Looking Beyond Contemporary Project Management
|
|
- Vernon Booth
- 8 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Looking Beyond Contemporary Project Management Sam Fernando 1, David Thorpe 2, Kriengsak Panuwatwanich 3 and Steven Goh 4 Abstract In our current approach to project management, the aspects of time, cost and quality still remain as predominant considerations. However, the perception of project success has changed over the years and many other factors are also considered important today. It is difficult to incorporate most of these additional factors due to the complexity in accommodating a large number of variables, some of which are not common to all projects and to all client organisations. The authors propose a powerful tool to address this difficulty, innovation management, which has the capability of accommodating new considerations under one group. It has not been possible to focus on innovation management at the project level previously due to the non-availability of comprehensive studies on the subject area. However, the authors have come up with a theoretical framework to identify mechanisms that facilitate innovation at the project level of a construction project, most of which could be applied to projects in general. Based on this theoretical framework, the authors propose to integrate project management and innovation management and provide suggestions as to how the concept of innovation management could be incorporated into project management within the PMBOK (Project Management Body of Knowledge) project management framework (PMI, 2013). Keywords: innovation, innovation management, project management, project outcomes, project success. Introduction People have undertaken projects for more than 6,000 years, and projects are the key instrument for the development of society, starting from the pyramids and the Great Wall of China, and this is not going to change (Geraldi, Turner et al., 2008). As the projects are needed to uplift the lives of humankind, managing them is vital. When the modern approach to project management started in 1950 s, the necessity was to improve project performance and the main considerations were time, cost and quality (called the iron triangle ). Today, the considerations for project success include measuring the success in the implementation process, the perceived value of the project and client satisfaction. Project success is measured across dimensions such as meeting planning and design goals, customer benefits and benefit to the developing organisation. In addition, doing the process right, getting the system right and getting the benefits right are considered along with assessing project success according to short-term and long-term project objectives. Using the available literature, achieving project success is discussed in the paper. 1 PhD Student, Faculty of Engineering and Surveying, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield, Brisbane 4300, Australia, Tel: , sam.fernando@usq.edu.au. 2 Senior Lecturer, Faculty of Engineering and Surveying, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield, Brisbane 4300, Australia, Tel: , david.thorpe@usq.edu.au. 3 Senior Lecturer, Griffith School of Engineering, Griffith University, Gold Coast campus QLD 4222, Australia, Tel: , k.panuwatwanich@griffith.edu.au. 4 Senior Lecturer, School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba Qld 4350, Australia, Tel: , steven.goh@usq.edu.au. 374
2 The complexity in accommodating a large number of variables, some of which are not common to all projects, is the main reason for not incorporating the additional considerations in the current project management approach. However, there is a powerful tool to use in this connection. It is innovation management. Innovation also has the capability in accommodating the large number of above mentioned additional considerations under one group. The benefits of innovation covers all the considerations for a successful project including those within the iron triangle. Therefore, in innovation there is one entity to work with in dealing with the considerations mentioned. It has not been possible to focus on innovation management at the project level previously due to the non-availability of comprehensive studies on the subject area. However, the authors have come up with a theoretical framework to identify mechanisms that facilitate innovation at the project level of a construction project, most of which could be applied to projects in general. This theoretical framework has been the result of an extensive literature review and consultations with several experienced practitioners. In the paper, the importance of innovation is discussed along with how it could provide solutions to the dilemma of not incorporating some success criteria in PMBOK (Project Management Body of Knowledge) (PMI, 2013) literature. Firstly, the historical development of project management and its continued focus on the iron triangle are discussed. Historical perspective of project management and project success There is rather widespread agreement that what could be validly called modern project management had its genesis in the 1950s (Stretton, 2007). According to Stretton, the USA Company Bechtel first used the term Project Manager in their international work beginning in the 1950's. The Transmountain Oil Pipeline in Canada was the first project in which Bechtel actually functioned as the project manager, although it was not called project management at that time (Stretton, 2007). It is apparent that one of the main reasons contributed to the development of project management has been the need to prevent project failures. This view is supported by Atkinson (1999) who stated that based upon past mistakes and believed best practice, standards such as BS and the UK Body of Knowledge continue to be developed. Belassi and Tukel (1996) also supported this view. They stated that since the 1950s most of the work in project management has focused on project scheduling problems, assuming that the development of better scheduling techniques would result in better management and thus the successful completion of projects (Belassi and Tukel, 1996). With this historical background and the focus on preventing failures, it is interesting to explore how project success has been viewed. It is apparent that the project success is still looked from the perspective of iron triangle considerations. For example, PMBOK focuses more on scope, time, cost, quality, resources, and risk management when defining project success. It states that since projects are temporary in nature, the success of the project should be measured in terms of completing the project within the constraints of scope, time, cost, quality, resources, and risk as approved between the project managers and senior management (PMI, 2013). Having looked at the development of project management over the years, it is interesting to find out how the meaning of project management and project success changed over the years. Referring views from the 1950's, Atkinson (1999) stated that after 50 years it appears that the definitions for project management continue to include a limited set of success criteria, namely the Iron Triangle of cost, time and quality. He argued that this emphasis and the rhetoric which has followed over the last 50 years supporting those ideas may have resulted in a biased measurement of project management success and could be the problem 375
