Human Resources Development System, Policy and the Contributions of HRD to Economic Growth in South Korea
|
|
- Junior Ramsey
- 7 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Human Resources Development System, Policy and the Contributions of HRD to Economic Growth in South Korea Chang-Won Jang Senior Research Fellow Korea Research Institute for Vocational Education & Training
2 Contents.. Introduction.. HRD systems in South Korea.. The Contributions of Education to Economic Growth.. Current Situation and Direction of Human Policy in South Korea.. Korean Labor Takes a Global Perspective.. A New Paradigm of Labor Supply & Demand
3 I. Introduction
4 1. Global Trends in Human Resource Development Trends in Human Resource Development Macro HRD at the government level In regard to macro HRD, as it is initiated by governments, the main concern is strengthening overall national competitiveness in the global marketplace Micro HRD at the enterprise level, of late, appears to primarily take the form of organizational reform, company policy revisions toward greater productivity, and incentive programs aimed at boosting performance among individual employees
5 Evaluation in HRD Systems First, both governments and companies are increasing investment in HRD Second, the key change in development systems is the move away from "supplier-centered" education and training systems that are planned and controlled by the central government. Now flexibly responding to labor market demand, programs are more region-specific and are conceived through a decentralized decision-making process Third, countries around the world are trying to develop cost- efficient yet effective education and training programs, and design evaluation programs to be used to assess implemented programs on a regular basis so as to identify areas of improvement.
6 Fourth, a wide variety of continuing education programs are under active development in many countries across the world. Fifth, with the dawning of the age of knowledge and information, college graduates worldwide have emerged as a leading component of workforces. Accordingly, one of the main focuses in educational reforms worldwide is widening access to higher education and enhancing the quality of higher education.
7 HRD Projects around the World First, policy focus is laid on information-related related skills training to provide future workforces with the necessary abilities to meet information-age age labor market requirements. Second, comprehensive continuing education systems are under construction. This phenomenon is a response to the shortened lifecycle of knowledge, making learning a lifelong requirement, due once again to the fastchanging technological environment. Third, skills and competencies specifically demanded by the knowledge and information age are becoming the priority in education. These competencies are basic job skills, general knowledge and specialized knowledge.
8 Fourth, institutes of higher education are integrating vocational training into curriculums. Fifth, school system reforms are being pursued with the goal of creating viable schools, adapted to a knowledgebased society.
9 2. Historical Background of South Korea Education Market Korea started in the early 1960s as a typical labor- surplus economy with a scarce endowment of natural resources In the 20 years following 1945, the number of College students increased almost 20-fold Middle and high school students about 15-fold fold
10 As a result, by 1965 Korea's human resource development had exceeded the norm for a country with three times its median per capita GNP Primary driving forces was parents education belief of
11 The education explosion continued after early 1960s through 90s is well above even OECD standards. Impressive achievement of quantitative aspect of Korean education: More than 80 percent of high school graduates advance to the tertiary educational institutes within the couple of years after graduation. Impressive achievement of quality aspect of Korean education: Especially good in primary and secondary schools as far as their performances on international standardized tests are concerned.
12 This human resource situation has been conductive to the rapid growth of the export-led labor-intensive manufacturing sector during 60s and 70s This human resource situation has continued to work especially for the rapid expansion of the exported heavy and chemical industries during 80s and 90s
13 The Korean economy such as industrial structural change toward an OECD-type mature economy becomes increasingly dependent on technology-intensive and knowledge-intensive growth The coming age of globalization and information also accelerates trends toward this direction. Then, will educational institutions produce the "right human resources" to meet the rapidly changing demand for labor in the coming 21st century?
14 3. The Changes and Challenges of South Korea 1) The transfer into knowledge economy (KE) In the 21st century, a high technology, information and communication industry, and a sophisticated service industry will make up the core section of the economy, which means that society will become more knowledge and information centered. In Korea, it is expected that an industry based on knowledge and a service sector related to information technology will play an important role in creating job opportunities in the next five year. Meanwhile, it is also expected that the size of the industry relying on labor force and monetary investment will decrease.
15 2) Role of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) In sum, a brief overview of the KE debate suggests the following: The KE is substantially an effect of innovations in the ICT sectors, taking place in a globalized market The KE is more than the sum of the technological and economic processes associated with ICT The challenge of the KE lies particularly in its impact on productivity, growth and competitiveness Inclusion in the global KE is essential for high standards of income, comparable with those of successful KEs. These conclusions set the scene for a discussion of HRD issues associated with the KE.
16 3) The change of the employment structure The Uncertainty of the labor market is expected to increase with the rapid change of the economic and industrial structure The shift of the labor forces will occur with globalization, a rapid change of the industrial structure, and the advent of knowledge and information oriented industry In Korea, moving to the other workplaces to suit their capabilities and preference The variety of types of employment, such as part-time time employment and working at home, will become more prevalent
17 4) The advancement of tertiary education The entering rate of tertiary education from general and vocational high schools has increased from 27.2% in 1980 to 82.5% in The advancement of tertiary education
18 5) The aging society Since 1960, the birth rate has decreased, resulting in the gradual decrease in the number of adolescents. The number of the population aged has slightly increased from 310 million in 1998 to 323 million in 2000; however, it is expected that the figure will sharply decrease to 261 million in 2005 (Korea National Statistical Office, 1996).
19 4. New Paradigm for HRD The need for continuing education and life-long long education is increasing continuously in the labor market. A society based on knowledge and information technology needs employees who are creative and able to adapt rapid changes in society. In order to meet such societal demands, employees should be given ample opportunity to study constantly, and the recommended method is a self- directed learning.
