Legal and Illegal Drugs. Drug is any chemical that causes changes in a person s body or behavior.

Transcription

1 Legal and Illegal Drugs Drug is any chemical that causes changes in a person s body or behavior. Legal Drug is a drug that is permitted by law. Illegal Drug are chemicals that are unlawful because their dangerous and often unpredictable effects outweigh any useful purposes the drugs may have. Drug misuse improper use of a drug Types of Drugs Medicines legal drugs that help the body fight injury, illness, and disease. Over the-counter drugs purchased legally in pharmacies and other stores that sell medicines without a physician s prescription. Prescription drugs must be obtained through a written prescription from a physician and can be purchased only at a pharmacy. Restricted drugs drugs that are confined or limited to certain people. Prohibited drugs drugs that are forbidden by authority. Drug abuse is when people intentionally misuse any kind of drugs for non-medical purposes. Psychoactive Drugs Chemicals that affect the activity of the brain cells to alter perception, thought, and mood and possibly to create illusions in mind of the user. Examples: Stimulants Depressants Hallucinogens Inhalants Alcohol Marijuana Psychoactive drugs have positive medical benefits when used in a controlled situation.

2 Example: Physicians use morphine (narcotic) to control pain caused by injury and illness Psychoactive drugs can produce harmful changes in the body, few are medically useful, but most are harmful Drug abuse is Dangerous! Dangers of Drug Abuse Drug action what a drug does to your body Drug effect what you feel or the physical or mental response from the drug When a drug is controlled, the drug can help a person feel better but it can also produce side effects. Side effect unwanted, even dangerous, physical and mental effects caused by a drug Example of a drug side effect: An athletic may use a psychoactive drug (stimulant) to improve performance. Side effects of a stimulant are: Headache Dizziness Tremors Irregular Heartbeat Drug over dose is a serious reaction to an excessive amount of a drug. Can result in a coma or death Drug addiction is when a person body becomes adjusted to the drug and requires that drug to function normally. Withdrawal are symptoms that a person may experience from the lack of a certain drug from the body. Drug interaction are drugs that interact or change each others effects, when they are taken together

3 Antagonistic interaction drug effects is canceled out by other drugs or the action of the drug is reduced. Example: Blood pressure pills tobacco Birth control pills antibiotic Synergistic interaction drugs interact to produce effects greater than those that each would produce alone. Example: Sleeping pills alcohol How can drug abuse lead to the contraction of viruses such as HIV and Hepatitis? Sharing of needles from drug user to drug user Intravenous drug user to their sexual partner Pregnant women to unborn child What are the risks of complications to unborn children and newborns when drug abuse occurs during pregnancy and prenatal care? High risk of developing physical and mental problems How does drug abuse and misuse effect families and friends? The entire family suffers Family becomes strained as behavior and personality of the abuser change The abuser behaves unpredictably Wild mood swings The abuse may become withdrawn from the family Anger Fear Resentment Frustration Stress What are some legal risks of drug abuse? The penalties for individuals who produce, posses, transport, or sell illegal drugs include: - prison term - heavy fines When a drug violator does not receive jail time or a fine: - they are put on record - they will have difficult time getting a job, admitted to school and military

4 How does drug abuse effect society? - U.S.A spends billions of in efforts to stop illegal drug manufacturing, sale, and abuse. - Financial resources go to drug prevention, education, treatment, and rehabilitation program Risk factors and drug abuse Three major factors that contribute to the risk of drug abuse in teenagers: Family Friends Personal 1. Family Factors Risk factors Good relationship Supportive relationship No relationship 2. Social Factors Peer pressure 3. Personal Factors Stress - nervousness - inability to concentrate or sleep - irritability Low self-esteem Lack of confidence Some teenagers will turn to drugs or avoid negative feelings and symptoms associated with stress. Drug abuse only makes the situation more stressful. This is way teenagers need a positive role model to cope with stress and negative feelings, which is normal part of life. Commonly abused Drugs Designer drugs is a new chemical substance that has been designed to be chemically similar to a controlled substance may have toxic effects designer does not know how strong the drug is may experience unpleasant side effects may overdose can lead to dependence Look alike drugs drugs that are sold on the street and made to look like commonly abused drugs

