Understanding Digital Video Technology

Transcription

1 Understanding Digital Video Technology Everything You Need To Know About DVI-D, HDMI, DisplayPort, Thunderbolt And More Your Presenter Is Joe Cornwall, CTS-D, ISF-C, FOI, DSCE Technology Evangelist Legrand N.A.

2 Understanding Digital AV Technology Convergence and Direction Exploring how we got to this point What is Analog Sunset and why is important? A Farewell to LVDS Inside Digital Video Sampling Rates and Bit Depth Display Data Channel and EDID High-Bandwidth Digital Copyright Protection TMDS

3 Digital Video Continued 15 Minute Break Core Technologies For The Coming Years USB Type C DisplayPort HDMI HDBaseT Miracast and WiDi Questions & Discussion

4 Housekeeping Please mute your cell phones Noise is the most impertinent of all forms of interruption. It is not only an interruption, but is also a disruption of thought. - Arthur Schopenhauer Please ask questions! Please ask questions at any time during this presentation Please take notes, use the handouts and use social media to keep in touch The least of learning is done in the classrooms. Thomas Merton

5 How Did We Get Here? Revolution is not a one time event. Audre Lorde

6 The Evolution Of Video Systems

7 Information Theory Information theory is a branch of applied mathematics and electrical engineering that exists at the intersection of mathematics, statistics, computer science, physics, neurobiology, and electrical engineering Digital files deliver maximum efficiency in information storage because bits are fungible! One typewritten page = 2 kb One novel = 1 MB Pickup truck full of books = 1 GB 2 hour feature film in 1080p on DVD = 15GB Actual information processed at 1080p = 358GB 50,000 trees made into paper and printed = 1 TB

8 The Catalyst Of Change

9 Digital Millennium Copyright Act DMCA criminalizes production and dissemination of technology, devices, or services intended to circumvent measures (commonly known as digital rights management or DRM) that control access to copyrighted works. It also criminalizes the act of circumventing an access control, whether or not there is actual infringement of copyright itself ICT Image constraint token DOT Digital-only token You Can Not Convert From Content Protected Digital To Analog!

10 It s A Digital World Phones, Phablets, Tablets, Ultrabooks and Televisions all deliver interactive HD touchscreen capability Technologies for home and work are no longer differentiated The demand for device to device connections will continue to increase

11 The Next Generation Are Digital Natives Intuitive integration of mobile and stationary assets Unfettered integration of work and personal technology Sensible integration of cloud, premise and local storage Uninterrupted access that blurs the lines between content and carrier

12 So Where Does This Leave A/V? A/V lives in the last 100 meters - between the network drop and the human being. This is where interactivity, high quality images, rich sound and emotional impact are everything!

13 It s Not Going To Be A Network Connection Today, over 50% of North American Internet traffic consists of YouTube and Netflix content There s no simple way to shift the total connectivity of the last 100 meters to the LAN

14 What s Driving A/V Change Today? Performance is your reality. Forget everything else. Harold Geneen

15 UltraHD Is Bigger Than Just 8 Million Pixels Shipments of 4K sets will surpass 5% of total annual TV shipments in 2017 Installed base will rise to 66.2 million screens by the end of 2018

16 Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic. Arthur C. Clarke FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS

17 Fundamental Concepts Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic. Arthur C. Clarke

18 Inside Analog and Digital Concepts Analog systems represent information using a continuous function A digital system uses discrete (discontinuous) values Examples of historical digital systems Abacus Braille Morse Code Representing a varying physical quantity such as sound or light waves by means of discrete signals interpreted as numbers, usually in the binary system, as in a digital recording or digital television

19 Elements Of A Video Signal Video images are composed of three monochromatic elements Red Green Blue Frequency bandwidth of each signal in this system is proportional to detail resolution Amplitude of each color defines its intensity. Saturation

20 The Numbers Behind The Bits Analog signals are continuous in time All waveforms consist of fundamental sine waves plus harmonics Shannon Nyquist Theorum says > 2 samples are necessary to recreate a waveform Resolution is bound by sampling rate Aliasing occurs when input frequency exceeds 2x sampling frequency

