ATM and the Internet Over Satellite Networks
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1 ATM and the Internet Over Satellite Networks Prakash Chitre COMSAT Laboratories Clarksburg, MD (301) ATM & INTERNET 7/99 1
2 ATM and Internet Via Satellite ATM Via Satellite: Key Challenges ATM Over (Point-to-point) Satellite Links Internet Over (Point-to-point) Satellite Links ATM/Internet Satellite Mesh Networks Conclusions ATM & INTERNET 7/99 2
3 ATM Via Satellite: Key Challenges Providing Fiber-like Quality (Cell Loss Ratio and Cell Error Ratio) Time-varying bit error rates and bit error distribution Effect on Throughput Performance due to Geosynchronous Satellite Delay ATM Traffic Management, Congestion Control End-to-end protocols, e.g., TCP Efficient Bandwidth Use ATM and other ATM related protocols (such as ATM speech) are not bandwidth efficient Satellite resources are relatively expensive Dynamic Bandwidth-on-Demand Concepts Meeting Cell Delay Variation QoS Requirements Satellite TDMA framing can result in unacceptable cell delay variation ATM & INTERNET 7/99 3
4 Seamless Integration of Satellite and Terrestrial Networks Satellite link transparent to the end user Service provisioning in a cost-efficient manner ATM & INTERNET 7/99 4
5 Steps for Achieving Seamless Integration Modify existing standards Develop new standards New Satcom interfaces New satellite networks ATM & INTERNET 7/99 5
6 Service Specific Connection Oriented Protocol (SSCOP) SSCOP is the basic protocol for error recovery in ATM Very efficient over satellite links even at gigabits per second ATM & INTERNET 7/99 6
7 Major Accomplishments Established a liaison with ATM Forum Wireless ATM Group for the joint development of satellite ATM network architectures, protocols, mobility standards Worked closely with Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) for internet protocols to work well over satellite TCPSAT Group has been established ATM traffic management (TM 4.0) Modifications to accommodate satellite delay were approved by ATM Forum ATM speech Communications and Interoperability Section/TR 34.1 Worked with ATM Forum to develop ATM speech standards to be bandwidth efficient Common air interface for satellite systems Standardize common air interfaces for a range of satellite systems from satellite personal communications systems to broadband satellite systems ATM & INTERNET 7/99 7
8 Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) over Satellite ATM & INTERNET 7/99 8
9 COMSAT ATM Link Accelerator - ALA Provides fiber-like quality over satellite links for ATM traffic Improved BER (10-9 or better), very low cell loss ratio Cell header and payload protected using powerful FEC codes Adaptive FEC to maximize bandwidth utilization FEC overhead 0% to 8%, depending on link quality Idle cells stripped off Interleaving to combat burst errors Can correct up to 72 octet burst errors Prioritized traffic management High priority, low jitter for CBR and VBR traffic (e.g., video) Low priority, large buffers for ABR traffic (e.g., LAN data) Lossless data compression for ABR traffic on selected VCs Can double effective throughput Selectable T1, E1, DS-3, E3, RS-449 ATM interface Satellite interface up to 8 Mb/s ATM & INTERNET 7/99 9
