Evaluation and Testing of Quality of Service in Realistic, High-Performance Networks. Quality of Service

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1 Evaluation and Testing of Quality of Service in Realistic, High-Performance Networks John W. Lockwood, Christopher Neely Christopher Zuver Reconfigurable Network Group Applied Research Laboratory Computer Science and Engineering Washington University in St. Louis Presented for Boeing QoS Summit, February 16, 2004 Not classified, Not proprietary 1Extensible - Lockwood - Evaluation Networking and Test Platform of Networks with Quality of Service 1 Quality of Service Quality of Service Enables real-time applications to run over Internet-style networks Ensures bandwidth properly allocated among multiple applications Can provide virtual link with end-to-end guarantee on bandwidth and delay Can drop or re-order packets under heavy load Is a Zero-sum game : Some flows receive better service Other flows receive degraded service Extensible Networking Platform Lockwood - Evaluation and Test of Networks with Quality of Service

2 Example of QoS - RSVP RSVP daemon Makes reservation Admission control Checks for resources Policy control Checks permissions Packet classifier Determines packet QOS Packet scheduler Order packets for QOS Applications RSVP Daemon Packet Classifier Packet Scheduler Policy Admission Data Extensible Networking Platform Lockwood - Evaluation and Test of Networks with Quality of Service QoS in Distributed and Mobile Networks Challenges with QoS in distributed and mobile networks Bandwidth can change on wireless links due to variable channel noise and radio errors Network topology can change as network component added, relocated, or destroyed. Applications adapt to make best use of available resources Wireless Link Scheduler Wireless Link Wireless Link Copyright John W Lockwood... Switch... All Rights Reserved Scheduler Copyright John W. Lockwood All Rights Reserved User Interface Authentication User Registration Address Allocation Traffic Monitoring Copyright John W Lockwood Switch All Rights Reserved Bandwidth Manager Internet Intranet Extensible Networking Platform Lockwood - Evaluation and Test of Networks with Quality of Service

3 Quality of Service with Wireless Links Everything as before, Plus: Middleware Provides common functions for higher-level services Publish / Subscribe Wireless Link Monitor Tracks available bandwidth of radio channel Adaptive Packet Scheduler Order packets for QOS Packet Classifier Applications Middleware QoS Manager Adaptive Packet Scheduler Policy Admission Wireless Link Monitor Data Extensible Networking Platform Lockwood - Evaluation and Test of Networks with Quality of Service Flow Descriptors Flowspec: Desired QoS Tolerable Delay Average Throughput Maximum Burstiness Filterspec: Select Packets to Receive QoS Sender Address Destination Address Protocol UDP/TCP ports Content Extensible Networking Platform Lockwood - Evaluation and Test of Networks with Quality of Service

4 Example Internet Packet Source Address = (dotted.decimal) Destination Address = (dotted.decimal) Source Port = 4096 (decimal) Destination Port = 80 (decimal) Protocol = TCP (6) Payload contains keywords { CONTENT (0), CONTENT (1) } Content Vector = (binary) = x 03 (hex) Content = 03 Src IP (hex) = 80FC0505 Dest IP (hex) = 8D8E0202 Src Port = 1000 Dest Port = 0050 Proto = 06 All values shown In hex Extensible Networking Platform Lockwood - Evaluation and Test of Networks with Quality of Service Sample Filter Specification Source Address = / 16 Destination Address = / 16 Source Port = Don t Care Destination Port = 80 Protocol = TCP (6) Payload includes general SPAM (List 0) Conten t= 01 Src IP value = 80FC0000 Dest IP (hex) = 8D8E0000 Src Port = 0000 Dest Port = 50 Proto = 06 Value Conten t= 01 Src IP (hex) = FFFF0000 Dest IP (hex) = FFFF Src Port = 0000 Dest Port = FFFF 8 7 Proto = FF 0 Mask: 1=care 0=don t care Content= = 03 Src IP (hex) = 80FC0505 Dest IP (hex) = 8D8E0202 Src Port = 1000 Dest Port = 0050 Proto = 06 DROP the packet : It matches the filter IP Packet Extensible Networking Platform Lockwood - Evaluation and Test of Networks with Quality of Service

5 Packet Classifier 16 bits Flow ID [1] 112 bits CAM MASK [1] CAM VALUE [1] Flow ID [2] CAM MASK [2] Flow ID 16 bits Flow ID [3] CAM VALUE [2] --CAM Table -- CAM MASK [3] Resulting Flow Identifier... Flow ID [N]... CAM VALUE [3]... CAM MASK [N] CAM VALUE [N] Flow List Bits in IP Header Priority Encoder Mask Matchers Value Comparators Payload Match Bits Source Address Source Port Destination Address Extensible Networking Platform Lockwood - Evaluation and Test of Networks with Quality of Service Dest. Port Protocol Queue Manager & Packet Scheduler Data Flow Buffer SRAM ler Flow ID Tail Next Tail Queue Manager Packet Scheduler Head P0 Next Head Enqueue FSM P1 P2 P3 Dequeue FSM Extensible Networking Platform Lockwood - Evaluation and Test of Networks with Quality of Service

