Scrapers Master Parts List

Transcription

1 Scrapers Master Parts List Scrapers Master Parts List...1 Introduction: Chapter 1: Basic electronic parts ) Diodes (Rectification, Switching, Regulation and Bridge Diodes) ) LED (Light emitting diodes) ) Capacitors ) Transistors ) Resistors ) Switches ) Potentiometers/Rheostats ) Crystals/Oscillators ) Relays ) Fuses ) Rectifiers ) Transformers ) Batteries ) Inductors ) Male/Female plugs and Jacks ) IC (Integrated Circuits) Micro-processing chips ) PCB (Printed Circuit Boards) ) Jumpers and Jumper wire post connectors ) Wire (Gold, Silver, Copper and Aluminum) ) Motors...29 Chapter 2: Major components of a PC& related items ) Motherboard ) Cards ) Keyboard ) Monitor ) CD/DVD Drive ) Platinum and data storage ) Inside a hard disk ) All disks contain platinum ) Platinum coated hard disks ) Floppy Drive ) Power Supply ) Memory ) Case ) Printer ) Modems ) UPS & Line conditioners ) Headphone & Speakers ) Video camera ) Microphone ) xxx...39 Chapter 3: Major components of a TV ) Tube ) Main board...40

2 3.3) Power Supply ) Power cord ) Speakers ) xxx...42 Chapter 4: Major components of a Cell phone Chapter 5: Miscellaneous electric devices ) Clocks ) Radios ) Stereos ) VCR & DVD players ) Video game systems ) Calculators ) Landline corded/cordless phones (Not Cell phones)...45 Chapter 6: Jewelry ) Plated Jewelry ) Karat Jewelry ) xxx...46 Chapter 7: Other miscellaneous items ) Movie, x-ray and photo negatives ) Space Heaters ) Fans ) Vacuums ) Lamps ) Light Bulbs ) Regular Incandescent light bulb ) Light Bulb Structure ) Florescent light bulb...49

3 Introduction: This book is intended to help in the process of identifying recyclable parts found in most electronics. In particular which components may contain PM s (Precious Metals) and what types of PM s may be found. In addition this book will attempt to make suggestions on how to remove and process these components. This book will show pictures of components and devices to help in identifying those items. The first chapter will describe different electronic components that are found in many of today s electronic devices. The subsequent chapters will describe many of the electronic devices and the sub-assemblies that may be found in them. It is also intended to be used as an ongoing guide that can be updated with unique or unusual items found by people that are in the scrap recycling hobby/business. The final purpose of this book is to help better identify objects that may be worth purchasing for recovery and recycling. This book will show pictures of as well as Tips: To maximize the value of the recovered materials it is suggested that you recover all metals not just the PM s. When disassembling any electronic device you will find many valuable metals like copper, aluminum and different forms of steel and iron. These not only can be recycled and cashed in at your local recycling centers but you will help to eliminate these metals and more importantly the plastics, coatings and paints used on them from ending up in landfills and eventually leaching in to our drinking water and soil. To speed up the recovery process and make it safer to remove components I suggest you buy a Dremel drill craft tool. These drills can be used with cutting and grinding wheels that will make short work of copper windings, plastic connectors and even steel housings. They are also very useful for cutting off stripped or unusual screws that hold many devise together. This will save time and many banged and bruised knuckles and fingers. They can also be used to remove components from PCB s (Printed Circuit Boards) by grinding off the soldered ends rather then trying to de-solder all of them. This is much faster and less toxic (de-soldering creates a lot of toxic fumes) way to remove these parts. Another way to maximize your overall profits is by removing components from PCB s in a reusable form so that they may be sold in bulk as used components for electronic hobbyist and others. This requires removing these components with minimal damage and lead s that are long enough for the components to be reused.

4 Chapter 1: Basic electronic parts. 1.1) Diodes (Rectification, Switching, Regulation and Bridge Diodes) Ceramics, plastics and aluminum (Leads) Only as resale of used electronic parts. None PC s and other electronics. Found on PCB s (Printed Circuit Boards) Cut or de-solder from mounting. Special notes or instruction: Rectification, Switching and Regulation Diode s look very similar in shape to resistors and some capacitors. Hint for Identifying: Look for a number on the PCB, next to the part, that starts with a D for diode. Rectification, Switching and Regulation Diode First two devices shown in the picture are diodes used for rectification. The third device from the top (red color) is used for switching, The device at the bottom of the picture is a voltage regulation diode The following is three examples of diode bridges. They can be identified by the four prongs or contacts attached to them.