20 .. HRD systems in South Korea
21 1. HRD Base on Act of National Human Resource Development 1) Concept of NHRD National Human Resource Development" refers to all national efforts, including education, training and cultural activities, taken to develop and utilize human resources efficiently 2) Issues of NHRD Current Situation National policy - Lack of overall coordination in NHRD policies - The late entry of Koreans into the job market - Insufficient utilization of women - Imbalance in the distribution of talent
22 Public school education - Education focused on college entrance - National competence outside the school system not utilized Social culture - Social and employment practices that put more value on academic background than on competence - The lowest participation of adults in lifelong learning among OECD countries
23 2. Mission, Vision, and Objectives of NHRD
24 3. Policy Directions on NHRD Policy Goal : Set the Supply and Demand of Manpower in Korea, efficiently and properly - Therefore, Analysis of Mid to Long-Term Projections for the Supply and Demand of Manpower is very important(see the appendix for more information) - Ensure quality education at elementary, middle and high schools to nurture - Improve higher education so as to realize the goal of "Knowledge Power" - Establish lifelong vocational training that covers all sectors of society - Nurture talented people in national strategic areas so as to promote sustainable growth
25 - Identify and nurture talented lower-income people as a way toward the integration of society - Nurture talented women and promote the participation of women in society from a strategic perspective - Provide HRD tailored to regional needs - Promote cultural awareness to promote harmony within society - Promote exchange programs and cooperation as a means toward globalization Build an infrastructure that enhances efficient HRD
26 .. The Contributions of Education to Economic Growth
27 1. Education Contributions Table 1. Relative Contribution to Growth in South Korea Contribution to Per Total Predicted Capita Growth(%) Growth(%) Intercept -0.70% -19% RGDP % -11% PRIM % 67% SEC % 19% GPOP % 5% I % 38% Actual Growth 5.89% Predicted Growth 3.69% (Percent Actual Growth Predicted) 63%
28 Table 2. Accumulation: Contribution to Growth for Korea, Factors Parameter Estimate Korea (%Total Contribution Predicted to Per-capita Growth) Korea (% Total Contribution Predicted to Per-capita Growth) (after adjusting) BGDK (23.2) 1.59 (23.2) GER (33.8) 2.31 (33.8) GER (140.2) 4.17 (65.4) GER (-57.3).30 (4.7) BGEMP (6.10).419 (6.6) BRD (-36.5) (-27.6) (Y/N) (-9.4) (-10.1) Actual Growth Predicted Growth (Percent Actual Growth Predicted) (90.8) (84.6)
29 2. Results and Implications of Empirical Estimations( ) 1989) The results show that 65 percent of the total predicted per-capita growth in Korea since 1965 is due to expanded secondary school enrollments. Primary education comes second with 36.2 percent, followed by higher education, at 4.7 percent, while physical investment contributes 24.9 percent and raw unimproved labor contributes only 6.6 percent in Korea Second, the rationalization of the public sector's investment in schooling and training requires the examination of a broad array of labor market imperfections and failures, private training capacity, and structural changes involving strategic skills that require long lead times for acquisition
30 Key conclusions are that productivity of education is of prime importance to per capita growth The model also includes endogenous technological change which together with human capital formation leads to increasing returns to scale These effects of education on per capita growth are seen in three ways: (1)through the effects of increased educational attainment as the labor force increases its skills and hence its productivity, (2) through the contribution of investment in higher education to the conduct of R&D, and the training of R&D personnel for firms as part of endogenous technical change, and (3) through the ability to transfer technology from more advanced countries, as well as to learn and adapt these new technologies while on the job
31 3. Comparison of Empirical Estimations ( ) and ( ) 1989)
32 4. Results and Implications of Empirical Study( ) What is a new significant difference between these 2 estimated results Now estimates processing
33 IV.. Current Situation and Direction of Human Policy in South Korea
34 1. Upgrading Human Resource Development Let's explore the current status of HRD in Korea and the issues facing it by looking at three essential areas: - First, development of human resources through education and training - Second, use and management of human resources thus developed, their deployment in the labor market and re-education education and re-training - Third, the infrastructure necessary for effective development and deployment of human resources, such as communication channels or other forms of close linkage between the educational and labor markets
35 2. Traditional Vocational Education in Decline The government is also trying to find a remedy to the problem of declining performance among vocational high schools in producing skilled personnel. This phenomenon is not due to a drop in labor demand from industry, but rather owes more to a sharp decline in applicants The shortage in qualified manpower in Korea is generally a result of labor market dysfunction, rather than a real lack in educated personnel
36 3. Is Telecommuting the Future? Work-from from-home jobs are now being given serious consideration as a means of tapping into a huge pool of potential female labor. Also, demand is likely to surge in this labor market segment in areas such as computer and sales- related work that are ideally suited to telecommuting
37 4. The Need to Support Working Mothers The female participation rate in economic activities stood at 49.7 percent in 2002, some 10 percent points lower than the OECD average of 59.6 percent Career interruptions are frequent among women of childbearing age, especially those aged between 25 and 29. Statistics show, however, that more and more women of these age groups are returning to work
