Darbs ar CAD datiem ArcGIS Desktop vidē
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- Rudolf Price
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1 Darbs ar CAD datiem ArcGIS Desktop vidē
2 Pārskats par CAD Plaši lietots, vektoru-bāzēts telpisko datu formāts Multidisciplinārs pielietojums Inženieri, mērnieki, arhitekti Standarta formāts priekš daudzām organizācijām Extensīvs 2D un 3D ģeometrijas atbalsts Entītiju-atribūtu iespējas
3 CAD formāti un programmatūras versijas ArcGIS atbalsta divus visbiežākos CAD failu formātus File Formats AutoCAD DWG/DXF MicroStation DGN File Versions AutoCAD release 12 through AutoCAD 2010 MicroStation 5.x through MicroStation V8
4 Ko var izdarīt ar CAD datiem ArcGIS vidē? Kartogrāfija CAD slāņi kalpo kā kartes elementi (fons) Rediģēšana CAD slāņi kalpo kā atskaite priekš jauniem elementiem Telpiskā analīze (Spatial analysis) CAD elementu klases mijiedarbojas ar citiem ĢIS slāņiem Konvertēšana CAD elementu klases eksportē uz ĢIS formātiem (un otrādi) A
5 ArcGIS tiešās lasīšanas iespējas CAD tiešā lasīšana Iebūvēta ArcCatalog ArcMap ArcScene un ArcGlobe Lai redzētu 3D skatu no CAD datiem Pieejams visos ArcGIS līmeņos Kodola(Core) tehnoloģija Nav nepieciešama konvertēšana Nav nepieciešami paplašinājumi A D
6 CAD datu modelis ArcGIS CAD datus veido : Ģeometrija Atribūti ABC CAD entītiju ģeometrija ir reprezentēta kā ĢIS elementu ģeometrija Koordinātu Sistēma/Projekcija CAD īpašības, tagi, ir pārvietoti atribūtu tabulās World File ArcMap var izmantot PRJ, lai pārklātu CAD datus ar GIS slāņiem CAD var transformēt no lokālām koordinātēm uz projektētajām koordinātēm
7 CAD datu struktūra iekš ArcGIS CAD elementu datukopa: Elementu klases Organizētas pēc ģeometrijas tipa Parcels.dgn Annotation MultiPatch Point Polyline Polygon CAD feature dataset Text, tags and attribute definitions Polygons and surfaces used for 3D representation Points, blocks, and cells Lines, polylines, curves, and arcs Closed areas such as polygons, ellipses and circles
8 CAD datu lietošana ArcGIS
9 CAD elementu atveidošana Tieši lasa CAD entītiju īpašības Simbolus kontrolē ESRI-CAD.style fails pamatojoties uz līniju tipu Krāsu un līniju biezums tiek atveidots automātiski, ja nav atrasts ESRI-CAD.style A
10 CAD style ESRI-CAD.style DGN un DWG/DXF kategorijas Vairāk simbolu būs nākotnes izlaidumos Papildu simbolus var pievienot A D
11 CAD datu simbolizēšana Simbolizē punktus, līnijas, poligonus Var modificēt iekš ArcMap Maina simbolus Atveido pēc Single symbol, Categories, vai Quantities Atribūtu-bāzēti kartes teksti Lauki, izteiksmes Displeja efekti Caurspīdīgums (Transparency) A
12 Izvēlēties (selecting) CAD elementus: Atribūtus Geoprocessing Display Export "Layer" = 'Water Mains'
13 Izvēlēties (selecting) CAD elementus: Telpiskās saistības Izvēlēties elementus pēc relatīvā izvietojuma ar citiem elementiem Intersect Are within a distance of Contain Are completely within Touch the boundary of Have their centroid in More D
14 CAD ģeodatu apstrāde (Geoprocessing) Ģeodatu apstrāde Operāciju izmanto, lai manipulētu ar datiem Nav nepieciešama konvertēšana Analīze Elementu buferēšana Pārklāt slāņus Union, intersect Daudz vairāk Atbalsta izvēlētos slāņus no CAD slāņiem Tipiska izvade ir ĢIS dati (var būt arī CAD) A
15 Konvertēt CAD failus uz GIS
16 Kāpēc konvertēt CAD datus? Lai izveidotu jaunus ĢIS datus
17 Kāpēc konvertēt CAD datus? Lai atjaunotu (update) eksistējošus ĢIS datus
18 Kāpēc konvertēt CAD datus? Lai lietotu ĢIS rīkus/funkcionalitāti Topology (Topoloģija) Spatial adjustment (Telpiskā regulēšana) Must not have gaps Must not overlap Advanced cartography (Uzlabotā kartogrāfija) Before After Analysis (Analīze) A Standard symbology Using representations
19 CAD konvertēšana: ArcMap Copy/paste eksistējošā elementu klasē Export uz jaunu elementu klasi Konteksta izvēlnes opcijas Opens Copy Features Opens CAD to Geodatabase A
20 CAD konvertēšana: Catalog window Load data Export to the geodatabase Input CAD feature class Create a new or add to existing geodatabase feature class