5 1.2) LED (Light emitting diodes) Ceramics, plastics and aluminum (Leads) Only as resale of used electronic parts None PC s and other electronics. Found on PCB s (Printed Circuit Boards) Cut or de-solder from mounting. Special notes or instruction: They look like little light bulbs, because that s what they do. Examples of Light Emitting Diode ( LED )

6 1.3) Capacitors Aluminum, ceramic s, Film type (polycarbonate, polystyrene, polypropylene, polyester (Mylar), and for high quality capacitors polysulfone), and Tantalum. Little expect for the Tantalum capacitors and maybe for the aluminum in the can (canister) type. However the work involved to recover the aluminum and the amount recovered are not worth the work. They are best saved for resale as used parts. None except for Tantalum capacitors. PC s and other electronics. Found on PCB s (Printed Circuit Boards) Cut or de-solder from mounting. Warning: Be careful to discharge them especially the large can types before removing. Special notes or instruction: Collect the Tantalum capacitors and then grind them up to process them for recovery of the Tantalum. Hint for Identifying: Look for a number on the PCB, next to the part, that starts with a C for capacitor.

7 Capacitors vary in size and shape here are a few examples of the most common ones. Surface mounted very small (Picture is larger them item) similar to Aluminum Electrolytic (can) Capacitors only much shorter.

8 Ceramic capacitors these can be mistaken for one of the Tantalum types, especially the blue ones. Film capacitor, aluminum film wrapped in ceramic or plastic.

9 Examples of typical Aluminum Electrolytic (can) capacitors. Here are examples of the three types of Tantalum capacitors. These are expensive and very small so they are mostly used in small electronic devices. Silver Cased Subminiature Tantalum

10 Dipped Tantalum, looks very similar to ceramic, but is usually very small. 1. A-Case Tantalum (Bottom and Side) 2. D-Case Tantalum (Bottom and Side) Note: There is also a black Tantalum capacitor that look much like these types except they look a little like a very tiny IC (Integrated Circuits) (See example s on right). Old paper/wax capacitors found in electronics prior to These are extremely unreliable and are not worth using in any form.

11 Variable capacitors are a mechanical capacitor that is used in places like TV for fine tuning controls. These look similar to rheostats and variable resistors. There only value is for resale or for the little amount of aluminum or steel. 1.4) Transistors Most are silicon or silicon germanium (SiGe).However some old and some high power types are made from germanium (Ge). Newer High performance types use material gallium arsenide (GaAs). Other materials that are used are Aluminum or Tin (contacts & casing) and plastic casings. Little or none other then as used parts for resale with the exception of some gold on the contacts (leads) with some of the smaller parts. Very little except with the plated leads on some smaller ones. PC s and other electronics. Found on PCB s (Printed Circuit Boards) Cut or de-solder from mounting. Special notes or instruction: Warning: Gallium Arsenide types contain arsenic. Hint for Identifying: Look for three contacts.

12 1.5) Resistors Ceramics, copper, carbon, plastic, aluminum, tin (leads) and cement. None except for resale value as used parts or some copper in the windings of some of the larger wire wound resistors. None PC s and other electronics. Found on PCB s (Printed Circuit Boards) Cut or de-solder from mounting. Some of the most common resistor types from top to bottom. Carbon Composition Resistor, Carbon Film Resistors, Metal Oxide Resistors, Wire wound Resistors and Cement Wire wound Resistor

13 Other Wire wound Resistors. Variable resistors sometimes called potentiometers. Shunt resistors. 1.6) Switches Plastic, steel, aluminum, copper and gold. Some gold plating on tiny round plate inside button switches. They may also be resold as used parts. Minimal from plating on round contact under button. Process with light plated pins or fingers.

14 PC s and other electronics. Found on PCB s (Printed Circuit Boards) Cut or de-solder from mounting. Toggle and rocker switches. Button style (Will be slightly smaller then picture). 1.7) Potentiometers/Rheostats Plastic, aluminum, copper and steel Only as used parts None PC s and other electronics. Found on PCB s (Printed Circuit Boards) Cut or de-solder from mounting.

15 These resemble the variable resistors and can be used for volume control or as a light dimmer. 1.8) Crystals/Oscillators Ceramics, Aluminum, Tin and steel None except as used parts. None PC s and other electronics. Found on PCB s (Printed Circuit Boards) Cut or de-solder from mounting. Special notes or instruction: Used for frequency control 1.9) Relays

16 Ceramics, plastics, copper (wire), and steel. None except for resale as used parts and some very minor amounts of copper wire in the coil and coil (electro-mechanical) types. None PC s and other electronics. Found on PCB s (Printed Circuit Boards) Cut or de-solder from mounting. The following are a collection of coil (1), solid state (2-10) and coil (electro-mechanical) (11-12) relays. (1) (7) (2) (8) (3) (9) (4) (10) (5) (11) (6) (12) 1.10) Fuses Aluminum, glass, plastics, ceramics and None except as used parts. None PC s, other electronics, cars and homes. Cut or de-solder from mounting or snap out of mount.

