Cultural Conformity and Adaptation

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1 Preview Cultural Conformity and Adaptation Section 1: The American Value System Section 2: Social Control Section 3: Social Change

2 Section 1: The American Value System Read to Discover What are the basic values that form the foundation of American culture? What new values have developed in the United States since the 1970s?

3 Section 1: The American Value System Question What basic values form the foundation of American culture?

4 Section 1: The American Value System Traditional American Values (explanation follows) Personal achievement Individualism Work Morality and humanitarianism Efficiency and practicality Progress and material comfort Equality and democracy Freedom

Individualism Work Morality and humanitarianism Efficiency

5 Section 1: The American Value System Personal Achievement - nation built primarily by people valued individual achievement. Most evident in the area of employment Individualism - success comes through hard work and initiative Work - discipline, dedication, and hard work are viewed as signs of virtue

Most evident in the area of employment Individualism - success comes

6 Section 1: The American Value System Morality and Humanitarianism - high value is placed on morality and the world is viewed in terms of right and wrong; quick to help the less fortunate Efficiency and Practicality - practical and inventive; every problem has a solution; objects are judged on their usefulness and people on their ability to get things done

fortunate Efficiency and Practicality - practical and inventive; every problem has a

7 Section 1: The American Value System Progress and Material Comfort - through hard work and determination, living standards will continue to improve Equality and Democracy - to have human equality, there must be an equality of opportunity; success must be earned Freedom - freedoms of choice such as religion, speech, and press must be protected from government interference

human equality, there must be an equality of opportunity; success must be earned Freedom -

8 Section 1: The American Value System Other Core Values Nationalism and Patriotism Science and Rationality Racial and Group Superiority Education Religious Values Romantic Love

9 Section 1: The American Value System Question What new values have developed in the United States since the 1970s?

10 Section 1: The American Value System Our Changing Values Commitment to the full development of one s personality, talents, and potential; self-fulfillment includes leisure, physical fitness, and youthfulness (narcissism, ME Generation ) Environmental protection Education and religion were deemed important by students who were polled End Section 1. HW - p. 48, #1, 2, 4a

fitness, and youthfulness (narcissism, ME Generation ) Environmental protection Education

11 Section 2: Social Control Read to Discover How are the norms of society enforced? What are the differences between positive and negative sanctions and between formal and informal sanctions?

12 Section 2: Social Control Question How are the norms of society enforced, and what are the four types of sanctions?

13 Section 2: Social Control Enforcing the Norms of Society Internalization process by which a norm becomes a part of an individual s personality, thus conditioning that individual to conform to society s expectations (waiting in line) Sanctions rewards and punishments used to enforce conformity to the norms

conditioning that individual to conform to society s expectations (waiting

14 Section 2: Social Control ENFORCEMENT OF SOCIAL NORMS Internalization: how a norm becomes part of a person s personality, causing them to conform to society s expectations Sanctions: rewards or punishments used to enforce conformity to norms Positive: action that rewards a particular kind of behavior Negative: punishment or the threat of punishment to enforce conformity Formal: reward or punishment by a formal organization or regulatory agency, such as a school Informal: spontaneous expression of approval or disapproval by an individual or group

particular kind of behavior Negative: punishment or the threat of punishment to enforce conformity Formal: reward or punishment by a

15 Section 2: Social Control Question What are the differences between positive and negative sanctions and between formal and informal sanctions?

16 Section 2: Social Control Positive Sanction action that rewards a particular kind of behavior such as good grades or a pay raise Negative Sanction punishment or the threat of punishment to enforce conformity such as frowns, detention, imprisonment, and even death

Negative Sanction punishment or the threat of punishment to

17 Section 2: Social Control Formal Sanction - rewards or punishments by a formal organization or regulatory agency such as the government; includes promotions, awards, fines, or low grades Informal Sanction - spontaneous expression of approval or disapproval by an individual or group such as a standing ovation, gifts, gossip, or ridicule

awards, fines, or low grades Informal Sanction - spontaneous expression of approval

18 Section 2: Social Control Principal means of social control is self-control, learned through internalization. Agents of social control include family, church, school, police, courts, public opinion No society can survive long without an effective means of social control. End Section 2. HW p. 53, #1-3.

Agents of social control include family, church, school, police, courts,

19 Section 3: Social Change Read to Discover What are the main sources of social change? What factors lead people to resist social change?

20 Section 3: Social Change Question What are the main sources of social change?

21 Section 3: Social Change Values and Beliefs - changes in values and beliefs are often caused by ideology and spread through social movements (prohibition, women's rights, civil rights, gay rights, environmental movement) Technology - new knowledge and tools people use to manipulate their environment (atomic fusion, cell phones, political movements)

22 Section 3: Social Change Population - change in size and characteristics of population may bring about changes in the culture (new foods, crowding in cities, migrations change regions, age of population older US) Diffusion - process of spreading culture traits from society to society. Technology and material traits diffuse faster than beliefs and ideas. (foods, movies, music, electronics) Many societies adapt, or reformulate, traits to own needs.

23 Section 3: Social Change Physical Environment - the environment may provide conditions that encourage or discourage cultural change (importing of foods, natural disasters, change in resource supplies) Wars and Conquests (causes quick changes) exposure to new cultures; changes in politics, economy, population, property, technology, medicine

24 Source of Social Change Values and Beliefs Technology Population Diffusion Physical Environment Wars and Conquests Section 3: Social Change Example Social Consequence

25 Section 3: Social Change See The 100% American Page 59 Question What factors lead people to resist social change?

26 Section 3: Social Change Ethnocentrism - tendency to view one s own culture or group as superior, which can lead to segregation (resistance to Japanese cars) Cultural Lag - a delay in cultural change, such as in the introduction and use of computers (180 day school year - developed for rural society of 1800s, not needed in today s society but doesn t change)

27 Section 3: Social Change Vested Interests satisfaction with the status quo, which can lead to such things as a focus on maintaining budgets over a focus on providing a quality education (big business resist change automobile, oil industries) End Section 3 and Chapter 3. HW p. 61, #1, 3b and p. 62, I.P.I.; U.M.I., #3,4,7,8; T.C., #3,5

Chapter Five Socialization. Human Development: Biology and Society. Social Isolation

Chapter Five Socialization. Human Development: Biology and Society. Social Isolation Chapter Five Socialization Socialization is the lifelong process of social interaction through which individuals acquire a self-identify and the physical, mental, and social skills needed for survival