Manual General Ledger Journal Entry Policy and Procedure
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1 Responsible University Officials: University Finance Leads Responsible Offices: University Finance Date: January 2015 Manual General Ledger Journal Entry Policy and Procedure Contents 1. Policy Statement Scope Definitions Policy Journal Entry Activity Responsibility Matrix Appendix A: Manual Journal Entry Approval Hierarchy Appendix B: Manual Journal Entry Procedures Process Flow Appendix C: Manual Journal Entry Template Policy Statement This document defines the policies and procedures that ensure all manual journal entries recorded in the general ledger are properly prepared, reviewed, approved, recorded in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and stored in a uniform and consistent manner for easy accessibility. All Vanderbilt employees responsible for preparing, entering, or approving journal entries must be knowledgeable of journal entry policies and procedures. In addition, journal entry approvers must possess an appropriate level of Vanderbilt financial knowledge. 2. Scope This policy applies to all Vanderbilt employees involved in the creation, processing, approval, and recording of manual journal entries. This policy excludes journal entries that are system generated and posted automatically to the general ledger. This policy defines: 1) the process and tools for uploading and posting journal entries to the General Ledger 2) support documentation requirements and 3) documentation retention rules. 3. Definitions General Ledger The General Ledger contains all Vanderbilt financial transactions. Currently, the general ledger (system of record) is McCormick and Dodge. Journal Entry A journal entry records financial transactions in the general ledger. Vanderbilt utilizes the double entry accounting system, thus there are always both debit and credit journal entry lines and the total debits must equal the total credits. 1
2 Journal Entry Template - All journal entries must be prepared using the journal entry template located on the Finance website ( Detailed instructions for inputting information into the template are within the journal entry template excel file. Supporting Documentation Supporting documentation consists of source documents, supportive calculations, and/or other items necessary to substantiate the accuracy and appropriateness of a journal entry. All journal entries are required to have supporting documentation. Supporting documentation must be stored and available at the time the preparer submits the journal entry template for approval. Typical supporting documents include, but are not limited to, general ledger reports, worksheets with supportive calculations, copies of source documents such as check requests, purchase requisitions, travel expense reports, third party reports/statements, or related s. Approval Matrix The approval matrix outlines the minimum required approval level based on journal entry type and journal entry amount (Appendix A). Manual Journal Entry Types There are seven types of manual journal entries: A. Federal Contract or Grant Entry A journal entry that affects a Federal contract or grant related center. Given the regulatory requirements associated with federal contracts and grants, additional measures and documentation is required for federal contract and grant related general ledger entries. These entries involve Fund 4 (i.e. a center beginning with a 4 ), have an award type of C or G and a federal flag of Y. A federal contract or grant center can, in most cases, be identified by the center range between 4-XX-XXX-0001 and 4-XX-XXX-5499 (excluding internally designated centers 4-XX-999- XXXX and 4-XX-888-XXXX). B. Estimate Entry A journal entry requiring subjectivity or judgment to calculate. These entries typically impact bad debt reserves, paid time off (PTO) reserves, workers compensation reserves, actuarial liabilities and other estimates or reserves. C. Accrual/Deferral Entry A journal entry that impacts accounts payable, other accrued liabilities, or deferred revenue. Examples include entries to recognize expenses incurred but not recorded, entries for compensation earned but not recorded, and tuition revenue received but not earned. D. Investments Entry A journal entry primarily made by the Office of Investments or Central Finance areas that includes accounts that roll up to investments or investments in minority interests. E. Debt Entry A journal entry primarily made by the Treasury Department or Central Finance areas that includes accounts that roll up to commercial paper, interest rate exchange agreements or long-term debt. F. Internal Entry A journal entry that reflects internal activity, transfers, reclassifications, or corrections and has no consolidated impact. These entries include: a. funding transfers performed in compliance with the "Funding Transfers" P&P; b. distributions of shared revenues/expenses; c. reclassifications/corrections of accounts, centers, or funds; and d. other internal transactions that do not affect consolidated net assets. (i.e. these entries have no impact on the consolidated total fund balance) G. All other entries affecting net assets A journal entry affecting net assets not previously defined. Automated/System Generated Entry A journal entry that is generated and submitted to the general ledger through an interface with a subsidiary application/ledger (e.g. Human Resources, Accounts Payable, Payroll, Treasury, etc.). 2
3 Preparer The individual who creates the journal entry and compiles the supporting documentation. The preparer is responsible for uploading and archiving both the journal entry and supporting documentation into the designated storage medium. The preparer also submits the entry to the general ledger coordinator for upload. Approver The individual who is responsible for reviewing the journal entry template and supporting documentation for validity, accuracy, and completeness prior to approving for posting it into the General Ledger. General Ledger Coordinator The individual responsible for confirming the appropriate person approved the journal entry submittal (i.e. journal entry template and supporting documentation). This person is responsible for uploading the completed journal entry template into the general ledger. 