38 5. Toward National Standards for Skills The Korean government is preparing to establish national skill standards (Korea Skill Standards), to create a basis for nationwide recognition of state or private organization-issued issued qualifications The new classification system will be conceived to be consistent and cross-referenceable referenceable with academic major and program classification systems, and job training category classifications To encourage partnership in HRD, the government is working toward formulating organized guidelines for industry sector or business associationled partnerships for evaluating qualifications and competency
39 6. Closely Linking Academic and The Workplace To promote closer collaboration between the educational and labor markets, the government is preparing the necessary infrastructure No infrastructure for creation, use and diffusion of knowledge can be complete or viable without a quality management system for human resources. To assist the construction of a human resource quality management system, the government is evaluating the performance of educational and training institutions and their programs, in order to identify their strengths and weaknesses and to design a more efficient educational and training model
40 V. Korean Labor Takes a Global Perspective
41 - Korean workers are now armed or becoming armed with necessary prerequisites for globalization. Their foreign language proficiency has substantially improved, and they are more creative - International mobility in the labor market is rapidly rising in Korea. Amidst a continuing inflow of cheaper foreign workers, professional Korean workers migrate abroad in growing numbers Major changes are occurring to the structure of labor demand in the country - Demand for innovative manpower is on the rise - The growing importance of China and Northeast Asia as an economic power is another factor making the outlook bright for Korea's labor sector - Koreans as a whole are favorably disposed toward foreign investors and foreign corporations
42 - Labor/management relations, after some hitches and bumps, have now entered a stable phase. Except for a handful of large corporations, at most workplaces, labor and management have successfully built highly cooperative relationships and viable modes of interaction - The country's industry/university cooperation system, now at its mature stage, is effectively fueling innovations - Active efforts toward building industry clusters, widely participated in by foreign firms, are underway
43 VI. A New Paradigm of Labor Supply & Demand
44 Just as the mass production system has revealed its limitations as a means to further the progress of an industrialized society, conventional forms of human resource development are now faced with the necessity of fundamentally revising their supply and demand structures Particular efforts are directed toward qualitative improvement in high-tech labor, as these human resources will lead the national enterprise to develop new growth-engine industries, and in technical manpower in the production segment at the forefront of industry. No less important is the capacity for efficient labor supply in a timely fashion where needed. These measures are critical components of Korea's effort to narrow the gap between itself and more advanced industrialized nations
45 The government, to back up its policy measures with public support, is launching communications campaigns to increase public interest in science and technology, and is working to build a state-sponsored sponsored system for developing human resources and ensuring their effective distribution in the corporate sector. To boost national competitiveness through new high-tech growth industries and progress in science and technology, the government is creating a state-level resource to support universities in the development and deployment of scientific and technological personnel. The government's effort to introduce greater flexibility in the HRD system in science and technology has been in progress for some time. Its initiatives to redesign the national HRD system by eliminating existing inefficiencies and updating obsolete areas to better meet the labor demand in today's industry have already produced concrete results
46 VI. Conclusion
47 6.4% U niversity 10.5% U n iv ersity 19.3% Sr. Sec % S r.s e c 22% Jr. Sec 36% Prim ary Illiterate 16.3% 1975 (G D P: 592$ ) % Jr.S e c 36.8% Prim ary Illiterate 1985 (G D P: 2229$ ) 19.4% U n iv ersity 24.6% U n iv ersity % S r. Sec 16.2% Jr. Sec 20.2% Prim ary 1995 (G D P: 10823$ ) Illiterate 44.4% Sr. Sec 14.3% Jr. Sec 16.7% Prim ary 2001 (G D P: 8900$ ) Illiterate
48 6.4% University South Korea 19.3% Sr. Sec 22% Jr. Sec 16 36% Primary Illiterate 16.3% 1975 (GDP: 592$) 12.9% Acad./University 1.4% Acad./University 2.3% Acad./University 6.6% Sr.Sec. 8.9% Sr.Sec. 13% Sr.Sec. 32.7% 59.9% at Least 6.2%Jr.Secs 6 Yrs 33.2% 63.1% at Least 8.1%Jr.Secs 6 Yrs 33.7% 59.1% at Least 10.1%Jr.Secs 6 Yrs 4 Yrs. Primary 4 Yrs. Primary 4 Yrs. Primary 26.4% Illiterate 18.5% Illiterate 15.3% Illiterate
49 Conclusion The best way to successfully consolidate HRD policy issues is to set up a "policy issue body" that will outlive the current government or regime. Thereby, a more consistency and continuity in the policy issue management could be politically possible and institutionally guaranteed, thus more successful consolidation of policy issue could be generated.
50 Thank you Chang-Won Jang cwjang@krivet.re.kr
SECTOR ASSESSMENT (SUMMARY): EDUCATION. 1. Sector Performance, Problems, and Opportunities
Higher Education Reform Project (RRP PRC 43007) SECTOR ASSESSMENT (SUMMARY): EDUCATION Sector Road Map 1. Sector Performance, Problems, and Opportunities a. Vision and Strategy 1. The Government of Mongolia
More informationAs of 2010, an estimated 61 million students of primary school age 9% of the world total - are out of school vi.
YOUTH AND EDUCATION HIGHLIGHTS 10.6% of the world s youth (15-24 years old) are non-literate i. Data from 2011 indicates that in developing countries, the percentage of non-literate youth is 12.1%, with
More informationTurku School of Economics: Strategy for 2010 2015
Turku School of Economics: Strategy for 2010 2015 Appendix A TURKU SCHOOL OF ECONOMICS STRATEGY FOR 2010 2015 1 The strategic position of the Turku School of Economics... 1 1.1 Operating environment...
More informationHUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT IN MAKE IN INDIA. Dr. NIRU SHARAN Assistant Professor Amity Law School, Noida
HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT IN MAKE IN INDIA Dr. NIRU SHARAN Assistant Professor Amity Law School, Noida A country is what its people are, and therefore definitely the success of a project will depend on
More informationReflections on the Internal Operating Mechanism of Scientific and Technological Innovation of Colleges
Reflections on the Internal Operating Mechanism of Scientific and Technological Innovation of Colleges SUN Yan Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, Henan, China, 454003 sunyanyj@hpu.edu.cn Abstract:With
More informationBulgarian Innovation Policy: Options for the Next Decade
Bulgarian Innovation Policy: Options for the Next Decade The political changes in the EU the entry into force of the Treaty of Lisbon, the new composition of EU institutions, as well as the development
More informationFact Sheet: Youth and Education
Fact Sheet: Youth and Education 11% of the world s youth (15-24 years old) are non-literate. Data from 2005-2008 indicates that in developing countries, the percentage of nonliterate youth is 13%, with
More informationResults of a survey of the Europe 2020 Monitoring Platform on the Flagship Initiative `Digital Agenda for Europe`
Results of a survey of the Europe 2020 Monitoring Platform on the Flagship Initiative `Digital Agenda for Europe` Presentation by Markku Markkula, Member of the Espoo City Council, Finland, member of the
More informationREPUBLIC OF KOREA. Regional Preparatory Workshop on Inclusive Education. East Asia. Hangzhou, China, 3 5 November 2007
REPUBLIC OF KOREA Regional Preparatory Workshop on Inclusive Education East Asia Hangzhou, China, 3 5 November 2007 UNESCO International Bureau of Education Inclusive Education in the Republic of Korea
More informationCHANGING HRM PRACTICES WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO RETENTION POLICIES AT TCS
CHANGING HRM PRACTICES WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO RETENTION POLICIES AT TCS Ms. Ruchita Petkar Asst. Professor ATSS CBSCA, Chinchwad, Pune Dr. Suhas Sahasrabudhe Principal CSIT, Shahu Nagar, Pune Abstract:
More informationA Long-term Forecast of Demographic Transition in Japan and Asia
A Long-term Forecast of Demographic Transition in Japan and Asia Takao Komine Professor, Hosei University Why is the Population Problem Important for Asia Today? 1. The uncertainty of population forecasts
More informationMINISTRY OF TRADE AND INDUSTRY STATEMENT BY HON. CALLE SCHLETTWEIN, MINISTER OF TRADE AND INDUSTRY,
MINISTRY OF TRADE AND INDUSTRY STATEMENT BY HON. CALLE SCHLETTWEIN, MINISTER OF TRADE AND INDUSTRY, ON THE GROWTH AT HOME STRATEGY, NAMIBIA S EXECUTION STRATEGY FOR INDUSTRIALISATION IN THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY,
More informationBranding the Government As An Employer of Choice
Branding the Government As An Employer of Choice By Neil Reichenberg, IPMA-HR Executive Director If governments are both to compete successfully for talented applicants and retain high performing employees,
More informationThe Role of Higher Education System in Human Capital Formation
World Applied Sciences Journal 18 (Special Issue of Economics): 135-139, 2012 ISSN 1818-4952 IDOSI Publications, 2012 DOI: 10.5829/idosi.wasj.2012.18.120022 The Role of Higher Education System in Human
More informationSecuring the Nation: Creating cyber security, resilience and readiness
NZTech Developing a National Technology Strategy NZTech Developing a National Technology Strategy A Cyber-Secure New Zealand The Role of Government Procurement B R I E F I N G P A P E R Securing the Nation:
More information12th EU-China Round Table. Report on Surpassing GDP: The New Version of Human Development Index
European Economic and Social Committee Brussels, 8 October 2012 12th EU-China Round Table Report on Surpassing GDP: The New Version of Human Development Index Rapporteur: He Chuanqi, China Center for Modernization
More informationGraduate Entrepreneurial Intention in Turkey: Motivators and Obstacles. Nurdan Özarallı Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
Graduate Entrepreneurial Intention in Turkey: Motivators and Obstacles Nurdan Özarallı Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey ENTREPRENEURSHIP Entrepreneurship has long been recognized as one of the tools
More informationUnemployment: Causes and its Economics Outcomes during Recent Years in Afghanistan
Unemployment: Causes and its Economics Outcomes during Recent Years in Afghanistan Summary, Conclusion and Recommendations The objective of the paper is to study the current situation of labor market in
More informationJAPAN. 1. Priority of the science and technology area and the promotion of the basic research.
JAPAN 1. General policy framework In response to the needs of the 21 st century, we promote science and technology and aim at establishing a Japan based on creativity in science and technology, aiming
More informationTHE GHANA ICT FOR ACCELERATED DEVELOPMENT (ICT4AD) POLICY
Republic of Ghana THE GHANA ICT FOR ACCELERATED DEVELOPMENT (ICT4AD) POLICY A POLICY STATEMENT FOR THE REALIZATION OF THE VISION TO TRANSFORM GHANA INTO AN INFORMATION-RICH KNOWLEDGE-BASED SOCIETY AND
More informationEDUCATION AND TRAINING POLICY
E.E.P-86 FEDERAL DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC GOVERNMENT OF ETHIOPIA EDUCATION AND TRAINING POLICY Addis Ababa April, 1994 First Edition 1994 ST. GEORGE PRINTING PRESS TABLE OF CONTENTS Page 1. INTRODUCTION 1 2.