17 Cylindrical and breaker style fuses. Buss style fuses.

18 Blade fuses 1.11) Rectifiers Plastics, brass and aluminum (leads) None except as used parts None PC s and other electronics. Found on PCB s (Printed Circuit Boards) Cut or de-solder from mounting. PIV Rectifier Zener Rectifier Diode

19 PIV Bridge Rectifier 1.12) Transformers Iron, steel, copper (Wire windings) and plastic Depending on there size they are a good source of copper and steel. Smaller ones can be sold as used parts. None PC s and other electronics. Found on PCB s (Printed Circuit Boards) Cut or de-solder from mounting. Special notes or instruction: Use hack saw or Dremel cutting saw to cut windings on both sides all the way through to the core then you can easily pull the winding from the transformer. The remaining core is usually iron or steel and can be recycled as well (Remove any plastic or tape before recycling). Laminated steel core Transformers

20 Transformer with toroidal core 1.13) Batteries plastics, Lead, Mercury, Nickel, Cadmium, lithium and steel (Casings). None except for car batteries. These contain acid that can be refined and used to process PM s. none PC and other electronics like type found in toys, cameras, cell phones, hearing aids and portable radios. Snap out of mounts. Special notes or instruction: Due to toxic chemicals and metals please recycle at local battery or electronics store.

21 1.14) Inductors Iron, plastic, ceramics, copper (wire windings) Depending on size the copper windings and the iron cores can be recovered. With smaller units they are best sold as used parts. None PC s and other electronics. Found on PCB s (Printed Circuit Boards) Cut or de-solder from mounting.

22 1.15) Male/Female plugs and Jacks Plastic, steel, Tin, Aluminum, Gold, Silver, Platinum and copper. Varies with type but many contain gold or silver. Varies with type but most are only plated with PM s PC s, Stereos, and other electronics like TV s Cut off wire and break open to expose pins or housings. On board mounted units de-solder or clip the break open to remove pins or housings. Using a hacksaw, pliers, screwdrivers and side cutters will help you break most of them open. Also using a Dremel tool will make cutting these open much faster and easier.

23 Special notes or instruction: Best place to find gold plating is on RJ45, RS-232, gold tipped audio jacks and pins in ribbon (ATA/IDE) cable connectors. DIN and Mini DIN connectors used on keyboards and mice. RS pin Monitor connectors. RS-232 Adaptors.

24 RS pin parallel surface mount connectors (female). Audio jacks for headphones and speakers. External power supply and recharger connectors. Molex connectors for connecting PC Power supply to devices like hard drive or Floppy.

25 Fire wire (IEEE 1394) 4-pin (left) and 6-pin (right) USB Male (Left) Female (Right) used for printers, Digital cameras and USB personal digital drives. RJ45 phone and modem connectors ATA or IDE connectors (Also know as ribbon or flat cable)

26 1.16) IC (Integrated Circuits) Micro-processing chips Gold, silicone wafer, plastics, ceramics and copper Gold wires and circuits Varies by type but usually high yield PC and other electronics like type found on motherboards, AGP or PCI boards and memory. These include CPU s, PROM, EPROM and other similar type of chips. Some of these are known as flat pack IC chips (north/south bridges, CMOS and others). Found on many video, Communications and some other similar cards like slot 1 CPU cards. Special hints: Look for gold corner or gold in window of chip. Even if these don t exist it doesn t mean that there is no gold. If in doubt break open the chip and look inside. Cut or de-solder from mounting. Special notes or instruction: Crush chip to as fin a powder or small pieces, then process using crock pot, Aqua Regina (AR) or whatever method you chose. Typical PROM, EPROM and Flat packs Typical ceramic or plastic square CPU.

