CHAPTER 1 LEASING: HISTORY AND TRENDS. By the end of this chapter, the student will be able to:
|
|
- Kristopher Bennett
- 8 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 CHAPTER 1 LEASING: HISTORY AND TRENDS By the end of this chapter, the student will be able to: LEARNING OBJECTIVES 1. Describe the two basic types of leases. 2. List at least five nontax attributes of leasing. 3. Explain why leasing is so popular. Leasing has become one of the major sources of capital formation in the country in recent years. The decision of a company to lease or buy equipment is a complex one involving tax regulations, accounting principles, debt structure impact, financing choices, credit lines, and other important factors. This increasing activity in the leasing area has resulted in bank participation as a growing portion of the business. Some of the leaders in the industry include Security Pacific National Bank, Citibank, Bank of America, Chemical Bank, and Chase Manhattan Bank. Much of what they and others lease nowadays includes aircraft, autos, electronics, heavy vehicles, computers, and office, manufacturing, and construction equipment. Although leasing has become extremely popular during the last few decades, it is certainly not a novel concept in the world of business. Leasing finds its origins in antiquity. Leasing of farmland and ships occurred as far back in time as the Phoenician era. In feudal times, real estate was leased to tenants who paid who paid their rent in commodities grown on the land their masters owned. However, the leasing of personal property-autos, aircraft, office equipment, and the like-is a relatively new concept. Understanding why leasing has expanded to these new areas is essential to an understanding of leasing itself. In comprehending the underlying causes of leasing's popularity, lessees will be better prepared to negotiate and structure leases, and lessors can predict profitable new opportunities within the industry and cope with changes in the business environment. Prior to discussing the reasons why leasing is popular, the reader should become familiar with basic leasing terminology regarding such topics as lessors (owners of the property) and lease types. The following provides an overview of the major types of lessors and lease classifications. LESSORS There are basically four types of lessors: commercial bank or bank-related, captive leasing subsidiaries of equipment; manufacturers, independents, and
2 financial intermediaries such as investment bankers and insurance companies that bring parties together. Whereas independents may account for the largest membership category of equipment lessors, they generally do not have the overall financial capability of the banks, bank-related entities, and captive leasing companies to handle a large volume of lease transactions. Banks are major players in the leasing market, and captives are important to manufacturers in promoting sales. A captive leasing company often can better serve the client because it has extensive knowledge of the product and can predict the residual value of an asset with greater accuracy. This removes some of the risk to the lessee and may result in a lower lease payment. BASIC LEASE TYPES There are basically two types of leases: capital and operating. Capital leases are often for longer terms and generally provide for the transfer of ownership to the lessee at the end of the lease. Operating leases are usually for shorter periods and often contain renewable options along with maintenance or service options. Most equipment is leased by direct financing or through a single investor, whereby the lessor provides 100 percent financing for the equipment. Property covered through this type of arrangement includes computers, autos, and office machinery. Third-party investors often help lessors finance the purchase of expensive items such as oil drilling rigs, aircraft, and rail transportation equipment. This type of financial lease is referred to as leveraged leasing. WHY LEASING IS SO POPULAR Leasing has become popular in recent years because there has been a trend focusing on the ability to use property rather than on the legal ownership of property. Other reasons often mentioned include the sharing of tax benefits between lessors and lessees. However, the big incentive for leasing continues to be its nontax attributes. These include flexibility of leases, leasing as a hedge against obsolescence and inflation, servicing and maintenance contracts, convenience, cheaper costs (economies of scale), offbalance-sheet financing (when the lease does not appear on the face of the balance sheet), and a simple inability to obtain the financing to buy. A discussion of leasing attributes follows. Many businesspeople have come to realize that the use of a piece of equipment is far more important to the production of income than the possession of a piece of paper conveying title to the equipment. In fact, if equipment can be used by someone for most of its economic life without his or her having the full legal responsibilities, risks, and burdens of ownership, then why should he or she ever desire to own it? Even farmers and ranchers, who may have traditionally valued land ownership, now readily acknowledge that the use of land is more important than owning it. USE VERSUS OWNERSHIP
3 A similar change in emphasis has occurred in the accounting field. Until World War II, the accounting profession tended to judge a company's success by its balance sheet-that is, by what it owned. Net worth was the all-important yardstick (proprietary theory). As companies moved into the postwar expansionary period, they financed their growth with borrowed funds. The lenders of these funds were more interested in having their interest paid when due than in the net worth of the company (entity theory). This shift in emphasis in accounting brought the income statement into prominence. The income statement measures the result of the use of what is owned and, from the income results, interest is paid to creditors. The balance sheet, therefore, began to take a second position. For example, the last-in-first-out (LIFO) inventory method better matches inflationary rises in cost with the inflated revenue shown on the income statement, but this method acts to the detriment of the balance sheet since LIFO inventories are carried on the balance sheet at costs far below market prices. Consequently, LIFO balance sheets understate costs in order to make the income statement more accurate, thus making measuring the results of the use of assets