More informationTertiary education is expanding and producing a large proportion of highly skilled adults
Education at a Glance: OECD Indicators is the authoritative source for accurate and relevant information on the state of education around the world. It provides data on the structure, finances, and performance
More informationwww.ieche.com.sa 15-18 April 2015 Riyadh International Convention & Exhibition Center
The 6th International Exhibition & Conference on Higher Education 15-18 April 2015 Riyadh International Convention & Exhibition Center www.ieche.com.sa IECHE 2015 Introduction As it embarks on a countrywide
More informationComparative Analysis of Shanghai and Hong Kong s Financial Service Trade Competitiveness
Comparative Analysis of Shanghai and Hong Kong s Financial Service Trade Competitiveness Ying Li Longfei Liu Lijun Liang Management School Shanghai University of Engineering and Science China Abstract
More informationHKIHRM HR PROFESSIONAL STANDARDS MODEL
HKIHRM HR PROFESSIONAL STANDARDS MODEL Creating Values For You and For Organisations Setting Standards Recognising s ABOUT HKIHRM The Hong Kong Institute of Human Resource Management (HKIHRM) is the leading
More informationThe Strategy for Lifelong Learning in Hungary. An Overview
The Strategy for Lifelong Learning in Hungary An Overview Budapest, January 2006 Chief editor: Dr. Tamás Köpeczi Bócz Editor: Dr. Nóra Milotay Published by the Ministry of Education of the Republic of
More informationIn recent years, fiscal policy in China has been prudent. Fiscal deficits
1 Fiscal Policy in China STEVEN DUNAWAY AND ANNALISA FEDELINO* In recent years, fiscal policy in China has been prudent. Fiscal deficits have been lower than budgeted, because revenue overperformances
More informationTHE ROLE OF TVET AND THE CARIBBEAN ASSOCIATION OF NATIONAL TRAINING AGENCIES (CANTA) AND ALLIED BODIES WITHIN THE
THE ROLE OF TVET AND THE CARIBBEAN ASSOCIATION OF NATIONAL TRAINING AGENCIES (CANTA) AND ALLIED BODIES WITHIN THE CARIBBEAN SINGLE MARKET AND ECONOMY (CSME) INTRODUCTION Since the May 1990 launch of the
More informationYEREVAN COMMUNIQUÉ. A renewed vision: our priorities
YEREVAN COMMUNIQUÉ We, the Ministers, meeting in Yerevan on 14-15 May 2015, are proud to recognize that the vision which inspired our predecessors in Bologna has given rise to the European Higher Education
More informationThe Development and Trends: Adult Higher Education in China
The Development and Trends: Adult Higher Education in China Liu Jianfeng, PhD. Vice President National Institute of Education Sciences, China July,12,2015 1 Brief information about NIES The National Institute
More informationResearch on Undergraduate Accounting Education at the Present Stage Based on Questionnaire Survey
Higher Education of Social Science Vol. 3, No. 2, 2012, pp. 35-39 DOI:10.3968/j.hess.1927024020120302.ZR0215 ISSN 1927-0232 [Print] ISSN 1927-0240 [Online] www.cscanada.net www.cscanada.org Research on
More informationEffects and Countermeasures of Replacing Business Tax with VAT to Real Estate Industry
Modern Economy, 2016, 7, 586-590 Published Online May 2016 in SciRes. http://www.scirp.org/journal/me http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/me.2016.75064 Effects and Countermeasures of Replacing Business Tax with
More informationNew Approaches to Economic Challenges - A Framework Paper
New Approaches to Economic Challenges - A Framework Paper 1. The global crisis was a wake-up call to policymakers around the world. Market and governance failures have led to the most pressing financial,
More informationTertiary Education in Japan: How it Looks Globally
Tertiary Education in Japan: How it Looks Globally Jun Saito, Senior Research Fellow Japan Center for Economic Research March 6, 2015 When an economy is facing a decline in labor force, the only way it
More informationG20 Agriculture Ministers Meeting Communiqué
G20 Agriculture Ministers Meeting Communiqué Xi an, 3 June 2016 1. We, the G20 Agriculture Ministers, met today in Xi an to discuss how G20 members can promote food security, nutrition, sustainable agricultural
More informationKorean Model of Secondary Education Development: Approaches, outcomes and emerging tasks
Korean Model of Secondary Education Development: Approaches, outcomes and emerging tasks Chong Jae Lee Professor Seoul National University A paper presented to Seminar on Growth Strategies for Secondary
More informationPriorities and Challenges for Higher Education in Suriname. Prof.dr. Henry R. Ori Dinsdag 28 mei 2013 Landenstrategie VLIRUOS
Priorities and Challenges for Higher Education in Suriname Prof.dr. Henry R. Ori Dinsdag 28 mei 2013 Landenstrategie VLIRUOS AGENDA Higher incomes, more qualified manpower The current state affairs The
More informationSCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND INNOVATION FOR THE TRANSFORMATION OF AFRICAN ECONOMIES
SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND INNOVATION FOR THE TRANSFORMATION OF AFRICAN ECONOMIES SESSION I: ELEMENTS OF AN EFFECTIVE AND BALANCED INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY (IP) SYSTEM TO ENABLE INNOVATION The session discussed
More informationNBER WORKING PAPER SERIES HUMAN CAPITAL, ECONOMIC GROWTH, AND INEQUALITY IN CHINA. James J. Heckman Junjian Yi
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES HUMAN CAPITAL, ECONOMIC GROWTH, AND INEQUALITY IN CHINA James J. Heckman Junjian Yi Working Paper 18100 http://www.nber.org/papers/w18100 NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH
More informationTranslation of report filed with the Tokyo Stock Exchange on April 30, 2008
Translation of report filed with the Tokyo Stock Exchange on April 30, 2008 Mitsubishi Corporation Unveils New Medium-Term Management Plan INNOVATION 2009 Opening Up A New Era Aiming to Help Create a Sustainable
More informationADULT EDUCATION IN CYPRUS. Klitos Symeonides Cyprus Adult Education Association
1 Trends In Cyprus Education ADULT EDUCATION IN CYPRUS Klitos Symeonides Cyprus Adult Education Association It is generally recognized that Cyprus education is highly developed. Persianis identified the
More informationGlobalization Cannot Be Ignored in Human Resource Development (HRD): European Union (EU) Case Study Findings Working Paper
Ref 2.10 Globalization Cannot Be Ignored in Human Resource Development (HRD): European Union (EU) Case Study Findings Working Paper Gertrude Ira Hewapathirana (Corresponding author) Department of Work
More informationINTERNATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY AGENCY (IRENA) Contribution to the 2015 United Nations Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) Integration Segment
INTERNATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY AGENCY (IRENA) Contribution to the 2015 United Nations Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) Integration Segment INTRODUCTION The socio-economic benefits renewable energy
More informationFOSTERING DIALOGUE AND MUTUAL UNDERSTANDING
FOSTERING DIALOGUE AND MUTUAL UNDERSTANDING The crucial role of young women and men in advancing intercultural dialogue and understanding is increasingly recognized within the global development agenda.