27 1.17) PCB (Printed Circuit Boards) Fiberglass, plastic, copper, gold and lead and or silver (in the form of solder) Some boards have gold plated fingers, gold plated posts and in rare cases with some Laptop or commercial use boards the entire printed circuit can be plated or all gold. Populated or striped boards can be sold in large lots for recycling. Little (Silver solder) or medium gold yield in the form of contact fingers, posts, slot contacts (used for mounting other PCB s and memory), CPU mount contacts (Motherboards) or other rare cases as described above. Also the mounted components themselves may contain PM s or other recyclable metals depending on the PCB. PC s, TV s, radios, stereos, cell phones, Video games, commercial PBX phone systems, medical devices and almost all other electronics. Cut or de-solder (harvest) other components from board. Cut off any gold fingers, posts, slot fingers, CPU mount contacts (Motherboards) or cut gold plated board in to pieces for processing. Special notes or instruction: Short of harvesting the other parts, fingers and posts from the PCB most are not of any real value except for recycling. Please don t dump these or other parts in landfills almost everything can be recycled. Typical PCB. Some are tan most are green. The green color is a film painted on the board after etching to protect the circuits. The circuit are usually etched copper. 1.18) Jumpers and Jumper wire post connectors Plastic, aluminum contact and gold plating (on contact most not all) Keep for gold plating Minimal recovery-light plating, yield unknown PC and other electronics on small metal post like type found on motherboards or on the back end of hard drives and CD/DVD drives to set the master/slave setting.

28 Cut open with wire cutters or pull contacts with tweezers or needle nose pliers Special notes or instruction: These should be processed with other light plated PM s. Also the wires used in PC s that are used to connect to USB, sound and other jumper posts often contain gold contacts. The ends on these wires are usually very flat and black in color. They also resemble the jumpers mentioned below. Picture of jumpers is larger then actual objects and they can come in other colors. 1.19) Wire (Gold, Silver, Copper and Aluminum) Plastic, copper, aluminum, silver and gold. Varies with the type of wire, if it is insulated and its thickness. Very high if its gold wire like the type found in IC s PC and other electronics like type found in PC power supply or in the 110 power cord that you plug the unit in to the wall with. Cut or de-solder from mounting. Strip heavy copper wire for best price otherwise most copper and aluminum wire is more easily sold with insulation on. Special notes or instruction: Most small/fine wire is aluminum and most heavy wire is copper. There are exceptions so stripping a small piece of the insulation of the end of the wire will reveal the actual type. All ribbon or flat wire (ATA) is aluminum. Some rare cases it is copper with tin or silver coating (This is usually used in small component like CD/DVD drives).

29 Flat or ribbon wire (gray on left color coded on right) 1.20) Motors Iron, steel, aluminum and copper (wire windings) Depending on there size you can harvest the cast aluminum, copper wire along with the iron and steel. Smaller motors are best used as parts for resale since the copper is minimal and not worth the time to harvest it. None Hard drive, CD/DVD drives, electric drills, fans and almost any electrical device that requires a high speed rotating/spinning movement. Cut open and remove the copper windings, then strip any aluminum of any foreign metals like brass or steel. Some typical motors found in CD/DVD drives or electric drills.

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31 Chapter 2: Major components of a PC& related items 2.1) Motherboard Plastics, fiberglass, steel, gold, aluminum and various other metals in some of the components. Varies with the board. (See chapter 1 for detail of value of individual components) Varies with board (See 1.17) PCB (Printed Circuit Boards) for more detail on PM parts mounted on Motherboards PC and other electronics like game units such as Play station and Wii. Cut or de-solder (harvest) other components from board. Cut off any gold fingers, posts, slot fingers and CPU mount contacts for later PM processing. Special notes or instruction: These types of PCB s there are many hidden PM treasures to be harvested. Look at the contacts in the USB, parallel, VGA and communication ports that are surface mounted. You may find all or most of them are gold plated. There is usually an aluminum Heatsink on the north or south bride chips. Sort all the parts separately since different types of plated parts should be processed separately. Typical motherboard layout.

32 Example of a Apple Motherboard. Example of a Laptop Motherboard

33 Playstation 3 motherboards

34 2.2) Cards (See PCB) Varies with card but most have miscellaneous electrical components along with gold plated fingers, mounting pins and some have flat pack IC s. There is also a good chance that the ports mounted on the end plate have gold plated contacts inside. Varies with board but the highest yields come from the fingers, mounting pins and flat pack IC s PC motherboard PCI and AGP slots Identify and cut or de-solder (harvest) components. Cut fingers, posts, IC s and port pins for PM processing later. Special notes or instruction: Sort all the parts separately since different types of plated parts should be processed separately. Graphics and video cards Network Communication (NIC) card

35 2.3) Keyboard PC and other electronics like type found on motherboards Cut or de-solder from mounting. 2.4) Monitor PC and other electronics like type found on motherboards Cut or de-solder from mounting. 2.5) CD/DVD Drive PC and other electronics like type found on motherboards Cut or de-solder from mounting ) Platinum and data storage The need for modern computers to store very large amounts of information has brought a rapid increase in the use of platinum to improve the data storage capacity of hard disks. The first hard disk drive, introduced by IBM in 1957, used fifty disks, each measuring 24 inches in diameter, to store just 5 megabytes of data. Nowadays, PC hard disks are available which can store 125 gigabytes (125,000 megabytes) of data, and capacity is increasing all the time. Manufacturers aim to continually reduce the average number of hard disks in each drive, so technology which can offer denser data storage is eagerly sought after.

