Session E-05 December 12, Construction Cranes Risk, Major Accidents, Insurance Considerations and Regulation

Transcription

1 Session E-05 December 12, 2013 Construction Cranes Risk, Major Accidents, Insurance Considerations and Regulation

2 PRESENTERS 2

3 Garry R. Boehlert, Esquire, Saul Ewing, LLP Garry Boehlert focuses his practice on significant infrastructure projects. He has litigated cases in the trial and appellate courts of more than 20 states and in several international forums. Garry has defended companies involved in some of the most highly publicized construction accidents in the country and is knowledgeable about federal, state and local regulation of cranes. Garry R. Boehlert, Esq. Co-Chair, Construction Practice Group Saul Ewing LLP 1919 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W. Suite 550 Washington, DC Phone: Fax:

4 Steven J. Smith, Ph.D., P.E., Vice President, CTL Group Steven Smith specializes in failure investigations related to buildings, bridges, cranes and other construction operations. He has conducted forensic investigations of numerous large crane collapses. When the New York Building Authority commissioned its recent New York City High Risk Construction study, which included an in-depth review of crane operations, it called upon Dr. Smith as team leader. Steven J. Smith, Ph.D., P.E. Vice President CTLGroup Washington D.C. Office Little Patuxent Parkway, Suite 300 Columbia, MD C T sjsmith@ctlgroup.com 4

5 Robert Weiss, Vice President, Cranes, Inc. Robert Weiss has spent his entire career in the crane industry. For the past 21 years, he has been Vice President of Cranes, Inc. one of the largest and most diverse crane rental companies in the New York City Metropolitan Area. Mr. Weiss was one of only 23 industry professionals chosen by OSHA to sit on the Crane and Derrick Negotiated Rulemaking Committee (C-DAC), which was responsible for drafting this country s new federal crane safety standards. Robert Weiss Vice President CRANES, INC th Street Maspeth, N.Y (718) robertw@cranesinc.com 5

6 Graham Brent, Executive Director, NCCCO Graham Brent is Executive Director of the National Commission for the Certification of Crane Operators (NCCCO) and responsible for the management of all aspects of the administration and development of NCCCO's national crane and crane-related personnel certification programs. Prior to joining NCCCO, Mr. Brent instructed operators, inspectors and management on hazard recognition and equipment safety, as well as OSHA/ANSI standards compliance. He has been editor of several crane related publications and holds appointments in a multitude of professional societies and organizations. Graham Brent Executive Director National Commission for the Certification of Crane Operators (NCCCO) 2750 Prosperity Avenue, Suite 505, Fairfax, VA / ext / (cell) 703/ (fax) gbrent@nccco.org An ANSI Accredited Certifier 6

7 Bill Smith, Executive Vice President, Nations Builders Insurance Services Bill Smith, as Executive Vice President of NBIS, is active in insurance claim and risk management, loss prevention, safety awareness, and accident investigation. Bill has 28 years of experience in the Crane, Rigging, and Construction industry. Previously he worked as Safety and Health Specialist with the Directorate of Construction, U.S. DOL-OSHA, where he guided crane and construction policies, procedures, and safe working practices. Bill has been published in Crane Works magazine and Lifting and Transportation magazine. Bill Smith, Executive Vice President Nations Builders Insurance Services 8221 Ritchie Highway Suite 302 Pasadena, Maryland Fax: Toll-Free: NBIS 7

8 CRANES 101: Crane Types & Their Inherent Risks Robert Weiss Vice President Cranes, Inc. 8

9 Let s Start at the Very Beginning: What is a Crane? In the construction world, the proper definition of a crane is a power-operated piece of equipment that can hoist, lower and horizontally move a suspended load. Traditionally, the definition included reference to use of wire rope and an integral winch, but OSHA, in its new crane standard, extended the definition to include certain machines that lift loads only with a hook. 9

10 The Two Major Classes of Cranes Mobile Cranes: lifting devices that incorporate a cable suspended latticed boom or hydraulic telescopic boom designed to be moved between operating locations by transport over the road. These type of cranes are covered by ANSI standard B30.5. Tower Cranes: lifting structures that utilize a vertical mast or tower to support a working boom (jib) in an elevated position. Loads are suspended from the working boom. While the working boom may be of the fixed type (horizontal or angled) or have luffing capability, it can always rotate to swing loads. These types of cranes are covered by ANSI standard B

