III , - I, - II, - IV,

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1 Assistance to the Commission on Technological Socio-Economic and Cost-Benefit Assessment Related to Exemptions from the Substance Restrictions in Electrical and Electronic Equipment: Study to assess renewal requests for 29 RoHS 2 Annex III exemptions [no. l(a to e -lighting purpose), no. l(f - special purpose), no. 2(a), no. 2(b)(3), no. 2(b)(4), no. 3, no. 4(a), no. 4(b), no. 4(c), no. 4(e), no. 4(f), no. 5(b), no. 6(a), no. 6(b), no. 6(c), no. 7(a), no. 7(c) - I, no. 7(c) - II, no. 7(c) - IV, no. 8(b), no. 9, no. 15, no. 18b, no. 21, no. 24, no. 29, no. 32, no. 34, no. 37] Carl-Otto Gensch, Oeko-Institut Yifaat Baron, Oeko-Institut Markus Blepp, Oeko-Institut Katja Moch, Oeko-Institut Susanne Moritz, Oeko-Institut Otmar Deubzer, Fraunhofer Institute for Reliability and Microintegration, IZM 07 June 2016

2 Report for The European Commission Prepared by Oeko-Institut e.v., Institute for Applied Ecology and Fraunhofer-Institut IZM for Environmental and Reliability Engineering Oeko-Institut e.v. Freiburg Head Office, P.O. Box Freiburg, Germany Tel.:+49 (0) Fax +49 (0) Web: Fraunhofer-Institut IZM Gustav-Meyer-Allee Berlin, Germany Tel.: +49 (0)30 / Fax: +49 (0)30 / Web: Approved by: Adrian Gibbs, Eunomia (Peer Review). Carl-Otto Gensch, Oeko Institute e.v (Project Director). Eunomia Research & Consulting Ltd 37 Queen Square, Bristol, BS1 4QS, UK Tel: +44 (0) Fax: +44 (0) Web: Acknowledgements: We would like to express our gratitude towards stakeholders who have taken an active role in the contribution of information concerning the requests for exemption handled in the course of this project. Disclaimer: Eunomia Research & Consulting, Oeko-Institut and Fraunhofer Institute IZM have taken due care in the preparation of this report to ensure that all facts and analysis presented are as accurate as possible within the scope of the project. However no guarantee is provided in respect of the information presented, and Eunomia Research & Consulting, Oeko-Institut and Fraunhofer Institute IZM are not responsible for decisions or actions taken on the basis of the content of this report. ii

3 Executive Summary Under Framework Contract no. ENV.C.2/FRA/2011/0020, a consortium led by Eunomia Research & Consulting was requested by DG Environment of the European Commission to provide technical and scientific support for the evaluation of exemption requests under the new RoHS 2 regime. The work has been undertaken by Oeko-Institut and Fraunhofer Institute IZM, and has been peer reviewed by Eunomia Research & Consulting. E.1.0 Background and Objectives The RoHS Directive 2011/65/EU entered into force on 21 July 2011 and led to the repeal of Directive 2002/95/EC on 3 January The Directive can be considered to have provided for two regimes under which exemptions could be considered, RoHS 1 (the former Directive 2002/95/EC) and RoHS 2 (the current Directive 2011/65/EU). The scope covered by the Directive is now broader as it covers all EEE (as referred to in Articles 2(1) and 3(1)); The former list of exemptions has been transformed in to Annex III and may be valid for all product categories according to the limitations listed in Article 5(2) of the Directive. Annex IV has been added and lists exemptions specific to categories 8 and 9; The RoHS 2 Directive includes the provision that applications for exemptions have to be made in accordance with Annex V. However, even if a number of points are already listed therein, Article 5(8) provides that a harmonised format, as well as comprehensive guidance taking the situation of SMEs into account shall be adopted by the Commission; and The procedure and criteria for the adaptation to scientific and technical progress have changed and now include some additional conditions and points to be considered. These are detailed below. The new Directive details the various criteria for the adaptation of its Annexes to scientific and technical progress. Article 5(1)(a) details the various criteria and issues that must be considered for justifying the addition of an exemption to Annexes III and IV: The first criterion may be seen as a threshold criterion and cross-refers to the REACH Regulation (1907/2006/EC). An exemption may only be granted if it does not weaken the environmental and health protection afforded by REACH; Furthermore, a request for exemption must be found justifiable according to one of the following three conditions: Study to Assess RoHS Exemptions i

4 o Substitution is scientifically or technically impracticable, meaning that a substitute material, or a substitute for the application in which the restricted substance is used, is yet to be discovered, developed and, in some cases, approved for use in the specific application; o The reliability of a substitute is not ensured, meaning that the probability that EEE using the substitute will perform the required function without failure for a period of time comparable to that of the application in which the original substance is included, is lower than for the application itself; o The negative environmental, health and consumer safety impacts of substitution outweigh the benefits thereof. Once one of these conditions is fulfilled, the evaluation of exemptions, including an assessment of the duration needed, shall consider the availability of substitutes and the socio-economic impact of substitution, as well as adverse impacts on innovation, and life cycle analysis concerning the overall impacts of the exemption; and A new aspect is that all exemptions now need to have an expiry date and that they can only be renewed upon submission of a new application. The current study presented here, evaluates a total of 29 exemption renewal requests for existing exemptions approaching their expiry date. E.2.0 Key Findings Overview of the Evaluation Results The exemption requests covered in this project and the applicants concerned, as well as the final recommendations and proposed expiry dates are summarised in Table 1-1. The reader is referred to the corresponding section of this report for more details on the evaluation results. The not legally binding recommendations for the requests for the renewal of exemptions (29 RoHS 2 Annex III exemptions: no. l(a to e - lighting purpose), no. l(f - special purpose), no. 2(a), no. 2(b)(3), no. 2(b)(4), no. 3, no. 4(a), no. 4(b), no. 4(c), no. 4(e), no. 4(f), no. 5(b), no. 6(a), no. 6(b), no. 6(c), no. 7(a), no. 7(c) - I, no. 7(c) - II, no. 7(c) - IV, no. 8(b), no. 9, no. 15, no. 18b, no. 21, no. 24, no. 29, no. 32, no. 34, no. 37) were submitted to the EU Commission by Oeko-Institut and have already been published at the EU CIRCA website on 27 June So far, the Commission has not adopted any revision of the Annex to Directive 2011/65/EU based on these recommendations. ii

