference on Material, Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering (IC3ME 2015) Nonlinear numerical analysis of SRC-RC transfer columns based on OpenSEES Hao Gu 1 a * Yun ZOU 1 Ming Chen
More informationMODELLING OF AN INFILL WALL FOR THE ANALYSIS OF A BUILDING FRAME SUBJECTED TO LATERAL FORCE
International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET) Volume 7, Issue 1, Jan-Feb 2016, pp. 180-187, Article ID: IJCIET_07_01_015 Available online at http://www.iaeme.com/ijciet/issues.asp?jtype=ijciet&vtype=7&itype=1
More informationRECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF BASE ISOLATED STRUCTURES
136 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF BASE ISOLATED STRUCTURES 1 2 3 4 R.W.G. Blakeiey, A. W. Charleson, H.C. Hitchcock, L. M. Megget, SYNOPSIS M.J.N. Priestley b f R.D. Sharpe 6 R.I.
More informationEARTHQUAKE INDUCED AMPLIFIED LOADS IN STEEL INVERTED V- TYPE CONCENTRICALLY BRACED FRAMES
EARTHQUAKE INDUCED AMPLIFIED LOADS IN STEEL INVERTED V- TYPE CONCENTRICALLY BRACED FRAMES Bora Akşar 1, Selçuk Doğru 2, Jay Shen 3, Ferit Cakir 4, Bulent Akbas 5 1 Res.Asst,, Gebze Technical University,
More informationSeismic Evaluation and Retrofitting of RC Building by Using Energy Dissipating Devices
Seismic Evaluation and Retrofitting of RC Building by Using Energy Dissipating Devices S. I. Khan 1, Prof. P. O. Modani 2 1(Department of Civil Engineering, B.N.C.O.E, Pusad) 2(Assist. Professor Department
More informationManufacturing Equipment Modeling
QUESTION 1 For a linear axis actuated by an electric motor complete the following: a. Derive a differential equation for the linear axis velocity assuming viscous friction acts on the DC motor shaft, leadscrew,
More informationClutch and Operation as a System
Clutch and Operation as a System Dipl.-Ing. Matthias Zink Dipl.-Ing. René Shead Introduction New technologies and increasing demands for comfort, require increased total system thinking, also in the area
More informationCONTRACT SPECIFICATIONS - SEISMIC ISOLATION BEARINGS
CONTRACT SPECIFICATIONS - SEISMIC ISOLATION BEARINGS 1.0 DESIGN 1.1 Scope of Work 1.1.1 This work shall consist of furnishing Isolation Bearings and installing Isolation Bearing Assemblies at the locations
More informationFOUNDATION DESIGN. Instructional Materials Complementing FEMA 451, Design Examples
FOUNDATION DESIGN Proportioning elements for: Transfer of seismic forces Strength and stiffness Shallow and deep foundations Elastic and plastic analysis Foundation Design 14-1 Load Path and Transfer to
More informationPSEUDO NEGATIVE STIFFNESS CONTROL OF THE BENCHMARK CABLE-STAYED BRIDGE
PSEUDO NEGATIVE STIFFNESS CONTROL OF THE BENCHMARK CABLE-STAYED BRIDGE Hirokazu IEMURA and Mulyo Harris Pradono Abstract Effectiveness of variable damper employing pseudo negative stiffness control on
More informationSeismic Isolation Retrofitting of Japanese Wooden Buildings
Seismic Isolation Retrofitting of Japanese Wooden Buildings Summary Junko Suga Building Design Department Takenaka Corporation, Osaka Main Office Osaka, Japan Hiroyuki Ueda Building Design Department Takenaka
More informationINTERACTION BETWEEN MOVING VEHICLES AND RAILWAY TRACK AT HIGH SPEED
INTERACTION BETWEEN MOVING VEHICLES AND RAILWAY TRACK AT HIGH SPEED Prof.Dr.Ir. C. Esveld Professor of Railway Engineering TU Delft, The Netherlands Dr.Ir. A.W.M. Kok Associate Professor of Railway Engineering
More informationOPTIMAL DIAGRID ANGLE TO MINIMIZE DRIFT IN HIGH-RISE STEEL BUILDINGS SUBJECTED TO WIND LOADS
International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET) Volume 6, Issue 11, Nov 215, pp. 1-1, Article ID: IJCIET_6_11_1 Available online at http://www.iaeme.com/ijciet/issues.asp?jtype=ijciet&vtype=6&itype=11
More informationModeling Mechanical Systems
chp3 1 Modeling Mechanical Systems Dr. Nhut Ho ME584 chp3 2 Agenda Idealized Modeling Elements Modeling Method and Examples Lagrange s Equation Case study: Feasibility Study of a Mobile Robot Design Matlab
More informationBEHAVIOR OF SHORT CONCRETE COLUMNS REINFORCED BY CFRP BARS AND SUBJECTED TO ECCENTRIC LOAD