more important than measuring the ownership of assets. Since operating leases are a form of off-balance-sheet financing, a company's return on assets is improved; such improvement occurs because net income is divided by a smaller asset base. Since a company's operating results are frequently judged by return on assets (leasing an asset without obtaining ownership avoids capitalization and inclusion in the balance sheet, thus causing return on assets to increase), the use of operating leases may be helpful. A big boost to leasing over the years had been the sharing of large tax benefits between lessors and lessees created through accelerated depreciation and investment tax write-offs. Lessees in low or negative tax positions would not be able to enjoy the full tax benefits through asset ownership. However, lessors in high tax positions would often share some of the tax benefits through competitive lease pricing. In 1981, Congress enacted the Economic Recovery Tax Act (ERTA), which significantly increased the tax benefits through the Accelerated Cost Recovery System (ACRS) by shortening the recovery period for the investment tax credit (ITC). In addition, ERTA introduced safe-harbor leasing, which liberalized the provisions of leasing by removing stringent profit-motive standards. With safe-harbor leasing, lessors and lessees could engage in a transaction motivated by a pure tax benefit transfer. Under prior legislation, this was illegal. Since 1981, every major tax bill has included provisions that remove some of the tax incentives created through leasing. The Tax Equity and Fiscal Responsibility Act of 1982 (TEFRA) repealed the safe-harbor rules of ERTA and established "finance lease" rules that mandated that leases need to have a substantive economic purpose other than for tax benefit transfers. The Deficit Reduction Act (DRA) of 1984 further modified some of the tax rules by changing the ITC and reducing some of the depreciation available on property leased to tax-exempt entities. Finally, the Tax Reform Act of 1986 had an impact on equipment leasing, since the law eliminated the investment tax credit, modified the TAX CONSIDERATIONS
4 depreciation allowances, lowered corporate tax rates, and increased the corporate minimum tax. The first three concerns all reduced the tax benefits associated with equipment ownership, and the corporate minimum tax restricts the capacity of lessors to engage in tax-related transactions. While leasing in the past may have gained from the investment credit and other tax benefits, it does not depend on the the code for its survival. Much of the leasing growth in recent years has been a result of nontax attributes. While many lease and tax experts generally agree that some companies, especially nonfinancial companies that did leveraged leasing primarily for the tax advantage, have left the leasing market, they also point out that a principal purpose of leasing is for asset use, not ownership. NONTAX ATTRIBUTES FLEXIBILITY OF LEASES Flexibility is a primary factor in the recent growth of leasing. The ability of the lessor to structure the terms of a lease agreement specifically, regarding both the physical usage and financing of the property, should continue to support leasing in the years ahead. A brief list of several types of lease follows: A swap lease allows the lessee to exchange equipment in need of repair for properly working replacement equipment, thus avoiding costly maintenance delays. Conventional financiers seldom allow such exchanges because there are legal complexities involved in exchanging collateral. In an upgrade lease, automatic exchange of outmoded equipment with upgraded equipment is provided for during the lease. A master lease is a blanket lease that covers numerous articles of equipment that arrive over a period of time. In a joint-venture lease, several lessees join together to lease an expensive piece of equipment. With a variable payment lease, if equipment may remain idle during a portion of a company's fiscal year because of adverse weather conditions or other factors, the lease can be designed to omit payments during this period each year. In a trial period lease, a period of trial use of up to six months is provided for; during this time, the lessee can decide whether the asset will accomplish the required task, and, more important, whether it will generate revenue. This removes a good deal of the speculative risk from the lessee's acquisition of an asset. In addition to allowing flexible provisions, as previously described, leases seldom contain the restrictive covenants usually found in loan agreements. For example, some loan agreements prohibit future financing of equipment until the loan is paid down significantly; leasing generally allows further expansion without restriction. OBSOLESCENCE OF EQUIPMENT Another reason why use of equipment has been emphasized is that penalties are attached to the ownership of equipment, such as computers, developed by high-technology industries undergoing rapid growth. Some computers have even become obsolete between the order date and the
5 delivery date-and who wants to own an outmoded piece of equipment? Short-term, cancelable leases permit firms to avoid the pitfalls of owning obsolete equipment. If a piece of equipment becomes outdated, the lessee cancels the lease and orders updated equipment (upgrade lease). A renewable operating lease enables a lessee to transfer the obsolescence risk to the lessor who, presumably, is in a better position to resell a product and forecast the residual value of a piece of equipment. Some lessors even specialize in equipment for which the risk of technological obsolescence is great. COST AND CONVENIENCE Some lessees are attracted to leasing because of lower costs, fewer down payment requirements, and convenience. Leasing companies generally require a lower down payment than other financial institutions. For example, the typical lease requires the first and last rental payments in advance (representing 2 to 4 percent down), whereas many banks require 10 to 20 percent as a down payment. In addition, other incidental costs of acquiring the asset, such as sales tax and installation charges, can be included as part of the lease payments rather than being paid in advance along with the large down payment (as required by lenders). Frequently, the opportunity cost of tying up cash in equipment acquisitions is high enough that it almost necessitates leasing as an alternative. This is especially true for rapidly growing companies where available funds are