5 Table 1-1: Overview of the exemption requests, associated recommendations and expiry dates Exemption No. Wording: Main Entry Sub-Entry Applicant Recommendation: Proposed Exemption Wording Formulation Proposed Duration Comments n. 1 Mercury in single-capped (compact) fluorescent lamps not exceeding (per burner): Mercury in single-capped (compact) fluorescent lamps not exceeding (per burner) a to e (lighting) 1(a) For general lighting purposes < 30 W: 5 mg 1(b) For general lighting purposes 30 W and < 50 W: 5 mg 1(c) For general lighting purposes 50 W and < 150 W: 5 mg 1(d) For general lighting purposes 150 W: 15 mg 1(e) For general lighting purposes with circular or square structural shape and tube diameter 17 mm: 7 mg NARVA Lichtquellen GmbH + Co. KG LightingEurope (a) For general lighting purposes < 30 W: 2.5 mg (b) For general lighting purposes 30 W and < 50 W: 3.5 mg (c) For general lighting purposes 50 W and < 150 W: 5 mg (d) For general lighting purposes 150 W: 15 mg For Cat. 8 and Cat. 9: 21 July 2021; For Sub-Cat. 8 in-vitro: 21 July 2023; For Sub-Cat. industrial: 21 July 2024 For Cat. 5: 21 July 2019; For Cat. 8 and Cat. 9: 21 July 2021; For Sub-Cat. 8 in-vitro: 21 July 2023; For Sub-Cat. 9 industrial: 21 July 2024 The maximum transition period should be granted to other categories (18 months); The COM should consider adopting measures to limit product availability to B2B transactions. Study to Assess RoHS Exemptions iii

6 Exemption No. Wording: Main Entry Sub-Entry Applicant Recommendation: Proposed Exemption Wording Formulation Proposed Duration Comments (e) For general lighting purposes with circular or square structural shape and tube diameter 17 mm 7 mg may be used per burner until , 5 mg may be used per burner after For Cat. 5: 21 July 2019 For Cat. 8 and Cat. 9: 21 July 2021 For Sub- Cat. 8 in-vitro: 21 July 2023 For Sub-Cat. 9 industrial: 21 July 2024 Mercury in single-capped (compact) fluorescent lamps not exceeding (per burner) f (special purpose) 1(f) For special purposes: 5 mg NARVA Lichtquellen GmbH + Co. KG LightingEurope (f)-i For lamps designed to emit light in the ultra-violet spectrum: 5 mg For Cat. 5: 21 July 2021 The maximum transition period should be granted for other applications and other categories (18 months); Integrating this entry into a UV lamp exemption should be considered. iv

7 Exemption No. Wording: Main Entry Sub-Entry Applicant Recommendation: Proposed Exemption Wording Formulation Proposed Duration Comments (f)-ii For special purposes: 5 mg For Cat. 8 and Cat. 9: 21 July 2021; For Sub-Cat. 8 in-vitro: 21 July 2023; For Sub-Cat. 9 industrial: 21 July 2024 The COM should consider adopting measures to limit product availability to B2B transactions. n. 2 (a) (1-5) Mercury in double-capped linear fluorescent lamps for general lighting purposes not exceeding (per lamp): (1) Tri-band phosphor with normal lifetime and a tube diameter < 9 mm (e.g. T2): 5 mg (2) Tri-band phosphor with normal lifetime and a tube diameter 9 mm and 17 mm (e.g. T5): 5 mg (3) Tri-band phosphor with normal lifetime and a tube diameter > 17 mm and 28 mm (e.g. T8): 5 mg (4) Tri-band phosphor with normal lifetime NARVA Lichtquellen GmbH + Co. KG LightingEurope Mercury in double-capped linear fluorescent lamps for general lighting purposes not exceeding (per lamp) 1) Tri-band phosphor with normal lifetime and a tube diameter < 9 mm (e.g. T2): 4 mg (2) Tri-band phosphor with normal lifetime and a tube diameter 9 mm and 17 mm (e.g. T5): 3 mg (3) Tri-band phosphor with normal lifetime and a tube diameter > 17 mm and 28 mm (e.g. T8): 3.5 mg (4) Tri-band phosphor with normal lifetime and a tube diameter > 28 mm (e.g. T12): 3.5 mg For Cat. 5, 8 & 9: 21 July 2021; For Sub-Cat. 8 in-vitro: 21 July 2023; For Sub-Cat. 9 industrial: 21 July 2024 For Cat. 8 & 9: 21 July 2021; For Sub-Cat. 8 in-vitro: 21 July 2023; For Sub-Cat. 9 industrial: 21 July 2024 The maximum transition period should be granted for other applications and other categories (18 months); Study to Assess RoHS Exemptions v