5 these drugs may contain any kind of substance dangerous unknown substances life-threatening Choosing to be Drug Free What are some ways to treat drug abuse and addiction? options for drug abusers include programs in which people withdraw from the drug under medical care and treatment centers in which abusers learn to live drug free lives Detoxification programs a drug abuse treatment program that involves gradual but complete withdrawal from an abused substance Therapeutic communities a residential treatment center where drug abusers live and learn to adjust to drug-free lives Methadone maintenance programs helps heroin users substitute methadone for heroin What are some ways for a person to avoid drug use? Make the proper decision in your life Refusing drugs - Present personal reasons why you do not want to take drugs - Remove yourself from the situation Managing stress - Manage your life to avoid stress Getting help - Admit you have a problem and seek help to resolve your problem What are some alternatives to drug use? Get involved in healthy and constructive activities to lift your mood, feel better about yourself and deal with the pressures in your life. Examples: - sports - volunteer - part-time job - youth groups - extracurricular activities

6 Anabolic Steroids Powerful compounds that are similar to the male sex hormone (testosterone) These drugs are taken to increase muscle mass and strength Generated from a Greek word meaning build up Types of Anabolic Steroids: 6$\ Q3W9KH 0W9L F.+ * + Slang Names: HGH Roids How it enters the body: Swallowed (tablet or capsule) Intra-muscular injection Effects: May initially increase muscle mass, body strength and weight Purple or red spots on body Swelling of feet and legs Unpleasant breath odor Depression Increased risk of heart attack, stroke, Liver cancer Acne Males: sterility withered testicles, Impotence Females: irreversible masculine traits, breast reduction, sterility Alter appearance by stimulating overgrowth of skull and facial bones Medical use: Teenagers who use anabolic steroids - Stunt growth - Infertility - Aggressive behavior - Violent mood swings Seldom prescribed except for certain types of anemia Severe burn Some types of breast cancer

7 Cocaine A powerful but short acting stimulant that affects the central nervous system A white crystalline powder, beige pellets or crystalline rocks often packaged in small vials. Types of Cocaine: Cocaine Crack Is a most potent of cocaine, effects occur within 8 seconds after it is smoked Free-basing changes cocaine into a concentrated smoke-able form Slang Names: Coke Snowflake White Nose Candy Big C Snowbirds Lady Rock How it enters the body: Inhaled Injected Smoked Effects: Stimulates the Central Nervous System Dilated pupils Rise in blood pressure, heart rate, breathing, and body temperature Stuffy or running nose Insomnia Loss of appetite Paranoia Seizures Possible death from cardiac arrest When the effects wear off the abuser can experience a crash Crash is a severe depression Medical Use: Local anesthetic Local pain medication

8 DEPRESSANT Drugs that depress or slow down the central nervous system and all body systems slows the brain and body reactions slows down the heart and breathing rate lowers blood pressure relaxes muscles relieves tension Types of Depressants: 1. Most commonly abused depressant is alcohol 2. Sedative depressant that relaxes a person and induces sleep Barbiturates: - Type of sedative hypnotic use to treat seizures and prepares people for surgery - If abused a barbiturates can cause dependence and will develop tolerance quickly - Barbiturate abusers walk slowly, have slurred speech, and react more slowly to their environment Tranquilizers: - anti anxiety drug - slows nerve activity - relaxes muscle tension - lower alertness - causes drowsiness - physicians commonly prescribe tranquilizers to treat anxiety, sleep disorders, muscle spasms, and convulsions - Tranquilizers have replaced barbiturates in the medical field, but tranquilizers are still abused and can cause dependence and tolerance 3. Anti-anxiety drugs 4. Narcotics Slang Names: yellow jackets ludes barbs downers booze