4. Policy a) Journal entries are required to have an approver that is different from the preparer. b) The journal entry preparer is required to submit the completed journal entry template and supporting documentation to the designated approver for approval. c) Journal entries must be approved in accordance with the journal entry approval matrix. d) Evidence of journal entry approval is required to be in the form of a written signature or electronic approval via . e) Approved journal entries and supporting documentation are required to be archived and stored electronically by the preparer in a designated storage location for easy accessibility. f) All journal entries initiated from the Office of Contract and Grant Accounting (OCGA) are required to comply with the specific regulatory guidelines from the respective governing entities. Related policies are located at 5. Journal Entry Activity Responsibility Matrix The table below lists key journal entry activities and the responsible parties. Activity Preparer Approver General Ledger Coordinator Prepare journal entry template & supporting documentation Save supporting documentation in assigned location Submit journal entry for approval Review journal entry template and supporting documentation Approve journal entry Submit journal entry to the General Ledger Coordinator Upload journal entry to general ledger confirmation of the journal entry upload to preparer and approver 3
4 Add JEID to JE template Archive journal entry in assigned location 4
5 Appendix A: Manual Journal Entry Approval Hierarchy Vanderbilt University Manual Journal Entry Approval Hierarchy (select first category that applies to entry) This does not cover system generated or programmed JE's (prorate tables are covered under separate policy) Risk (1 = Low; 4=high) Type Name Type Ref A Entries including any contract or grant center See Note (1) Entries impacting reserves (A/R; accrual reserves; vacation liab; B deferred rev; self ins liab; split int liab) See Note (2) Entries impacting accruals (Accounts payable and accrued C liabilities; Accrued compensation and withholdings) and deferrals (Deferred revenue) See Note (3) Entries impacting Investments (Investments; Investments D allocable to noncontrolling interests) See Note (4) Entries impacting Debt (Commercial paper; Long term debt and E capital leases; Fair value of interest rate exchange agreements) See Note (5) Senior Accountant; Administrative Officer Minimum Approval Level (Based on Total Debits or "Control Total" of JE) Sr. Acct Manager; Asst Controller; Finance/ School Business Finance Director; Accounting Officer; Asst Assoc Finance Manager Finance Director Director Note (1) Asst VC; Assoc VC; VC or Specific Delegate N/A N/A $0 $500k $500k $5M >$5M $0 $50k $50k $500k $500k $2M $2M $20M >$20M N/A N/A $0 $50M $50M $200M >$200M N/A $0 $50M $50M $100M N/A >$100M F Entries reflecting internal activity, transfers, reclassifications, or corrections having no consolidated impact. Includes funding transfers, inter divisional transactions and allocations, and reclasses between centers, accounts or divisions. See Note (6) $0 $50k $50k $250k $250k $1M $1M $10M >$10M G All other Entries (impacting net assets) $0 $50k $50k $250k $250k $1M $1M $10M >$10M Note (1) Note (2) Note (3) Note (4) Note (5) Note (6) All entries > $3,000 that impact any federal contract or grant center must be approved by a member of the OCGA. A cost transfer (a transfer of an existing expenditure from one federal project to another federal project) must follow the Cost Transfer Policy and be approved by OCGA. Account numbers include 14500/14510 Reserve for Bad Debt;26050/26080/26090/26200 Health & audit reserves; Vacation reserves; Def Rev Act Fee reserve; 25375/25380/25385 W/C reserves Account numbers include 20XXX, 21XXX, 23XXX, 24XXX, 25XXX, 26030, 27XXX (except for those specific accounts listed elsewhere) Account numbers include 12XXX accounts Account numbers include 20520, 20530, 28050, 28055, 28100, 28200, 28300, These entries include transactions that do NOT impact net assets/fund balance, but reflect movement between income statement accounts or movement between balance sheet accounts. Some examples include: funding transfers done in compliance with the "Funding Transfers" P&P; internal activity transactions done in compliance with the "Intercompany Transactions and Allocations" P&P; distributions of shared revenues/expenses; and reclassifications/corrections of accounts, centers, or funds. 5
6 Appendix B: Manual Journal Entry Procedures Process Flow The flowchart below outlines the activities associated with the manual journal entry process. Draft Future State Journal Entry Process Flow This process flow outlines the activities associated with preparing, submitting, reviewing, approving and archiving a journal entry and related supporting documentation. This flow is meant to be read in conjunction with companion documents that cover the following: Policies, Approval Matrix, Procedure, Journal Entry Template and Illustrative Examples Phase Division Journal Entry Preparer Journal Entry Initiated Retrieve the Journal Entry Template file from Finance website A Fill out the Journal Entry Template Examples of Supporting Documentation can be found in the Journal Policy & Procedure Attach Supporting Documentation Input Preparer Identification within the Journal Entry Template Submit Journal Entry and supporting documentation to Approver based on Approval Matrix Note > Scanning the supporting documentation into 1 pdf file is a best practice, but as long as all supporting documentation is electronic (i.e. Word; Excel), it is appropriate. B Document nomenclature is JEID_YYYYMM Convert all files including supporting documentation, final Journal Entry Template, and proof of approval into one PDF document Label document to be archived with defined Vanderbilt nomenclature Save file into designated storage location Journal Entry Completed Division Journal Entry Approver Review Journal Entry Template and supporting documentation for completeness and accuracy notification to Preparer No Is Journal Entry approved? Yes A Confirm Approval either by written signature or statement of approval in Preparer submit Journal Entry to General Ledger Coordinator and Copy the Approver General Ledger Coordinator Did the appropriate Approver submit the Journal Entry? No notification to Preparer and Approver Yes Upload the Journal Entry to General Ledger B confirmation of the upload to the Preparer and Approver This process flow outlines the activities associated with preparing, submitting, reviewing, approving and archiving a journal entry and related supporting documentation. This flow is meant to be read in conjunction with companion documents that cover the following : Policies, Appro val Matrix, Procedure, Jour nal En try Template and Illu str ative Examp les 6
7 Appendix C: Manual Journal Entry Template 7
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