21 Making Sense of Bit Depth 3 bits = 2 x 2 x 2 = 8 total possible values, for example Each bit represents a step in voltage Values that fall between steps are lost information

22 Digital Rights Management High Bandwidth Digital Content Protection HDCP Because in the digital world there are no copies, only clones Blom's Scheme is a symmetric threshold key exchange protocol used in cryptography A trusted party gives each participant a secret key and a public identifier, which enables any two participants to independently create a shared key for communicating Keys updated after each encoded frame

23 Inside HDCP HDCP makes use of a three stage content protection process Device authentication and key exchange Encryption of content Key revocation procedures Unique keys are assigned to each device Consists of up to 40 different 'secret or private' keys, each 56 bits long, embedded in the device For each set of keys, a special public key, called a key selection vector, is created Combining an embedded key with a public key creates a temporary session key, allowing for clear communication between the devices

24 Telling The Monitor What To Expect Display Data Channel Extended Display Identification Data DisplayID 1.3 (2013) is the most current Enables the display (sink) to communicate supported display modes to the source via a compact binary file format that describes the monitor's capabilities and supported graphics modes Stored in a read only memory chip programmed by the manufacturer of the monitor

25 USB Deview

26 Making Signals Easier To Transport All truths are easy to understand once they are discovered; the point is to discover them. GALILEO GALILEI

27 Transition Minimized Differential Signalling TMDS is a two stage process that converts a signal from parallel to serial and adds additional bits to balance DC Makes signals smaller by converting them from 8 bit to 10 bit 8b/10b line coding 8 bit data plus 2 bits of control signals 4 channels: red, green, blue, clock Twisted pair for noise reduction Current mode logic (CML), DC coupled and terminated to 3.3 volts

28 The TMDS Algorithm TMDS adds a 9 th bit to the digital word to minimize the transitions from digital ones to digital zeros This decreases high frequency content making the signal more robust and easier to transport The algorithm then adds a 10 th bit to provide for DC balancing DC balancing inverts the digital word so the signal has an equal number of zeros and ones

29 Typical Signal Flow I have yet to see any problem, however complicated, which, when you looked at it in the right way, did not become still more complicated. Poul Anderson

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31 Let s Review A little learning is a dangerous thing but a lot of ignorance is just as bad. Bob Edwards

32 Reviewing what we have learned so far Analog Sunset is the global transition from analog broadcasting and connectivity to a new, all digital topology Once we are in the digital domain, DMCA tells us we often can t convert signals back to an analog configuration Analog signals are continuous, whereas digital is a series of discrete representations or samples RGB images use red, green, and blue, added together in various ways, to reproduce a broad array of colors. Sampling frequency and bit depth provide digital representations of signal bandwidth and amplitude respectively Transition Minimized Differential Signaling (TMDS) is a method of minimizing data transitions using modified 8b/10b line coding Digital video content is protected by HDCP, which leverages key exchange and authentication protocols EDID provides a method for the display to tell the source about resolution, aspect ratio and bit depth

33 Break 15 Minutes Please

34 Putting This Technology To Work Technology is dominated by two types of people: those who understand what they do not manage, and those who manage what they do not understand. Putt's Law

35 SDI Serial Digital Interface SDI (1989) HD SDI (1998) 3G SDI (2006) 3 Gbit/s and 1080p 16 Channels of embedded audio 6G SDI 6 Gbit/s and 4Kp30 12G SDI 12 Gbit/s and 4Kp60 24G SDI 24Gbit/s and 8Kp60 SDI does Not use TMDS signal conditioning Not HDCP Compliant

36 Digital Visual Interface Designed in 1999, DVI was created to replace VGA Three variations of DVI DVI A analog DVI D digital DVI I combines digital and analog in the same connector Single link or dual link implementation DVI D uses TMDS conditioning DVI D supports HDCP