10 CLA-2000/ATM Performance v/s BER Cell Loss + Error Ratio 1E+00 1E-02 1E-04 1E-06 1E-08 1E-10 1E-12 1E-14 1E-16 1E-18 1E-20 With ALA Without ALA 1E-01 1E-02 1E-03 1E-04 1E-05 1E-06 1E-07 1E-08 1E-09 1E-10 Bit E rror Rat e (bursty) ATM & INTERNET 7/99 10
11 Al r a m P ow er Al arm P ow er Al ar m P ow er Al ar m P ow er CO MSA T A LA LC D D i spl ay C O MS A T AL A L C D s pl ay i C O MSA T A LA LC D Ds pl ay C O MSA T A LA LC D Ds pl ay Example Operational Network UUNet Backbone Cisco Router Miami DS3 ATM Switch 34 Mb/s 34 Mb/s Puerto Rico ATM Switch Cisco Router ATM Switch DS3 DS3 E3 DS3 Undersea Cable ALA/ALE Argentina 10 Mb/s ALA/ALE ATM Switch Cisco Router E3 E3 South American Backbone ATM & INTERNET 7/99 11
12 TCP/IP Issues for Satellite Networks TCP window size Buffer requirements at end nodes and routers Slow start Effect of bit errors Retransmission strategy Congestion control strategy Queue management ATM & INTERNET 7/99 12
13 ATM & INTERNET 7/99 13 Maximum Throughput for Single TCP Connection as a Function of Window Size
14 Current Work on TCP Enhancements Random Early Discard (RED) scheme Selective Ack (SACK) Fast retransmit recovery enhancements Slow start enhancements ATM & INTERNET 7/99 14
15 A lm Po wr COM SA ALA 20 CD iply a r e T - 0 L s a Al P o w m r C O M SA A L A C D Di pl y Al m Pow r C OMSA A LA 20 C Di ply COMSAT Link Accelerator/ Internet - CLA-2000/Internet IP Routing over satellite and wireless links Provides fiber-like quality over satellite links 10BaseT Ethernet Hub Modem COMSAT CLA/IP 10BaseT RS Mbit/s COMSAT CLA/IP 10BaseT Ethernet Hub Internet Improved BER (10-11 or better) Packets protected using powerful Reed- Solomon coding Interleaving to combat burst errors Can correct 640 bit burst error Bandwidth Expansion Adaptive Coding based on Measured Error rate Reed-Solomon coding overhead 0% - 7% Lossless Data Compression Option 2:1 compression ratio typical Up to T1 link rate RED Queue Management TCP Proxy (Spoofing) Satellite Interface, RS449, up to 4 Mbit/s symmetric CLA-2000/Internet Satellite/WAN Port RS-449, up to 4 Mbit/s Support for asymmetric rate links, low-speed links Ethernet/IP Port 10BaseT ATM & INTERNET 7/99 15
16 A lm Po wr COM SA ALA 20 CD iply Al m Pow r C OMSA A LA 20 C Di ply Al m Pow r C OMSA A LA2 0 CD Dip ly Al m P ow r CO MSA AL A20 0 CD Dip ly CLA-2000/Internet Usage CLA-2000/Internet as Router using Ethernet 10BaseT Ethernet Hub Modem RS Mbit/s 10BaseT Ethernet Hub COMSAT CLA/IP 10BaseT COMSAT CLA/IP Internet Router Modem RS Mbps Router CLA-2000/Internet as Transparent Frame Processor using Serial Port COMSAT CLA-2000/Internet Serial Link 0-8 Mbps COMSAT CLA-2000/Internet Internet ATM & INTERNET 7/99 16
17 CLA/Internet TCP-Proxy Overview User Workstation / Server CLA-2000/Internet CLA-2000/Internet User Workstation / Server Applns. TCP Proxy TCP Proxy Applns. TCP TCP TCP TCP TCP TCP IP IP IP IP IP IP Ethernet Ethernet Satt. Link Layer Satt. Link Layer Ethernet Ethernet TCP Window = 4-64 kbytes TCP Window = 256 kbytes TCP Window = 4-64 kbytes Internet Most PCs, workstations use TCP window size of 8-24 kbytes Limits throughput per connection over geo satellites to kbps Max. TCP window size allowed = 64 kbytes (RFC 1323 enhancements allow larger sizes) TCP Proxy enables full link rate throughput per connection CLA-2000/IP uses TCP with large windows over satellite segment (RFC 1323) Connection set-up/tear-down not spoofed ATM & INTERNET 7/99 17