3 to realising more successful projects (Atkinson, 1999). Supporting this view, Shenhar, Dvir et al. (2001) stated that one of the most common approaches to project success has been to consider a project successful when it has met its time and budget goals. Although this may seem true in some cases and appropriate in the short run when time to market is critical there are many examples where this approach is simply not enough. Quite often, what seemed to be a troubled project, with extensive delays and overruns, turned out later to be a great business success (Shenhar, Dvir et al., 2001). Mir and Pinnington (2014) added further projects differ in size, uniqueness and complexity, thus the criteria for measuring success vary from project to project making it unlikely that a universal set of project success criteria will be agreed. Traditional project management systems which exclusively pursue the success criteria of cost, time, quality and meeting technical requirements have become considered ineffective (Mir and Pinnington, 2014). Egemen & Mohamed also supported this argument by stating that the traditional assumption that clients only need projects which are completed within budget, on schedule and with a reasonable quality should start to change (Egemen and Mohamed, 2006). In the light of this argument, it is interesting to know what scholars describe as contemporary project success. Project success assessment Project success (or failure) is a comparative term, which can be interpreted by different parties in different ways. However, there is a widespread agreement about the ways of measuring the success of a project. Citing other researchers, Mir and Pinnington (2014) have identified the following different ways of measuring project success: Measuring the success in the implementation process, the perceived value of the project and client satisfaction with the result. Measuring project success across the four dimensions of meeting planning and design goals, customer benefits, benefit to the developing organisation. Dividing project success into three categories: doing the process right, getting the system right and getting the benefits right. Assessing project success according to short-term and long-term project objectives including efficiency (meeting schedule and budget goals), impact on customers (customer benefits in performance of end products and meeting customer needs), business success (project benefits in commercial value and market share) and preparing for the future (creating new technological and operational infrastructure and market opportunities). (Mir and Pinnington, 2014). Many researchers such as Shenhar (2001), Baccarini (1999), Dulaimi, Ling et al. (2003), Dulaimi, Nepal et al. (2005), Lu and Sexton (2006), Ozorhon (2012), Gambatese and Hallowell (2011), Eaton, Akbiyikli et al. (2006) and Panuwatwanich (2008) have identified general factors that contribute to project success. The authors have listed the following as the factors contributing to the success of a project, which include the findings of the above researchers: 1. User and stakeholder considerations: solving a customer s problem, fitness for use, satisfying stakeholders and user needs, creating user happiness and loyalty, providing positive economic impact to surrounding community. 376
4 2. Firm level considerations: increased revenues, profits and market share, competitive advantage and market impact, enhanced reputation, higher diversification, increased capabilities, creation of new opportunities for new products and markets. 3. Project execution level considerations: meeting owner s needs, decreased time and cost, higher quality, higher project efficiency and productivity, meeting functional performance, meeting technical specifications, reduced waste and sustainable outcomes. 4. Organisational level considerations: content project team, job satisfaction and personal development of team members, positive organisational and professional learning, increased organisational effectiveness and commitment, higher organisational motivation. This clearly shows that the factors that are currently being considered as project success are not confined only to those related to scope, time, cost, quality, resources and risk. Supporting this view, Shenhar (2001) added the project management success criteria of time, cost and performance are subordinate to the higher product success of goal and purpose. The authors agree that the project success should go beyond the consideration of those in the iron triangle and that the current project management approaches do not accommodate many factors considered important for project success today. In our opinion, it is difficult for contemporary project management approaches to cater for the additional project success factors due to the following reasons. 1. There are too many factors to deal with and they differ from project to project and organisation to organisation. 2. Accommodating them make the project management approaches more complicated, limiting its ease of use. 3. Currently, there is no single entity accommodating all project success factors under one group. The authors are of the opinion that innovation management is capable of accommodating project success factors considered relevant today and should be the entity that we look for to incorporate project success factors in contemporary project management approaches. To prove above arguments, it is necessary to first look at how innovation could pave the way for project success. Importance of innovation for project success In order to assess the importance of innovation for project success, it is necessary to understand what innovation means in the context of projects. A comprehensive literature review has identified that scant research focus has been given to project innovation. In fact, authors found no proper definition for project level innovation after undertaking a comprehensive literature review on the topic. The closest definition the authors found to specifically describe project level innovation was given in the context of construction industry by Ling (2003). Ling defined innovation as a new idea that is implemented in a construction project with the intention of deriving additional benefits although there might have been associated risks and uncertainties. Ling s definition refers to new design, technology, material component or construction method. However, the term 'additional benefits' does not provide a meaning without first identifying 'default' benefits (if such benefits do exist). 377
5 After lengthy interviews and consultation with ten highly experienced practitioners in the construction industry, the authors developed the following definition, which they believe can be applied to any project. Our definition is with respect to projects, innovation can be regarded as the application of ideas for new or improved products (including materials, plant and equipment) and software, technologies, methods, practices and systems designed to benefit the project. The unique nature of projects provides a suitable environment to use innovation. Commenting on project based firms, Keegan and Turner (2002) stated that Project based firms are engaged in unique, novel and transient work, delivering bespoke outputs to clients and working to customised specifications in both capital and new product development projects. All project based firms use teams, usually multi-disciplinary, to achieve their goals. Because no two projects are the same, project based firms deal with change as a matter of their daily commercial reality. Further, because they produce once-off offerings rather than commodities, customer orientation is always a strategic concern. What better context in which to examine innovation? Many scholars who conducted research on the construction industry, have emphasised the importance of innovation in projects. They include Dulaimi, Ling et al. (2003), Dulaimi, Nepal et al. (2005), Lu and Sexton (2006), Eaton, Akbiyikli et al. (2006), Gambatese and Hallowell (2011) and Ozorhon (2012). According to Newton (1999), innovation has been advanced as the fourth dimension of competition in construction, along with cost, quality and time. Russell et al. (2006) pointed out that innovation can occur at the project delivery level at one or more of the project stages/phases design, construction, and operation and maintenance. Innovations appear to be ubiquitous in design and construction (Russell et al., 2006). The authors agree with these views and believe that they could be extended to projects in general. In addition, all these arguments point out to the fact that projects provide fertile grounds for innovation. Innovation benefits all types of projects. However, some types of projects receive more benefits than others from innovation management. Shenhar (2001) has categorised projects into the following: 