11 Types of Mobile Cranes as Defined by ANSI B30.5 Commercial Truck-Mounted Crane: a crane consisting of a rotating superstructure, boom, operating machinery, and one or more operator s stations mounted on a frame attached to a commercial truck chassis, usually retaining a payload hauling capability whose power source usually powers the crane. Its function is to lift, lower, and swing loads at various radii. Commonly referred to as a Boom Truck. 11

12 Boom Boom Truck Operating Machinery (i.e., winches) Truck Tractor Commercial Truck Chassis Operator s Station Rotating Superstructure 12

13 Range Diagram For Typical Boom Truck 13

14 Alternate Type of Boom Truck: The Knuckle Boom Articulating Boom Hook Fixed to Boom Head 14

15 Knuckle Boom Cranes As you can see, a knuckle boom crane does not always lift materials using a winch and wire rope cable and therefore did not fit the traditional definition of a crane. So that these types of machines would be covered when used for construction under the OSHA standard, the mention of winch and cable was removed from the official definition. 15

16 Types of Mobile Cranes as Defined by ANSI B30.5 Crawler Crane: a crane consisting of a rotating superstructure with power plant, operating machinery, and boom, mounted on a base and equipped with crawler treads for travel. Its function is to lift, lower, and swing loads at various radii. Manufactured in two versions: lattice boom and telescopic boom. 16

17 Lattice Boom Crawler Crane Operating Machinery (i.e., winches) Lattice Boom Base with Crawler Treads Rotating Superstructure with Power Plant (i.e., Engine) 17

18 Close-up View of Operating Machinery 18

19 Range Diagram for Typical Lattice Boom Crawler Crane 19

20 Telescopic Boom Crawler Crane Telescopic Boom Rotating Superstructure with Power Plant (i.e., Engine) Operating Machinery (i.e., winches) Base with Crawler Treads 20

21 Range Diagram For Typical Telescopic Boom Crawler Crane 21

22 Types of Mobile Cranes as Defined by ANSI B30.5 Wheel Mounted Crane (Multiple Control Stations): a crane consisting of a rotating superstructure, operating machinery, and operator s station and boom, mounted on a crane carrier equipped with axles and rubber-tired wheels for travel, a power source(s), and having separate stations for driving and operating. Its function is to lift, lower, and swing loads at various radii. Manufactured in two versions: lattice boom and telescopic boom. 22

23 Wheel-Mounted Lattice Boom Crane (Two Control Stations) Lattice Boom Operator s Station Rotating Superstructure (w/ Power Source) Operating Machinery (i.e., winches) Power Source for Crane Carrier Driver s Station Crane Carrier 23

24 Close-up View of Operating Machinery 24

25 Range Diagram for Typical Wheel-Mounted Lattice Boom Crane 25

26 Wheel-Mounted Telescopic Boom Crane (Two Control Stations) Telescopic Boom Operator s Station Operating Machinery (i.e., winches) Driver s Station Power Source for Crane Carrier Crane Carrier Rotating Superstructure (w/ Power Source) 26

27 Close-up View of Operating Machinery 27

28 Range Diagram for Typical Wheel- Mounted Telescopic Boom Crane 28

29 Types of Mobile Cranes as Defined by ANSI B30.5 Wheel Mounted Crane (Single Control Station): a crane consisting of a rotating superstructure, operating machinery, and operator s station and boom, mounted on a crane carrier equipped with axles and rubber-tired wheels for travel, a power source, and having a single control station for driving and operating. Its function is to lift, lower, and swing loads at various radii. Most typical example: Rough Terrain Crane, otherwise known as a Cherrypicker. 29

30 Wheel-Mounted Crane (Single Control Station) Boom Operating Machinery (i.e., winches) Combined Driving & Operating Station Crane Carrier Rotating Superstructure Power Source 30

31 Range Diagram For Typical Wheel- Mounted Crane (Single Control Station) 31

32 Types of Tower Cranes as Defined by ANSI B30.3 Hammerhead Tower Crane: a tower crane with a horizontal jib and a load trolley that traverses the jib to change load radius. 32