More informationGlobalization and International Trade
12 Globalization and International Trade Globalization refers to the growing interdependence of countries resulting from the increasing integration of trade, finance, people, and ideas in one global marketplace.
More informationThe New Delhi Commitment: Delivering Inclusive, Relevant Quality Education for All. New Delhi, India 8th 10th November 2012
ED/EFA/2012/ME/1 Original : English The New Delhi Commitment: Delivering Inclusive, Relevant Quality Education for All New Delhi, India 8th 10th November 2012 Ninth E-9 Ministerial Review Meeting: Inclusive,
More informationThe contribution of the Saudi woman in economic development
The contribution of the Saudi woman in economic development Haga Elimam Lobna Abdullah Nisreen Al-Banawi Abla Bokhari King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia Keywords Women contribution, Economic
More informationCHINA S DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY: THE KNOWLEDGE AND INNOVATION PERSPECTIVE. Carl Dahlman Jean-Eric Aubert World Bank Institute 2000
I. MAIN ISSUES CHINA S DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY: THE KNOWLEDGE AND INNOVATION PERSPECTIVE Carl Dahlman Jean-Eric Aubert World Bank Institute 2000 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY China has made great progress since it opened
More informationResearch on Practical Teaching for Human Resource Management Major. Chenlei Mao
3rd International Conference on Management, Education, Information and Control (MEICI 2015) Research on Practical Teaching for Human Resource Management Major Chenlei Mao Jiangxi University of Technology,
More informationMartin Hemmert. Korea University Business School
Martin Hemmert Korea University Business School Contents 1 The Concept of Innovation Systems 2 The Korean Innovation System: Overview 3 The Parts of the Korean Innovation System 4 Conclusions and Implications
More informationECONOMIC FACTORS AFFECTING COMPENSATION
Unit 4: Total Rewards 41 ECONOMIC FACTORS AFFECTING COMPENSATION Inflation Inflation has a substantial impact on compensation practices. Managing a compensation program is especially difficult during periods
More informationBeatriz G. Torno, DPM Executive Director II Teacher Education Council
Teacher Education and Development Program (TEDP) National Competency-Based Teacher Standards (NCBTS) Philippine Education Reform Beatriz G. Torno, DPM Executive Director II Teacher Education Council I
More informationOffice of the Superintendent of Schools MONTGOMERY COUNTY PUBLIC SCHOOLS Rockville, Maryland. December 9, 2014
DISCUSSION Office of the Superintendent of Schools MONTGOMERY COUNTY PUBLIC SCHOOLS Rockville, Maryland December 9, 2014 MEMORANDUM To: From: Subject: Members of the Board of Education Joshua P. Starr,
More informationForeword. Arati Porwal Chief Representative India CIMA
1 Foreword Despite the global economic uncertainty, CIMA s members and students are in demand. Our 2012 salary survey shows that chartered management accountants are commanding salaries that reflect their
More informationCOUNTRY NOTE GERMANY
Education at a Glance 2011 OECD Indicators DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/eag-2011-en OECD 2011 Under embargo until 13 September, at 11:00 Paris time COUNTRY NOTE GERMANY Questions can be directed to:
More informationECD /ECCE in China. Feb 6-8 Bangkok
ECD /ECCE in China Feb 6-8 Bangkok Background Big population, total population 1.3 billion, the 0-6 years old population is about 100 million Demographic and geographic diversity and unbalanced development
More informationInnovation to Course System of Chinese Language and Literature Major in Colleges and Universities. Yong Jia
International Conference on Management Science, Education Technology, Arts, Social Science and Economics (MSETASSE 2015) Innovation to Course System of Chinese Language and Literature Major in Colleges
More informationThe U.S. labor force the number of
Employment outlook: 14 Labor force projections to 2014: retiring boomers The baby boomers exit from the prime-aged workforce and their movement into older age groups will lower the overall labor force
More informationHorizon Scanning and Scenario Building: Scenarios for Skills 2020
Horizon Scanning and Scenario Building: Scenarios for Skills 2020 A report for the National Strategic Skills Audit for England 2010 Executive Summary 17 March 2010 Analysis Understanding Insight Expert
More informationSECTOR ASSESMENT (SUMMARY): EDUCATION 1
Country Partnership Strategy: Viet Nam, 2012 2015 SECTOR ASSESMENT (SUMMARY): EDUCATION 1 Sector Road Map 1. Sector Performance, Problems, and Opportunities 1. Country context. In Viet Nam, education is
More informationPOLICY ON HUMAN RESOURCE IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
POLICY ON HUMAN RESOURCE IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION 1. INTRODUCTION Under the brilliant leadership of Samdech Akka Moha Sena Padei Techo HUN SEN, Prime Minister of the Royal Government of Cambodia through
More informationThe Training Needs of Older Workers
The Training Needs of Older Workers Katrina Ball, Josie Misko and Andrew Smith National Centre for Vocational Education Research ABSTRACT The nature of work has been the subject of significant change in
More informationFinancing For Development by Sir K Dwight Venner, Governor, ECCB (3 August 2001)