tied up in accounts receivable and inventory. For instance, if an owner of a successful, small but growing firm wants a piece of equipment that he or she cannot afford to buy from internally generated or borrowed funds, he or she may be able to lease it immediately. LEASING AS AN INFLATION HEDGE Compared to conventional equipment financing, with its large down payments and short-term payouts, leasing may offer a hedge against inflation. The longer terms and lower down payment generally available in a lease may allow the lessee to pay future lease payments with inflated dollars. The lessor can obtain protection from inflation as well by borrowing long-term and passing this protection to the lessee in the form of equal lease payments over a long term. Generally speaking, it is better to borrow longterm in a period of inflation, assuming one's revenue sources are expected to inflate correspondingly and assuming that future inflation is not already factored into the borrowing rate or lease price. ECONOMIES OF SCALE Certain leasing companies, because of their large size, can effect savings in the form of quantity discounts received from volume purchasing. Such savings can be partially passed on to the lessee. Additional savings from economies of scale may be obtained through the service lease, in which the cost of maintaining the leased equipment is included as part of each rental payment. Autos, trucks, computers, and office copiers are examples of equipment often accompanied by a maintenance and service contract. Many lessees believe that leasing companies, due to familiarity with the equipment and their large size, may be more proficient in servicing the equipment and will therefore pass along any savings. However, it does not always follow that
6 large size and efficiency go hand in hand. Therefore, it is necessary to compare lease rates charged by competing companies. Large leasing companies usually have access to secondary markets in which returned equipment may be resold. Since operating leases tend to be short-term in nature, a great reliance is placed on the resale or salvage value. Lessors assume the risk of the resale value and are often willing to wait until the end of the lease term to realize their return objective. Thus, they are able to reduce their front-end cost to the lessee and may require a lower lease payment. OFF-BALANCE-SHEET FINANCING Leases that meet certain accounting criteria are not capitalized on the balance sheet of the lessee. Thus, the lessee can acquire the use of equipment without showing the lease as a liability on its balance sheet. As explained in the next chapter, this attribute is not as significant as it once was, owing to stricter reporting requirements and more sophisticated creditors. However, some, creditors may not consider leases as debt if they are properly structured. This may enlarge the firm's overall debt capacity. THE FUTURE The Tax Return Act of 1986 has resulted in fewer tax-oriented leases as the loss of tax benefits increases the relative cost of leasing. Nevertheless, nontax attributes associated with operating losses, such as assumption of residual risk, service contracts, and insurance provisions, will continue to make certain that the leasing industry continues to prosper.
7 INSTRUCTIONAL PROGRAMMING 1 I. Emphasis has been changed in recent years from 1. (b) to of assets. (a) cost... salvage value (b) ownership...use (c) utility... size (d) none of the above 2. Provision for replacement of obsolete equipment is in the 2. (d) lease. (a) sales type capital (b) service (c) leveraged (d) upgrade 3. Leasing offers a possible hedge against inflation because long-term 3. True (future) lease payments may be made with inflated dollars. ( ) True ( ) False 4. Because leasing companies allow lower down payments and do not 4. (c) require payment in advance of incidentals such as sales tax, a lessee can put its to more profitable use. (a) fixed assets (b) long-term debt (c) working capital (d) lease payments
8 5. Economies of sale can offer lessees cost savings through a 5. (a) lease that includes the cost of of equipment as part of each rental payment. (a) service... maintenance (b) service... replacement (c) sales type capital... replacement (d) sales type capital... maintenance 6. Leasing has many advantages despite the fact that it involves more 6. False red tape than buying does. ( ) True ( ) False 7. A lease in which several lessees lease an expensive piece of equip- 7. (c) ment is called a lease; banks usually do not accept these leases. (a) master (b) swap (c) joint-venture (d) full-payout 8. Leasing may enable a lessee to use assets without disclosing a finan- 8. True cial obligation directly on the financial statements. This may increase the amount of available debt financing to the lessees. ( ) True ( ) False 9. Which of the following are nontax attributes of leasing? 9. (e) (a) Obsolescence of equipment (b) Depreciation considerations (c) Convenience (d) Economies of scale (e) a, c, and d 10. The 1986 Tax Reform Act generally (increased/decreased) the tax 10. decreased benefits associated with ownership.
You can select the equipment by working with a vendor or a manufacturer, which offers leasing.
Why Should I Lease Equipment? As businesses prepare to compete and grow in a new millennium, many are searching for proven new ways to address their equipment financing challenge. The old ways won't meet
More informationEquipment Leasing Purchasing Guide
Equipment Leasing Purchasing Guide Introduction to the Equipment Leasing Buying Process What s inside: Trends Terms Leasing Types Choosing a Dealer Equipment leasing has become an increasingly popular
More informationAgriculture & Business Management Notes...
Agriculture & Business Management Notes... Farm Machinery & Equipment -- Buy, Lease or Custom Hire Quick Notes... Selecting the best method to acquire machinery services presents a complex economic problem.
More information50-30-01 Equipment Leasing Nathan J. Muller
50-30-01 Equipment Leasing Nathan J. Muller Payoff Data communications managers today are responsible not only for selecting equipment, but also for recommending purchasing arrangements. Although contract
More informationAFM 391 Case Concepts
AFM 391 Case Concepts a. Why do companies lease assets rather than buy them? 1. 100% financing at fixed rates. Leases are often signed without requiring any money down from the lessee, which helps to conserve
More informationAdapted, with permission, from The Canadian Institute of Chartered Accountants, Toronto, Canada, October, 1998.