33 Hammerhead Tower Crane Jib Load Trolley Tower 33

34 Close-up View of Load Trolley 34

35 Types of Tower Cranes as Defined by ANSI B30.3 Luffing Boom Tower Crane: a tower crane with a boom pinned to the superstructure at its inner end and containing load hoisting tackle at its outer end, and with a hoist mechanism to raise or lower the boom in a vertical plane to change load radius. 35

36 Luffing Boom Tower Crane Hoist Mechanism to Raise or Lower Boom Boom (Pinned to Inner End) Tower Superstructure 36

37 Drawing of Luffing Boom Tower Crane Winch Pack 37

38 The Magic Question: How Do These Cranes Climb With the Building? 38

39 Risks Inherent in Mobile Crane Operations Power line contact 39

40 Risks Inherent in Mobile Crane Operations Improper ground conditions 40

41 Risks Inherent in Mobile Crane Operations Assembly/Disassembly OK, this is just wrong! 41

42 Risks Inherent in Mobile Crane Operations Overload/Tip-Over 42

43 Risks Inherent in Tower Crane Operations Wind 43

44 Risks Inherent in Tower Crane Operations Climbing 44

45 Risks Inherent in Tower Crane Operations Improper foundation 45

46 Crane Accidents & Consequences Steven J. Smith, Ph.D, P.E. Vice President 46

47 Accidents Statistics: Examples 47

48 Accidents Statistics 48

49 Accidents Statistics 49

50 Accidents Risk: Consequence 50

51 Accidents Risk: Consequence 51

52 Accidents NYC Mobile:

53 Accidents San Francisco:

54 Accidents Big Blue:

55 Accidents Big Blue:

56 Accidents Chicago:

57 Accidents Bellevue WA:

58 Accidents Bellevue WA:

59 Accidents NYC Rigging:

60 Accidents NYC Rigging:

61 Accidents Miami:

62 Accidents NYC Turn Table:

63 Accidents Lessons from NYC 63

64 Accidents Lessons from NYC Perhaps the most common theme is the role of human error in a majority of accidents and the related importance of worker knowledge and experience to avoid failures. HRCO Final Report 64

65 How Is the Industry Regulated? Part 1. Crane Operator Qualifications Graham Brent Executive Director National Commission for the Certification of Crane Operators 65

66 How Is the Industry Regulated? Federal Requirements OSHA 1926 Code of Federal Regulations Subpart CC State Requirements City, County Requirements Voluntary Consensus (ANSI) Standards ASME B30.5 Mobile Cranes ASME B30.3 Tower Cranes 66

67 OSHA Rule Timeline : Advanced Notice of Proposed Rulemaking 1996: First Third-Party Certification Developed by Industry (CCO) : Subpart N Work Group Meets; Requests Neg Reg 2002: OSHA announces intent to use Negotiated Rulemaking, Creates Cranes and Derricks Advisory Committee (C-DAC) 2003, July-2004, July: CDAC Meets 11 Times, Develops Draft 2004, October: ACCSH Supports C-DAC Consensus Document 2006, October: SBARP Report Submitted 2008, Office of Management & Budget Review Finalized 2008, October: Proposed Rule Published 2009, March: Public Hearings held at Department of Labor 2009, June: Final Submission of Written Comments 2010, August 9: Final Rule Published 2010, November 8: Effective Date for Most Provisions 2014, November 10: Four-Year Phase-In Expires 67

68 Effective Dates Effective Date of Rule: Nov. 8, 2010 Signal person Qualification Requirements: Nov. 8, 2010 Rigger Qualification Requirements: Nov. 8, 2010 Operator Training Requirements: Nov. 8, 2010 State Compliance: February 9, 2011 Operator Certification/Qualification Requirements: Nov. 10,

69 29 CFR 1926 Subpart CC (C-DAC) Scope Definitions Ground Conditions Assembly/Disassembly Power Line Safety Inspections Wire Rope Safety Devices/Operational Aids Operation Signals Fall Protection Work Area Control Keeping Clear of the Load Free Fall and Controlled Load Lowering Qualifications and Training of Operators, Signal Persons, Maintenance & Repair Employees Hoisting Personnel Multiple Crane Lifts Design, Construction and Testing Equipment Modifications Tower Cranes, Derricks, Floating Cranes, Overhead Cranes, Pile Drivers, Sideboom Cranes, Equipment </=2,000lbs capacity, Severability 69