6 Technology for Processing Network Data General Purpose Microprocessors Fully Reprogrammable Optimized for general purpose purpose computing Sequential Processing Custom Packet Processing Hardware Highly concurrent processing Optimized for specific networking application Static Functionality Network Processors Fully Reprogrammable Some concurrent processing (8-32 cores) Some hardware optimized for applications Extensible Network Hardware Fully Programmable Highly concurrent processing Hardware optimized Extensible Networking Platform Lockwood - Evaluation and Test of Networks with Quality of Service Previous Work on Megabit-rate Packet Schedulers Wireless Base Stations Packet Scheduler Wireless LAN Adapter Netwave Airsurfer+ Wireline LAN Adapter Fast Ethernet Mobiles Linux Laptops References Implementation of the Multiclass Priority Fair Queuing (MPFQ) Algorithm for Extending Quality of Service in Existing Backbones to Wireless Endpoints, by Jay Moorman and John Lockwood; IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (GLOBECOM 1999), December, 1999 Extensible Networking Platform Lockwood - Evaluation and Test of Networks with Quality of Service

7 CBR: MPFQ < FQ rtvbr: MPFQ < FQ nrtvbr: MPFQ > FQ Extensible Networking Platform Lockwood - Evaluation and Test of Networks with Quality of Service Current work on Gigabit-Rate Packet Schedulers Hard real-time Reconfigurable hardware Scalable Gigabit/second throughput Extensible Packet classification Flow scheduling Traffic Monitoring Packet Classification, QoS Scheduling, & Traffic Monitoring Circuits Interface to packet storage memories Protocol Wrappers Processes Internet packets Data Interfaces Read/write packets to network Buffer data in off-chip memory Data Input UDP/TCP IP Processor Frame Processor Cell Processor Data Output Extensible Networking Platform Lockwood - Evaluation and Test of Networks with Quality of Service

8 Gigabit Rate Packet Processing Architecture Interfaces to OffChip Memories Xilinx XCV2000E FPGA SDRAM 2 ler Content Scanner TCAM Filter Payload Match Bits SDRAM 1 ler Network Statistics Module Flow ID Free List Manager SRAM 1 ler Flow Buffer Queue Manager Packet Scheduler Layered Protocol Wrappers Extensible Platform 15 - Lockwood - Networking Evaluation and Test of Networks with Quality of Service 15 Implementation of Packet Processor in FPGA Extensible Platform 16 - Lockwood - Networking Evaluation and Test of Networks with Quality of Service 16

9 Switch Port 64 MB SDRAM ZBT SRAM Field Programamble Port Extender (FPX) Reconfiguration Interface Bitstream Cache Reconfiguration Logic Packet Classification, QoS Scheduling, & Traffic Monitoring Circuits UDP/TCP IP IP Processor Frame Frame Processor Processor Cell Cell Processor Processor Network Switch Network Interfaces Logic NID 64 MB SDRAM ZBT SRAM Line Card Reprogrammable Application Device (RAD) Dynamic circuit implemented on FPGA SRAM and SDRAM Reprogrammable over network Network Interface Device (NID) Static circuit implemented on FPGA s FPX Full packet switch with per-flow routing Programs RAD over net Extensible Networking Platform Lockwood - Evaluation and Test of Networks with Quality of Service Photograph of the FPX Evolvable Internet Hardware Platforms, by John W. Lockwood, NASA/DoD Workshop on Evolvable Hardware (EHW'01), Long Beach, CA, July 12-14, 2001, pp Extensible Networking Platform Lockwood - Evaluation and Test of Networks with Quality of Service

10 Platform for Generating, Scheduling, and Montoring Network Traffic Extensible Networking Platform Lockwood - Evaluation and Test of Networks with Quality of Service Evaluation and Test of QoS-Enabled Networks Provide flexibility to emulate multiple network topologies Provide scalability to process large amounts of traffic Real-time traffic generation Real-time traffic measurement Enable real-time interaction between middleware and networking hardware Extensible Networking Platform Lockwood - Evaluation and Test of Networks with Quality of Service

11 Logical View of Boeing QoS Testbed Plan Data Flow Flow Traffic Multiplexer Host Traffic Source Traffic Source Gigabit Ethernet GigE FPX Traffic Monitor FPX Traffic Generator PDA PDA Wireless Link Wireless Link Gigabit Ethernet Traffic Demultiplexer FPX Packet Schedulers Extensible Networking Platform Lockwood - Evaluation and Test of Networks with Quality of Service Physical View of hardware for Boeing Experiments FPX WUGS FPX FPX FPX Extensible Networking Platform Lockwood - Evaluation and Test of Networks with Quality of Service