International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET) Volume 6, Issue 10, Oct 2015, pp. 15-24 Article ID: IJCIET_06_10_002 Available online at http://www.iaeme.com/ijciet/issues.asp?jtype=ijciet&vtype=6&itype=10
More informationNew approaches in Eurocode 3 efficient global structural design
New approaches in Eurocode 3 efficient global structural design Part 1: 3D model based analysis using general beam-column FEM Ferenc Papp* and József Szalai ** * Associate Professor, Department of Structural
More informationTHE EFFECT OF STIRRUPS AND HOOKED STEEL FIBERS INSTEAD ON MOMENT-ROTATION CAPACITY OF BEAM-COLUMN CONNECTIONS
THE EFFECT OF STIRRUPS AND HOOKED STEEL FIBERS INSTEAD ON MOMENT-ROTATION CAPACITY OF BEAM-COLUMN CONNECTIONS Assist. Prof. Dr. S. KamilAkın 1, Assist. Prof. Dr. Nail Kara 1, 1 Department of Civil Engineering,
More informationbi directional loading). Prototype ten story
NEESR SG: Behavior, Analysis and Design of Complex Wall Systems The laboratory testing presented here was conducted as part of a larger effort that employed laboratory testing and numerical simulation
More informationSeismic Retrofit of Existing Buildings: Innovative Alternatives
Seismic Retrofit of Existing Buildings: Innovative Alternatives Moe Cheung and Simon Foo Public Works & Government Services Canada Hull, Quebec, Canada Jacques Granadino Public Works & Government Services
More information! n. Problems and Solutions Section 1.5 (1.66 through 1.74)
Problems and Solutions Section.5 (.66 through.74).66 A helicopter landing gear consists of a metal framework rather than the coil spring based suspension system used in a fixed-wing aircraft. The vibration
More informationAnalysis of Steel Moment Frames subjected to Vehicle Impact
APCOM & ISCM 11-14 th December, 2013, Singapore Analysis of Steel Moment Frames subjected to Vehicle Impact Hyungoo Kang¹, Jeongil Shin 1, Jinkoo Kim 2 * 1 Graduate Student, Department of Civil-Architectural
More informationCurrent Status of Seismic Retrofitting Technology
CONTENTS Current Status of Seismic Retrofitting Technology Damages of Past Earthquakes Seismic Diagnosis Method Building Control Section Urban Building Division Bureau of Urban Development, TMG Seismic
More informationREHABILITATION OF THE FIGUEIRA DA FOZ BRIDGE
REHABILITATION OF THE FIGUEIRA DA FOZ BRIDGE A.Rito Proponte, Lda, Lisbon, Portugal J. Appleton A2P Consult, Lda, Lisbon, Portugal ABSTRACT: The Figueira da Foz Bridge includes a 405 m long cable stayed
More informationINFLUENCE OF ENERGY DISSIPATING SYSTEMS ON THE SEISMIC RESPONSE OF CABLE SUPPORTED BRIDGES
13 th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering Vancouver, B.C., Canada August 1-6, 2004 Paper No. 1046 INFLUENCE OF ENERGY DISSIPATING SYSTEMS ON THE SEISMIC RESPONSE OF CABLE SUPPORTED BRIDGES Tony
More informationModeling Beams on Elastic Foundations Using Plate Elements in Finite Element Method
Modeling Beams on Elastic Foundations Using Plate Elements in Finite Element Method Yun-gang Zhan School of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang,
More informationENERGY TRANSFER SYSTEMS AND THEIR DYNAMIC ANALYSIS
ENERGY TRANSFER SYSTEMS AND THEIR DYNAMIC ANALYSIS Many mechanical energy systems are devoted to transfer of energy between two points: the source or prime mover (input) and the load (output). For chemical
More informationCH. 2 LOADS ON BUILDINGS
CH. 2 LOADS ON BUILDINGS GRAVITY LOADS Dead loads Vertical loads due to weight of building and any permanent equipment Dead loads of structural elements cannot be readily determined b/c weight depends
More informationPERFORMANCE BASED SEISMIC EVALUATION AND RETROFITTING OF UNSYMMETRICAL MEDIUM RISE BUILDINGS- A CASE STUDY
Paper No. 682 PERFORMANCE BASED SEISMIC EVALUATION AND RETROFITTING OF UNSYMMETRICAL MEDIUM RISE BUILDINGS- A CASE STUDY Jimmy Chandra, Pennung Warnitchai, Deepak Rayamajhi, Naveed Anwar and Shuaib Ahmad
More informationObjectives. Experimentally determine the yield strength, tensile strength, and modules of elasticity and ductility of given materials.
