Oracle Application Server 10g: Administer High Availability

Transcription

1 Oracle Application Server 10g: Administer High Availability Student Guide D21855GC10 Production 1.0 July 2006 D46705

2 Author Shankar Raman Technical Contributors and Reviewers Shankar Raman Fermin Castro Aykut Celik Holger Dindler-Rasmussen Shailesh Dwivedi Jim Garm Shalendra Goel Sunil Hingorani Pavana Jain Yi Lu Deidre Matishak Vishal Parashar Cas Prewitt Gayathri Rajagopal Editors Atanu Raychaudhuri Richard Wallis Copyright 2006, Oracle. All rights reserved. Disclaimer This document contains proprietary information and is protected by copyright and other intellectual property laws. You may copy and print this document solely for your own use in an Oracle training course. The document may not be modified or altered in any way. Except where your use constitutes "fair use" under copyright law, you may not use, share, download, upload, copy, print, display, perform, reproduce, publish, license, post, transmit, or distribute this document in whole or in part without the express authorization of Oracle. The information contained in this document is subject to change without notice. If you find any problems in the document, please report them in writing to: Oracle University, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, California USA. This document is not warranted to be error-free. Restricted Rights Notice If this documentation is delivered to the United States Government or anyone using the documentation on behalf of the United States Government, the following notice is applicable: U.S. GOVERNMENT RIGHTS The U.S. Government s rights to use, modify, reproduce, release, perform, display, or disclose these training materials are restricted by the terms of the applicable Oracle license agreement and/or the applicable U.S. Government contract. Trademark Notice Oracle, JD Edwards, PeopleSoft, and Siebel are registered trademarks of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Graphic Designer Rajiv Chandrabhanu Publisher Veena Narasimhan

3 Contents 1 Introduction to Oracle Application Server High Availability Solutions Objectives 1-2 What Is High Availability? 1-3 High Availability: Business Aspects 1-5 Types of Failures or Nonavailability 1-6 How to Improve Availability 1-7 Oracle Application Server Features for Improving Availability 1-8 Self-Healing: OPMN 1-9 Redundancy and Availability 1-10 OracleAS Cold Failover Cluster 1-11 OracleAS Cluster: Overview 1-12 Benefits of OracleAS Cluster 1-13 OracleAS Cluster and OracleAS Cold Failover Cluster 1-14 Backup and Recovery Paradigm 1-15 OracleAS Guard and the Disaster Recovery Paradigm 1-16 Designing for High Availability 1-17 Summary Backing Up and Restoring Oracle Application Server Objectives 2-2 Oracle Application Server Backup and Recovery: Overview 2-3 OracleAS Recovery Manager 2-5 OracleAS Recovery Manager: Files 2-6 Configuring OracleAS Recovery Manager Using Application Server Control 2-7 Manually Configuring OracleAS Recovery Manager 2-9 Backup Strategy 2-11 How OracleAS Recovery Manager Performs Backup 2-12 Creating a Record of the Configuration 2-13 OracleAS Recovery Manager Usage Examples 2-14 Types of Backup: Cold Versus Online 2-16 Types of Backup: Full Versus Incremental 2-17 Backing Up OracleAS Infrastructure 2-18 Performing Full Backup of Infrastructure 2-19 Full Backup Using Command Line 2-20 Portal Schema Validation Utility 2-21 iii

4 Performing Full Backup of Middle Tier 2-23 Incremental Backups 2-24 Incremental Online Backup of OracleAS Portal 2-25 Performing a Backup After a Major Change 2-26 Logs and Output Files of a Backup Operation 2-27 OracleAS Recovery Manager: Customizing 2-28 Restore Strategy 2-29 Procedures for Recovery from Loss of Host 2-30 Recovery After Loss of Host 2-31 Backup Procedures for Recovery from Loss of Host 2-32 Restore Operations on New Host 2-33 Restoring OracleAS Infrastructure Configuration Files on the Same Host 2-35 Restoring Middle Tier on the Same Host 2-36 Improving Availability of the File-Based Repository 2-37 Relocating a File-Based Repository by Using Export and Import 2-38 Metadata Repository Flashback Query Feature 2-40 Summary OracleAS Infrastructure Active Passive Solutions Objectives 3-2 OracleAS Infrastructure High Availability 3-3 Infrastructure High Availability: Previous Releases 3-4 OracleAS 10g Release 2 Infrastructure Active Passive Configuration 3-5 OracleAS Cold Failover Cluster (Infrastructure) 3-6 OracleAS Cold Failover Cluster (Infrastructure): Normal 3-8 OracleAS Cold Failover Cluster (Infrastructure) Failover 3-9 OracleAS Cold Failover Cluster (Infrastructure) Preinstallation 3-10 Setting Up the Virtual Host 3-11 Setting Up the Network Interface 3-13 Setting Up the Shared File System 3-15 Port Allocation 3-16 Installing OracleAS Cold Failover Cluster (Infrastructure) 3-17 Accessing the Components After Installation 3-18 Starting OracleAS Cold Failover Cluster (Infrastructure) 3-19 Stopping OracleAS Cold Failover Cluster (Infrastructure) 3-21 Managing Failover 3-23 Testing Failover 3-24 Automating Failover 3-25 Summary 3-26 iv