Introduction to LEASING Adapted, with permission, from The Canadian Institute of Chartered Accountants, Toronto, Canada, October, 1998. COMMON LEASING TERMS The following list comprises some standard definitions
More informationA Leveraged Lease Primer
A Leveraged Lease Primer Understanding the tax and accounting treatments of this powerful equipment finance tool. The leveraged lease product has been used by many large corporations to finance capital
More informationLease vs. Buy. Lease. Benefits of Leasing Various types to meet your needs. Optimize cash flow. No loan. Maintain credit.
www.stma.org Lease vs. Buy Deciding if you are going to lease or buy equipment depends on your situation. In general, leasing is more appropriate for businesses with limited capital or need equipment upgrades
More informationTHE LEASE VERSUS BUY DECISION
Over the past thirty years, U.S. Bancorp Equipment Finance has grown into one of the largest bank affiliated industrial finance companies in the nation. With total assets in excess of $8 Billion and offices
More informationAsset Quality Section 219
Leasing Activities A lease is a contract between the owner of a property, the lessor, and a person or company authorized by the lease contract, the lessee, to use the property. The lease contract specifies
More informationConsolidated Financial Statements
Consolidated Financial Statements For the year ended February 20, 2016 Nitori Holdings Co., Ltd. Consolidated Balance Sheet Nitori Holdings Co., Ltd. and consolidated subsidiaries As at February 20, 2016
More informationCHANGES IN FASB 13 RULES TO CHANGE COMMERCIAL REAL ESTATE INDUSTRY
CHANGES IN FASB 13 RULES TO CHANGE COMMERCIAL REAL ESTATE INDUSTRY BRIAN OWENDOFF BMO Commercial Real Estate L.L.C. As a child growing up to the late 1970s, I remember the push for the metric system in
More informationThe Insider s Guide to Leasing
The Insider s Guide to Leasing Table of Contents 1 The Power of Leasing 2 The 11 Advantages of Leasing 4 Cash Flow & Credit 6 Upgrading & Adding Equipment 7 Tax & Reporting Advantages 8 The Three Types
More informationPreparing Agricultural Financial Statements
Preparing Agricultural Financial Statements Thoroughly understanding your business financial performance is critical for success in today s increasingly competitive agricultural environment. Accurate records
More informationLEASE VS. PURCHASE: A CRITICAL DECISION
LEASE VS. PURCHASE: A CRITICAL DECISION Assessing options to make the best financial decision in an improving economy By Jud Snyder President BMO Harris Equipment Finance Company Published on 9.6.12 What
More information11.437 Financing Community Economic Development Class 6: Fixed Asset Financing
11.437 Financing Community Economic Development Class 6: Fixed Asset Financing I. Purpose of asset financing Fixed asset financing refers to the financing for real estate and equipment needs of a business.
More informationPREVIEW OF CHAPTER 21-1. Intermediate Accounting 15th Edition Kieso Weygandt Warfield
PREVIEW OF CHAPTER 21 21-1 Intermediate Accounting 15th Edition Kieso Weygandt Warfield 21 Accounting for Leases LEARNING OBJECTIVES After studying this chapter, you should be able to: 21-2 1. Explain
More informationMaking Money in the Equipment Leasing Business By Richard M. Contino, Esq.
Making Money in the Equipment Leasing Business By Richard M. Contino, Esq. There are many ways to profit in a lease transaction. To succeed, and sometimes even survive, in the highly competitive business
More informationThis policy sets forth system-wide standards for financial accounting and reporting of leases.
Accounting for Leases Section: Accounting and Financial Reporting Title: Accounting for Leases Number: 05.281 Index POLICY.100 POLICY STATEMENT.110 POLICY RATIONALE.120 AUTHORITY.130 APPROVAL AND EFFECTIVE
More informationLearning Objectives: Quick answer key: Question # Multiple Choice True/False. 14.1 Describe the important of accounting and financial information.
0 Learning Objectives: 14.1 Describe the important of accounting and financial information. 14.2 Differentiate between managerial and financial accounting. 14.3 Identify the six steps of the accounting
More informationEquipment Leasing Terms
Equipment Leasing Terms This Glossary of Equipment Leasing Terms will help you understand the "Leasing Language" so when you are ready to acquire equipment you can make an educated decision. Accelerated
More informationUnderstanding Financial Statements. For Your Business
Understanding Financial Statements For Your Business Disclaimer The information provided is for informational purposes only, does not constitute legal advice or create an attorney-client relationship,
More informationLease-Versus-Buy. By Steven R. Price, CCIM
Lease-Versus-Buy Cost Analysis By Steven R. Price, CCIM Steven R. Price, CCIM, Benson Price Commercial, Colorado Springs, Colorado, has a national tenant representation and consulting practice. He was
More informationTHE BENEFITS OF FINANCING
THE BENEFITS OF FINANCING Haulotte Financial Services 1 THERE ARE PLENTY OF GOOD REASONS TO SELECT HAULOTTE FINANCIAL SERVICES Hold on to your cash In most cases, you can acquire the equipment you need
More informationShort Term Loans and Lines of Credit
Short Term Loans and Lines of Credit Disadvantaged Business Enterprise (DBE) Supportive Services Program The contents of this training course reflect the views of the author who is responsible for the
More informationCHAPTER 21. Accounting for Leases ASSIGNMENT CLASSIFICATION TABLE
CHAPTER 21 Accounting for Leases ASSIGNMENT CLASSIFICATION TABLE Topics Questions Brief Exercises Exercises Problems Cases *1. Rationale for leasing. 1, 2, 4 1, 2 *2. Lessees; classification of leases;
More informationbuy or lease? Cash Management Here are five things to consider before your company makes its next equipment investment. B Y P AUL B.