8 Exemption No. Wording: Main Entry Sub-Entry Applicant Recommendation: Proposed Exemption Wording Formulation Proposed Duration Comments and a tube diameter > 28 mm (e.g. T12): 5 mg (5) Tri-band phosphor with long lifetime ( h): 8 mg (5) Tri-band phosphor with long lifetime ( h): 5 mg For Cat. 5, 8 & 9: 21 July 2021; For Sub-Cat. 8 in-vitro: 21 July 2023; For Sub-Cat. 9 industrial: 21 July (b) Mercury in other fluorescent lamps not exceeding (per lamp) n. 2 (b) (3) (3) Non-linear tri-band phosphor lamps with tube diameter > 15 mm (e.g. T9) NARVA Lichtquellen GmbH + Co. KG LightingEurope (3) Non-linear tri-band phosphor lamps with tube diameter > 17 mm (e.g. T9) For Cat. 5: 21 July 2019; For Cat. 8 & 9: 21 July 2021; For Sub-Cat. 8 in-vitro: 21 July 2023; For Sub-Cat. 9 industrial: 21 July 2024 n. 2 (b) (4) (4) Lamps for other general lighting and special purposes (e.g. induction lamps): 15 mg per lamp LightingEurope (I) Lamps for other general lighting and special purposes (e.g. induction lamps); 15 mg may be used per lamp after 31 December 2011 For Cat. 8 & 9: 21 July 2021; For Sub-Cat. 8 in-vitro: 21 July 2023; For Sub-Cat. 9 industrial: 21 July 2024 vi

9 Exemption No. Wording: Main Entry Sub-Entry Applicant Recommendation: Proposed Exemption Wording Formulation Proposed Duration Comments (II) Lamps emitting light in the non-visible spectrum: 15 mg per lamp For Cat. 5: 21 July 2021 Integrating this entry into a UV lamp exemption should be considered. (III) Emergency lamps: 15 mg per lamp For Cat. 5: 21 July 2021 (IV) Mercury in other fluorescent special purpose lamps not specifically mentioned in this Annex: 15mg per lamp For Cat. 5: 21 January 2019 n.3 Mercury in cold cathode fluorescent lamps and external electrode fluorescent lamps (CCFL and EEFL) for special purposes not exceeding (per lamp): Mercury in cold cathode fluorescent lamps and external electrode fluorescent lamps (CCFL and EEFL) for special purposes not exceeding (per lamp): (a) Short length ( 500 mm): 3.5 mg per lamp (b) Medium length (> 500 mm and mm): 5 mg per lamp (c) Long length (> mm): 13 mg per lamp LightingEurope (a) Short length ( 500 mm), 3,5 mg may be used per lamp; (b) Medium length (> 500 mm and mm), 5 mg may be used per lamp; (c) Long length (> mm) 13 mg may be used per lamp For Cat. 8 & 9: 21 July 2021; For Sub-Cat. 8 in-vitro: 21 July 2023; For Sub-Cat. 9 industrial: 21 July 2024 Study to Assess RoHS Exemptions vii

10 Exemption No. Wording: Main Entry Sub-Entry Applicant Recommendation: Proposed Exemption Wording Formulation Proposed Duration Comments (d) Short length ( 500 mm), 3,5 mg may be used per lamp in EEE placed on the market before 22 July 2016* (e) Medium length (> 500 mm and mm), 5 mg may be used per lamp in EEE placed on the market before 22 July 2016* (f) Long length (> mm) 13 mg may be used per lamp in EEE placed on the market before 22 July 2016* (g) For back-lighting liquid crystal displays, not exceeding 5 mg per lamp, used in industrial monitoring and control instruments placed on the market before 22 July 2017 For Cat. 5: 21 July 2021 Alternative a: For Cat. 5: 21 July 2021; or Alternative b: For Sub- Cat. industrial: 21 July 2024 *or before the EC s decision date on this exemptions renewal To be considered should Ex. 35 of Annex IV be transferred to Annex III n.4 (a) Mercury in other low pressure discharge lamps (per lamp): 15 mg per lamp NARVA Lichtquellen GmbH + Co. KG LightingEurope 4(a)-I: Mercury in low pressure non-phosphor coated discharge lamps, where the application requires the main range of the lamp-spectral output to be in the UV spectrum; up to 15 mg mercury may be used per lamp. For Cat. 5: 21 July 2021 The maximum transition period should be granted for other applications and other categories (18 months); viii

11 Exemption No. Wording: Main Entry Sub-Entry Applicant Recommendation: Proposed Exemption Wording Formulation Proposed Duration Comments 4(a)-II: Mercury in other low pressure discharge lamps (15 mg may be used per lamp) For Cat. 8 and Cat. 9: 21 July 2021; For Sub-Cat. 8 in-vitro: 21 July 2023; For Sub-Cat. 9 industrial: 21 July 2024 n.4 (b) Mercury in High Pressure Sodium (vapour) lamps for general lighting purposes not exceeding (per burner) in lamps with improved colour rendering index Ra > 60: Mercury in High Pressure Sodium (vapour) lamps for general lighting purposes not exceeding (per burner) in lamps with improved colour rendering index Ra > 60: I) P 155 W: 30 mg per burner II) 155 W < P 405 W: 40 mg per burner III) P > 405 W: 40 mg per burner LightingEurope (I) P 155 W; 30 mg may be used per burner (II) 155 W < P 405 W; 40 mg may be used per burner (III) P > 405 W; 40 mg may be used per burner For Cat. 5, 8 & 9: 21 July 2021; For Sub-Cat. 8 in-vitro: 21 July 2023; For Sub-Cat. industrial: 21 July 2024 For Cat. 8 & 9: 21 July 2021; For Sub-Cat. 8 in-vitro: 21 July 2023; For Sub-Cat. 9 industrial: 21 July 2024 It is understood that these lamps are no longer placed on the market. Thus the exemption appears to have become obsolete, however is specified for Cat. 8 and Cat. 9 in light of Article 5(2). Study to Assess RoHS Exemptions ix