12 and Configuration Communication to FPX can be performed via Web / CGI Sockets Middleware Software NCHARGE provides API to control and configures FPX hardware Distributed, QoS-Enabled Applications Middleware NCHARGE CGI Web-based Application Apache FPX Software Allows multiple control devices to remotely connect and control common FPX resources Live, Real-time, Network Traffic Extensible Network Hardware Extensible Networking Platform Lockwood - Evaluation and Test of Networks with Quality of Service Flow Specification QoS Applet Bandwidth Flow Specification Class Allocations Flow Parameters Flow # 105 Source IP Src. Port Destination IP Dest. Port Protocol Any Any TCP Netmask Mask Netmask Mask Sets the CAM rule Add Modify Delete Go Send UDP Packet Extensible Networking Platform Lockwood - Evaluation and Test of Networks with Quality of Service

13 Per-Flow Bandwidth Parameters QoS Applet Bandwidth Flow Specification Class Allocations Flow Parameters Flow # 105 Flight Status Channel Avg. Rate Peak Rate Unspecified Bit Rate: Mbps Mbps Variable Bit Rate: 500 Mbps 950 Mbps Constant Bit Rate: 45 Mbps Maximum Allowable Latency: seconds Go Extensible Networking Platform Lockwood - Evaluation and Test of Networks with Quality of Service Transmit Bandwidth Adjustment QoS Applet Bandwidth Flow Specification Class Allocations Flow Parameters Pacer Low Bit Rate Full-Speed 100 Kbps 1 Mbps 10 Mbps 100 Mbps 1 Gbps Adjust the output bandwidth Enable QoS Go Extensible Networking Platform Lockwood - Evaluation and Test of Networks with Quality of Service

14 WU Laboratory Testing Live Traffic Testing of network systems with Quality of Service at Gigabit/second Rates Extensible Networking Platform Lockwood - Evaluation and Test of Networks with Quality of Service Mobile System FPX-based Processor Standalone operation Gigabit Ethernet Manager Extensible Networking Platform Lockwood - Evaluation and Test of Networks with Quality of Service

15 Summary Extensible networks provides flexibility to Emulate large networks Topology set via soft configuration of switches Classify packets using fields of header or payload Schedule packets for transmission over links FPX provides scalability to: Classify and schedule packets at high speed Generate traffic at Gigabit per second rates Measure traffic with high accuracy Accurate to 16 billionths of second Networking software provides Standard, socket-based Application Programming Interface (API) Web-based interfaces for control and configuration Ability to interact with middleware Overall System Provides platform to test and evaluate live traffic in real time. Extensible Networking Platform Lockwood - Evaluation and Test of Networks with Quality of Service Current and Future Work Network testbed Gigabit/second switching, packet scheduling, and filtering Wireless LAN links connected to laptop and PDA hardware Generate components for network instrumentation Traffic generation of cross traffic Traffic monitoring and packet time stamping Develop and test new switching and packet scheduling technology QoS-enabled Gigabit/second speed Integrate signaling between hardware with middleware Work with Boeing to deploy and test QoS-enabled services Extensible Networking Platform Lockwood - Evaluation and Test of Networks with Quality of Service

16 More Information Wireless Packet Schedulers Implementation of the Multiclass Priority Fair Queuing (MPFQ) Algorithm for Extending Quality of Service in Existing Backbones to Wireless Endpoints, by Jay Moorman and John Lockwood; IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (GLOBECOM 1999), Pgs Wireless LAN Networks Implementation of Campus-wide Wireless Network Services using ATM, Virtual LANs, and Wireless Basestations, by John W. Lockwood; IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC). September 21-23, 1999, Paper TA3.3.» FPX Platform Evolvable Internet Hardware Platforms, by John W. Lockwood, NASA/DoD Workshop on Evolvable Hardware (EHW'01), Long Beach, CA, July 12-14, 2001, pp An Extensible, System-On-Programmable-Chip, Content-Aware Internet Firewall, by John W. Lockwood, Christopher Neely, Christopher Zuver, James Moscola, Sarang Dharmapurikar, and David Lim; Field Programmable Logic and Applications (FPL), Paper 14B, Sep 1-3, Automated Tools to Implement and Test Internet Systems in Reconfigurable Hardware, by John W. Lockwood, Chris Neely, Chris Zuver, Dave Lim; SIGCOMM Computer Communications Review (CCR), vol 33, no 3, July 2003, pp Network Security with the FPX Internet Worm and Virus Protection in Dynamically Reconfigurable Hardware; by John W. Lockwood, James Moscola, Matthew Kulig, David Reddick, Tim Brooks, Military and Aerospace Programmable Logic Device (MAPLD), Washington DC, 2003, Paper E10, Sep 9-11, 2003 On-line References PDF versions of all of these papers and more can be downloaded on-line as: Extensible Networking Platform Lockwood - Evaluation and Test of Networks with Quality of Service