Cash Management buy or lease? Here are five things to consider before your company makes its next equipment investment. B Y P AUL B. WEISS Is your company s current overriding goal to make its balance
More informationTHE STRATEGIC ADVANTAGES OF EQUIPMENT FINANCING
A CHASE THOUGHT LEADERSHIP INITIATIVE THE STRATEGIC ADVANTAGES OF EQUIPMENT FINANCING A healthier economy and growth in the equipment finance market are creating equipment acquisition opportunities. THE
More informationShort term leases, defined as a lease term of one year or less, are to be accounted for under the same operating lease method that currently exists.
Lease Accounting Updated January 2014 Page 1 Lease Accounting The pending changes in lease accounting have been a hot topic item since 2009, when the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) and International
More informationinsurance companies pension funds building societies
1. Depository institutions - BANKS commercial banks credit unions savings and loan associations 2. Contractual savings institutions insurance companies pension funds building societies 3. Investment intermediaries
More informationLeases. Chapter 12. Prepared By: Eman Al-Aqeel. Professor : Dr: Amal Fouda
King Saud University College of Administrative Science Department of Accounting 2 nd Semester, 1426-1427 Leases Chapter 12 Prepared By: Eman Al-Aqeel Professor : Dr: Amal Fouda Leasing is an alternative
More informationEffects analysis for leases (IASB-only) 1. Summary. Changes being proposed to the accounting requirements. Page 1 of 34
Effects analysis for leases (IASB-only) 1 BC329 The IASB is committed to assessing and sharing knowledge about the likely costs of implementing proposed new requirements and the likely ongoing associated
More informationBelow is more information regarding these tax benefits available to you between now and the end of 2012.
Acquiring new equipment between now and the end of 2012, you will be able to take advantage of the Section 179 and the Bonus 50% First Year depreciation deductions for 2012. In fact, Uncle Sam will be
More informationInternational Accounting Standard 17 (IAS 17): Leases
International Accounting Standard 17 (IAS 17): Leases By PAUL YOUNG, CGA This article is part of a series on International Financial Reporting Standards published on PD Net. Introduction Accounting for
More informationBenefits of Leasing / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /
Benefits of Leasing / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / Allied Specialty Capital s team of Transportation professionals offer proven industry experience wrapped around
More informationNORTH CENTRAL FARM MANAGEMENT EXTENSION COMMITTEE
NCFMEC-05 NORTH CENTRAL FARM MANAGEMENT EXTENSION COMMITTEE Purchasing and Leasing Farm Equipment Acknowledgements This publication is a product of the North Central Regional (NCR) Cooperative Extension
More informationCLFP EXAMINATION OUTLINE
CLFP EXAMINATION OUTLINE Part I 2 Hours (275 points) History and Purpose of Leasing... 75 points Classification and Terminology... 150 points Lessor-Vendor Relationships... 50 points Part II 2 Hours (275
More informationAccounting for Leases
CHAPTER 21 O BJECTIVES After reading this chapter, you will be able to: 1 Explain the advantages of leasing. 2 Understand key terms related to leasing. 3 Explain how to classify leases of personal property.
More informationConsolidated Balance Sheets March 31, 2001 and 2000
Financial Statements SEIKAGAKU CORPORATION AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES Consolidated Balance Sheets March 31, 2001 and 2000 Assets Current assets: Cash and cash equivalents... Short-term investments (Note
More informationTheoretical & Regulatory Framework of Leasing
Theoretical & Regulatory Framework of Leasing - Asset/Fund based financial services Module III Prof. Contents Concept Elements Classification Advantages and Limitations of Leasing Structuring of Leasing
More information3. Classification of Financial Instruments
3. Classification of Financial Instruments C lassification of financial instruments and identification of their nature is one of the most important phases for compilation and presentation of monetary statistics.
More informationBasics of Lease Pricing
Basics of Lease Pricing 2014 ELFA Lease Accountants Conference Kathleen Walseth - U.S. Bank Equipment Finance Scott Thacker- Ivory Consulting Corporation 1 Disclaimer US Bankcorp and its affiliates and
More informationStatement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 13
Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 13 FAS13 Status Page FAS13 Summary Accounting for Leases November 1976 Financial Accounting Standards Board of the Financial Accounting Foundation 401 MERRITT
More informationOverview of Financial Solutions
Overview of Financial Solutions The Etra Advisory Group provides solutions to businesses for growth, expansion, cash flow, refinance and acquisition. We cover the world of business financing that banks
More informationTREASURER S DIRECTIONS ACCOUNTING LIABILITIES Section A3.6 : Leases
TREASURER S DIRECTIONS ACCOUNTING LIABILITIES Section A3.6 : Leases STATEMENT OF INTENT Assets required by Agencies to deliver outputs can be obtained by purchase or by lease. This Section provides the
More informationConstruction Economics & Finance. Module 4 Lecture-1
Construction Economics & Finance Module 4 Lecture-1 Equipment costs:- For construction firms, it is important to accurately estimate the equipment cost as part of the total cost of the construction project.