1. Low-technology projects, which rely on existing and well-established technologies, such as construction, road building and build to print projects, where a contractor rebuilds an existing product; 2. Medium-technology projects, which rest mainly on existing, base technologies but incorporate some new technology or feature. Examples include industrial projects of incremental innovation, as well as improvements and modifications of existing products; 3. High-technology projects, which are defined as projects in which most of the technologies employed are new, but existent, having been developed prior to project initiation, such as developments of new computer facilities, or many defence developments; 4. Super-technology projects, which are based primarily on new, not yet existent technologies, which must be developed during project execution. This type of project is relatively rare, and is usually carried out by only a few (and probably large) organisations or government agencies. Most construction projects belong to the lowest level in the hierarchy, i.e. low technology projects. Yet, many researchers have found significant benefits from innovation for construction projects. They include decreased cost, competitive advantage, higher quality (Gambatese and Hallowell, 2011), productivity improvement, improvement of client 378
6 satisfaction (Ozorhon, 2012), improvement of working conditions, quicker construction times and better value for clients (Eaton, Akbiyikli et al., 2006), increased organisational effectiveness and commitment and higher organisational motivation (Dulaimi, Ling et al., 2003; Dulaimi, Nepal et al., 2005; and Lu and Sexton 2006). If low-technology projects such as construction projects benefit from innovation, the benefits to higher order projects can be even higher. It is also interesting to explore how innovation brings in benefits to projects. For this, it is necessary to look at the fundamentals of innovation. Innovation is closely related to creativity. Creativity, in general, means the ability to combine ideas in a unique way to make unusual associations between ideas. Innovation is the process of taking a creative idea and turning it into a useful product, service, or method of operations (Robbins, 1994). In other words, facilitation of innovation means providing opportunities to generate beneficial ideas and implementing them. As there is no limit to the scope of ideas, they could include the ideas contributing to achieve the iron triangle considerations of time, cost and quality and all the other success considerations discussed above. This means that focussing on innovation enables dealing with all project success considerations under a single entity. With this background, the authors conclude the following: 1. The time has come to expand project management approaches to accommodate multiple success criteria, considered necessary today, in projects. 2. We have a tool to do this through facilitating innovation as it is a single entity which could be used to achieve multiple project success criteria. Understanding the importance of innovation in project management is one thing but accommodating it in project management methodology is another. Proposed framework for applying innovation in project management To apply innovation management during the execution of projects it is necessary to have a good understanding of mechanisms that facilitate innovation. A comprehensive literature review conducted by the authors has revealed that no research has been done so far to comprehensively study the mechanisms that facilitate innovation at the project execution level. In order to fill this knowledge gap, the authors are undertaking a research in the area of construction. The objectives of the research are the following: 1. To identify mechanisms that can be implemented by the client in construction projects, which enhance innovation performance through a comprehensive literature review and discussions with experienced practitioners. 2. To develop an empirically-tested model that encapsulates the above mechanisms as constructs and their relationship to each other and on the performance of innovation. 3. To test and validate the model using appropriate methods. The first two objectives have been achieved thus far. The identified mechanisms are idea harnessing, relationship enhancement, incentivisation and project team fitness. They are briefly explained below. Idea harnessing This is the use of new and beneficial ideas to identify and implement innovative actions. There are techniques and strategies available that could be used in projects to harness ideas. They include suggestion box, general brainstorming, brainstorming with De Bono 6 hats, scenario planning, risk assessment planning, life cycle costing and value management. Some of the strategies that can be used to generate new ideas are: following new research in the 379
7 field of work; using inputs from experienced personnel, key stakeholders, contractors and suppliers and fellow staff and workers; using best practices and using captured project learnings from completed projects. Relationship enhancement No innovation could be achieved in an adversarial environment (Ling, 2003). Relationship enhancement is employing actions to improve relationship within the project team and between parties to the project such as contractors, consultants and suppliers. Different formal or informal relationships are formed during the execution of a project with the contractor, some of which enhance relationships. They belong to the category of relationship contracting which includes partnering and alliancing. Partnering is a formal process to facilitate greater team participation and communication outside the contractual process. Alliancing goes further than this by making the process contractual. In relationship enhancement mechanism, the type of relationship between parties to the project and the level of relationships are considered that enhance relationship between parties. Incentivisation Research shows that innovative activities in a project could be enhanced by encouraging and providing incentives or rewards to augment synergistic motivation of those engaged in the project. These could be internal (such as presenting awards within the organisation) or external (such as industry professional organisational awards). They could also be monetary (payments to contractors and to other key suppliers if they undertake innovative activities) or non-monetary (giving future contracts to innovative contractors). Incentives could be given to individuals and to teams and they could be from the client s team as well as from parties contributing to the project. Project team fitness All the mechanisms mentioned above may not work unless the client s team is capable and focused on enhancing innovation. Therefore, the client s team should be highly motivated, experienced and knowledgeable on promoting innovation within the project. In addition, the client s team should be encouraged and well supported to engage in innovative activities. This aspect is covered under project team fitness. Project team fitness consists of deliberate actions taken at the project level to strengthen the project team and improving its capability to focus on innovative activities. The client actions for project team fitness can be broadly grouped into the following components: 1. Create a capable project team by appointing suitable team members and develop the team to undertake activities to enhance innovation performance. 2. Establish a strong supportive environment for the project team to undertake innovative activities. Creating a capable project team includes the following: Appointing a capable project manager by looking for innovative leadership characteristics and by looking for past innovation history. Appointing a capable project team by recruiting technically knowledgeable and experienced project team members from diverse backgrounds. Developing the project team by inculcating a team innovative culture and developing it as a high-performing team. 380