12 Exemption No. Wording: Main Entry Sub-Entry Applicant Recommendation: Proposed Exemption Wording Formulation Proposed Duration Comments n.4 (c) Mercury in other High Pressure Sodium (vapour) lamps for general lighting purposes not exceeding (per burner) Mercury in other High Pressure Sodium (vapour) lamps for general lighting purposes not exceeding (per burner): I) P 155 W: 25 mg per burner II) 155 W < P 405 W: 30 mg per burner III) P > 405 W: 40 mg per burner LightingEurope (I) P 155 W; 25 mg may be used per burner after 31 December 2011 (II) 155 W < P 405 W; 30 mg may be used per burner after 31 December 2011 (III) P > 405 W; 40 mg may be used per burner after 31 December 2011 (IV) P 405 W; 20 mg may be used per burner (V) P > 405 W; 25 mg may be used per burner For Cat. 5: 31 August 2018; For Cat. 8 & 9: 21 July 2021; For Sub-Cat. 8 in-vitro: 21 July 2023; For Sub-Cat. 9 industrial: 21 July 2024 For Cat. 5: from 1 September 2018 until 21 July 2021 n.4(e) Mercury in metal halide lamps (MH) LightingEurope Mercury in metal halide lamps (MH) For Cat. 5, 8 & 9: 21 July 2021; For Sub-Cat. 8 in-vitro: 21 July 2023; For Sub-Cat. 9 industrial: 21 July 2024 x

13 Exemption No. Wording: Main Entry Sub-Entry Applicant Recommendation: Proposed Exemption Wording Formulation Proposed Duration Comments (I) Mercury in other discharge lamps for special purposes not specifically mentioned in this Annex For Cat. 8 & 9: 21 July 2021; For Sub-Cat. 8 in-vitro: 21 July 2023; For Sub-Cat. industrial: 21 July 2024 n.4(f) Mercury in other discharge lamps for special purposes not specifically mentioned in this Annex VskE Lighting Europe VDMA (II) Mercury in high pressure mercury vapour lamps used in projectors where an output 2000 lumen ANSI is required For Cat. 5: 21 July 2021 (III) Mercury in high pressure sodium vapour lamps used for horticulture lighting For Cat. 5: 21 July 2021 (IV) Mercury in lamps emitting light in the ultraviolet spectrum for curing and disinfection For Cat. 5: 21 July 2021 For Cat. 5: 21 July 2021; n.5(b) Lead in glass of fluorescent tubes not exceeding 0,2 % by weight LightingEurope Lead in glass of fluorescent tubes not exceeding 0,2 % by weight For Cat. 8 and Cat. 9: 21 July 2021; For Sub-Cat. 8 in-vitro: 21 July 2023; For Sub-Cat. 9 industrial: 21 July 2024 Study to Assess RoHS Exemptions xi

14 Exemption No. Wording: Main Entry Sub-Entry Applicant Recommendation: Proposed Exemption Wording Formulation Proposed Duration Comments n.6(a) Lead as an alloying element in steel for machining purposes and in galvanised steel containing up to 0,35 % lead by weight Dunkermotoren; The European Steel Association (EUROFER) and European General Galvanizers Association (EGGA) Sensata Technologies I) Lead as an alloying element in steel for machining purposes containing up to 0,35 % lead by weight II) Lead in batch hot dip galvanized steel components containing up to 0.2% lead by weight III) Lead as an alloying element in steel for machining purposes and in galvanized steel containing up to 0,35 % lead by weight For Cat. 1-7 and 10 and 11: 21 July 2019 For Cat. 1-7 and 10 and 11: 21 July 2021 For Cat. 8 and 9: 21 July 2021; For Sub-Cat. 8 in-vitro: 21 July 2023; For Sub-Cat. 9 industrial: 21 July 2024 Lead as an alloying element in aluminium n.6(b) Lead as an alloying element in aluminium containing up to 0,4 % lead by weight AISBL - EAA Sensata Technologies Dunkermotoren I) with a lead content up to 0.4 % by weight, used for the production of parts not machined with shape cutting chipping technologies For Cat. 1-7 and 10 and 11: 21 July 2021 II) for machining purposes with a lead content up to 0.4 % by weight For Cat. 1-11: 21 July 2021 xii

15 Exemption No. Wording: Main Entry Sub-Entry Applicant Recommendation: Proposed Exemption Wording Formulation Proposed Duration Comments III) Lead as an alloying element in aluminium containing up to 0,4 % lead by weight For Cat. 8 and 9: 21 July 2021; For Sub-Cat. 8 in-vitro: 21 July 2023; For Sub-Cat. 9 industrial: 21 July 2024 n.6(c) Copper alloy containing up to 4 % lead by weight Bourns Inc. Dunkermotoren Framo Morat Group Sensata Technologies Phoenix Contact GmbH &Co KG; Harting KGaA Lighting Europe Copper alloy containing up to 4% lead by weight For Cat. 1-7 and 10 and 11: 21 July 2019; For Cat. 8 and 9: 21 July 2021; For Sub-Cat. 8 in-vitro: 21 July 2023; For Sub-Cat. 9 industrial: 21 July 2024 n.7(a) Lead in high melting temperature type solders (i.e. lead-based alloys containing 85 % by weight or more lead) Bourns Inc. IXYS Semiconductor GmbH Chenmko Enterprise Co., Ltd Yeashin Technology Co., Ltd Freescale Semiconductor Formosa Microsemi Co., Ltd. I) Lead in high melting temperature type solders (i.e. lead-based alloys containing 85 % by weight or more lead) For Cat. 8 and 9: 21 July 2021; For Sub-Cat. 8 in-vitro: 21 July 2023; For Sub-Cat. 9 industrial: 21 July 2024 Lead in high melting temperature type solders (i.e. lead-based alloys containing 85 % by weight or more lead) II) in all applications not addressed in items III and IV, For categories 1 to 7 and 10: 21 July 2021 See exemption report for alternative Study to Assess RoHS Exemptions xiii