More informationSo You Want to Borrow Money to Start a Business?
So You Want to Borrow Money to Start a Business? M any small business owners cannot understand why a lending institution would refuse to lend them money. Others have no trouble getting money, but they
More information418 Chapter 13 Leases
CHAPTER 13 Leases Business firms generally acquire property rights in long-term assets through purchases that are funded by internal sources or by externally borrowed funds. The accounting issues associated
More informationSUMITOMO DENSETSU CO., LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES. Consolidated Financial Statements
SUMITOMO DENSETSU CO., LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES Consolidated Financial Statements Report of Independent Public Accountants To the Board of Directors of Sumitomo Densetsu Co., Ltd. : We have audited the consolidated
More informationfinreporting.com free online financial services
LEASE ACCOUNTING -LESSEE POLICY PERSPECTIVE A Lease is defined as an agreement conveying the right to use property, plant, or equipment (land and/or depreciable assets) for a stated period of time. This
More informationProposed Lease Accounting Changes: Impact on Asset Finance Deals
Proposed Lease Accounting Changes: Impact on Asset Finance Deals In August 2010, the International Accounting Standards Board ( IASB ) issued a proposal which, if adopted, will overhaul lease accounting
More informationBioprocess Equipment Leasing ASPEN BROOK CONSULTING, INC.
Bioprocess Equipment Leasing BY ASPEN BROOK CONSULTING, INC. Introduction Equipment Leasing in the U.S. alone is a $650 Billion dollar a year business. Until Q4 of 2008 spending on capital equipment had
More informationGROWTH PARTNERS. Funding. Leasing Finance
GROWTH PARTNERS Funding Leasing Finance Benefits More equipment is financed today by leases than by bank loans, private equity or any other method of asset financing. According to The American Association
More informationBA 351 CORPORATE FINANCE. John R. Graham Adapted from S. Viswanathan LECTURE 5 LEASING FUQUA SCHOOL OF BUSINESS DUKE UNIVERSITY
BA 351 CORPORATE FINANCE John R. Graham Adapted from S. Viswanathan LECTURE 5 LEASING FUQUA SCHOOL OF BUSINESS DUKE UNIVERSITY 1 Leasing has long been an important alternative to buying an asset. In this
More informationThe Basics of Lease Accounting
The Basics of Lease Accounting Joe Sebik, VP - Global Originations & Structuring J. P. Morgan Leasing, Inc. (212) 899-1249 joseph.p.sebik@jpmorgan.com Howard Thompson, Director - Pricing & Economics Key
More informationChapter 9. Plant Assets. Determining the Cost of Plant Assets
Chapter 9 Plant Assets Plant Assets are also called fixed assets; property, plant and equipment; plant and equipment; long-term assets; operational assets; and long-lived assets. They are characterized
More informationFINANCING 101234 567890 123456
FINANCING 101234 567890 123456 FINANCING 101 With a typical Hyundai Finance lease, you re covered for normal wear and use without having to pay additional charges at the end of the term. And while it s
More informationWeek 13, Chap 9 Accounting 1A, Financial Accounting
Week 13, Chap 9 Accounting 1A, Financial Accounting Reporting and Interpreting Liabilities Instructor: Michael Booth Understanding the Business Debt is considered riskier than equity. Interest is a legal
More informationIndemnity Basis of Settlement. Practical Problems in Adjusting Losses. By the CILA Property Special Interest Group
Indemnity Basis of Settlement. Practical Problems in Adjusting Losses. By the CILA Property Special Interest Group INTRODUCTION All insurance policies are based on providing the policyholder with an indemnity,
More informationAction plan to prepare for the New Lease Accounting Standard
IBM Software Thought Leadership White Paper July 2011 Action plan to prepare for the New Lease Accounting Standard William Bosco, President, Leasing 101 Contents 2 Timing of the project 2 What is the project?
More informationBUSINESS TOOLS. Preparing Agricultural Financial Statements. How do financial statements prove useful?
Preparing Agricultural Financial Statements Thoroughly understanding your business financial performance is critical for success in today s increasingly competitive agricultural, forestry and fisheries
More informationIndian Accounting Standard (Ind AS) 7 Statement of Cash Flows
Contents Indian Accounting Standard (Ind AS) 7 Statement of Cash Flows Paragraphs OBJECTIVE SCOPE 1 3 BENEFITS OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION 4 5 DEFINITIONS 6 9 Cash and cash equivalents 7 9 PRESENTATION OF
More informationbut that was then. Today, those in agriculture may find themselves competing against lower-risk businesses for the services of a lender.
There was a time when lenders knew the financial pressures and capitalization needs of those involved in agriculture. They knew just about every member of the agricultural community by name and probably
More informationFinance Companies CHAPTER
CHAPTER 26 Finance Companies Preview Suppose that you are graduating from college and about to start work at that high-paying job you were offered. You may decide that your first purchase must be a car.