70 Scope of Federal Rule Cranes and Derricks in Construction OSHA Letters of Interpretation Construction vs. Maintenance Operator Certification/Qualification More than 2,000 lbs. of maximum rated lifting capacity Excluded: Derricks, Sideboom cranes, Other Partial Cranes Covered OSHA : Scope Various Exclusions 70

71 Exclusion Examples Excavators, Backhoes, Power Shovels Including use with chains, slings, and other rigging Aerial Work Platforms Forklifts Except when equipped with winch or hook* Overhead Cranes Permanently installed Digger Derricks Work related to poles carrying electric and telecom lines Dedicated Drill Rigs But not cranes with drill attachments or pile drivers Articulating Cranes Depends on application 71

72 72

73 Certification Criteria: (j) OPTION 1: Accredited testing organization OPTION 2: Audited employer qualification program OPTION 3: U.S. military OPTION 4: Government entity license Knowledge (Written Test) Controls/performance characteristics Calculate load chart capacity Preventing power line contact Ground support Read and locate info in operating manual Appendix C subjects (c)(4) Skills (Practical Test) Shift Inspection criteria Operational skills Application of load chart information Safe shut down and securing 73

74 OSHA s Option Matrix (b)-(e) Accredited testing organization Audited employer qualification program Portable YES NO Valid 5 years 5 years U.S. Military license NO Set by issuing entity Government entity license NO Valid only in entity s jurisdiction Set by issuing entity, not > 5 years 74

75 Option 3: U.S. Military Applies only to employees of the U.S. Military An employee of the U.S. Military IS A Federal employee of the Department of Defense or Armed Forces An employee of the U.S. Military IS NOT An employee of a private contractor 75

76 Qualification through Certification Testing Organization (Option 1) Accredited-ATO (e.g., NCCA or ANSI) Administers Written and Practical Tests Assess knowledge and skills Provide different levels of certification based on equipment capacity and type Retesting and Recertification Procedures Accreditation reviewed at least every three years 76

77 Features of Certification An operator will be deemed qualified if [(s)he] is certified for that type and capacity of equipment If none available then certified for the type/capacity that is most similar Portable Valid for five (5) years 77

78 Audited Employer Program (Option 2) Tests developed by an ATO or approved by an Auditor (not an employee) certified by an ATO Approval based on: Written and practical tests meet nationally recognized development criteria Tests are valid and reliable Audit meets nationally recognized audit standards Requalification provision Audit covers test administration also Conducted within 3 months, and every 3 years 78

79 Audited Employer Program Deficiencies No operator to be qualified until corrected Auditor files report with OSHA Regional Office within 15 days Program re-audited with 180 days of correction Audit Records Maintained by Auditor for 3 years Available to OSHA on request Qualification not portable Valid for five (5) years 79

80 Operator-in-Training Employer must provide sufficient training Tasks limited to the operator s ability Exclude certain activities (e.g. close to powerlines, hoisting personnel) Must be continuously monitored by an operator s trainer 80

81 Operator s Trainer Trainer requirements: An employee or agent of the employer Certified operator or at least passed written tests Familiar with the crane controls Continuous monitoring: Has no other distracting tasks In direct line of sight Communication (verbally or via hand signals) Short hourly breaks permitted (up to 15 mins) 81

82 Impact on State Regulations 17 states currently have operator certification/licensing requirements Federal States must meet or exceed OSHA s Federal Floor May retain stricter requirements Largest change will be exclusions Deadline for compliance: February 9,

83 U.S. Licensing Requirements 1996 WA ME OR** ID MT ND SD MN WI MI NY VT NH MA CT NV UT WY CO NE KS IA MO IL IN KY OH WV PA MD VA NJ* DE RI CA NC TN AZ NM OK AR SC MS AL GA TX LA AK FL HI 2009 National Commission for the Certification of Crane Operators (NCCCO) : State Licensing Program : Licensing not legislated *Long Boom License Only **Mandatory Training Requirement Only 83