Lab 3 Tension Test Objectives Concepts Background Experimental Procedure Report Requirements Discussion Objectives Experimentally determine the yield strength, tensile strength, and modules of elasticity
More informationEFFECT OF POSITIONING OF RC SHEAR WALLS OF DIFFERENT SHAPES ON SEISMIC PERFORMANCE OF BUILDING RESTING ON SLOPING GROUND
International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET) Volume 7, Issue 3, May June 2016, pp. 373 384, Article ID: IJCIET_07_03_038 Available online at http://www.iaeme.com/ijciet/issues.asp?jtype=ijciet&vtype=7&itype=3
More informationSlide 10.1. Basic system Models
Slide 10.1 Basic system Models Objectives: Devise Models from basic building blocks of mechanical, electrical, fluid and thermal systems Recognize analogies between mechanical, electrical, fluid and thermal
More informationCompression load testing straw bale walls. Peter Walker Dept. Architecture & Civil Engineering University of Bath Bath BA2 7AY.
Compression load testing straw bale walls Peter Walker Dept. Architecture & Civil Engineering University of Bath Bath BA2 7AY May 2004 1. Introduction Over the last 10 years a growing number of loadbearing
More informationSPECIFICATIONS, LOADS, AND METHODS OF DESIGN
CHAPTER Structural Steel Design LRFD Method Third Edition SPECIFICATIONS, LOADS, AND METHODS OF DESIGN A. J. Clark School of Engineering Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Part II Structural
More informationA PERFORMANCE TEST STUDY ON CHINESE G4 LEAD RUBBER BEARINGS
13 th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering Vancouver, B.C., Canada August 1-6, 24 Paper No. 676 A PERFORMANCE TEST STUDY ON CHINESE G4 LEAD RUBBER BEARINGS Demin FENG 1, Cliff CHEN 2, Wenguang LIU
More informationThe following sketches show the plans of the two cases of one-way slabs. The spanning direction in each case is shown by the double headed arrow.
9.2 One-way Slabs This section covers the following topics. Introduction Analysis and Design 9.2.1 Introduction Slabs are an important structural component where prestressing is applied. With increase
More informationReinforced Concrete Design
FALL 2013 C C Reinforced Concrete Design CIVL 4135 ii 1 Chapter 1. Introduction 1.1. Reading Assignment Chapter 1 Sections 1.1 through 1.8 of text. 1.2. Introduction In the design and analysis of reinforced
More informationPerformance-based Evaluation of the Seismic Response of Bridges with Foundations Designed to Uplift
Performance-based Evaluation of the Seismic Response of Bridges with Foundations Designed to Uplift Marios Panagiotou Assistant Professor, University of California, Berkeley Acknowledgments Pacific Earthquake
More informationINTRODUCTION TO LIMIT STATES
4 INTRODUCTION TO LIMIT STATES 1.0 INTRODUCTION A Civil Engineering Designer has to ensure that the structures and facilities he designs are (i) fit for their purpose (ii) safe and (iii) economical and
More informationDT024 YEAR 4 GROUP ASSIGNMENT TUNING OF A VIBRATION ABSORBER FOR A SDOF SYSTEM. Table of Contents. 1 Introduction.. 2. 2 Damping in Structures...
! DT024 YEAR 4 GROUP ASSIGNMENT TUNING OF A VIBRATION ABSORBER FOR A SDOF SYSTEM Table of Contents Section Page 1 Introduction.. 2 2 Damping in Structures... 3 3 Background Theory 11 4 Theoretical Modelling
More informationBuilding a simple seismometer
Building a simple seismometer Seismometers operate on the principle of inertia, i.e. a body at rest will tend to remain that way unless a force is applied to make it move. An ideal seismometer would be
More informationSMIP05 Seminar Proceedings VISUALIZATION OF NONLINEAR SEISMIC BEHAVIOR OF THE INTERSTATE 5/14 NORTH CONNECTOR BRIDGE. Robert K.