37 Digital Visual Interface DVI R R GG B B Dual Link Dual Link Dual Link S S

38 Are DVI Connections Obsolete? In December 2010, Intel, AMD, and several computer and display manufacturers announced they would stop supporting DVI I, VGA and LVDS technologies by These will be replaced by DisplayPort and HDMI. "Legacy interfaces such as VGA, DVI and LVDS have not kept pace, and newer standards such as DisplayPort and HDMI clearly provide the best connectivity options moving forward. In our opinion, DisplayPort 1.2 is the future interface for PC monitors, along with HDMI 1.4a for TV connectivity"

39 On To The 21 st Century Technology The future is much like the present, only longer. Dan Quisenberry

40 High Definition Multimedia Interface HDMI is the standard for accessing AV content from multimedia devices Limited to about 20 meters direct connectivity Based on DVI D technology Installed base is nearly 4 billion units Projected 19.7% industry combined annualized growth rate thru 2016 New HDMI 2.0 standards support Increased functionality at UltraHD (4K) resolution

41 High Definition Multimedia Interface HP DDC DDC CEC B B R R +5V DDC HEAC S S G G

42 HDMI(e) & HEAC HEAC is the HDMI Ethernet and Audioreturn Channel and supports up to 100Mbits data transfer. Signal selection is excusive.

43 HDMI 2.0 Features and Upgrades UltraHD and 4K Video Support Support for additional color space formats including 4:2:0 CEC 2.0 Increase bandwidth from 10.2 to 18 Gbps Up To 21:9 Aspect Ratio Support Error correction Noise Reduction System For TMDS Lanes Multi stream Video Capable (MST) Improved audio ability with support to 32 channels

44 DisplayPort Power Hot Plug Config Lane 3 Lane 1 HP Ret Aux Lane 2 Lane 0

45 DisplayPort Tech Specs Native MST for extended desktop and multi display installations Up to 8.1 Gbit/s per lane Dual lane allocation supports UltraHD resolutions Supports RGB And YPrPb Color Spaces DP++ CH 3 CH 2 CH 1 CH 0 DisplayPort Dual Mode supports passive conversion to HDMI or DVI Sync Blue Green Red HDMI Up to 16 bit color Up to 8 channels audio DP Embedded in new USB Type C Standard

46 Thunderbolt & Mini DP Thunderbolt is built on the Mini DisplayPort connector and can shift from TB to Mini-DP to HDMI based on configuration commands Thunderbolt uses data lanes for PCIe content and other tunneling data transport techniques

47 Caution, Sharp Turn Ahead!

48 Universal Serial Bus USB was designed to standardize the connection of computer peripherals Replaced serial and parallel ports and eliminated the need for separate power supplies USB was born of the need for plug and play technology Allows for hot swapping and connection of up to 127 downstream ports from a single host

49 USB Speed and Power Comparison Version Year Low Speed Full Speed High Speed Super Speed Super Speed + Power Limit mA mA* *during data transfer mA* You Won t Believe Me!

50 7 Tiers Of Communication Ports, hubs and functions are connected in 7 layers Host always occupies tier 1 Hubs and connectivity extenders occupy tiers 2 thru 6 Devices (functions) always occupy tier 7, even if 2 6 are empty Beyond tier 7, additional connections are not recognized

51 Analysis of USB Networks

52 The Need for Speed Increases conductor count from 4 to 9 USB 3.0 delivers 10 times faster performance than USB 2.0 Hi Speed 4.8Gbps versus 480Mbps Asynchronous full duplex operation Better power efficiency, powers more devices from a hub

53 The Importance of Eye Pattern Due to eye pattern constraints, USB 3.0 is limited to about 3 meters link length in practice

54 Building The Future USB Type C The cloning of humans is on most of the lists of things to worry about from science, along with behavior control, genetic engineering, transplanted heads, computer poetry and the unrestrained growth of plas c flowers. Lewis Thomas

55 Symmetrical, Compact, Powerful This next generation of USB technology opens the door for the invention of an entirely new, super thin class of devices that consumers haven t even seen yet The USB Type C Connector Designed for 10,000 plug/unplug cycles Robust enough for laptops and tablets; slim enough for mobile phones

56 Starting Rumors And Other Fun USB Type C cables, computers and devices have yet to hit the market, but are positioned to replace the legacy USB Type A plug which has been an industry standard for well over a decade. If Apple does opt to embrace the new USB Type C specification, a good candidate for debuting the reversible ports could be the company's rumored 12 inch MacBook Air with high resolution Retina display. Numerous reports have claimed that Apple is working on a new laptop with an entirely new, even thinner form factor, and that thinness could necessitate a switch to smaller USB Type C connectors. Apple Insider, September 2014 Yes, Apple confirmed it will move to USB Type C from Thunderbolt!