21 CAD konvertēšana : Geoprocessing rīki Parasti lieto rīku Feature Class to Feature Class Lieto specifiskās situācijās citus rīkus Apply query (optional) Map fields (optional) Input CAD feature class Feature Class to Feature Class Create a new geodatabase feature class
22 CAD konvertēšana : Geoprocessing rīki Var darīt to, ko ArcMap un Catalog window dara Lieto ModelBuilder and others! D
23 CAD Conversion Techniques Catalog window: Data > Load Data (aka Simple Data Loader): Adds data into an existing GDB feature class Can add data from multiple CAD files in one operation Can apply query to input file(s) Allows for mapping of fields Fast load time Cannot be used for complex data. For example, you cannot load data into a feature class that participates in a geometric network. You would need to do this in ArcMap with Load Objects or through copy/paste (more likely). Use when: You have an existing geodatabase feature class into which you want to add CAD data You have multiple CAD files Catalog window: Export > to Geodatabase: Exports to a new geodatabase feature class, shapefile, or coverage Can apply a query Can select attributes (fields) to be imported Use when: You want to create a new geodatabase feature class, shapefile, or coverage from CAD data. A new output dataset is needed.
24 TOC > Data > Export Data: Creates new geodatabase feature class or shapefile Can be selected features only Use when: You want to export data from a layer in ArcMap to a new geodatabase feature class (or shapefile). A new output dataset is needed. Copy and paste (in edit session): Copy features from CAD feature class Paste into existing geodatabase feature class or shapefile (edit session target) Use when: You have an existing geodatabase feature class into which you want to add CAD data TOC > Selection > Create Layer From Selected Features: Temporary, unless saved to a layer file. Can use temporary layer for further geoprocessing, symbology, etc. Use when: You want to create a separate layer in ArcMap of selected features from a CAD feature class.
25 Tool: CAD to Geodatabase (new at 10) Input is one or more entire CAD drawing Output is a new dataset in an existing GDB Supports CAD spline geometry Use when: You want to bulk load all feature classes in one or more CAD drawings into GDB datasets Tool: Copy features Can be a selected set To a new geodatabase feature class or shapefile Supports CAD spline geometry Use when: You want to copy features from a CAD feature class into a new geodatabase feature class (the GDB feature class is created by this tool) Tool: Feature Class to Feature Class Similar to Copy Features but includes query builder Allows for field mapping Use when: You want to copy features from a CAD feature class into a new geodatabase feature class (the GDB feature class is created by this tool)
26 Tool: Import CAD Annotation Flexible tool for converting CAD anno to GDB anno Convert levels of anno into separate classes (ArcEditor license required) or merge to a single class Honors definition query, level and font overrides Use when: You have complex CAD annotation and want control over the import process Tool: Merge (not returned by Search on "CAD") Create one new feature class of many CAD feature classes Use when: You want to create a new geodatabase feature class into which you want to add CAD data from multiple CAD feature classes
27 Tool: Append (not returned by Search on "CAD") Add to existing GIS feature class (similar to Load) TEST, NO TEST option Field mapping Use when: You have an existing geodatabase feature class into which you want to add CAD data; CAD files have different schema Import from CAD (deprecated at 10 but still present) Reformats CAD data into "staging" GDB Feature classes of geometry only Separate tables for attributes Used in geoprocessing models and scripts or for leveraging splines, elevation values, or tiling CAD files Used when: You had CAD spline geometry. Copy Features and CAD to Geodatabase tools now support CAD spline geometry.