VISUALIZATION OF NONLINEAR SEISMIC BEHAVIOR OF THE INTERSTATE 5/14 NORTH CONNECTOR BRIDGE Robert K. Dowell Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering San Diego State University Abstract This paper
More informationDESIGN OF BLAST RESISTANT BUILDINGS IN AN LNG PROCESSING PLANT
DESIGN OF BLAST RESISTANT BUILDINGS IN AN LNG PROCESSING PLANT Troy Oliver 1, Mark Rea 2 ABSTRACT: This paper provides an overview of the work undertaken in the design of multiple buildings for one of
More informationSEISMIC TESTING OF NON-STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS AND ASSESSMENT OF THE PRESCRIBED RESPONSE SPECTRUM
NCEE Tenth U.S. National Conference on Earthquake Engineering Frontiers of Earthquake Engineering July -5, Anchorage, Alaska SEISMIC TESTING OF NON-STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS AND ASSESSMENT OF THE PRESCRIBED
More informationSeismic Risk Evaluation of a Building Stock and Retrofit Prioritization
Seismic Risk Evaluation of a Building Stock and Retrofit Prioritization Seismic risk assessment of large building stocks can be conducted at various s depending on the objectives, size of the building
More informationHollow Cylinder Apparatus (GDS SS-HCA)
HCA:1 Options available for SS-HCA Axial Load/Torque 1kN/1Nm 1kN/2Nm 12kN/2Nm 15kN/4Nm Dynamic upgrade frequencies Hollow Cylinder Apparatus (GDS SS-HCA).5Hz 2Hz 1Hz 5Hz Sample Height/Outer Ø/Inner Ø 2/1/6mm
More informationDEVELOPMENT OF A NEW TEST FOR DETERMINATION OF TENSILE STRENGTH OF CONCRETE BLOCKS
1 th Canadian Masonry Symposium Vancouver, British Columbia, June -5, 013 DEVELOPMENT OF A NEW TEST FOR DETERMINATION OF TENSILE STRENGTH OF CONCRETE BLOCKS Vladimir G. Haach 1, Graça Vasconcelos and Paulo
More informationPOLITECNICO DI MILANO
POLITECNICO DI MILANO Faculty of Industrial Engineering Master of Science in Mechanical Engineering Rolling Road System Design for the RuotaVia Test Rig Relatore: Co-relatore: Prof. Giampiero MASTINU Ing.
More informationStructural Dynamics, Dynamic Force and Dynamic System
Structural Dynamics, Dynamic Force and Dynamic System Structural Dynamics Conventional structural analysis is based on the concept of statics, which can be derived from Newton s 1 st law of motion. This
More informationThe EUROCODE 8. Applications to Buildings and Bridges
The EUROCODE 8 Applications to Buildings and Bridges Structural Eurocodes EN1990 Eurocode 0: Basis of structural design EN1991 Eurocode 1: Actions on structures EN1992 Eurocode 2: Design of concrete structures
More informationStudy on the seismic performance of X-added damping and stiffness energy dissipation device
Study on the seismic performance of X-added damping and stiffness energy dissipation device C. X. Wu Y. Zhou School of Civil Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou J.G. Tong J.J. Han Sichuan Guofang
More informationRequirements for the Use of PRESSS Moment-Resisting Frame Systems
Requirements for the Use of PRESSS Moment-Resisting Frame Systems Neil M. Hawkins, Ph.D. Professor Emeritus Department of Civil Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana, Illinois S.