The Caribbean countries now find themselves having to make fundamental adjustments to the structure of their economies and financial systems in response to changes at the global level. The region is not
More informationI. SKILLS DEVELOPMENT IN THE WORKPLACE IN THAILAND
THAILAND s Perspective on Skills Training in the Workplace M.L. Puntrik Smiti Deputy Director General, Department of Skill Development, Ministry of Labour Thailand has the population of 66.72 million (2009),
More informationEnhancing Skills and Faster Generation of Employment
The Planning Commission Approach to the 12 th Plan Enhancing Skills and Faster Generation of Employment Enhancing Skills to Reap Demographic Dividend Skill building can be viewed as an instrument to improve
More informationGlobalization, IMF and Bulgaria
Globalization, IMF and Bulgaria Presentation by Piritta Sorsa * *, Resident Representative of the IMF in Bulgaria, At the Conference on Globalization and Sustainable Development, Varna Free University,
More informationReport to the Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia on Impact of ICT on Arab Youth: Employment, Education and Social Change
American Model United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia Report to the Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia on Impact of ICT on Arab Youth: Employment, Education and Social
More informationUPPER SECONDARY SCHOOL. Curriculum for the upper secondary school
UPPER SECONDARY SCHOOL Curriculum for the upper secondary school Curriculum for the upper secondary school Address for ordering: Fritzes customer service 106 47 Stockholm Tel: 08-598 191 90 Fax: 08-598
More informationOptimizing Rewards and Employee Engagement
Optimizing Rewards and Employee Engagement Improving employee motivation and engagement, and identifying the right total rewards strategy to influence workforce effectiveness. Kevin Aselstine, Towers Perrin
More informationComparing Chinese Investment into North America and Europe
Comparing Chinese Investment into North America and Europe 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Chinese outbound foreign direct investment (OFDI) has grown rapidly in recent years and is increasingly flowing to high-income
More informationMaastricht Communiqué. on the Future Priorities of Enhanced European Cooperation in Vocational Education and Training (VET)
Maastricht Communiqué on the Future Priorities of Enhanced European Cooperation in Vocational Education and Training (VET) 14 December 2004 Maastricht Communiqué on the Future Priorities of Enhanced European
More informationTrade Training Centres in Schools Programme
Trade Training Centres in Schools Programme Discussion Paper for Stakeholder Consultations February 2007 1 Contents Introduction...3 Overview...3 Programme objectives...4 Priorities...4 A partnership approach...5
More information4.1 Identify what is working well and what needs adjustment. 4.1.1 Outline broad strategies that will help to effect these adjustments.
(Overview) Step 1 Prepare 1.1 Identify specific issues or choices that the planning process should address. 1.2 Develop an organizational profile. 1.3 Identify any information that must be collected to
More informationThe Wilting STEM: March 2013
The Wilting STEM: Talent Shortage in Norway By: Jaylyn Johnson March 2013 Advisor: Micheline van Riemsdijk Department of Geography University of Tennessee 304 Burchfiel Geography Building Knoxville, TN
More information4. Economic policies to best achieve our full employment goal
4. Economic policies to best achieve our full employment goal Economic policies to best achieve our full employment goal 1 Breakout Session 4 Economic policies to best achieve our full employment goal
More information3.1 Innovation. 3.2 Innovation levels
003 stration Product InnovatIOn D4S is based on a combination of product innovation and sustainability. Understanding the underlying concept of product innovation can help in implementing D4S projects.
More informationApproaches to tackle the research-business gap Technology audit principles. Practical support mechanisms
Dragomir Mihai Minsk, 27-28 th May 2015 mihai.dragomir@muri.utcluj.ro Approaches to tackle the research-business gap Technology audit principles. Practical support mechanisms 1 Did you know? According
More informationWhy is there a shortage of nurses in Egypt and what can we do about it? Marwa Farag, PhD. School of Public Health University of Saskatchewan
Why is there a shortage of nurses in Egypt and what can we do about it? Marwa Farag, PhD. School of Public Health University of Saskatchewan Health workforce shortages: common problems? B.C. nurses demand
More informationHR Function Optimization
HR Function Optimization People & Change Advisory Services kpmg.com/in Unlocking the value of human capital Human Resources function is now recognized as a strategic enabler, aimed at delivering sustainable
More informationChina s Accession to the WTO and its Impact on the Asian Economy. C. H. Kwan Nomura Research Institute
Introduction China s Accession to the WTO and its Impact on the Asian Economy C. H. Kwan Nomura Research Institute After fifteen years of tough negotiation, China is poised to join the World Trade Organization
More informationPreparing for new horizons
Preparing for new horizons By Lauritz Holm-Nielsen, President of EuroScience Anders Borchorst Gårdhus, International Advisor, Aarhus University Introduction The sustainability of world societies is challenged.