28 CAD teksts iekš ĢIS Attēlots ar ArcMap Tiek lietoti True Type fonti Var pielāgot dažādus CAD teksta raksturlielumus, bet ne izmēru Import CAD Annotation rīks atbalsta pielāgojumus Adjust font name, color, and style, but not size A
29 Padomi, pārveidojot CAD datus Lietojiet CAD atribūtus, lai izveidotu jaunas ĢIS elementu klases Piemērs: Select features by CAD layer Layer = Driveway Piemērs : Select features by line weight LineWt = 50 A
30 Padomi, sagatavojot CAD datus priekš ĢIS Organizēt datu loģiskos slāņos Atdalīt kartogrāfiskos objektus no ģeometrijas (piemēram, virsraksti, leģendas) Izveidot entītijas reālās-pasaules koordinātēs Izmantot entītijas/elementus, kurus atbalsta ArcGIS Minimizēt modeļu aizpildījumu Izmantot blokus/šūnas objektu atribūtiem Izmantot unikālus simbolus, lai reprezentētu dažādus objektus Izmantot CAD atribūtus, lai radītu jaunas ĢIS elementu klases A D
31 CAD datu izveidošana no GIS datiem
32 Konvertējot ĢIS datus uz CAD formātu Sadarbspēja starp ĢIS un CAD programmatūrām Turp un atpakaļ darbplūsma Ļauj ĢIS lietotājiem ģenerēt datus standarta CAD formātos AutoCAD DWG/DXF (R14 AutoCAD 2010) MicroStation DGN (V8) Lietotāja-definēti atribūti un simboloģija Key-named fields Seed files Ļauj ĢIS lietotājiem izveidot CAD zīmējumus, neizmantojot CAD programmatūru A
33 Eksportējot ĢIS elementu klases Export to CAD rīks (pieejams visiem licences līmeņiem) Ģenerē CAD zīmējumus no vienas vai vairākām ievades elementu klasēm Dažādas sarežģītības līmeņi Tikai ģeometrija Standarta entītijas CAD seed file (pēc izvēles) Add key-named fields (pēc izvēles) Input geodatabase feature classes Export to CAD tool Output CAD file(s) A
34 Kas ir seed files? Šabloni, ko lieto, lai definētu jaunu failu Pievieno papildus kontroli CAD zīmējumu izveidošanai Symbolizācija, ģeometrija, slāņa/līmeņa struktūra CAD standarti Seed files izveido CAD departaments, lai definētu standartu Lieto, lai kontrolētu blokus vai šūnu izmantotās definīcijas, ko lieto Export to CAD rīks Nepieciešams MicroStation for design failu izveidei Dizaina plāns, piemēroti izmēri, vienības un sākums, 2D vai 3D ArcGIS ir iekļauti divi noklusējuma seed files A
35 Lietojot key-named laukus Export to CAD tool var būt lauka-orientēts Lieto CAD-specifiskus laukus, kas var palīdzēt veidot zīmējumus, kas atbilst CAD standartiem Layer, Color, Linetype, etc. Geometry type, document path, etc. Pamatojas uz ievades elementu slāņu atribūtiem A
36 Datu eksports uz CAD failiem : Maina ģeometriju Semantiskā tulkošana Kopīgi uzdevumi: Ģenerē līniju galapunktus vai viduspunktus Izveido līnijas no laukumiem Izveido laukumus no līnijām Automātiski GIS polygons Export to CAD tool CAD polygons and polylines A
37 CAD teksta izveidošana no GIS elementu klasēm No anotāciju elementu klases ArcMap elementu kartes teksti Izveido anotācijas no kartes tekstiem No citām elementu klasēm Pievieno key-named laukus, lai iedarbinātu teksta izveidošanu CadType (Value = "Text") TextString (Value = text string desired for output CAD text) A
38 Bloks/šūna (Block/cell) Tipiski sastāv no vairākām entītijām/elementiem un dažādām ģeometrijām, kas ir sagrupētas kopā kā viens objekts Var ietvert tekstu un atribūtus ArcGIS reprezentē ievietošanas punktu kā punkta elementu B Block/Cell Block/Cell Structure Geometry Entity Point (insert) 3548, 1, B Annotation Polyline Polygon A
39 Izveido bloka ievietošanas entītiju ar atribūtiem Map GIS punkta elementi uz CAD bloka ievietošanas entītijām Pievieno un kalkulē key-named laukus CadType (value = "Insert") Refname (value = name of the AutoCAD block to reference) Nepieciešams seed file, kas satur bloku definīcijas CAD seed file ID CadType Refname 1 Insert WValve 2 Insert WValve Export to CAD tool A
40 A CAD Kartēšana specifikācija_mapping Specification for CAD (MSC) Atklātā koda Esri standarts priekš informācijas kodēšanas iekš CAD, lai definētu: GIS elementu klases + atribūtus Koordinātu sistēmu Lieto CAD datu struktūras, lai definētu shēmu un glabātu datus priekš uzlabotas GIS-CAD sadarbspējas Piesaista ar ArcGIS CAD rīkiem CAD tiešās lasīšanas/importēšanas rīki Export to CAD rīks Specifikācija ir pieejama šeit: Specification_for_DWG.pdf