16 Exemption No. Wording: Main Entry Sub-Entry Applicant Recommendation: Proposed Exemption Wording Formulation Proposed Duration Comments but excluding applications in the scope of exemption 24 wording proposal for 7(a)(II-IV). III) for die attach IV) for electrical connections on or near the voice coil in power transducers For categories 1 to 7 and 10: 21 July 2019 n.7(c)-i Electrical and electronic components containing lead in a glass or ceramic other than dielectric ceramic in capacitors, e.g. piezoelectronic devices, or in a glass or ceramic matrix compound Bourns Inc. Sensata Technologies YAGEO Corporation RALEC TECHNOLOGY (KUNSHAN) CO. BANDELN electronic GmbH&Co.KG RALEC TECHNOLOGY (KUNSHAN) CO. Japan Electronics & Information Technology Industries Association Murata Elektronik GmbH EPCOS AG VISHAY BC 7(c)-I: Electrical and electronic components containing lead in a ceramic other than dielectric ceramic in discrete capacitor components, e.g. piezoelectronic devices 7(c)-V: Electrical and electronic components containing lead in a glass or in a glass or ceramic matrix compound. This exemption does not cover the use of lead in the scope of exemption 34 (cermet-based trimmer potentiometers). For categories 1-7 and 10: 21 July 2019 For categories 1-7 and 10: 21 July 2021 See exemption report for alternative wording proposal for 7(c)-I See exemption report for alternative wording proposal for 7(c)-I xiv

17 Exemption No. Wording: Main Entry Sub-Entry Applicant Recommendation: Proposed Exemption Wording Formulation Proposed Duration Comments components BEYSCHLAG GmbH SCHOTT AG 7(d): Electrical and electronic components containing lead in a glass or ceramic other than dielectric ceramic in capacitors, e.g. piezoelectronic devices, or in a glass or ceramic matrix compound For Cat. 8 and 9: 21 July 2021; For Sub-Cat. 8 in-vitro: 21 July 2023; For Sub-Cat. 9 industrial: 21 July 2024 See exemption report for alternative wording proposal for 7(c)-I n.7(c)-ii Lead in dielectric ceramic in capacitors for a rated voltage of 125 V AC or 250 V DC or higher Murata Elektronik GmbH EPCOS AG VISHAY BC components BEYSCHLAG GmbH JEITA(Japan Electronics & Information Technology Industries Association) Lead in dielectric ceramic in capacitors for a rated voltage of 125 V AC or 250 V DC or higher Lead in dielectric ceramic in discrete capacitor components for a rated voltage of 125 V AC or higher, or for a rated voltage of 250 V DC or higher For Cat. 8 and 9: 21 July 2021; For Sub-Cat. 8 in-vitro: 21 July 2023; For Sub-Cat. 9 industrial: 21 July 2024 For Cat. 1-7 and 10: 21 July 2019 n.7(c)-iii Recommended modified wording Lead in dielectric ceramic in discrete capacitor components for a rated voltage of less than 125 V AC, or for a rated voltage of less than 250 V DC 1 January 2013 and after that date may be used in spare parts for EEE placed on the market before 1 January 2013 Study to Assess RoHS Exemptions xv

18 Exemption No. Wording: Main Entry Sub-Entry Applicant Recommendation: Proposed Exemption Wording Formulation Proposed Duration Comments n.7(c)-iv Lead in PZT-based dielectric ceramic materials for capacitors which are part of integrated circuits or discrete semiconductors ST Microelectronics Lead in PZT-based dielectric ceramic materials of capacitors being part of integrated circuits or discrete semiconductors For Cat. 1-7 and 10: 21 July 2019; For Cat. 8 and 9: 21 July 2021; For Sub-Cat. 8 in-vitro: 21 July 2023; For Sub-Cat. 9 industrial: 21 July 2024 n.8(b) Cadmium and its compounds in electrical contacts Sensata Technologies National Electrical Manufacturers Association 8(b) Cadmium and its compounds in electrical contacts 8(c): Cadmium and its compounds in electrical contacts of For Cat. 8 and 9: 21 July 2021; For Sub-Cat. 8 in-vitro: 21 July 2023; For Sub-Cat. 9 industrial: 21 July 2024 (I) circuit breakers (II) thermal motor protectors excluding hermetically sealed thermal motor protectors For Cat. 1-7 and 10: 21 July 2021 xvi

19 Exemption No. Wording: Main Entry Sub-Entry Applicant Recommendation: Proposed Exemption Wording Formulation Proposed Duration Comments (III) thermal sensing controls For Cat. 1-7 and 10: 21 July 2019 (IV) AC switches rated at 6 A and more in combination with 250 V AC and more Applies to EEE in Cat. 1 to 5, 7 and 10 (V) AC switches rated at 12 A and more in combination with 125 V AC and more For Cat. 1 to 5, 7 and 10: 21 July 2019 (VI) AC switches for corded tools rated at 6 A and more in combination with 250 V AC and more (VII) AC switches for corded tools rated at 12 A and more in combination with 125 V AC and more (VIII) DC switches for cordless tools with a rated current of 20 A and more in combination with at a rated voltage of 18 V DC and more Applies to Cat. 6 EEE: 21 July 2021 (IX) switches for tools conceived to be used with power supplies of 200 Hz and more Study to Assess RoHS Exemptions xvii

20 Exemption No. Wording: Main Entry Sub-Entry Applicant Recommendation: Proposed Exemption Wording Formulation Proposed Duration Comments Hexavalent chromium as an anticorrosion agent applied in carbon steel cooling systems of absorption refrigerators of applications: n.9 Hexavalent chromium as an anticorrosion agent of the carbon steel cooling system in absorption refrigerators up to 0,75 % by weight in the cooling solution Dometic (I) designed to operate with electrical heater only, with up to 0,75 % by weight in the cooling solution (II) designed to operate with variable energy sources For Cat. 1: (three years) (III) designed to operate with other than an electrical heater n.15 Lead in solders to complete a viable electrical connection between semiconductor die and carrier within integrated circuit flip chip packages Intel Corporation I) Lead in solders to complete a viable electrical connection between semiconductor die and carrier within integrated circuit flip chip packages For Cat. 8 and 9: 21 July 2021; For Sub-Cat. 8 in-vitro: 21 July 2023; For Sub-Cat. 9 industrial: 21 July 2024 xviii