9 see informational sheet for more slang names How it enters the body: Swallowed Effects: - Similar to the effects of alcohol produces - Small doses: calmness relaxed muscle - Large dose: slurred speech, staggering, impaired judgment, impaired coordinationvery large doses: respiratory depression, coma, and death Medical use: Physicians sometimes prescribe depressants to relieve: Stress Tension Anxiety Pain Sleep disturbances/induce sleep Stops convulsions To reduce the symptoms of alcohol withdrawal Inhalants inhaled or breathed through the nose to produce a desired effect dangerous fumes are concentrated in a bag, on a cloth, etc. and inhaled volatile organic solvent rapidly changes from a liquid to a vapor Types of Inhalants: Glue Nail polish Gasoline Aerosol sprays Lacquer nitrous oxide amyl nitrite butyl nitrite liquid correction fluid spot remover Slang names: Laughing gas Climax Poppers Bolt Rush Bullet Locker room Snappers How it enters the body: Vapors are inhaled deeply through the nose or mouth

10 Effects: Nausea Headaches Blurred vision Damage to kidneys, liver, bone marrow, and brain Sneezing, coughing Nose bleeds Fatigue Lack of coordination Loss of appetite Solvents: - decrease in heart rate and breathing - Impaired judgment Nitrites: - Rapid pulse - Headaches - Loss of bowel and bladder control - Long term use hepatitis, brain damage, nervous system damage, suffocation and death Medical effects: NONE Marijuana - The dried leaves, stems, and seeds of the Cannabis sativa plant - Cannabis plant is known as pot or grass - Contains several psychoactive drugs main ingredients is a chemical called THC - THC changes the way sensory information reaches and is acted upon by the brain - Most frequently abused psychoactive drug - Is a depressant, stimulant, and a mild hallucinogenic Types of Marijuana: Marijuana THC Hash - hemp plant also produces this illegal drug - sold as tiny brown chunks that are smoked Hashish Oil - is boiled hash to make a stronger drug

11 Slang names: Pot Weed Dope Joints Grass Reefer Roach - mixed with tobacco and smoked - causes same short term and long term effects as marijuana How it enters the body: Smoked in joints (Hand made cigarette) or pipes] - marijuana smoke contains more cancer causing agents than tobacco smoke - a single joint has the same amount of tar and harmful substances as approx. 14 to 15 cigarettes Eaten Effects of marijuana: causes confusion sudden mood changes memory problems loss of coordination sleepiness increases heart rate bloodshot eyes dry mouth and throat increased appetite may impair short term memory altered sense of time damaging to lungs and circulatory system Medical uses: Relief from side effects of cancer chemotherapy Relief from side effects of AIDS therapy Relief from symptoms of glaucoma Oxycontin OxyContin is a very strong narcotic pain reliever similar to morphine. The round pills have a time-release mechanism.

12 Slang names: Oxy Oxycotton Hillbilly heroin How it enters the body: Swallowing Snorting Injection Effects: Depresses the central nervous system. You should never break, chew, or crush the Oxycontin tablet since this causes a large amount of Oxycodone to be released from the tablet all at once, potentially resulting in a dangerous or fatal drug overdose. Crushing or diluting the tablet disarms the timed-release action causing rapid release of a 12-hour supply of the drug resulting in a quick, powerful high. Abusers have compared this feeling to the euphoria they experience when taking heroin. Other side effects felt due to the use of Oxycontin include: o Constipation o Nausea o Sedation o Dizziness o Vomiting o Headache o Dry mouth o Sweating o Weakness o Confusion o Light-headedness o Respiratory depression Medical Use:

13 Pain relief for chronic conditions: - cancer - arthritis STIMULANTS Drugs that cause the body systems (central nervous system) to speed up, the drugs increase that heart rate, blood pressure, and breathing rate Stimulants make you feel excited and alert Effects wear off quickly and abusers usually left feeling depressed Depression can cause the abuser to take more stimulants and the abuser can develop dependence and tolerance to the stimulate Types of stimulants: 1. Amphetamines - one group of powerful stimulates made artificially - Ritalin - Caffeine - Found in soda pop and chocolate - Nicotine - Found in tobacco products Slang Names: speed uppers pep pills black beauties How it enters the body: swallowed snorted injected Effects: Increased heart rate and breathing Increased blood pressure Dilated pupils Decreased appetite Dry mouth May experience these side effects: - dizziness