41 Rada DWG/DXF failus Automātiski ģenerē ar Export to CAD rīku Organizē CAD entītijas iekš CAD-definētām elementu klasēm DWG Apakšgrupa no standarta CAD elementu klasēm GIS atribūti tiek iedarināti CAD entītijās Export to CAD tool A
42 ArcGIS for AutoCAD Brīvs AutoCAD aplikācijas spraudnis priekš GIS/CAD sadarbspējas Nodrošina rīkus, lai lasītu, pārvaldītu un izveidotu CAD definētas elementu klases un atribūtus iekš DWG/DXF Nodrošina rīkus, lai pārvaldītu koordinātu sistēmas Nodrošina piekļuvi ArcGIS Server map services (iekļaujot ArcGIS Online saturu) Pieejams šeit: A
43 ArcGIS for AutoCAD rīki GIS elementu klases CAD standarti var būt līdzeklis elementu klašu definīcijām Elementu klase sastāv no vārda, ģeometrijas tipa un shēmas Jaunas elementu klases Pievienot atribūtus Iestatīt noklusējuma vērtības Eksistējošas elementu klases Pievienot jaunus atribūtus Modificēt eksistējošus atribūtus A
44 ArcGIS for AutoCAD darbplūsma CAD-definētas elementu klasses Izveido jaunas elementu klases no DWG/DXF entītijām, pamatojoties uz CAD īpašībām (piem., layer, color, linetype) Lieto eksistējošas DWG/DXF elementu klases, kas izveidotas ar Export to CAD rīku Pievieno/rediģē elementu atribūtus caur Properties Sakārto DWG/DXF iekš ArcGIS GIS lietotājiem ir piekļuve no CAD sistēmas pievienotām elementu klasēm un atribūtiem A D
45 CAD darbplūsmas un labākās prakses
46 Izveidot GIS elementu atribūtus no CAD entītijām Risinājums: Līdzināt telpiskās saistības starp CAD entītijām un ĢIS elementiem Values derived from CAD text Attributes of Parcels
47 Izveidot ģeodatubāzes anotācijas no CAD teksta Solution: Import CAD Annotation CAD Import CAD Annotation Annotation feature class
48 Izveidot ĢIS poligonus no CAD polilīnijām Risinājums: Konvertēt līniju elementus par poligoniem Līnijām jābūt noslēgtām! Features to Polygons CAD drawing GIS feature class
49 Salabot līnijas CAD zīmējumā Risinājums: Pagarināt/apgriezt līniju elementus Undershoot Convert to feature class Edit line work Overshoot CAD GIS
50 Salabot nesavienotās CAD līnijas Risinājums: Izveidot nepārtrauktas līnijas no vairākām daļām Gap Convert to feature class Edit line work Merge lines CAD GIS
51 Automatizēt kopīgas CAD darbplūsmas Risinājums: Lietot ModelBuilder CAD-to-GIS konvertēšana Automatizēt atkārtotus uzdevumus Regulāra datu apmaiņa starp sistēmām Izmantot CAD datu avotus ĢIS analīzē INPUT PROCESS or TOOL OUTPUT INPUT PROCESS or TOOL OUTPUT INPUT PROCESS or TOOL OUTPUT
52 CAD failu transformēšana
53 Koordinātes CAD failos Kā tiek izveidoti CAD dati? Reālās pasaules koordinātes (Real-world coordinates) Lokālās koordinātes (Local coordinates) Real-world coordinates: X: Y: Local coordinates: X: Y:
54 CAD skatīšanās iekš ArcMap CAD dati tiek zīmēti, lietojot koordinātes CAD failā Jāpārvieto, lai atspoguļotu reālo izvietojumu A
55 CAD failu transformēšana Transformēšana = CAD datu pārvietošana Divu-punktu transformēšana (saglabājot proporcijas) Lietojot ģeodatu apstrādes (georeferencing) rīkus ArcMap Izvade ir world file (.wld)
56 Link tabula Definē transformēšanas From un To koordinātes pamatojoties uz izveidotajiem kontroles punktiem Var izdzēst kontroles punktus un tos atjaunot D
57 World faili Definē, kā CAD dati tiks pārvietoti Teksta fails ar divām saitēm (četri koordinātu pāri) From X, From Y <space> To X, To Y From X, From Y <space> To X, To Y Nosaukums ir CAD nosaukums, kam seko ".wld" Saglabāts tajā pašā mapē, kā CAD zīmējums Var lietot universālo world file: ESRI_CAD.wld A
58 Kad jums ir nepieciešams world file? Ja CAD tika izveidots, izmantojot lokālās koordinātes (nevis reālās-pasaules koordinātes) A
59 Projekcijas faili Definē koordinatu systēmu, ko lieto dati Nav nepieciešami, bet labākā prakse Koordinātu sistēmas info glabājas iekš <Nosaukums>.prj D
60 Projekcijas faila izveidošana Iekš Catalog window Properties > General tab > Edit Izvēlēties pareizo koordinātu sistēmu vai importēt no esošiem ĢIS datiem Iekš Windows Explorer Copy/paste eksistējošu.prj no CAD datiem, kam jau ir definēta koordinātu sistēmas informācija Var izmantot universālu projekcijas failu: ESRI_CAD.prj A
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