8 For the client s team to be highly active in facilitating innovation, it needs to get encouragement and required resources from the parent organisation. This task would be easy if the client organisation, itself is innovative. After identifying these mechanisms through a comprehensive literature review, they were tested through lengthy interviews with ten highly experienced Australian construction industry practitioners. Further work Based on the above framework, a conceptual model encapsulating the mechanisms and how they interact to influence project innovation performance has been proposed, which is shown below. Figure 1: Proposed model Data collected from a survey of practitioners will be used to refine the model using a semiquantitative questionnaire. The participants of the survey would be Australian practitioners who have considerable experience in major infrastructure construction projects, working in key positions for the client. The data will be analysed using statistical methods including descriptive data analysis to describe the data set and to get a feel for the data, measurement scale analysis to assess reliability and validity and model assessment and refinement. The relationships between the model constructs will be analysed using multivariate regression analysis. The validation of the model will be through an expert panel employing the Delphi technique. Although the framework mentioned above has been developed in the context of construction projects, the authors believe that it can be equally applicable to any other project. In addition, the authors believe that the mechanisms identified could be incorporated into contemporary project management approaches. Suggestions for incorporating these mechanisms into PMBOK methodology are given below. 381
9 Integrating project management and innovation management The authors suggest that the above research findings be included in the PMBOK methodology (PMI, 2013) through the following ways: 1. Add innovation facilitation skills under Interpersonal Skills of a Project Manager (see section in PMBOK). The following abilities may be categorised under innovation facilitation skills: Encourage people to try new ways of doing their jobs Encourage bringing out ideas even some look silly Coordinate and combine the creativeness of project team members and facilitate their idea generation efforts Adopt and implement new ideas on projects Show appreciation to creativity and innovation by giving public and meaningful recognition Have enough time to pursue innovative ideas Provide adequate funding for new technologies Provide enough manpower to support innovation Provide adequate training for new technologies Constantly look for opportunities to improve Seek out and promote new technologies, processes, techniques, ideas to solve problems Recruit team members from different backgrounds to generate divergent thinking (male, female, people from different ethnic backgrounds) Convince and sell innovative ideas to potential allies and get their support and approval. 2. Improve the wording of Project Success (see section in PMBOK). Suggested wordings are Since projects are temporary in nature, the success of the project should be measured in terms of completing the project within the constraints of scope, time, cost, quality, resources, risk and other success criteria as approved between the project managers and the senior management (added words shown are underlined). 3. Improve the section on the Role of the Knowledge Areas (see section 3.9) by adding a new knowledge area called Innovation Management. Under this area, the mechanisms mentioned above, i.e. idea harnessing, relationship enhancement, incentivisation and project team fitness should be discussed in detail identifying actions under each mechanism. It is noted that some actions are mentioned elsewhere (example, brainstorming). They may be removed from current sections and placed under the new knowledge area. Conclusions The authors believe that the contemporary project management has not been able to deliver optimum outcomes, which it is capable of. Project management approaches currently available tend to focus mainly on the iron triangle outcomes, namely the time, cost and quality, leaving most other potential project outcomes untouched. The main reason for this is the difficulty in catering to many desired project outcomes, which differ from organisation to organisation and from project to project. In addition, a single way of dealing with these multiple outcomes has not been found up to now. The authors believe that they have found the answer to this problem in innovation. 382
10 Innovation has benefited humankind in all walks of life. However, it has not been properly utilised in project management up to now. Although many clients recognise the importance of fostering innovation in projects, they face an apparent paradox: how to influence the disorderly and unpredictable process of innovation using orderly and predictable business processes. This task has increasingly become difficult due to the lack of sufficient knowledge on factors that client can influence to promote innovation at the project level. The author s research in the area of construction projects have unearthed a set of mechanisms to apply innovation in projects. We believe the four mechanisms discovered, namely idea harnessing, relationship enhancement, incentivisation and project team fitness, could be applied to projects in general to facilitate innovation during project execution. Therefore, the authors propose to integrate project management and innovation management, arming project managers with more tools to achieve enhanced project outcomes. Specific details of how this can be done in relation to the PMBOK project management approach have been provided. As there is no adequate definition currently available, a new definition was developed to describe innovation related to projects, which will benefit future researchers. This paper is based on the research findings to date in the context of construction projects. Future research may include testing these research findings in other project areas. References Atkinson, R., Project management: cost, time and quality, two best guesses and a phenomenon, its time to accept other success criteria. International Journal of Project Management, 17(6): Baccarini, D., The logical framework method for defining project success, Project management Journal, vol. 30, no. 4, pp Belassi, W. and O. I. Tukel, A new framework for determining critical success/failure factors in projects. International Journal of Project Management, 14(3): Geraldi, J. G. et al., Innovation in project management: Voices of researchers. International Journal of Project Management, 26(5): Keegan, A. and J. R. Turner, The management of innovation in project-based firms. Long range planning, 35(4): Ling, F.Y.Y., Managing the implementation of construction innovations, Construction Management and Economics, 21(6): Mir, F. A. and A. H. Pinnington, Exploring the value of project management: linking project management performance and project success. International Journal of Project Management, 32(2): PMI, A guide to the Project management body of knowledge (PMBOK Guide), fifth edition, Project Management Institute, Chapters 4-8. Shenhar, A. J. et al., Project success: a multidimensional strategic concept. Long range planning, 34(6): Stretton, A., A short history of modern project management. PM World Today, 9(10): Robbins, S.P., Management. Fourth Edition: Prentice Hall International Editions. USA,
9 TH INTERNATIONAL ASECU CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMIC ECONOMIC CRISIS: CURRENT ISSUES AND PERSPECTIVES
Matilda Alexandrova Liliana Ivanova University of National and World Economy,Sofia, Bulgaria CRITICAL SUCCESS FACTORS OF PROJECT MANAGEMENT: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM PROJECTS SUPPORTED BY EU PROGRAMMES
More informationMeasuring Project Outcomes: A Review of Success Effectiveness Variables
Measuring Project Outcomes: A Review of Success Effectiveness Variables Stamatia Kylindri University of Southern Denmark Institute of Technology and Innovation Dr George Blanas Department of Business Administration
More informationHRD - much more than just training!