14 - sweating - headache - blurred vision - sleeplessness - anxiety - moodiness Very high doses you may experience: - irregular heartbeat - tremors - high fever - heart failure Medical Use: To treat hyperactive children Weight control 7RWUHDWVOHHSGLVRUGHUV Legal and Illegal Drugs Drug is any chemical that causes changes in a person s body or behavior. Legal Drug is a drug that is permitted by law. Illegal Drug are chemicals that are unlawful because their dangerous and often unpredictable effects outweigh any useful purposes the drugs may have. Drug misuse improper use of a drug Types of Drugs Medicines legal drugs that help the body fight injury, illness, and disease. Over the-counter drugs purchased legally in pharmacies and other stores that sell medicines without a physician s prescription. Prescription drugs must be obtained through a written prescription from a physician and can be purchased only at a pharmacy. Restricted drugs drugs that are confined or limited to certain people. Prohibited drugs drugs that are forbidden by authority. Drug abuse is when people intentionally misuse any kind of drugs for non-medical purposes.

15 Psychoactive Drugs Chemicals that affect the activity of the brain cells to alter perception, thought, and mood and possibly to create illusions in mind of the user. Examples: Stimulants Depressants Hallucinogens Inhalants Alcohol Marijuana Psychoactive drugs have positive medical benefits when used in a controlled situation. Example: Physicians use morphine (narcotic) to control pain caused by injury and illness Psychoactive drugs can produce harmful changes in the body, few are medically useful, but most are harmful Drug abuse is Dangerous! Dangers of Drug Abuse Drug action what a drug does to your body Drug effect what you feel or the physical or mental response from the drug When a drug is controlled, the drug can help a person feel better but it can also produce side effects. Side effect unwanted, even dangerous, physical and mental effects caused by a drug Example of a drug side effect: An athletic may use a psychoactive drug (stimulant) to improve performance. Side effects of a stimulant are: Headache Dizziness Tremors Irregular Heartbeat

16 Drug over dose is a serious reaction to an excessive amount of a drug. Can result in a coma or death Drug addiction is when a person body becomes adjusted to the drug and requires that drug to function normally. Withdrawal are symptoms that a person may experience from the lack of a certain drug from the body. Drug interaction are drugs that interact or change each others effects, when they are taken together Antagonistic interaction drug effects is canceled out by other drugs or the action of the drug is reduced. Example: Blood pressure pills tobacco Birth control pills antibiotic Synergistic interaction drugs interact to produce effects greater than those that each would produce alone. Example: Sleeping pills alcohol How can drug abuse lead to the contraction of viruses such as HIV and Hepatitis? Sharing of needles from drug user to drug user Intravenous drug user to their sexual partner Pregnant women to unborn child What are the risks of complications to unborn children and newborns when drug abuse occurs during pregnancy and prenatal care? High risk of developing physical and mental problems How does drug abuse and misuse effect families and friends? The entire family suffers Family becomes strained as behavior and personality of the abuser change The abuser behaves unpredictably Wild mood swings The abuse may become withdrawn from the family Anger Fear

17 Resentment Frustration Stress What are some legal risks of drug abuse? The penalties for individuals who produce, posses, transport, or sell illegal drugs include: - prison term - heavy fines When a drug violator does not receive jail time or a fine: - they are put on record - they will have difficult time getting a job, admitted to school and military How does drug abuse effect society? - U.S.A spends billions of in efforts to stop illegal drug manufacturing, sale, and abuse. - Financial resources go to drug prevention, education, treatment, and rehabilitation program Risk factors and drug abuse Three major factors that contribute to the risk of drug abuse in teenagers: Family Friends Personal 1. Family Factors Risk factors Good relationship Supportive relationship No relationship 2. Social Factors Peer pressure 3. Personal Factors Stress - nervousness - inability to concentrate or sleep - irritability Low self-esteem Lack of confidence Some teenagers will turn to drugs or avoid negative feelings and symptoms associated with stress. Drug abuse only makes the situation more stressful.