More informationThe Kansai Electric Power Company, Incorporated and Subsidiaries
The Kansai Electric Power Company, Incorporated and Subsidiaries Consolidated Financial Statements for the Years Ended March 31, 2003 and 2002 and for the Six Months Ended September 30, 2003 and 2002 The
More informationCreate an action plan to prepare for the new lease accounting standard
IBM Software Thought Leadership White Paper May 2012 Create an action plan to prepare for the new lease accounting standard William Bosco, president, Leasing 101 2 Create an action plan to prepare for
More informationEQUIPMENT FINANCING AND THE STRATEGIC ADVANTAGE WINDOW
A CHASE THOUGHT LEADERSHIP INITIATIVE EQUIPMENT FINANCING AND THE STRATEGIC ADVANTAGE WINDOW The capital preservation benefits of Section 179 deductions, a healthier economy, and the growth of the equipment
More informationLEASING MEDICAL EQUIPMENT? It s as Easy as ABC.
LEASING MEDICAL EQUIPMENT? It s as Easy as ABC. By Edward G. Detwiler, ASA The pleasantries of a newly signed lease often include smiles, handshakes, and conversation describing an agreement in which both
More informationJALUX Inc. and Consolidated Subsidiaries. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
JALUX Inc. and Consolidated Subsidiaries Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements March 31, 2010 1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies a. Basis of preparation JALUX Inc. (the Company ) and its
More informationAN INTRODUCTION TO REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT ANALYSIS: A TOOL KIT REFERENCE FOR PRIVATE INVESTORS
AN INTRODUCTION TO REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT ANALYSIS: A TOOL KIT REFERENCE FOR PRIVATE INVESTORS Phil Thompson Business Lawyer, Corporate Counsel www.thompsonlaw.ca Rules of thumb and financial analysis
More informationIntermediate Accounting
Intermediate Accounting Thomas H. Beechy Schulich School of Business, York University Joan E. D. Conrod Faculty of Management, Dalhousie University PowerPoint slides by: Bruce W. MacLean, Faculty of Management,
More informationEthiopian Institute of Financial Studies (EIFS) PROJECT FINANCE
PROJECT FINANCE With the growth in the economy and the revival in the industrial sector coupled with the increasing role of private players in the field of infrastructure, more and more Ethiopian banks
More informationIpx!up!hfu!uif Dsfeju!zpv!Eftfswf
Ipx!up!hfu!uif Dsfeju!zpv!Eftfswf Credit is the lifeblood of South Louisiana business, especially for the smaller firm. It helps the small business owner get started, obtain equipment, build inventory,
More informationFinancial ratio analysis
Financial ratio analysis A reading prepared by Pamela Peterson Drake O U T L I N E 1. Introduction 2. Liquidity ratios 3. Profitability ratios and activity ratios 4. Financial leverage ratios 5. Shareholder
More informationG8 Education Limited ABN: 95 123 828 553. Accounting Policies
G8 Education Limited ABN: 95 123 828 553 Accounting Policies Table of Contents Note 1: Summary of significant accounting policies... 3 (a) Basis of preparation... 3 (b) Principles of consolidation... 3
More informationPerformance Food Group Company Reports First-Quarter Fiscal 2016 Earnings
NEWS RELEASE For Immediate Release November 4, 2015 Investors: Michael D. Neese VP, Investor Relations (804) 287-8126 michael.neese@pfgc.com Media: Joe Vagi Manager, Corporate Communications (804) 484-7737
More informationLeasing in the Queensland Public Sector Policy Guidelines. Policy Guidelines for public sector entities considering entering into lease arrangements
Leasing in the Queensland Public Sector Policy Guidelines Policy Guidelines for public sector entities considering entering into lease arrangements November 2014 Table of Contents 1. INTRODUCTION...3 2.