HRD - much more than just training! Cec Pedersen* Department of Human Resource Management & Employment Relations University of Southern Queensland. Paper presented at Australian Institute of Training &
More informationExperiences in Implementing a Postgraduate Engineering Management Program
Experiences in Implementing a Postgraduate Engineering Management David Thorpe University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland thorped@usq.edu.au Robert Fulcher University of Southern Queensland,
More informationPERCEPTIONS OF THE CONCEPT OF INTERNAL MARKETING- A PILOT STUDY
PERCEPTIONS OF THE CONCEPT OF INTERNAL MARKETING- A PILOT STUDY ABSTRACT This study focuses on the perceptions of Internal Marketing in the higher education sector of Australian Capital Territory and Regional
More informationDeveloping Critical Thinking: Student Perspectives LILAC 10 Discussion Paper Dr Angus Nurse, University of Lincoln
Developing Critical Thinking: Student Perspectives LILAC 10 Discussion Paper Dr Angus Nurse, University of Lincoln SUMMARY/ABSTRACT This discussion paper relates to the interim findings of a research project
More informationLearning & Development Strategic Plan
Learning & Development Strategic Plan 2006 Preamble The Business Model Review of the Department of Corrective Services in 2004 identified that: Continuous workforce improvement through structured initial
More informationDefining and measuring project success
Defining and measuring project success Danie van der Westhuizen, Department Information Systems, Faculty of Business, University of Southern Queensland - Wide Bay Campus, Hervey Bay, Queensland, Australia,
More informationBefore you begin. Topic 1: Research planning requirements 1. Topic 2: Develop human resource strategic plan 37
Contents Before you begin vii Topic 1: Research planning requirements 1 1A Analyse strategic plans to determine human resource strategic direction, objectives and targets 2 1B Undertake additional environmental
More informationA Success Measurement Model for Construction Projects
2011 International Conference on Financial Management and Economics IPEDR vol.11 (2011) (2011) IACSIT Press, Singapore A Success Measurement Model for Construction Projects Shahrzad Khosravi 1 + and Hamidreza
More informationLogan City Council. Strategic Planning and Performance Management Framework
Logan City Council Strategic Planning and Performance Management Framework 1 Table of contents 1. Overview 3 a) Purpose 3 b) Key Features 3 2. Context 4 a) National Framework for Sustainability 4 b) Elements
More informationThe Concept of Project Success What 150 Australian project managers think D Baccarini 1, A Collins 2
The Concept of Project Success What 150 Australian project managers think D Baccarini 1, A Collins 2 1 Curtin University of Technology, Perth, Western Australia 2 Broad Construction Services, Perth, Western
More informationPROFIT AND PRINCIPLES FINDING A BALANCE WITH THE TRIPLE BOTTOM LINE
PROFIT AND PRINCIPLES FINDING A BALANCE WITH THE TRIPLE BOTTOM LINE Chris Adam, Cardno MBK Pty Ltd PO Box 388 Toowong Qld 4066 Australia cadam@cardno.com.au ABSTRACT Many Water Authorities throughout Australia
More informationThe Asset Management Landscape
The Asset Management Landscape ISBN 978-0-9871799-1-3 Issued November 2011 www.gfmam.org The Asset Management Landscape www.gfmam.org ISBN 978-0-9871799-1-3 Published November 2011 This version replaces
More informationEffects of Project Management on the Performance of a Construction Firm in Nigeria
Effects of Project Management on the Performance of a Construction Firm in Nigeria Irefin, Isaac Adeyemi, PhD African Institute for Science Policy and Innovation Obafemi Awolowo University Ile-Ife, Nigeria
More informationImplementation of TQM in Manufacturing Industries in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Implementation of TQM in Manufacturing Industries in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Anisur Rahman 1 and Muhammad T. Attar 2 1,2 Griffith School of Engineering, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, QLD
More informationFINAL REPORT DISCIPLINE OF OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY
FINAL REPORT QUEENSLAND REGIONAL TRAINING NETWORK HEALTH DISCIPLINE GROUPS 2014 DISCIPLINE OF OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY A collaboration between The Queensland Occupational Therapy Fieldwork Collaborative (QOTFC),
More informationProject Evaluation Guidelines
Project Evaluation Guidelines Queensland Treasury February 1997 For further information, please contact: Budget Division Queensland Treasury Executive Building 100 George Street Brisbane Qld 4000 or telephone
More informationPerformance Management Is performance management really necessary? What techniques are best to use?