More informationLEARNING AND COMPETENCE 2020. Strategy of the Finnish National Board of Education (FNBE)
LEARNING AND COMPETENCE 2020 Strategy of the Finnish National Board of Education (FNBE) Enhancing studies and provision of education and training Strengthening teaching personnel s competence Leading and
More informationEstonian Higher Education Strategy, 2006 2015
Estonian Higher Education Strategy, 2006 2015 INTRODUCTION This document specifies the strategic areas of development for Estonian higher education over the next 10 years. The developmental areas as approved
More informationNetDimensions Performance
NetDimensions Performance helps organizations manage performance throughout the year by replacing the traditional annual performance review with an ongoing dialogue between managers and employees, focused
More information2015 WAS A MIXED YEAR FOR THE INDONE- SIAN RECRUITMENT MARKET.
Indonesia 2015 WAS A MIXED YEAR FOR THE INDONE- SIAN RECRUITMENT MARKET. A slowdown in growth, political challenges, a continuing failure to address critical infrastructure issues and a declining rupiah
More informationDIGIA PERFORMED VERY WELL IN 2015. STRONG GROWTH OF NET SALES CONTINUED IN Q4.
DIGIA PERFORMED VERY WELL IN 2015. STRONG GROWTH OF NET SALES CONTINUED IN Q4. Digia Plc Financial Statement Bulletin 2015 and Interim Report Q4/2015 Juha Varelius 4 February 2016 Digia in brief Finnish
More informationPROJECT MANAGEMENT SALARY SURVEY 2014
ESI INTERNATIONAL ASIA PACIFIC PROJECT MANAGEMENT SALARY SURVEY 2014 An ESI International study SURVEY OBJECTIVES The inaugural Asia Pacific project management salary survey conducted by ESI International
More informationThis session presents a potpourri of topics in migration, family labor, fertility, and
International Human Resource Issues: Discussion By Dragan Miljkovic* * Miljkovic is Postdoctoral Fellow in the Trade Research Center, Montana State University. International Human Resource Issues: Discussion
More informationGROWTH AND PROSPECTS FOR SERVICE SECTOR IN GLOBALIZED ECONOMY: A STUDY OF INDIAN TOURISM INDUSTRY
GROWTH AND PROSPECTS FOR SERVICE SECTOR IN GLOBALIZED ECONOMY: Harini K.V * Indira M** A STUDY OF INDIAN TOURISM INDUSTRY Abstract: The services industry is one of the largest and fastest-growing sectors
More informationResearch on Technological Innovation Network of Colleges under Regional Economic Development. Aiwen Wang
International Conference on Education, Management and Computing Technology (ICEMCT 2015) Research on Technological Innovation Network of Colleges under Regional Economic Development Aiwen Wang School of
More informationThe Development of Information and Communication Technologies Sector in the Context of the New Economy RADU IOAN 1 and PODAŞCĂ RALUCA 2
The Development of Information and Communication Technologies Sector in the Context of the New Economy RADU IOAN 1 and PODAŞCĂ RALUCA 2 Abstract Information and communication technologies have a vital
More informationMANAGEMENT FORUM. Innovation in China's Electronic Information Industry ABSTRACT I. INTRODUCTION
MANAGEMENT FORUM Management Forum Innovation in China's Electronic Information Industry Gou Zhongwen Vice Minister, Ministry of Information Industry, China ABSTRACT While giving a review of the innovation
More informationSouth Dakota Board of Regents New Baccalaureate Degree Minor
University: Title of Proposed Minor: Degree(s) in which minor may be earned: Existing related majors or minors: South Dakota Board of Regents New Baccalaureate Degree Minor Proposed Implementation (term):
More informationDRUG SAFETY AND HUMAN RESOURCES SUBSECTORS ANALYSIS
Additional Financing of Fourth Health Sector Development Project (RRP MON 41243) DRUG SAFETY AND HUMAN RESOURCES SUBSECTORS ANALYSIS I. Drug Safety Subsector A. Drug Safety Issues 1. Lack of coordination.
More informationRESPONSE TO FIRST PHASE SOCIAL PARTNER CONSULTATION REVIEWING THE WORKING TIME DIRECTIVE
4 June 2010 RESPONSE TO FIRST PHASE SOCIAL PARTNER CONSULTATION REVIEWING THE WORKING TIME DIRECTIVE Introduction 1. The European Commission on 24 March launched the first phase consultation of European
More informationThe Basics of a Compensation Program
The Basics of a Compensation Program Learning Objectives By the end of this chapter, you should be able to: List three ways in which compensation plays a role in the management of the enterprise. Describe
More informationRecommendations Regarding the Visual Arts at NYU
Recommendations Regarding the Visual Arts at NYU I. PREAMBLE After a thorough discussion and evaluation of the options and opportunities expressed in the reports of the faculty-led Steinhardt Strategic
More informationTeenage Pregnancy and Sexual Health Marketing Strategy November 2009
Teenage Pregnancy and Sexual Health Marketing Strategy November 2009 Produced by Partners Andrews Aldridge and Fuel Data Strategies on behalf of the Department of Health and the Department for Children,
More informationCOUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION. Brussels, 8 May 2008 9207/08 EDUC 144 SOC 276 CULT 67 COMPET 178 RECH 173. NOTE from: Presidency
COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION Brussels, 8 May 2008 9207/08 EDUC 144 SOC 276 CULT 67 COMPET 178 RECH 173 NOTE from: Presidency to: Council No prev. doc. 8752/08 EDUC 119 SOC 243 CULT 59 COMPET 152 RECH
More informationTABLE OF CONTENTS. 1. Global Education Sector and Reform. 1.1 Market Overview and Size. 1.2 Initiatives to Boost Education Industry
1 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Global Education Sector and Reform 1.1 Market Overview and Size 1.2 Initiatives to Boost Education Industry 1.3 Global Tertiary Education Development 1.3.1 Student Population 1.3.2
More information