More informationfocus Managing Long-Term Assets OVERVIEW Learning Objectives By the end of this chapter, you should be able to:
8 Managing Long-Term Assets Learning Objectives By the end of this chapter, you should be able to: focus Distinguish between long-term and shortterm assets. Explain how depreciation relates to the valuation
More informationCAIRNS REGIONAL COUNCIL LEASING GUIDELINES
CAIRNS REGIONAL COUNCIL NO.1:02:46 General Policy LEASING GUIDELINES Intent Scope To ensure that Council: (i) complies with the Leasing in the Queensland Public Sector Policy Guidelines, (revised December
More informationCommercial Real Estate Investment: Opportunities for Income Generation in Today s Environment
Commercial Real Estate Investment: Opportunities for Income Generation in Today s Environment Prepared by Keith H. Reep, CCIM Real Estate Investment Consultant In this white paper 1 Advantages of investing
More informationLeases Learning Objectives. Overview of Leasing. Advantages of Leasing
Leases Learning Objectives 1. Describe the characteristics and advantages of leases 2. Operating leases vs Captial leases 3. Determine rental payments 4. Account for operating leases - lessee 5. Account
More informationtechnical factsheet 183 Leases
technical factsheet 183 Leases CONTENTS Page 1 Introduction 1 2 Legislative requirement 1 3 Accounting standards 2 4 Examples 6 5 Checklist 8 6 Sources of information 11 This technical factsheet is for
More informationSri Lanka Accounting Standard-LKAS 7. Statement of Cash Flows
Sri Lanka Accounting Standard-LKAS 7 Statement of Cash Flows CONTENTS SRI LANKA ACCOUNTING STANDARD-LKAS 7 STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS paragraphs OBJECTIVE SCOPE 1 3 BENEFITS OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION 4 5 DEFINITIONS
More informationPartner Sales Enablement Guide
Partner Sales Enablement Guide Grow your business with financing from Cisco Capital Providing your customers with a financing option at the beginning of every purchase conversation can help you to meet
More informationNEED TO KNOW. Leases The 2013 Exposure Draft
NEED TO KNOW Leases The 2013 Exposure Draft 2 LEASES - THE 2013 EXPOSURE DRAFT TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction 3 Existing guidance and the rationale for change 4 The IASB/FASB project to date 5 The main
More informationHow To Understand The Financial Intermediation Process Of A Finance Company
W-48 Chapter 27 Finance Companies Preview Suppose that you are graduating from college and about to start work at that high-paying job you were offered. You may decide that your first purchase must be
More informationLEASING. Topics in Corporate Finance P A R T 8. HAVE YOU EVER FLOWN on GE Airlines? Probably LEARNING OBJECTIVES
LEARNING OBJECTIVES After studying this chapter, you should understand: LO1 The types of leases and how the IRS qualifies leases. LO2 The reasons for leasing and the reasons for not leasing. LO3 How to
More informationLOAN AGREEMENTS NEED TO CONSIDER IMPACT OF LEASE ACCOUNTING CHANGES
BRIEFING LOAN AGREEMENTS NEED TO CONSIDER IMPACT OF LEASE ACCOUNTING CHANGES JANUARY 2016 A SUMMARY OF THE CHANGED ACCOUNTING RULES THEIR POTENTIAL IMPACT ON CURRENT LOAN AGREEMENTS SOME POSSIBLE APPROACHES
More informationChapter 30 Fixed Assets
Chapter 30 Fixed Assets 30.20 Valuing, Capitalizing and Depreciating Fixed Assets 30.20.10 How to value Fixed Assets July 1, 2004 30.20.20 When to capitalize Fixed Assets July 1, 2004 30.20.22 Assets not
More informationThe Law of First Impressions A Practical Guide to Mortgage Applicants
The Law of First Impressions A Practical Guide to Mortgage Applicants Increased Importance of Borrower Financial Statements For Commercial Real Estate Financing Robert T. Gibney Real estate investors prepare
More informationChapter 20 Lease Financing ANSWERS TO END-OF-CHAPTER QUESTIONS
Chapter 20 Lease Financing ANSWERS TO END-OF-CHAPTER QUESTIONS 20-1 a. The lessee is the party leasing the property. The party receiving the payments from the lease (that is, the owner of the property)
More informationCIMA F3 Course Notes. Chapter 10. Lease vs Buy
CIMA F3 Course Notes Chapter 10 Lease vs Buy Personal use only - not licensed for use on courses 137 1. Leasing Leasing Leasing is a process by which a firm can obtain the use of a certain fixed assets
More informationFinancial Information Statement for Businesses
Financial Information Statement for Businesses How to Complete This Statement Enter the most current data available in all spaces. Write N/A in spaces that don t apply to you. The Taxation and Revenue
More informationPROVINCIAL COMPANIES REGULATION
Province of Alberta INSURANCE ACT PROVINCIAL COMPANIES REGULATION Alberta Regulation 124/2001 With amendments up to and including Alberta Regulation 79/2011 Office Consolidation Published by Alberta Queen
More informationMezzanine Finance. by Corry Silbernagel Davis Vaitkunas Bond Capital. With a supplement by Ian Giddy
Mezzanine Finance by Corry Silbernagel Davis Vaitkunas Bond Capital With a supplement by Ian Giddy Mezzanine Debt--Another Level To Consider Mezzanine debt is used by companies that are cash flow positive
More informationHow To Choose Between Buying Or Leasing Business Equipment
IS BUYING OR LEASING EQUIPMENT 816-888-5303 www.capfusion.com 1 Table of contents Introduction 3 Leasing Equipment 4 Lower Initial Expenses 4 Tax Deductions 4 Flexibility 4 Avoiding Obsolescence 4 Drawbacks
More informationRe: Opposition to Repeal of LIFO being considered as part of Tax Reform in 2013
LIFO-PRO, Inc. LIFO and LIFO Software Specialists 920 South 107 th Avenue, Suite 301 Omaha, NE 68114 (402) 330-8573 lee@lifopro.com www.lifopro.com April 15, 2013 Mr. Kevin Brady, Chairman Energy Tax Reform
More informationHow To Compare The Pros And Cons Of A Combine To A Lease Or Buy
Leasing vs. Buying Farm Machinery Department of Agricultural Economics MF-2953 www.agmanager.info Machinery and equipment expense typically represents a major cost in agricultural production. Purchasing
More informationBusiness Planning Worksheets
Business Planning Worksheets Copyright 2003-2010 Lamar University SBDC Table of Contents Introductory Section... 1 Cover Sheet... 1 Executive Summary... 1 Narrative Section... 2 Description of the Business...
More information