Medication Review. Cardiovascular Drugs. Pharmacy Technician Training Systems Passassured, LLC
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1 Medication Review Cardiovascular Drugs Pharmacy Technician Training Systems Passassured, LLC
2 Medication Review, Cardiovascular Drugs PassAssured's Pharmacy Technician Training Program Medication Review Cardiovascular Drugs Click Here for Glossary Index! Click Here to Print Topic Help File,.pdf (Internet Access is Required for this Feature) Cardiovascular System Cardiac Glycosides Antianginals Vasodilators Calcium Channel Blockers Angiotensin Angiotensin II Inhibitors Beta-Adrenergic Blockers Alpha-Adrenergic Blockers Pass Assured, LLC, Pharmacy Technician Training Systems Copyright Pass Assured, LLC, Web Site - -o- p2
3 PassAssured's Pharmacy Technician Training Program Medication Review Cardiovascular Drugs Click Here for Glossary Index! Click Here to Print Topic Help File,.pdf (Internet Access is Required for this Feature) Cardiovascular System Composed of the heart, arteries, capillaries, and veins Transports nutrients to tissues and removes wastes from tissues Arrhythmia Abnormal heart rhythm or heartbeats occur and vary from the normal orderly sequence. This can reduce the heart's ability to pump blood. Angina Chest pain is caused by an insufficient amount of oxygenated blood reaching the heart muscle. Endocarditis An infection involving the heart -o- Cardiac Glycosides Being obtained from the digitalis plant and exert powerful action on the heart, it also increases the muscle's contraction and improves irregular heartbeats. Use Congestive heart failure (CHF) Some arrhythmias p3
4 Unknown, but cardiac glycosides increase the contraction of the heart Nausea/vomiting Confusion Arrhythmias Yellow/green halos Low therapeutic index Digoxin (Lanoxicaps, Lanoxin Digitex) - Legend Drug Antiarrhythmics Help to restore and maintain normal heart rhythms Multiple classes have different effects on the heart to affect its rhythm. Nausea/vomiting Confusion Arrhythmias Lidocaine (Xylocaine ) - Legend Drug Procainamide (Procan ) - Legend Drug Quinidine (Quinidex ) - Legend Drug Amiodarone (Cordarone ) - Legend Drug Disopyramide (Norpace ) - Legend Drug Mexiletine (Mexitil ) - Legend Drug Flecainide (Tambocor ) - Legend Drug Propafenone (Rythmol ) - Legend Drug Adenosine (Adenocard ) - Legend Drug Dofetilide (Tikosyn ) - Legend Drug p4
5 Moricizine (Ethmozine ) - Legend Drug Dronedarone (Multaq ) - Legend Drug Antianginals Angina Decrease the amount of blood that returns to the heart, decreasing the heart rate or decreasing the resistance to pump, and decreases the amount of work for the heart Headaches - because of dilation of blood vessels Dizziness Low blood pressure Nitroglycerin (Nitrostat ) - Legend Drug Isosorbide Dinitrate (Isordil ) - Legend Drug Isosorbide Mononitrate (Imdur, ISMO, Monoket ) - Legend Drug Calcium channel blockers Nitroglycerin is also available as transdermal patches. NOTE: Nitroglycerin should avoid heat and be stored with a tightly sealed lid. Nitroglycerin must be administered in a glass I.V. container because Nitroglycerin readily undergoes absorption to many soft plastics. Vasodilators Peripheral vascular disease caused by arteriosclerosis and advanced diabetes Dilate peripheral blood vessels Increase blood flow to extremities by relaxing the smooth muscles of the blood vessels p5
6 Tachycardia (increased heart rate) Hydralazine (Apresoline ) - Legend Drug - Use to decrease blood pressure Nitroprusside (Nitropress ) - Legend Drug - Used in hospitals to decrease blood pressure Papaverine (Pavabid ) - Legend Drug Isoxsuprine (Vasodilan ) - Legend Drug Nitrates (Nitroglycerin, Isosorbide Dinitrate) - Legend Drug Phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor (PDE-5) Treat erectile dysfunction Treat pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). A phosphodiesterase type-5 (PDE-5) inhibitor, works to increase blood flow in the penis through vasodilation. PDE-5 is also used to treat pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) through vasodilation. Side Effect The occurrence of side effects with PDE5 inhibitors appears to be dose related. Headache Dizziness Flushing Dyspepsia Nasal congestion Rhinitis Contraindications PDE5 inhibitors are contraindicated in patients taking nitrate medication. They are also contraindicated in men for whom sexual intercourse is inadvisable because of cardiovascular risk factors. p6