18 This is way teenagers need a positive role model to cope with stress and negative feelings, which is normal part of life. Commonly abused Drugs Designer drugs is a new chemical substance that has been designed to be chemically similar to a controlled substance may have toxic effects designer does not know how strong the drug is may experience unpleasant side effects may overdose can lead to dependence Look alike drugs drugs that are sold on the street and made to look like commonly abused drugs these drugs may contain any kind of substance dangerous unknown substances life-threatening Choosing to be Drug Free What are some ways to treat drug abuse and addiction? options for drug abusers include programs in which people withdraw from the drug under medical care and treatment centers in which abusers learn to live drug free lives Detoxification programs a drug abuse treatment program that involves gradual but complete withdrawal from an abused substance Therapeutic communities a residential treatment center where drug abusers live and learn to adjust to drug-free lives Methadone maintenance programs helps heroin users substitute methadone for heroin What are some ways for a person to avoid drug use? Make the proper decision in your life Refusing drugs - Present personal reasons why you do not want to take drugs - Remove yourself from the situation Managing stress - Manage your life to avoid stress Getting help

19 - Admit you have a problem and seek help to resolve your problem What are some alternatives to drug use? Get involved in healthy and constructive activities to lift your mood, feel better about yourself and deal with the pressures in your life. Examples: - sports - volunteer - part-time job - youth groups - extracurricular activities Anabolic Steroids Powerful compounds that are similar to the male sex hormone (testosterone) These drugs are taken to increase muscle mass and strength Generated from a Greek word meaning build up Types of Anabolic Steroids: 6$\ Q3W9KH 0W9L F.+ * + Slang Names: HGH Roids How it enters the body: Swallowed (tablet or capsule) Intra-muscular injection Effects: May initially increase muscle mass, body strength and weight Purple or red spots on body Swelling of feet and legs Unpleasant breath odor Depression Increased risk of heart attack, stroke, Liver cancer Acne Males: sterility withered testicles, Impotence

20 Medical use: Females: irreversible masculine traits, breast reduction, sterility Alter appearance by stimulating overgrowth of skull and facial bones Teenagers who use anabolic steroids - Stunt growth - Infertility - Aggressive behavior - Violent mood swings Seldom prescribed except for certain types of anemia Severe burn Some types of breast cancer Cocaine A powerful but short acting stimulant that affects the central nervous system A white crystalline powder, beige pellets or crystalline rocks often packaged in small vials. Types of Cocaine: Cocaine Crack Is a most potent of cocaine, effects occur within 8 seconds after it is smoked Free-basing changes cocaine into a concentrated smoke-able form Slang Names: Coke Snowflake White Nose Candy Big C Snowbirds Lady Rock How it enters the body: Effects: Inhaled Injected Smoked

21 Stimulates the Central Nervous System Dilated pupils Rise in blood pressure, heart rate, breathing, and body temperature Stuffy or running nose Insomnia Loss of appetite Paranoia Seizures Possible death from cardiac arrest When the effects wear off the abuser can experience a crash Crash is a severe depression Medical Use: Local anesthetic Local pain medication DEPRESSANT Drugs that depress or slow down the central nervous system and all body systems slows the brain and body reactions slows down the heart and breathing rate lowers blood pressure relaxes muscles relieves tension Types of Depressants: 1. Most commonly abused depressant is alcohol 2. Sedative depressant that relaxes a person and induces sleep Barbiturates: - Type of sedative hypnotic use to treat seizures and prepares people for surgery - If abused a barbiturates can cause dependence and will develop tolerance quickly - Barbiturate abusers walk slowly, have slurred speech, and react more slowly to their environment Tranquilizers: - anti anxiety drug - slows nerve activity - relaxes muscle tension - lower alertness - causes drowsiness

22 3. Anti-anxiety drugs 4. Narcotics - physicians commonly prescribe tranquilizers to treat anxiety, sleep disorders, muscle spasms, and convulsions - Tranquilizers have replaced barbiturates in the medical field, but tranquilizers are still abused and can cause dependence and tolerance Slang Names: yellow jackets ludes barbs downers booze see informational sheet for more slang names How it enters the body: Swallowed Effects: - Similar to the effects of alcohol produces - Small doses: calmness relaxed muscle - Large dose: slurred speech, staggering, impaired judgment, impaired coordinationvery large doses: respiratory depression, coma, and death Medical use: Physicians sometimes prescribe depressants to relieve: Stress Tension Anxiety Pain Sleep disturbances/induce sleep Stops convulsions To reduce the symptoms of alcohol withdrawal Inhalants inhaled or breathed through the nose to produce a desired effect dangerous fumes are concentrated in a bag, on a cloth, etc. and inhaled