21 Exemption No. Wording: Main Entry Sub-Entry Applicant Recommendation: Proposed Exemption Wording Formulation Proposed Duration Comments II) Lead in solders to complete a viable electrical connection between semiconductor die and the carrier within integrated circuit flip chip packages where one of the below criteria applies: a) A semiconductor technology node of 90 nm or larger For categories 1-7 and 10: 21 July 2019 b) A single die of 300 mm 2 or larger in any semiconductor technology node For categories 1-7 and 10: 21 July 2021 c) Stacked die packages with dies of 300 mm² or larger, or silicon interposers of 300 mm 2 or larger For categories 1-7 and 10: 21 July 2021 d) Flip chip on lead frame (FCOL) packages with a rated current of 3 A or higher and dies smaller than 300 mm² The exemption cannot be recommended but is added here in case the Commission would decide that it should be granted Study to Assess RoHS Exemptions xix

22 Exemption No. Wording: Main Entry Sub-Entry Applicant Recommendation: Proposed Exemption Wording Formulation Proposed Duration Comments n.18(b) Lead as activator in the fluorescent powder (1 % lead by weight or less) of discharge lamps when used as sun tanning lamps containing phosphors such as BSP (BaSi 2 O 5 :Pb) NARVA Lichtquellen GmbH + Co. KG Lighting Europe Lead as activator in the fluorescent powder (1 % lead by weight or less) of discharge lamps containing phosphors such as BSP (BaSi2O5 :Pb), when used: I. in tanning equipment; or II. in Annex I category 8 medical phototherapy equipment - excluding applications falling under point 34 of Annex IV For Cat. 5: 21 July 2021 n.21 Lead and cadmium in printing inks for the application of enamels on glasses, such as borosilicate and soda lime glasses Lighting Europe I. Cd when used in colour printed glass to provide filtering functions, used as a component in lighting applications installed in displays and control panels of EEE II. Alternative A: Cadmium in printing inks for the application of enamels on glasses, such as borosilicate and soda lime glasses, when used to comply with harmonised standards specifying the use of For Cat. 1-7 and 10: 21 July 2021 For Cat. 1-7 and 10: 21 July 2021 The EU Commission should consider if it would not be more beneficial to add this entry to Ex. 13b. The EU Commission could consider providing a shorter validity period so as to promote the supply chain to develop a strategy for research and xx

23 Exemption No. Wording: Main Entry Sub-Entry Applicant Recommendation: Proposed Exemption Wording Formulation Proposed Duration Comments particular hues for safety applications. Alternative B: Cadmium in printing inks for the application of enamels on glasses, such as borosilicate and soda lime glasses, excluding Cd used in colour printed glass to provide filtering functions. development of alternatives for Cdbased inks. III. Lead in printing inks for the application of enamels on other than borosilicate glasses. For Cat. 1-4, 6,7 and 10: 21 July 2019 The recommended period should suffice to establish the reliability of Pb-free substitutes in other than borosilicate glasses. Study to Assess RoHS Exemptions xxi

24 Exemption No. Wording: Main Entry Sub-Entry Applicant Recommendation: Proposed Exemption Wording Formulation Proposed Duration Comments IV. Lead and cadmium in printing inks for the application of enamels on glasses, such as borosilicate and soda lime glasses For Cat. 8 and Cat. 9: 21 July 2021; For Sub-Cat. 8 in-vitro: 21 July 2023; For Sub-Cat. 9 industrial: 21 July 2024; As it can be understood that the exemption duration may vary for various categories on the basis of Article 5(2), expiration dates have been specified here on the basis of the validity periods specified in Article 5(2) for categories, which are newly in scope. For Cat. 1-7 and 10: 21 January 2019; n.24 Lead in solders for the soldering to machined through hole discoidal and planar array ceramic multilayer capacitors Knowles Lead in solders for the soldering to machined through hole discoidal and planar array ceramic multilayer capacitors For Cat. 8 and Cat. 9: 21 July 2021; For Sub-Cat. 8 in-vitro: 21 July 2023; For Sub-Cat. 9 industrial: 21 July 2024; xxii

25 Exemption No. Wording: Main Entry Sub-Entry Applicant Recommendation: Proposed Exemption Wording Formulation Proposed Duration Comments n.29 Lead bound in crystal glass as defined in Annex I (Categories 1, 2, 3 and 4) of Council Directive 69/493/EEC ( 1 ) EUROPEAN DOMESTIC GLASS and LightingEurope Lead bound in crystal glass as defined in Directive 69/493/EEC For Cat. 1-10: 21 July 2021 For Sub-Cat. 8 in-vitro: 21 July 2023 For Sub-Cat. industrial: 21 July 2024 n.32 Lead oxide in seal frit used for making window assemblies for Argon and Krypton laser tubes Coherent Inc. JDSU Lead oxide in seal frit used for making window assemblies for Argon and Krypton laser tubes For Cat. 1-10: 21 July 2021 For Sub-Cat. 8 in-vitro: 21 July 2023 For Sub-Cat. industrial: 21 July 2024 For Cat. 1-7 and 10: 21 July 2019; n.34 Lead in cermet-based trimmer potentiometer elements General Electric Lead in cermet-based trimmer potentiometers For Cat. 8 and Cat. 9: 21 July 2021; For Sub-Cat. 8 in-vitro: 21 July 2023; For Sub-Cat. 9 industrial: 21 July 2024; Study to Assess RoHS Exemptions xxiii

26 Exemption No. Wording: Main Entry Sub-Entry Applicant Recommendation: Proposed Exemption Wording Formulation Proposed Duration Comments n.37 Lead in the plating layer of high voltage diodes on the basis of a zinc borate glass body IXYS Semiconductor GmbH General Electric Lead in the plating layer of high voltage diodes on the basis of a zinc borate glass body For categories 1-7 and 10: 21 July 2019; For Cat. 8 and 9: 21 July 2021; For Sub-Cat. 8 in-vitro: 21 July 2023; For Sub-Cat. 9 industrial: 21 July 2024 The report includes the following sections: Section 1.0: Project Set-up Section 2.0: Scope Section 3.0: Links from the Directive to the REACH Regulation Sections 4.0 through 34.0: Evaluation of the requested exemptions handled in the course of this project. xxiv