18 CLA/Internet TCP-Proxy Overview User Workstation / Server CLA-2000/Internet CLA-2000/Internet User Workstation / Server Applns. TCP Proxy TCP Proxy Applns. TCP TCP TCP TCP TCP TCP IP IP IP IP IP IP Ethernet Serial Satt. Link Satt. Link Layer Serial Ethernet Layer TCP Window = 4-64 kbytes Internet TCP Window = 256 kbytes TCP Window = 4-64 kbytes Internet Most PCs, workstations use TCP window size of 8-24 kbytes Limits throughput per connection over geo satellites to kbps Max. TCP window size allowed = 64 kbytes (RFC 1323 enhancements allow larger sizes) TCP Proxy enables full link rate throughput per connection CLA-2000/IP uses TCP with large windows over satellite segment (RFC 1323) Connection set-up/tear-down not spoofed ATM & INTERNET 7/99 18
19 Alm Pow r COMSA ALA 20 C Dip ly Al m Pow r COMS A LA20 CDi ply A lm Pow r COM SA LA20 CD iply Alm Pow r COMSA ALA 20 C Dip ly CLA/Internet TCP-Proxy Mechanism ms Internet Data (1kbyte) Ack ms Internet Cisco Data (1kbyte) Internet ms Internet Data (1kbyte) CLA-2000/Internet Data (1kbyte) Ack ms Internet Data (1kbyte) 32 ms W = 8 kbytes Throughput = 8 kbytes/32 ms = 2 Mbps Ack W = 8 kbytes Throughput = 8 kbytes/500 ms = 128 kbps W = 8 kbytes Throughput Ack = 8 kbytes/32 ms = 2 Mbps W = 128 kbytes Throughput = 128 kbytes/500 ms = 2 Mbps Ack W = 8 kbytes Throughput = 8 kbytes/32 ms = 2 Mbps ATM & INTERNET 7/99 19
20 CLA/Internet Single TCP Connection Performance Throughput Kbps CLA, r = Mbps W = 8 kb Cisco, r = Mbps W = 192 kb Cisco, r = 2048 kbps W = 8 kb 0 1.E-09 1.E-08 1.E-07 1.E-06 1.E-05 1.E-04 1.E-03 BER Single Connection, Large Data Transfer (20-40 min) Sun Solaris 2.6 One-way Delay=250 ms ATM & INTERNET 7/99 20
21 ATM & INTERNET 7/99 21 CLA-2000/IP Performance
22 CLA/Internet Compression Measurements BER=10-4 BER=10-8 Throughput Gain Ratio TCP ack Canterbury Corpus C prog files Postscript HTML Word Windows.exe Unix.exe Ppt WebSite Amazon WebSite cnnfn pdf real-audio real-video gif jpeg zip files ATM & INTERNET 7/99 22
23 Linkway 2000 Multiservice Platform for Bandwidth-on-Demand Multimedia applications Multicarrier, Multirate, TDMA Mesh Network ATM, IP, Frame Relay, ISDN, SS7 Interfaces Internet Routing (RIP, OSPF, BGP) Automatic Adaptive Bandwidth Assignment Various Terminal Sizes in a Single Interoperable Network Highly Integrated Board Including Modem in the Indoor Unit ATM & INTERNET 7/99 23
24 LINKWAY Overview On Demand High Speed Access for Virtual Private Networks Multinational Corporate Networks Multimedia & Video Teleconferencing Internet Service Providers ATM & INTERNET 7/99 24
25 Bandwidth Management Fixed Bandwidth Allocation Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation ATM & INTERNET 7/99 25
26 Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation Algorithm Adaptive to Traffic Changes Fair Assignment ATM & INTERNET 7/99 26
27 Internet Routing Protocols Routing Information Protocol (RIP) Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) ATM & INTERNET 7/99 27
28 Conclusions New generation of satellite link and networking products from COMSAT: Provides high quality ATM and Internet Services over satellite links Provides efficient use of satellite bandwidth Meets customer demands ATM & INTERNET 7/99 28
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