23 volatile organic solvent rapidly changes from a liquid to a vapor Types of Inhalants: Glue Nail polish Gasoline Aerosol sprays Lacquer nitrous oxide amyl nitrite butyl nitrite liquid correction fluid spot remover Slang names: Laughing gas Climax Poppers Bolt Rush Bullet Locker room Snappers How it enters the body: Vapors are inhaled deeply through the nose or mouth Effects: Nausea Headaches Blurred vision Damage to kidneys, liver, bone marrow, and brain Sneezing, coughing Nose bleeds Fatigue Lack of coordination Loss of appetite Solvents: - decrease in heart rate and breathing - Impaired judgment Nitrites: - Rapid pulse - Headaches - Loss of bowel and bladder control - Long term use hepatitis, brain damage, nervous system damage, suffocation and death Medical effects: NONE Marijuana - The dried leaves, stems, and seeds of the Cannabis sativa plant

24 - Cannabis plant is known as pot or grass - Contains several psychoactive drugs main ingredients is a chemical called THC - THC changes the way sensory information reaches and is acted upon by the brain - Most frequently abused psychoactive drug - Is a depressant, stimulant, and a mild hallucinogenic Types of Marijuana: Marijuana THC Hash - hemp plant also produces this illegal drug - sold as tiny brown chunks that are smoked Hashish Oil - is boiled hash to make a stronger drug - mixed with tobacco and smoked - causes same short term and long term effects as marijuana Slang names: Pot Weed Dope Joints Grass Reefer Roach How it enters the body: Smoked in joints (Hand made cigarette) or pipes] - marijuana smoke contains more cancer causing agents than tobacco smoke - a single joint has the same amount of tar and harmful substances as approx. 14 to 15 cigarettes Eaten Effects of marijuana: causes confusion sudden mood changes memory problems loss of coordination sleepiness increases heart rate bloodshot eyes dry mouth and throat

25 increased appetite may impair short term memory altered sense of time damaging to lungs and circulatory system Medical uses: Relief from side effects of cancer chemotherapy Relief from side effects of AIDS therapy Relief from symptoms of glaucoma Oxycontin OxyContin is a very strong narcotic pain reliever similar to morphine. The round pills have a time-release mechanism. Slang names: Oxy Oxycotton Hillbilly heroin How it enters the body: Swallowing Snorting Injection Effects: Depresses the central nervous system. You should never break, chew, or crush the Oxycontin tablet since this causes a large amount of Oxycodone to be released from the tablet all at once, potentially resulting in a dangerous or fatal drug overdose. Crushing or diluting the tablet disarms the timed-release action causing rapid release of a 12-hour supply of the drug resulting in a quick, powerful high. Abusers have compared this feeling to the euphoria they experience when taking heroin. Other side effects felt due to the use of Oxycontin include: o Constipation o Nausea o Sedation o Dizziness

26 o Vomiting o Headache o Dry mouth o Sweating o Weakness o Confusion o Light-headedness o Respiratory depression Medical Use: Pain relief for chronic conditions: - cancer - arthritis STIMULANTS Drugs that cause the body systems (central nervous system) to speed up, the drugs increase that heart rate, blood pressure, and breathing rate Stimulants make you feel excited and alert Effects wear off quickly and abusers usually left feeling depressed Depression can cause the abuser to take more stimulants and the abuser can develop dependence and tolerance to the stimulate Types of stimulants: 1. Amphetamines - one group of powerful stimulates made artificially - Ritalin - Caffeine - Found in soda pop and chocolate - Nicotine - Found in tobacco products Slang Names: speed uppers pep pills black beauties

27 How it enters the body: swallowed snorted injected Effects: Increased heart rate and breathing Increased blood pressure Dilated pupils Decreased appetite Dry mouth May experience these side effects: - dizziness - sweating - headache - blurred vision - sleeplessness - anxiety - moodiness Very high doses you may experience: - irregular heartbeat - tremors - high fever - heart failure Medical Use: To treat hyperactive children Weight control - To treat sleep disorders