57 Dissecting The USB Type C Pin Out

58 USB Type C Adapter Cables Type C to Type B Type C to DisplayPort 1.1 Type C to Micro B Type C to Type A

59 The Newest IEEE Standard! The nice thing about standards is that there are so many of them to choose from. Andrew S. Tanenbaum

60 HDBaseT HDBaseT is the IEEE standard for advanced digital media distribution 100 meter connectivity based on TIA practices NOT ON THE LAN! Any HDBaseT certified product will work with any other HDBaseT certified product Installed base will more than quintuple by 2016!

61 Pulse Amplitude Modulation 16 (PAM16) HDBaseT is using PAM16 symbols where each symbol is transmitted using one of 16 discrete, differential voltage levels, each representing 4 bits of data TX Diff Peak PAM16 TX Eye Pattern One Symbol Period ns 4bits Level 0000 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : PAM16 After the Channel

62 HDBaseT Daisy Chaining HDBaseT Supports Daisy Chain Architecture Up to 100m Up to 100m Media Server Up to 100m Perfectly Suits Digital Signage Installations

63 5Play Over a Single Cable HDBaseT Source Video Ethernet Power HDBaseT Display 100m/328ft Cat6 Cable Audio Control HD Video, Audio, Ethernet, Power and Controls on 100m Cable

64 HDBaseT & A/V HDBaseT Source Video HDBaseT Display 100m/328ft Cat6 Cable Video Full HD/3D and 2K/4K uncompressed video Supports All HDMI 1.4 Formats Multi-streaming capability CEC, EDID, HDCP and more supported Highest video quality with zero latency

65 HDBaseT & Ethernet HDBaseT Source Video Ethernet HDBaseT Display 100m/328ft Cat5e Cable Audio Ethernet Standard 100BaseT Ethernet supported Fallback to standard Ethernet mode 65

66 HDBaseT & Control HDBaseT Source Video Ethernet HDBaseT Display 100m/328ft Cat6 Cable Audio Control Control Dedicated Control channel Consumer Electronic Controls (CEC), Recommended Standard (RS) 232, USB and infrared (IR) supported

67 HDBaseT & POH HDBaseT Source Video Ethernet Power HDBaseT Display 100m/328ft Cat6 Cable Audio Control Power Transmission of up to 100W of DC power Can power display devices such as 60 TV Inline with Energy Star standard No power outlet needed

68 Connecting Without Wires The most exciting breakthroughs of the 21st century will not occur because of technology, but because of an expanding concept of what it means to be human. John Naisbitt

69 Airplay, Chromecast, FireTV, etc Network Connection

70 WiDi and Miracast

71 The conclusion is the place where you get tired of thinking If you're not scared or angry at the thought of a human brain being controlled remotely, then it could be this prototype of mine is finally starting to work. John Alejandro King

72 What We ve (Hopefully) Learned Analog sunset is a global phenomenon The analog technology we ve depended upon for decades is on its last legs and will soon become obsolete HDCP compliance is imperative in digital media systems Network connectivity will not replace the last 100 meters of connectivity to the user/operator any time soon UltraHD will place new and unexpected demands on A/V design and integration performance HDMI is the standard for accessing A/V content from multimedia devices DisplayPort is the standard for accessing A/V content from IT devices HDBaseT is the standard for connecting digital media devices at length Miracast is a new standard that provides exnetwork wireless peer to peer connectivity USB Type C will have a profound impact on many categories of devices including portable and fixed A/V assets particularly the desktop environment

73 Questions? It is better to know some of the questions than all of the answers. James Thurber

74 Thank You!