27 Contents E.1.0 E.2.0 Background and Objectives... i Key Findings Overview of the Evaluation Results... ii 1.0 Project Set-up Scope Links from the Directive to the REACH Regulation Exemptions 1-4 Regarding the Use of Mercury in Lamps General Aspects Background Annex I Category Covered by this Exemption Justification for the Exemption Renewals Amount of Mercury Used under the Exemptions Alternatives to Hg-based Discharge Lamps Environmental Arguments Socio-economic Impact of Substitution Road Map to Substitution The Minamata Convention Stakeholder Contributions Critical Review REACH Compliance Relation to the REACH Regulation Scientific and Technical Practicability of Substitution Environmental Arguments Safety Aspects Road Map to Substitution The Minamata Convention Stakeholder Contributions The Scope of the Exemption References Exemptions 1-4 General Aspects Exemption 1(a-e): "Mercury in single capped (compact) fluorescent lamps not exceeding (per burner) Background Amount of Lead Used under the Exemption Study to Assess RoHS Exemptions xxv

28 5.2 Description of Requested Exemption Applicant s Justification for Exemption Possible Alternatives for Substituting RoHS Substances Possible Alternatives for Eliminating RoHS Substances The Minamata Convention Roadmap to Substitution Stakeholder Contributions Critical Review Scientific and Technical Practicability of Substitution Environmental Arguments Stakeholder Contributions The Scope of the Exemption Conclusions Recommendation References Exemption 1(a-e) General Recommendation Regarding Exemptions for Special Purpose Lamps Exemption 1(f): Mercury in single capped (compact) fluorescent lamps not exceeding (per burner) For Special purposes: 5 mg Background Applicant s Justification for Exemption Possible Alternatives for Substituting RoHS Substances Possible Alternatives for Eliminating RoHS Substances Environmental Arguments Road Map to Substitution Stakeholder Contributions Critical Review Scientific and Technical Practicability of Substitution Environmental Arguments The Scope of the Exemption Exemption Wording Formulation Conclusions Recommendation xxvi

29 7.6 References Exemption (1f) Exemption 2(a)(1-5): " Mercury in double-capped linear fluorescent lamps for general lighting purposes not exceeding (per lamp): [various entries] Background Description of Requested Exemption Amount of Mercury Used under the Exemption Applicant s Justification for Exemption Possible Alternatives for Substituting RoHS Substances Possible Alternatives for Eliminating RoHS Substances Environmental Arguments The Minamata Convention Road Map to Substitution Stakeholder Contributions Critical Review Scientific and Technical Practicability of Substitution Environmental Arguments Stakeholder Contributions Conclusions Recommendation References Exemption 2(a)(1-5) Exemption 2(b)(3): "Mercury in other fluorescent lamps not exceeding (per lamp): (3) Non-linear tri-band phosphor lamps with tube diameter > 17 mm (e.g. T9) Background Description of Requested Exemption Amount of Mercury Used under the Exemption Applicant s Justification for Exemption Possible Alternatives for Substituting RoHS Substances Possible Alternatives for Eliminating RoHS Substances Environmental Arguments Road Map to Substitution Stakeholder Contributions Critical Review Study to Assess RoHS Exemptions xxvii

30 9.5.1 Scientific and Technical Practicability of Substitution Environmental Arguments Stakeholder Contributions Conclusions Recommendation References Exemption 2(b)(3) Exemption 2(b)4: Lamps for other general lighting and special purposes (e.g. induction lamps): 15 mg may be used per lamp after 31 December Background Description of Requested Exemption Applicant s Justification for Exemption Possible Alternatives for Substituting RoHS Substances Possible Alternatives for Eliminating RoHS Substances Environmental Arguments Socio-economic Impact of Substitution Road Map to Substitution Stakeholder Contributions Critical Review Scientific and Technical Practicability of Substitution Environmental Arguments Stakeholder Contributions The Scope of the Exemption Exemption Wording Formulation Conclusions Recommendation References Exemption 2(b) Exemption 3(a-c): "Mercury in other fluorescent lamps not exceeding (per lamp): (3) Non-linear tri-band phosphor lamps with tube diameter > 15 mm (e.g. T9) Background Description of Requested Exemption Amount of Mercury Used under the Exemption Applicant s Justification for Exemption xxviii

31 Possible Alternatives for Substituting RoHS Substances Possible Alternatives for Eliminating RoHS Substances Environmental Arguments Roadmap to Substitution Stakeholder Contributions Critical Review Scientific and Technical Practicability of Substitution Environmental Arguments Stakeholder Contributions Scope Conclusions Recommendation References Exemption 3(a-c): Exemption 4(a)"Mercury in other low pressure discharge lamps (per lamp): (a) 15 mg per lamp" Background Description of Requested Exemption Amount of Mercury Used under the Exemption Applicant s Justification for Exemption Possible Alternatives for Substituting RoHS Substances Possible Alternatives for Eliminating RoHS Substances Road Map to Substitution Stakeholder Contributions Critical Review Scientific and Technical Practicability of Substitution Environmental Arguments The Scope of the Exemption Exemption Wording Formulation Conclusions Recommendation References Exemption 4(a) Study to Assess RoHS Exemptions xxix