5 4 Middle Tier: Active Passive Availability Objectives 4-2 OracleAS Cold Failover Cluster (Middle-Tier) 4-3 OracleAS Cold Failover Cluster Coexistence 4-4 Implementation 4-5 Preinstallation Tasks for Single Oracle Home 4-6 Installing the Middle Tier 4-7 Postinstallation Tasks 4-8 Using chgtocmt 4-9 Completing the Postinstallation Steps 4-10 Actions at Failover 4-11 OracleAS Cold Failover Cluster (Web Cache) 4-13 Configuration Changes and Application Deployment 4-14 Summary OracleAS Infrastructure: Active Active High Availability Solutions Objectives 5-2 OracleAS Infrastructure High Availability 5-3 Active Failover Cluster 5-4 OracleAS Infrastructure Active Active Configurations in OracleAS 10g Release OracleAS Cluster (Identity Management) 5-6 OracleAS Cluster (Identity Management) Significant Points 5-7 Preinstallation Steps 5-8 Load Balancer Configuration 5-9 OracleAS Cluster (Identity Management) Installation and Configuration 5-10 Installing Distributed OracleAS Cluster (Identity Management) 5-11 Installing the First Node 5-12 Installing Subsequent Nodes 5-13 Tips: OracleAS Cluster (Identity Management) 5-14 Verify Installation Log Files 5-15 Failover for OracleAS Cluster (Identity Management) 5-17 Run-Time Properties of OracleAS Cluster (Identity Management) 5-18 Replication for Oracle Internet Directory 5-19 Identity Management with Multimaster Replication 5-20 Installing the Master Node (OID) 5-21 Installing the Replica Node (OID) 5-22 Enabling Multimaster Replication 5-23 LDAP (Fan-Out) Replication 5-24 Active Active Configuration for OracleAS Metadata Repository 5-25 Summary 5-26 v

6 6 Middle Tier Active Active Configurations Objectives 6-2 OracleAS Cluster: Types 6-3 DCM-Managed OracleAS Cluster: Terminology 6-4 DCM-Managed OracleAS Cluster: Architecture 6-5 Configuring DCM-Managed OracleAS Clusters 6-6 Considerations for Adding an Instance to a Cluster 6-7 Creating and Managing an OracleAS Cluster (J2EE) 6-8 Starting and Stopping an OracleAS Cluster (J2EE) 6-9 Load Balancing: Crash Prevention 6-10 Load Balancing Algorithms Used by mod_oc4j 6-11 Configuring Load Balancing for OracleAS Clusters: Example 6-13 OC4J: HTTP Session Replication Concepts 6-14 OC4J Stateful Session Bean Replication Concepts 6-15 OracleAS Cluster (Portal): Overview 6-16 OracleAS Cluster (Portal): Preinstallation 6-17 Steps to Configure OracleAS Cluster (Portal) 6-18 Installing the First OracleAS Portal Instance 6-19 Configuring the First Instance to Work with Load Balancer 6-20 Installing and Configuring the Second OracleAS Portal Instance 6-21 Configuring the Second OracleAS Portal Instance 6-22 High Availability for Business Intelligence and Forms 6-23 JDBC Fast Connection Failover: Overview 6-24 Fast Connection Failover Processing 6-25 Summary Configuring and Managing OracleAS Cluster (Web Cache) Objectives 7-2 OracleAS Cluster (Web Cache): Overview 7-3 OracleAS Cluster (Web Cache): Concepts 7-4 Differentiating Between Cluster and Cluster Member Settings 7-5 How OracleAS Cluster (Web Cache) Works 7-6 Distributing Cache Content 7-7 Detection of Failure and Failover 7-9 Adding Members to OracleAS Cluster (Web Cache) 7-10 Configuring OracleAS Cluster (Web Cache) Properties 7-12 Propagating the Configuration to Cluster Members 7-14 Invalidation in OracleAS Cluster (Web Cache) 7-15 Summary 7-17 vi

7 8 OracleAS Disaster Recovery Objectives 8-2 Disaster Recovery 8-3 Disaster Recovery Paradigm 8-4 Host Naming Terminology 8-6 Disaster Recovery: Normal Mode 8-7 Disaster Recovery: Failover Mode 8-8 Topologies: Symmetric Topology 8-9 Simple Asymmetric Topology 8-10 Setting Up the OracleAS Disaster Recovery Environment 8-11 Performing Installations 8-12 Oracle Application Service Guard 8-13 OracleAS Guard Components 8-14 OracleAS Guard Servers 8-15 OracleAS Guard Clients 8-16 OracleAS Guard Operations 8-17 Disaster Recovery Operations 8-18 Step 1: Prepare the Production Site 8-19 Step 2: Prepare the Standby Site 8-20 Step 3: Instantiate the Standby Site 8-21 Step 4: Synchronize the Standby Site 8-22 Step 5: Switchover 8-23 Step 5A: Failover 8-24 Step 6: Reinstantiate After Failover 8-25 DNS Operations 8-26 Summary Transforming OracleAS Installations to Become Highly Available Objectives 9-2 Transformation: Overview 9-3 Source OracleAS Infrastructure Configurations 9-4 Target: OracleAS Cluster (Identity Management) 9-5 Target: OracleAS Cold Failover Cluster (Identity Management) 9-6 Transformation to OracleAS Cluster (Identity Management) 9-7 Transforming to OracleAS Cluster (Identity Management) 9-8 Transforming to Distributed OracleAS Cluster (Identity Management) 9-9 Transforming to OracleAS Cold Failover Cluster (Identity Management) 9-10 Transforming to Distributed OracleAS Cold Failover Cluster (Identity Management) 9-11 Summary 9-12 vii

8 Appendix A: Practices Appendix B: Practice Solutions Appendix C: State Replication Framework and High Availability in Oracle Application Server 10g R3 viii