Performance Management Is performance management really necessary? What techniques are best to use? This e-book is a guide for employers to help them discover tips and methods of performance management,
More informationProject management skills for engineers: industry perceptions and implications for engineering project management course
Project management skills for engineers: industry perceptions and implications for engineering project management course Kriengsak Panuwatwanich Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia k.panuwatwanich@griffith.edu.au
More informationHuman Resource Management and Development
Human Resource Management and Development product: 4388 course code: c302 Human Resource Management and Development Centre for Financial and Management Studies, SOAS University of London First Edition
More informationDefining Program Types
Defining Program Types Typologies are based on the inherent characteristics of the project or program (not the industry they are based in). Significant work has been done defining the different types of
More informationHealth services management education in South Australia
Health services management education in South Australia CHRIS SELBY SMITH Chris Selby Smith is Professor, Department of Business Management, Faculty of Business and Economics at Monash University. ABSTRACT
More information2012/2013 Programme Specification Data. Public Relations
2012/2013 Programme Specification Data Programme Name Public Relations Programme Number Programme Award QAA Subject Benchmark Statements n/a Masters The QAA benchmarking statements for Masters of Business
More informationAll available Global Online MBA routes have a set of core modules required to be completed in order to achieve an MBA.
All available Global Online MBA routes have a set of core modules required to be completed in order to achieve an MBA. Those modules are: Building High Performance Organisations Management and Organisational
More informationMeasuring Quality in Graduate Education: A Balanced Scorecard Approach
Measuring Quality in Graduate Education: A Balanced Scorecard Approach Dr. S. Kim Sokoya Professor of Management Associate Dean, Graduate and Executive Education Jones College of Business Middle Tennessee
More informationEMPOWERING THE CLIENT IN THE BRIEFING PROCESS
EMPOWERING THE CLIENT IN THE BRIEFING PROCESS Lindsay Castell 1 Construction Management Department, Curtin University of Technology, Perth, Western Australia Accurately identifying the client s requirements
More informationUsing Internet to Enhance the Teaching and Learning of Music Technology at Griffith University Gold Coast
Using Internet to Enhance the Teaching and Learning of Music Technology at Griffith University Gold Coast Greg Whateley Geraldine Torrisi Robert Ellis-Geiger School of Education School of Education Department
More informationMILITARY EDUCATION AND LEADERSHIP DEVELOPMENT COMMANDANT CHARLES DINEEN
MILITARY EDUCATION AND LEADERSHIP DEVELOPMENT COMMANDANT CHARLES DINEEN 09 March 2012. 1 Introduction I intend to outline the importance of adopting an Organisational Development perspective when approaching
More informationPEOPLE INVOLVEMENT AND THEIR COMPETENCE IN QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS * Jarmila ŠALGOVIČOVÁ, Matej BÍLÝ
PEOPLE INVOLVEMENT AND THEIR COMPETENCE IN QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS * Jarmila ŠALGOVIČOVÁ, Matej BÍLÝ Authors: Workplace: Assoc. Prof. Jarmila Šalgovičová, PhD., Prof. Matej Bílý, DrSC.* Institute of
More informationMBA Global Financial Services
MBA Global Financial Services www.coventry.ac.uk/londoncampus MBA Global Financial Services is for students who intend to pursue a career in the financial services sector. It can help students boost their
More information6.0 Procurement procedure 1 Infrastructure
Page 6-1 6.0 Procurement procedure 1 Infrastructure 6.1 Overview Introduction Procurement procedure 1 Infrastructure consists of four parts: guidelines for understanding the strategic context for the procurement
More informationIRNOP VIII. Brighton, United Kingdom, 2007. Title: A study of project categorisation based on project management complexity
IRNOP VIII Brighton, United Kingdom, 2007 Title: A study of project categorisation based on project management complexity Authors: Alicia Aitken, Dr Lynn Crawford ESC Lille, France and Bond University,
More informationExperiential knowledge as decision-making factor in international construction business
Experiential knowledge as decision-making factor in international construction business Josip Sertic, M.Eng. C. Eng. University of Zagreb, Faculty of Civil Engineering jsertic@grad.hr Ivica Zavrski, PhD,
More informationEvaluating project manager performance: a case study
Evaluating project manager performance: a case study Veridiana Rotondaro Pereira, Marly Monteiro de Carvalho University of São Paulo e-mail: veridiana.pereira@poli.usp.br; marlymc@usp.br Abstract: A project
More informationDr J B Yang and Mr M Sonmez, Manchester School of Management, UMIST, Manchester, M60 1QD Tel: 0161 200 3427 E-mail: jian-bo.yang@umist.ac.
An Evidential Reasoning Approach to Contractor Evaluation in the Military Aircraft Sector Authors Dr G Graham 1, Business School, University of Salford, Salford, M5 4WT. Tel: 0161 295 5336 E-mail: g.graham@business.salford.ac.uk
More informationOutsourcing. Knowledge Summary
Knowledge Summary Outsourcing P&SM professionals should have the knowledge and skills required to manage the outsourcing process and to advise colleagues of the most appropriate solution to obtain best
More informationDOES SUCCESSFUL PROJECT MANAGEMENT EQUATES TO PROJECT SUCCESS? wmaimun@yahoo.com 2 University Malaya, UM Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. drahmad@um.edu.
DOES SUCCESSFUL PROJECT MANAGEMENT EQUATES TO PROJECT SUCCESS? Assoc. Prof. Sr Wan Maimun Wan Abdullah 1 and Assoc. Prof. Sr Dr Ahmad Ramly 2 1 University Technology Malaysia, UTM Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
More informationReinventing Project Management
Reinventing Project Management The Diamond Approach to Successful Growth and Innovation by Aaron J. Shenhar and Dov Dvir Focus Communication Finance & Accounting Global Business Innovation & Entrepreneurship
More informationNotes on programs vs. standalone projects
ABSTRACT Notes on programs vs. standalone projects By This paper discusses some similarities and differences between programs and standalone projects. A distinction is first made between standalone projects,
More informationSummary of the Master Thesis. Masters Degree International Project Management
Summary of the Master Thesis Masters Degree International Project Management in the Building Process Chain Stakeholder Contribution to the Strategic Direction of a Construction Project Submitted by: Dipl.-Ing.