7 There are three PDE5 medications taken by mouth that are approved in the United States. Sildenafil (Viagra) - Legend Drug - is a drug used to treat erectile dysfunction Revatio - Legend Drug - is used to treat pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Tadalafil (Cialis) - Legend Drug - is a drug used to treat erectile dysfunction Adcirca - Legend Drug - is used to treat pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Vardenafil (Levitra) - Legend Drug - is a drug used to treat erectile dysfunction Calcium Channel Blockers Use Hypertension Angina Dilate coronary arteries, reduce oxygen demand on the heart, and decrease heart rate Calcium channel blockers work by blocking voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs) in cardiac muscle and blood vessels. Constipation Nifedipine (Procardia ) - Legend Drug Verapamil (Calan, Isoptin ) - Legend Drug Diltiazem (Cardizem ) - Legend Drug Nicardipine (Cardene ) - Legend Drug Amlodipine (Norvasc ) - Legend Drug p7
8 Felodipine (Plendil ) - Legend Drug Nisoldipine (Sular ) - Legend Drug Bepridil (Vascor ) - Legend Drug Isradipine (DynaCirc ) - Legend Drug Clevidipine (Cleviprex ) - Legend Drug Angiotensin - Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors Hypertension Congestive heart failure Prevents the conversion of Angiotensin I and Angiotensin II NOTE: Angiotensin II causes vasoconstriction and fluid retention Cough - If the cough is persistent try another ACE Inhibitor Captopril (Capoten ) - Legend Drug Enalapril (Vasotec ) - Legend Drug Lisinopril (Zestril, Prinivil ) - Legend Drug Benazepril (Lotensin ) - Legend Drug Fosinopril (Monopril ) - Legend Drug Quinapril (Accupril ) - Legend Drug Ramipril (Altace ) - Legend Drug Moexipril (Univasc ) - Legend Drug Perindopril (Aceon ) - Legend Drug Trandolapril (Mavik ) - Legend Drug Angiotensin II Inhibitors Use Hypertension Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) p8
9 Inhibits Angiotensin II Reduces vasoconstriction and blood pressure Losartan (Cozaar ) - Legend Drug Valsartan (Diovan ) - Legend Drug Irbesartan (Avapro ) - Legend Drug Candersartan (Atacand ) - Legend Drug Telmisaratan (Micardis ) - Legend Drug Eprosaratan (Teveten ) - Legend Drug Olmesartan (Benicar ) - Legend Drug Beta-Adrenergic Blockers Hypertension Angina Inhibits the action at the beta receptors on the heart Some are selective for the beta cells only on the heart, while others are non-selective and can act in other places within the body, e.g. lungs. Hypotension Bronchoconstriction - not used with asthma patient- If used, must be with caution. Dizziness Atenolol (Tenormin ) - Legend Drug Metoprolol (Lopressor ) - Legend Drug Propranolol (Inderal ) - Legend Drug Nadol (Corgard ) - Legend Drug Pindolol (Visken ) - Legend Drug Sotalol (Betapace ) - Legend Drug p9
10 Acebutolol (Sectral ) - Legend Drug Labetalol (Normodyne, Trandate ) - Legend Drug Timolol (Blocadren, Timoptic ) - Legend Drug Bisoprolol (Zebeta ) - Legend Drug Alpha-Adrenergic Blockers Hypertension Severe congestive heart failure Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH ) Inhibits the action at the alpha receptors in the blood vessels Orthostatic hypotension Dizziness Prazosin (Minipress ) - Legend Drug - Hypertension Terazosin (Hytrin ) - Legend Drug - Hypertension and BPH Doxazosin (Cardura ) - Legend Drug - Hypertension and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) Tamsulosin (Flomax) - Legend Drug - Benign prostatic hyperplasia Alfuzosin (Uroxatral) - Legend Drug - Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) Silodosin (Rapaflo) Legend Drug - Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) Antilipidemic Agents Heart disease High cholesterol p10
11 Reduces serum lipids and minimizes the rate of new fat deposition. Decreases LDL, decreases Triglycerides Diarrhea Constipation Flushing Lovastatin (Mevacor ) - Legend Drug Gemfibrozil (Lopid ) - Legend Drug Nicotinic acid/niacin - B3 vitamin, plus increases HDL Cholestyramine (Questran ) - Legend Drug Pravastatin (Pravachol ) - Legend Drug Simvastatin (Zocor ) - Legend Drug Atorvastatin (Lipitor ) - Legend Drug Fluvastatin (Lescol ) - Legend Drug Colestipol (Colestid ) - Legend Drug Colesevelam (WelChol ) - Legend Drug Rosulvastatin (Crestor ) - Legend Drug Fenofibrate (Tricor ) - Legend Drug Ezetimibe (Zetia ) - Legend Drug Pass Assured, LLC, Pharmacy Technician Training Systems Copyright Pass Assured, LLC, Web Site - -o- p11
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