32 13.0 Exemption 4(b)(I-III): " Mercury in High Pressure Sodium (vapour) lamps for general lighting purposes not exceeding (per burner) in lamps with improved colour rendering index Ra > Background Description of Requested Exemption Amount of Mercury Used under the Exemption Applicant s Justification for Exemption Possible Alternatives for Substituting RoHS Substances Possible Alternatives for Eliminating RoHS Substances Environmental Arguments Road Map to Substitution Stakeholder Contributions Critical Review Scientific and Technical Practicability of Substitution Environmental Arguments Stakeholder Contributions Conclusions Recommendation References Exemption 4(b)(I-III): Exemption 4(c)(I-III): "Mercury in other High Pressure Sodium (Vapour) Lamps for General Lighting Purposes not Exceeding (Per Burner): Background Description of Requested Exemption Amount of Mercury Used under the Exemption Applicant s Justification for Exemption Possible Alternatives for Substituting RoHS Substances Possible Alternatives for Eliminating RoHS Substances Environmental Arguments Road Map to Substitution Stakeholder Contributions Critical Review Scientific and Technical Practicability of Substitution Environmental Arguments xxx

33 Stakeholder Contributions Conclusions Recommendation References Exemption 4(c)(I-III): Exemption 4(e): "Mercury in Metal Halide Lamps (MH) Background Description of Requested Exemption Amount of Mercury Used under the Exemption Applicant s Justification for Exemption Possible Alternatives for Substituting RoHS Substances Possible Alternatives for Eliminating RoHS Substances Environmental Arguments Road Map to Substitution Stakeholder Contributions Critical Review Scientific and Technical Practicability of Substitution Environmental Arguments Stakeholder Contributions Conclusions Recommendation References Exemption 4(e): Exemption 4(f): "Mercury in other discharge lamps for special purposes not specifically mentioned in this Annex Background Description of Requested Exemption The Scope of the Exemption Specified Lamp Technologies/Applications Falling under Ex. 4(f) Amount of Mercury Used under the Exemption Applicant s Justification for Exemption Possible Alternatives for Substituting RoHS Substances Possible Alternatives for Eliminating RoHS Substances Environmental Arguments Study to Assess RoHS Exemptions xxxi

34 Socio-economic Impact of Substitution Roadmap to Substitution Stakeholder Contributions Critical Review Scientific and Technical Practicability of Substitution Environmental Arguments Stakeholder Contributions Conclusions Recommendation References Exemption 4(f): Exemption 5(b): "Lead in glass of fluorescent tubes not exceeding 0,2 % by weight Background Amount of Lead Used under the Exemption Description of Requested Exemption Applicant s Justification for Exemption Possible Alternatives for Substitution Environmental Arguments Socio-economic Impact of Substitution Stakeholder Contributions Critical Review REACH Compliance Relation to the REACH Regulation Scientific and Technical Practicability of Substitution, environmental arguments Stakeholder Contributions The Scope of the Exemption Conclusions Recommendation References Exemption 5b Exemption 6a: "Lead as an alloying element in steel for machining purposes and in galvanised steel containing up to 0,35 % lead by weight" Background Amount of Lead Used under the Exemption xxxii

35 18.2 Description of Requested Exemption Applicant s Justification for Exemption Possible Alternatives for Substituting RoHS Substances Possibilities for Reducing RoHS Substances Environmental Arguments Socio-economic Impact of Substitution Road Map to Substitution Stakeholder Contributions Critical Review REACH Compliance Relation to the REACH Regulation Scientific and Technical Practicability of Substitution Possibilities for Reducing RoHS Substances Environmental Arguments Stakeholder Contributions The Scope of the Exemption Exemption Wording Formulation Conclusions Recommendation References Exemption 6a Exemption 6b: "Lead as an alloying element in aluminium containing up to 0,4 % lead by weight" Background History of the Exemption Amount of Lead Used under the Exemption Description of Requested Exemption Applicant s Justification for Exemption Possible Alternatives for Substituting RoHS Substances Environmental Arguments Socio-Economic Impact of Substitution Roadmap to Substitution Stakeholder Contributions Critical Review Study to Assess RoHS Exemptions xxxiii

36 REACH Compliance - Relation to the REACH Regulation Scientific and Technical Practicability of Substitution Environmental Arguments Stakeholder Contributions The Scope of the Exemption Exemption Wording Formulation Conclusions Recommendation References Exemption 6b Exemption 6c: "Copper alloy containing up to 4% lead by weight" Background Amount of Lead Used under the Exemption Description of Requested Exemption Applicant s Justification for Exemption Possible Alternatives for Substituting RoHS Substances Possible Alternatives for Eliminating RoHS Substances Environmental Arguments Socio-economic Impact of Substitution Road Map to Substitution Stakeholder Contributions Critical Review REACH Compliance - Relation to the REACH Regulation Scientific and Technical Practicability of Substitution Possible Alternatives for Eliminating or Reducing RoHS Substances Environmental Arguments Stakeholder Contributions The Scope of the Exemption Exemption Wording Formulation Conclusions Recommendation References Exemption 6c Exemption 7a xxxiv

37 21.1 Description of the Requested Exemption Overview of the Submitted Exemption Requests Background and History of the Exemption Technical Description of the Requested Exemption Amount of Lead Used Under Exemption 7(a) Applicants Justification for the Continuation or Repealment of the Exemption Substitution of LHMPS by Lead-free Solders and Conductive Adhesives Elimination of LHMPS Substitution and Elimination of Lead in High Power Transducers (Bosch) Other Stakeholder Contributions Environmental Impacts Roadmap for Substitution or Elimination of Lead Critical Review REACH Compliance - Relation to the REACH Regulation Substitution and Elimination of Lead in High Power Transducers (Bosch) Substitution and Elimination of Lead Die Attach Substitution and Elimination of Lead in Other Applications of LHMPS Specification of Exemption 7(a) Conclusions Recommendation Wording of Exemption 7(a) Applicants Statements Concerning the Split of Exemption 7(a) References Exemption 7(a) Exemption 7c-I: Electrical and electronic components containing lead in a glass or ceramic other than dielectric ceramic in capacitors, e.g. piezoelectronic devices, or in a glass or ceramic matrix compound Background and History of the Exemption Description of the Requested Exemption Overview of the Submitted Exemption Requests Technical Background of the Requests for Renewal of Exemption 7c-I (Murata/JEITA et al.) Study to Assess RoHS Exemptions xxxv