More informationOpen and Distance Learning Student Retention: A Case Study of the University of Papua New Guinea Open College
Open and Distance Learning Student Retention: A Case Study of the University of Papua New Guinea Open College INTRODUCTION Prof. Dr. Abdul Mannan, University of Papua new Guinea Open College, mannanma@upng.ac.pg
More informationUniversity College London Staff survey 2013: results presentation
University College London Staff survey 2013: results presentation Classification: Private Agenda Headline results Employee engagement Key drivers of engagement within UCL Other key themes Summary and next
More informationPrograms, standalone & component projects, and perceptions of scope of project management applicability
Programs, Standalone & Component Programs, standalone & component projects, and perceptions of scope of project management applicability By Alan Stretton ABSTRACT This paper first discusses initiation
More informationExecutive Summary and Action Plan July 2008
Campus Alberta Quality Council Three-Year Review Executive Summary and Action Plan July 2008 Executive Summary As part of a three-year review of its operations, the Campus Alberta Quality Council surveyed
More informationIntegrate Optimise Sustain
Prepared by James Horton - james.horton@ - +61 8 9324 8400 August 2012 Overview The intent of this paper is to describe how rail automation can be integrated with logistics scheduling. It provides general
More informationthe Defence Leadership framework
the Defence Leadership framework Growing Leaders at all Levels Professionalism Loyalty Integrity Courage Innovation Teamwork Foreword One of the founding elements of Building Force 2030, as outlined in
More informationChange Management Practitioner Competencies
1 change-management-institute.com Change Management Institute 2008 Reviewed 2010, 2012 Change Management Practitioner Competencies The Change Management Practitioner competency model sets an independent
More informationHuman, Social and Network Capital and its role in the Boardroom
University of Bath Human, Social and Network Capital and its role in the Boardroom MBA Thesis Paula Haines paula.haines@virgin.net This research was carried out for a MBA thesis at the University of Bath
More informationThe interdisciplinary nature of the skills needed by project managers
Journal of Applied Computing and Information Technology ISSN 2230-4398, Volume 16, Issue 1, 2011-12 Incorporating the NACCQ publications: Bulletin of Applied Computing and Information Technology, ISSN
More informationA SYSTEMS MODEL OF PROJECT MANAGEMENT
A SYSTEMS MODEL OF PROJECT MANAGEMENT Richard Brian Barber Research Student School of Civil Engineering Australian Defence Force Academy Canberra ACT Australia 2600 barberrb@bigpond.net.au INTRODUCTION
More informationOutsourcing. Definitions. Outsourcing Strategy. Potential Advantages of an Outsourced Service. Procurement Process
CIPS takes the view that the outsourcing of services to specialist providers can often lead to better quality of services and increased value for money. Purchasing and supply management professionals should
More informationDEVELOPMENT OF THE COMPETITIVE TOC ALLIANCE A CLIENT INITIATIVE
DEVELOPMENT OF THE COMPETITIVE TOC ALLIANCE A CLIENT INITIATIVE Brad Cowan, CPEng. MBA, MPD, RPEQ, GAICD John Davis, BE(Civil), MBA, RPEQ, MAICD Southern Pacific Alliance Network INTRODUCTION Many will
More informationWork-based Learning and the Manufacturing Industry*
Int. J. Engng Ed. Vol. 20, No. 4, pp. 561±565, 2004 0949-149X/91 $3.00+0.00 Printed in Great Britain. # 2004 TEMPUS Publications. Work-based Learning and the Manufacturing Industry* GEORGE BURNS University
More informationPOSITION DESCRIPTION, PERFORMANCE MEASURES AND TARGETS
POSITION DESCRIPTION, PERFORMANCE MEASURES AND TARGETS Attachment 1 Position Title: Programs & Client Relations Manager Responsible to: Chief Executive Officer Responsibility: Programs Management and Client
More informationPROJECT SUCCESS IN SLOVENIAN COMPANIES
DAAAM INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC BOOK 2012 pp. 053-064 CHAPTER 05 PROJECT SUCCESS IN SLOVENIAN COMPANIES PALCIC, I. & BUCHMEISTER, B. Abstract: This manuscript has a two-fold purpose. First we want to introduce
More informationPG Diploma Business and Management
PG Diploma Business and Management Module Specification Booklet Page 1 of 30 Contents Level 7 Modules... 3 Management: Principles and Practices... 4 Leadership in Practice... 6 Economics for Managers...
More informationBecoming a Librarian
Becoming a Librarian Stuart Ferguson, Senior Lecturer, University of Canberra. When Nancy first mentioned the topic Becoming a Librarian I thought it sounded quite straightforward but the more I thought
More informationCourse outline. Code: PRM701 Title: Project Management Principles
Faculty of: Arts and Business School of Business Teaching Session: Semester 1 Year: 2015 Course Coordinator: Steven Boyd Office No: K1.07A Phone No: (07)5456 5129 Email: sboyd@usc.edu.au Course outline
More informationWriting a case study: Ensuring a meaningful contribution to the literature
Australian Critical Care (2007) 20, 132 136 Writing a case study: Ensuring a meaningful contribution to the literature Leanne M. Aitken RN, PhD a,b,, Andrea P. Marshall RN, MN Res c a Research Centre for
More informationChapter Five: Respect for Human Rights in Joint Ventures Relationships
73 Chapter Five: Respect for Human Rights in Joint Ventures Relationships Overview Brief overview of joint ventures relationships Joint ventures (JVs) are formed when companies combine their resources
More informationMaster Level Competency Model
Change Manager Master Level Competency Model The Change Manager Master competency model sets an independent industry benchmark for SENIOR level change management practitioners. The model was launched in
More informationCourse outline. Code: SCS172 Title: Social Work and Human Services Practice
Course outline Code: SCS172 Title: Social Work and Human Services Practice Faculty of Arts and Business School of Social Sciences Teaching Session: Semester 2 Year: 2015 Course Coordinator: Christine Morley
More informationCase Study: Public Relations
Internationalisation of the Curriculum in Action Case Study: Public Relations This case study was developed as part of an Australian Learning and Teaching Council National Teaching Fellowship, Internationalisation
More informationBIMM Course Specification
Full title of the course & final award Mode of attendance BA (Hons) in Event Management Full-time Length of course This course is taught as a traditional three-year course at levels four, five and six,
More informationProfessional Outsourcing Report. Managing Shared Services. Independent editorial sponsored by:
Professional Outsourcing Report Managing Shared Services Independent editorial sponsored by: Principles of governance Whether they are in the public or private sectors, shared services demand good governance.
