VSAT TECHNOLOGY & NIC VSAT NETWORK. Gyan Ranjan Nanda Scientist - D - gyan@nic.in. SATCOM Group National Informatics Centre New Delhi

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1 VSAT TECHNOLOGY & NIC VSAT NETWORK Gyan Ranjan Nanda Scientist - D - gyan@nic.in SATCOM Group National Informatics Centre New Delhi

2 VSAT & VSAT NETWORK VSAT (Very Small Aperture Terminal): A small terminal that can be used for one-way and/or interactive (two way) communications using satellite link. VSAT NETWORK : Most VSAT Network operate in STAR topology, with a large high performance hub earth station at the centre which of monitors and controls the communication of a large number of VSATs. Some VSAT network work in MESH topology, where VSATs can directly communicate with each other. There also exist a Hybrid topology, where the VSATs can operate both in STAR as well as MESH.

VSAT NETWORK : Most VSAT Network operate in STAR topology, with a large high performance hub earth station at the centre which of monitors

3 TYPICAL VSAT NETWORK SATELLITE VSAT VSAT HUB STATION VSAT VSAT

4 VSAT NETWORK TECHNOLOGY TDM(DVB-S)/TDMA: The most common VSAT network configuration. One high bit rate Outbound Carrier (DVB-S/S2) and one or more lower bit rate inbound carriers (TDMA/MF-TDMA) SCPC : Dedicated point to point links. Links can be demand based (DAMA) or Permanent (PAMA).

One high bit rate Outbound Carrier (DVB-S/S2) and one or more lower bit

5 VSAT TECHNOLOGY ADVANTAGES Network is available almost everywhere, Remote areas can be served. Uniform service levels for all location. More reliable, independent of terrestrial disruptions. Excellent solution for communication backups for terrestrial networks. Can be rolled out quickly. Useful for disaster recovery and quick-deploy solutions, enabling communication services to be quickly restored. Satellite networks are more secure and private due to fewer access points.

Excellent solution for communication backups for terrestrial networks. Can be rolled out quickly.

6 VSAT TECHNOLOGY ADVANTAGES Connectivity on Move: Till recently Satellite communication was the only communication method available while on move. Used on Trains, Ships, Ministerial Convoys and for news gathering.

communication method available while on move.

7 VSAT TECHNOLOGY CONCERNS Latency (Propagation Delay): Time taken from the source earth station to the satellite (36,000km) and down to a destination earth station (Single Hop)~ 300ms. Bandwidth Cost: Developing, launching and maintaining a satellite is extremely expensive which reflects on Bandwidth cost. Frequency Availability: Satellites of similar frequency can be as close as 2 degrees apart without causing interference. This means 180 satellites of a specific frequency can be placed in GEO orbits. Atmospheric effect: Ku and Ka band signals are affected by rain

Bandwidth Cost: Developing, launching and maintaining a satellite is extremely expensive which reflects on Bandwidth cost.

8 VSAT TECHNOLOGY LATEST DEVELOPMENTS Minimizing Latency: TCP spoofing (Ack reduction) Data transmitted by a remote is processed at satellite (on board processing) and sent back to destination. VSATs are capable of operating both in STAR and MESH topology simultaneously.(hybrid topology, STAR/MESH) Enhancing Throughput: Advanced Modulation techniques (8 PSK,16 APSK) gives more bits per symbol.(dvb-s2) Better coding mechanism (LDPC/BCH, Turbo) allows efficient FEC to be used. Data compression

VSATs are capable of operating both in STAR and MESH topology simultaneously.

9 VSAT TECHNOLOGY LATEST DEVELOPMENTS Frequency Re-use Satellites with multiple narrow spot beams of where same frequency is used in different spots. (IPSTAR,, Wild Blue) Carrier in carrier technology where Outbound and Inbounds use same spectrum, separated by their Power.

10 VSAT TECHNOLOGY LATEST DEVELOPMENTS Reducing Rain Fade: Adaptive Code Modulation (ACM) technique dynamically changes the modulation and coding to minimize raid fade. Dynamic uplink power enhances the VSAT power dynamically during rain, also changes the modulation and coding.

11 NIC/NICSI VSAT NETWORK NIC is one of the pioneer of VSAT technology in India which commissioned its first nation wide VSAT network, NICNET, way back in PRESENT NETWORKS: HN system Network (DVB-S2/MF-TDMA) Providing connectivity to CSCs (Common Service Centers) and State Govt. projects SkyEdge-II Network (DVB-S2/MF-TDMA) Providing connectivity to NDRF SkyBlaster Network(DVB-S/FTDMA) Providing Connectivity to NIC sites SCPC (DAMA/PAMA) Providing Connectivity to NIC sites

PRESENT NETWORKS: HN system Network (DVB-S2/MF-TDMA) Providing connectivity to CSCs (Common Service Centers) and State

12 VSAT HUB HN system (formerly Direcway) CURRENT VSAT PROJECTS (OPERATIONAL ON NIC/NICSI NETWORK) Project/ User CSC Treasury Dept. Commercial tax State(s) NE states, Uttarakhand, Rajasthan, J&K, Jharkhand VSATS Proposed Uttarakhand Uttarakhand, Meghalaya, C&RD Meghalaya NRHM Sikkim, Meghalaya Apex Bank Meghalaya Food&CS Sikkim 27 0 Lakshadweep Admin Lakshadweep 42 0 Skyedge-II NDRF NDRF Battalions VSATs Commissioned As on

Commercial tax State(s) NE states, Uttarakhand, Rajasthan, J&K, Jharkhand VSATS Proposed 2500 1431 Uttarakhand 86 85

13 Q &A THANKS

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