More information! # # % % & () +, & +,,. / 0 % 1 + + 0 % 1 + + 2) () 3
! # # % % & () +, & +,,. / 0 % 1 + + 0 % 1 + + 2) () 3 4 SEISMIC EVALUATION OF REDUCED WEB SECTION(RWS) MOMENT CONNECTIONS Konstantinos Daniel Tsavdaridis Assistant Professor of Structural Engineering
More informationHardened Concrete. Lecture No. 14
Hardened Concrete Lecture No. 14 Strength of Concrete Strength of concrete is commonly considered its most valuable property, although in many practical cases, other characteristics, such as durability
More informationAseismic retrofitting of unreinforced masonry walls using FRP
Composites: Part B 37 (26) 148 162 www.elsevier.com/locate/compositesb Aseismic retrofitting of unreinforced masonry walls using FRP Mohamed A. ElGawady*, Pierino Lestuzzi, Marc Badoux Swiss Federal Institute
More informationLoudspeaker Parameters. D. G. Meyer School of Electrical & Computer Engineering
Loudspeaker Parameters D. G. Meyer School of Electrical & Computer Engineering Outline Review of How Loudspeakers Work Small Signal Loudspeaker Parameters Effect of Loudspeaker Cable Sample Loudspeaker
More informationEFFECTS ON NUMBER OF CABLES FOR MODAL ANALYSIS OF CABLE-STAYED BRIDGES
EFFECTS ON NUMBER OF CABLES FOR MODAL ANALYSIS OF CABLE-STAYED BRIDGES Yang-Cheng Wang Associate Professor & Chairman Department of Civil Engineering Chinese Military Academy Feng-Shan 83000,Taiwan Republic
More informationTHE DESIGN OF BUILDING SERVICES FOR EARTHQUAKE RESISTANCE
THE DESIGN OF BUILDING SERVICES FOR EARTHQUAKE RESISTANCE Graeme J BEATTIE 1 SUMMARY The design of seismic restraints for building services equipment is often a matter that is overlooked because there
More informationIn-situ Load Testing to Evaluate New Repair Techniques
In-situ Load Testing to Evaluate New Repair Techniques W.J. Gold 1 and A. Nanni 2 1 Assistant Research Engineer, Univ. of Missouri Rolla, Dept. of Civil Engineering 2 V&M Jones Professor, Univ. of Missouri
More information1.054/1.541 Mechanics and Design of Concrete Structures (3-0-9) Outline 1 Introduction / Design Criteria for Reinforced Concrete Structures
Prof. Oral Buyukozturk Massachusetts Institute of Technology Outline 1 1.054/1.541 Mechanics and Design of Concrete Structures (3-0-9) Outline 1 Introduction / Design Criteria for Reinforced Concrete Structures
More informationSEISMIC ANALYSIS AND RETROFITTING OF R.C.C STRUCTURE
International Journal of Advanced Research in Biology Engineering Science and Technology (IJARBEST) Vol., Issue, April 1 SEISMIC ANALYSIS AND RETROFITTING OF R.C.C STRUCTURE M.R.NAVANEETHA KRISHNAN 1,
More informationSteering unit. Table of contents. Features RE 11872/05.06. Type LAGL. Frame sizes 500 to 1000 Component series 1X Maximum flow 80 l/min
Steering unit RE 11872/05.06 /10 Type LAGL Frame sizes 500 to 1000 Component series 1X Maximum flow 80 l/min H7375 Table of contents Contents Page Features 1 Ordering code 2 Function, section 3 Device
More informationPancake-type collapse energy absorption mechanisms and their influence on the final outcome (complete version)
Report, Structural Analysis and Steel Structures Institute, Hamburg University of Technology, Hamburg, June, 2013 Pancake-type collapse energy absorption mechanisms and their influence on the final outcome
More informationPhysics 9e/Cutnell. correlated to the. College Board AP Physics 1 Course Objectives
Physics 9e/Cutnell correlated to the College Board AP Physics 1 Course Objectives Big Idea 1: Objects and systems have properties such as mass and charge. Systems may have internal structure. Enduring
More informationBEHAVIOR OF WELDED T-STUBS SUBJECTED TO TENSILE LOADS
BEHAVIOR OF WELDED T-STUBS SUBJECTED TO TENSILE LOADS R.A. Herrera 1, G. Desjouis 2, G. Gomez 2, M. Sarrazin 3 1 Assistant Professor, Dept. of Civil Engineering, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile 2
More informationAnalysis of the Response Under Live Loads of Two New Cable Stayed Bridges Built in Mexico
Analysis of the Response Under Live Loads of Two New Cable Stayed Bridges Built in Mexico Roberto Gómez, Raul Sánchez-García, J.A. Escobar and Luis M. Arenas-García Abstract In this paper we study the
More informationSEISMIC RETROFIT DESIGN CRITERIA
SEISMIC RETROFIT DESIGN CRITERIA British Columbia Ministry of Transportation June 30, 2005 Prepared by: Recommended by: Approved by: Don Kennedy, P.Eng., Associated Engineering (BC) Sharlie Huffman, P.
More informationSEISMIC CAPACITY OF EXISTING RC SCHOOL BUILDINGS IN OTA CITY, TOKYO, JAPAN
SEISMIC CAPACITY OF EXISTING RC SCHOOL BUILDINGS IN OTA CITY, TOKYO, JAPAN Toshio OHBA, Shigeru TAKADA, Yoshiaki NAKANO, Hideo KIMURA 4, Yoshimasa OWADA 5 And Tsuneo OKADA 6 SUMMARY The 995 Hyogoken-nambu
More informationHow To Write An Analysis System For Bridge Test
Study of Analysis System for Bridge Test Chen Ke, Lu Jian-Ming, Research Institute of Highway, 100088, Beijing, China (chenkezi@163.com, lujianming@263.net) Summary Analysis System for Bridge Test (Chinese
More information