84 U.S. Licensing Requirements 2013 WA OR** NV CA ID AZ UT MT WY CO NM ND SD NE KS OK MN WI IA MO AR IL IN MI TN KY OH MS AL GA WV SC PA NC NY MD VA VT NJ NH MA CT ME DE RI TX LA AK FL 2013 National Commission for the Certification of Crane Operators (NCCCO) HI : Recognize or require CCO Certification by law : Legislation proposed (recognizes CCO Certification) : CCO Certification not recognized in legislation : Licensing not required **Mandatory Training Requirement Only 84

85 State/Local Requirements California* Connecticut Hawaii* Maryland* Massachusetts Montana* Minnesota* Nevada* New Jersey* New Mexico* New York Oregon Pennsylvania* Rhode Island Utah* Washington* West Virginia* City Requirements Chicago District of Columbia New Orleans* New York City* Omaha* Philadelphia* Asterisk (*) = Adopted or Recognizes CCO Certification; Red type = Recent Legislative Activity 85

86 Recent Regulatory Activity WA ME OR** ID MT ND SD MN WI MI NY VT NH MA CT NV UT WY CO NE KS IA MO IL IN KY OH WV PA MD VA NJ* DE RI CA NC TN AZ NM OK AR SC MS AL GA TX LA AK FL HI 2009 National Commission for the Certification of Crane Operators (NCCCO) 86

87 Going Above and Beyond Washington State Experience Requirement, Rigger Qualifications Maryland Rigger Training Requirement; Rigger Levels California General Industry also included Philadelphia Certified Signalperson and Riggers New York City Experience Requirement, friction crane distinction 87

88 Interpretation/Enforcement Compliance Directive 260 pages down to 200 pages (!) Directives to OSHA Regional Offices Letters of Interpretation Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) Small Business Guidance 88

89 OSHA-Proposed Amendments Forklifts Change language so they must be equipped with a telescoping boom and hoist to be covered by the rule Proximity Alarms/Insulated Links Change requirements since neither type has been accepted by a nationally recognized testing laboratory as required by the rule Power Line Clearance Clarify meaning of demarcation of boundary ; standardize on minimum clearance distance Add Omitted Definitions Digger derrick, duty cycle, multi-purpose machine, repetitive lifts Materials Delivery Exclusion Clarify when articulating cranes used in materials delivery are excluded Hand Signals Amend Appendix A to correct an error in chart Grammatical Revisions Restore must in certain places where it had been replaced by shall 89

90 Industry Concerns Certification based on type and capacity Fiscal impact Equipment availability Additional testing Change in Employer s Responsibilities Is certification equivalent to qualification? Status of Operators Certified prior to publication of the Rule AND any interpretations Compliance Clock is Running April 2-3, 2013 OSHA Hosts Stakeholder Meetings 90

91 Industry Response Overwhelming industry response critical of OSHA s position on these issues OSHA declares intent to reopen rule/delay date (May) ACCSH endorses OSHA s decision NCCCO develops Rule Reopening Resource Center First NPR (to delay date) now expected end October OSHA implements data gathering program x23 interviews, Kiewit, Rent-a-Crane, W.O. Grubb, etc. Labor/Management industry coalition forms to keep Congressional oversight committees informed AGC, IUOE, SC&RA, NCCCO, AED, ARTBA Meetings with chairmen and ranking members Compliance Directive being readied for publication 91

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93 93

94 How Is the Industry Regulated? Part 2. Key Provisions of Subpart CC Bill Smith Executive Vice President NationsBuilders Insurance Services 94

95 Regulatory Responsibility? 95

96 National Perspective Developing a new safety standard: Cranes & Derricks in Construction 96

97 Highlights of the Ground Conditions Assembly/Disassembly Power lines Operator Certification Signals 97

98 Ground Conditions 98

99 Controlling entity: Ground Conditions Provide adequate conditions: Firm, drained and graded Sufficient to support crane in conjunction with blocking, mats, etc. (If no controlling entity: employer w/ authority) Inform user & operator of known underground hazards (voids, utilities, etc. and items identified in site drawings) 99

100 Power Lines: Preventing Electrocution 100

101 Power Line Safety Step 1: Identify work zone Work zone = 1.Marking Boundaries or degrees around crane up to maximum working radius 101

102 YES Could be within 20 feet NO Option #1 Deenergize & Ground Option #2 20 foot clearance Option #3 Ask Utility for Voltage and Use Table A (Within Min. Approach distance) Encroachment Prevention measures Planning meeting If tag lines used Non-conductive Elevated warning lines, barricade or line of signs PLUS (Choose one): Proximity alarm, spotter, warning device, range limiter, or insulating link No further action 102