36 2.5.2) Inside a hard disk A hard disk drive looks and operates much like an old fashioned record player. Information is recorded and retrieved by a magnetic head mounted on a moveable arm, which hovers over a rapidly spinning disk. Each drive contains one or more disks; the disks in desktop PCs are usually made of aluminum, whereas high quality glass is often used for disks in laptop computers. The disks are coated with a cobalt based alloy which has magnetic properties. This magnetic layer stores individual pieces of data, or "bits", in a series of circular tracks. The amount of data which can be recorded on a given surface area depends largely upon the strength of the field generated by the magnetic layer. Adding platinum enhances the magnetic qualities of the cobalt alloy, enabling data to be stored at higher densities and improving access times ) All disks contain platinum Information storage requirements continue to expand at rapid rates, fuelled by the growing use of computers for video and audio applications. Today, all hard disks contain platinum in their magnetic layers, compared with around 50 per cent in The proportion of platinum in the magnetic alloy has been increasing steadily over time, from less than 10 per cent five years ago to over 35 per cent, on average, today 2.5.4) Platinum coated hard disks Aluminum or glass core with Platinum or other materials for surface coating (Usually 20 GB or larger drives have Platinum coating) Keep for the Platinum plating or for the Aluminum core Minimal recovery, yield unknown Inside PC hard drives (Aluminum) and Laptops (Glass) Break in to smaller chunks for removing Platinum coating. If it is not Platinum then save whole disk for recycling as Aluminum. Special notes or instruction: The platinum disks will have a silver surface, other disk will be brown in appearance (non-platinum)

37 2.6) Floppy Drive PC and other electronics like type found on motherboards Cut or de-solder from mounting. 2.7) Power Supply

38 PC and other electronics like type found on motherboards Cut or de-solder from mounting. 2.8) Memory PC and other electronics like type found on motherboards Cut or de-solder from mounting. 2.9) Case PC and other electronics like type found on motherboards Cut or de-solder from mounting. 2.10) Printer PC and other electronics like type found on motherboards Cut or de-solder from mounting.

39 2.11) Modems 2.12) UPS & Line conditioners 2.13) Headphone & Speakers 2.14) Video camera 2.15) Microphone 2.16) xxx

40 Chapter 3: Major components of a TV 3.1) Tube 3.2) Main board TV circuit boards

41 3.3) Power Supply 3.4) Power cord 3.5) Speakers

42 3.6) xxx

43 Chapter 4: Major components of a Cell phone

44 Chapter 5: Miscellaneous electric devices 5.1) Clocks 5.2) Radios 5.3) Stereos 5.4) VCR & DVD players

45 5.5) Video game systems 5.6) Calculators 5.7) Landline corded/cordless phones (Not Cell phones)

46 Chapter 6: Jewelry 6.1) Plated Jewelry 6.2) Karat Jewelry 6.3) xxx

47 Chapter 7: Other miscellaneous items 7.1) Movie, x-ray and photo negatives 7.2) Space Heaters 7.3) Fans 7.4) Vacuums

48 7.5) Lamps 7.6) Light Bulbs 7.6.1) Regular Incandescent light bulb ) Light Bulb Structure Light bulbs have a very simple structure. At the base, they have two metal contacts, which connect to the ends of an electrical circuit. The metal contacts are attached to two stiff wires, which are attached to a thin metal filament. The filament sits in the middle of the bulb, held up by a glass mount. The wires and the filament are housed in a glass bulb, which is filled with an inert gas, such as argon. The filament in a light bulb is made of a long, incredibly thin length of tungsten metal. In a typical 60-watt bulb, the tungsten filament is about 6.5 feet (2 meters) long but only one-hundredth of an inch thick. The tungsten is arranged in a double coil in order to fit it all in a small space. That is, the filament is wound up to make one coil, and then this coil is wound to make a larger coil. In a 60-watt bulb, the coil is less than an inch long.

49 7.6.2) Florescent light bulb