103 Table A Minimum Clearance Distances Voltage (nominal, kv, alternating current) Minimum clearance distance (feet) up to over 50 to over 200 to over 350 to over 500 to over 750 to over 1000 (as established by the power line owner/operator or registered professional engineer who is a qualified person with respect to electrical power transmission and distribution) 103

104 Intentionally working inside Table A zone Must show: Staying outside zone is infeasible Infeasible to deenergize and ground All of the following are required: 1. PL owner sets minimum approach distance 2. Planning meeting procedures 3. Dedicated spotter 4. Elevated warning line or barricade 5. Insulating link/device 6. Non-conductive rigging 7. Range limiter (if equipped) 8. Non-conductive tag line (if used) 9. Barricades - 10 feet from equipment 10. Limit access to essential employees 11. Ground crane 12. Deactivate automatic re-energizer 104

105 Operator Qualification/Certification Option 1: Accredited testing organization Option 2: Employer qualification program Option 3: U.S. military Option 4: State/local government license 105

106 Signals Signal person when required: 1. Point of operation not in full view of operator 2. View of direction of travel is obstructed 3. Site specific safety concerns Types: Hand, voice, audible, or new 106

107 Signalpersons Qualifications Qualified how Documentation Portable 3 rd party qualified evaluator Yes Yes Employer Qualified Evaluator Yes No 107

108 Signalperson Qualification Requirements Know & understand signals Competent in using signals Basic understanding of crane operation Including boom deflection and swing dynamics Verbal or written test + practical test 108

109 Where to find the full document? Go to Type in

110 Industry Standard Perspective 110

111 He Said, He Said 111

112 Looking Back In 1970 the OSH act was promulgated by the Federal Government requiring employers to provide a safe workplace. In construction it s titled CRF 1926 Construction Industry Standards At that time the Government found it effective and timely to incorporate into the regulations certain industry developed consensus standards 112

113 Looking Back One of the many standards adopted by REFERENCE was the ASME B standard for Crawler, Locomotive and Truck Cranes (b)(2) All crawler, truck, or locomotive cranes in use shall meet the applicable requirements for design, inspection, construction, testing, maintenance and operation as prescribed in the ANSI B , Safety Code for Crawler, Locomotive and Truck Cranes. 113

114 Looking Back By incorporating a standard into a regulation the standard now becomes a part of law that can be enforced and cited by compliance officials. The government can now use this standard but cannot leave the standard open ended without a date. The dated version is the one that must be used unless new rulemaking takes place such as CDAC. (No backdoor rulemaking allowed) 114

115 Looking Back The first B30 committee was organized on November 4, 1924 titled The Safety Code for Cranes, Derricks, and Hoists. Due to changing technology and the interest of labor and industry safety the B30.5 committee was formed in January of May 14, 1968, the first B30.5 standard was published 115

116 Looking Back In 1968 B30.5 Chapter 5-3 Operation (d): The operator shall be responsible for those operations under his direct control. Whenever there is any doubt as to safety, the operator shall have the authority to stop and refuse to handle loads until safety has been assured. 116

117 Looking Back In 1989 Section (d) was changed to read Each operator shall be held responsible for those operations under the operator s direct control. When there is any doubt as to safety, the operator shall consult with the supervisor before handling the loads. 117

118 Looking Back Now in 2007! Before we do Who do you think are the largest group of purchasers of the B30 volumes? 118

119 ASME B30.5 Responsibilities In May of 2007 ASME published the first B30 volume that defined Responsibilities and delineated the roles of parties engaged in the crane industry. It was a culmination of work with a tedious process that that took about 10 years to complete. 119

120 Chapter 5-3 Operation While the organizational structure of various projects may differ, the following roles are described here for purposes of delineating responsibilities. All responsibilities listed below shall be assigned in the work site organization. (A single individual may perform one or more of these roles.) Crane Owner: Has custodial control of a crane by virtue of lease or ownership. Crane User: Arranges the crane s presence on a worksite and controls its use there. Site Supervision: Exercises supervisory control over the work site on which a crane is being used and over the work which is being performed on that site. Lift Director: Directly oversees the work being performed by a crane and the associated rigging crew. Crane Operator: Directly controls the crane s functions. In some situations the Owner and the User may be the same entity and is therefore accountable for all of the following responsibilities. In other cases, the User may lease or rent a crane from the Owner without supervisory, operational, maintenance, support personnel, or services from the Owner. In these situations the following shall apply. 120

121 Chapter 5-3 Crane Owner The Crane Owner s responsibilities shall include: Providing a crane that meets the requirements of Chapters 5-1 and 5-2 of the applicable volume as well as specific job requirements defined by the user; Providing a crane and all necessary components, specified by the manufacturer, that meets the User s requested configuration and capacity; Providing all applicable load/capacity chart(s) and diagrams; Providing additional technical information pertaining to the crane, necessary for crane operation, when requested by the Crane User; Providing field assembly, disassembly, operation, maintenance information, warning decals and placards installed as prescribed by the crane manufacturer; Establishing an inspection, testing, and maintenance program in accordance with Chapter 5-2 and informing the Crane User of the requirements of this program; Using personnel that meet the requirements for a designated person as defined in Para for the purposes of maintenance, repair, transport, assembly and disassembly; Using personnel that meet the requirements for a qualified or designated person as defined in Para , for inspections as required in Section 5-2.1; 121

122 Chapter 5-3 Crane User Complying with the requirements of this volume, manufacturer s requirements and those regulations applicable at the worksite; Using supervisors for crane activities that meet the requirements for a qualified person as defined in Para ; Ensuring that the crane is in proper operating condition prior to initial use at the worksite by: Verifying that the Crane Owner has provided documentation that the crane meets the requirements of Section of this volume; Verifying that a Frequent Inspection has been performed as defined in Verifying that the crane has the necessary lifting capacity to perform the proposed lifting operations in the planned configuration; Using crane operators that meet the requirements of and (f) and are qualified to perform the tasks that will be required with the crane which they are assigned to operate; Ensuring the assigned operator(s) has been notified of adjustments or repairs that have not yet been completed, prior to commencing crane operations; Using personnel that meet the requirements for a qualified or designated person as defined in Para , for inspections as required in Section 5-2.1; Using personnel that meet the requirements for a designated person as defined in Para for the purposes of maintenance, repair, transport, assembly and disassembly; 122

123 Chapter 5-3 Site Supervisor/LD Ensuring that all personnel involved in maintenance, repair, transport, assembly, disassembly and inspection are aware of their responsibilities, assigned duties, and associated hazards; Ensuring that the inspection, testing, and maintenance programs specified by the Crane Owner are followed Lift Director In some situations, the site supervisor and the lift director may be the same person. 123

124 Chapter 5-3 Site Supervisor/LD Ensuring that work involving the assembly and disassembly of a crane is supervised by a qualified person; Ensuring that crane operators meet the requirements of Para ; Ensuring that conditions which may adversely affect crane operations are addressed. Such conditions include but are not limited to: Poor soil conditions; Wind velocity or gusting winds; Heavy rain; Fog; Extreme cold; Artificial lighting. Allowing crane operation near electric power lines only when the requirements of Para have been met; Permitting special lifting operations only when equipment and procedures required by this volume, the crane manufacturer, or a qualified person are employed. Such operations include but are not limited to: Multiple crane lifts; Lifting personnel; Pick and carry operations. Ensuring that work performed by the rigging crew is supervised by a qualified person; Ensuring that crane maintenance is performed by a designated person. 124

125 Chapter 5-3 Lift Director Being present at the jobsite during lifting operations; Stopping crane operations if alerted to an unsafe condition affecting those operations; Ensuring that the preparation of the area needed to support crane operations has been completed before crane operations commence; Ensuring necessary traffic controls are in place to restrict unauthorized access to the crane s work area; Ensuring that personnel involved in crane operations understand their responsibilities, assigned duties and the associated hazards; Addressing safety concerns raised by the operator or other personnel and being responsible if he decides to overrule those concerns and directs crane operations to continue. In all cases, the manufacturer s criteria for safe operation and the requirements of this volume shall be adhered to; Appointing the signal person(s) and conveying that information to the crane operator; Ensuring that signal person(s) appointed meet the requirements of Section 5-3.3; Allowing crane operation near electric power lines only when the requirements of Para and any additional requirements determined by the Site Supervisor have been met; 125

126 Chapter 5-3 Lift Director Ensuring precautions are implemented when hazards associated with special lifting operations are present. Such operations include but are not limited to: Multiple crane lifts; Lifting personnel; Pick and carry operations; Mobile cranes operating on barges. Ensuring that the applicable requirements of ASME B30.23 are met when lifting personnel; Informing the crane operator of the weight of loads to be lifted, as well as the lifting, moving and placing locations for these loads and obtain the operator s verification that this weight does not exceed the crane's rated capacity; Ensuring that a crane s load rigging is performed by designated personnel as defined in Para ; Ensuring that the load is properly rigged and balanced before it is lifted more than a few inches. 126

127 Chapter 5-3 Operator The operator shall be responsible for the following listed items. The operator shall not be responsible for hazards or conditions that are not under his direct control and that adversely affect the lift operations. Whenever the operator has doubt as to the safety of crane operations, the operator shall stop the crane s functions in a controlled manner. Lift operations shall resume only after safety concerns have been addressed or the continuation of crane operations is directed by the Lift Director. Reviewing the requirements for the crane with the Lift Director before operations; Knowing what types of site conditions could adversely affect the operation of the crane and consulting with the Lift Director concerning the possible presence of these conditions; Understanding and applying the information contained in the crane manufacturer s operating manual; Understanding the crane s functions and limitations as well as its particular operating characteristics; Using the crane s load/capacity chart(s) and diagrams and applying all notes and warnings related to the charts, to confirm the correct crane configuration to suit the load, site and lift conditions. Refusing to operate the crane when any portion of the load or crane would enter the Prohibited Zone of energized power lines except as defined in ; Performing a daily inspection as specified in (a),(c),(d), (h) 127

128 Chapter 5-3 Operator Knowing how to travel the crane; Observing each outrigger during extension, setting and retraction or using a signal person to observe each outrigger during extension, setting or retraction; Ensuring that the load and rigging weight(s) have been provided; Calculating or determining, the net capacity for all configurations which will be used and verifying, using the load/capacity chart(s), that the crane has sufficient net capacity for the proposed lift; Considering all factors known that might affect the crane capacity and informing the Lift Director of the need to make appropriate adjustments; Knowing the standard and special signals as specified in Section and responding to such signals from the person who is directing the lift or an appointed signal person. When a signal person is not required as part of the lift operation, the operator is then responsible for the movement of the crane. However, the operator shall obey a stop signal at all times, no matter who gives it; 128

129 Chapter 5-3 Operator Understanding basic load rigging procedures. For responsibility of rigging the load and ensuring that the load is rigged properly see Sections (n),(o); If power fails during operations: Setting all brakes and locking devices; Moving all clutches or other power controls to the off or neutral position; Landing any load suspended below the hook under brake control if practical. Before leaving the crane unattended: Landing any load suspended below the hook, unless the requirements of (d) are met; Disengaging the master clutch; Setting travel, swing, boom brakes, and other locking devices; Putting controls in the off or neutral position; Stopping the engine: An exception to this may exist when crane operation is frequently interrupted during a shift and the operator must leave the crane. Under these circumstances, the engine may remain running and paras, (1) through (4) above shall apply. The operator shall be situated where any entry to the crane can be observed; Considering the recommendations of the manufacturer for securing the crane, when a local weather storm warning exists. 129

130 Insurance Considerations 130

131 Insurance A full application, showing all the named insured's and operations. Any applicable Supplemental applications 5 years loss information valued within the last 60 days with some explanation of losses in excess of 25,000. Example of a Loss Control Program. A table of contents to the safety manual will suffice. For GL, a description of operations, including unique or non standard operations. We need a listing of all equipment used in the operation. An indication of the exposures for the past 5 years. For Auto a brief description of the use and radius of operation. A listing of all equipment, including the VINs, We need to know the change in fleet over the past 5 years. For IM a full listing of all equipment, the identifying numbers and the value. Details on the storage site, and where and how the equipment is being used. For Workers Comp a completed ACORD app, historical payrolls for the past 5years, and a current Rate Mod Worksheet 131

132 QUESTIONS? 132

133 The Contents of this presentation are the work product of the authors and may not be used or otherwise reproduced without the express written permission of the authors. 133

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