More informationTHE REALITY OF CLOUD COMPUTING HAS IT LIVED UP TO THE HYPE?
DATA CENTRE & CLOUD SERVICES WHITEPAPER THE REALITY OF CLOUD COMPUTING HAS IT LIVED UP TO THE HYPE? TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Introduction......................... 2 2. Key findings........................
More informationpm4dev, 2007 management for development series Introduction to Project Management PROJECT MANAGEMENT FOR DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATIONS
pm4dev, 2007 management for development series Introduction to Project Management PROJECT MANAGEMENT FOR DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATIONS PROJECT MANAGEMENT FOR DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATIONS A methodology to manage
More informationDealer Group or Financial Planning Group? A Brief Technical Note
Volume 5 Issue 2 Australasian Accounting Business and Finance Journal Australasian Accounting Business and Finance Journal 2011 Dealer Group or Financial Planning Group? A Brief Technical Note Lujer Santacruz
More informationThe "Alignment" Theory: Creating Strategic Fit
20 MANAGEMENT DECISION 29,1 T he organisation and its competitive situation should be viewed not as separate, interdependent entities but as just different influences in the same global environment. The
More informationThe Adoption of Benchmarking Principles for Project Management Performance Improvement.
The Adoption of Benchmarking Principles for Project Management Performance Improvement. Ifeoluwa Ajelabi and Yinshang Tang Informatics Research Centre, Henley Business School, University of Reading, United
More informationHow To Design A Project
Introduction to Procurement Why is procurement important? Client needs are unique and consequently each project meeting those needs has unique characteristics. This means that achieving the right project
More informationPROJECT MANAGEMENT TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES IN HIGH-TECH SMES IN IRELAND. Alan Murphy, Ann Ledwith
PROJECT MANAGEMENT TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES IN HIGH-TECH SMES IN IRELAND Alan Murphy, Ann Ledwith Department of Manufacturing and Operations Engineering University of Limerick Limerick Ireland Tel: 353 61
More informationModule C5 Longitudinal Data Analysis
Stream C Advanced Module C5 Analysis 2-6 November 2015, The University of Queensland, Brisbane This five-day intensive course has been specifically designed to deepen the specialist knowledge of your research
More informationIssue No: 2.0 First Published: Sept 1997 Current Version: May 2002. Table of Contents 1. INTRODUCTION...2 2. OBJECTIVES AND SCOPE OF GUIDELINE...
Department of Commerce Guidelines Change Management Guideline Issue No: 2.0 First Published: Sept 1997 Current Version: May 2002 Table of Contents 1. INTRODUCTION...2 2. OBJECTIVES AND SCOPE OF GUIDELINE...2
More informationBIMM Course Specification
Full title of the course & award BA (Hons) in Music Production Mode of attendance Full-time Length of course This course is taught as a three-year course at levels four, five and six. Start date Initial
More informationShare with a colleague. 27 June 2012 London. Contact. Graham More Partner +44 20 7466 2002. Susannah Cogman Partner +44 20 7466 2580
Page 1 of 5 Transparency International issues Anti-Bribery guidance on due diligence for Transactions Transparency International ("TI") has issued guidance for anti-bribery due diligence in mergers, acquisitions
More informationProcurement Strategy and Contract Selection
GUIDELINE Capital Works Management Framework Procurement Strategy and Contract Selection The suite of Capital Works Management Framework documents is available online www.hpw.qld.gov.au: The Capital Works
More informationEconomics, Law and Political Science
Corporate Performance Management - Tool for New Public Management JAN FUKA, PETRA LEŠÁKOVÁ Faculty of Economics and Administration University of Pardubice Studentská 95 CZECH REPUBLIC jan.fuka@upce.cz,
More informationMSc in Construction Management (Cycle 2, level 4)
(Cycle 2, level 4) is a 2 year full-time graduate study program of 120 ECTS credits (4 semesters, 30 ECTS each semester). Students generally take 90 ECTS in specialized courses and a 30 ECTS thesis. In
More informationConcept. Professional Development Programs, Succession Planning and Careers. Introduction. The Fluid Workforce. Professional Development Dilemmas
Concept Professional Development Programs, Succession Planning and Careers Introduction Organisations often struggle with implementing professional development programs. They fail to gain the benefits
More informationINTENSIVE TEACHING IN LAW SUBJECTS
INTENSIVE TEACHING IN LAW SUBJECTS Ian Ramsay* Abstract The use of intensive teaching is increasing in Australian law schools. For some Australian law schools, most of their masters subjects are now taught
More informationDIPLOMA PROGRAMS D I P L O M A S I N S P I R E A C H I E V E E N G A G E MANAGEMENT MARKETING INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS ACCOUNTING INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
D I P L O M A S DIPLOMA PROGRAMS MANAGEMENT MARKETING INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS ACCOUNTING INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY HOTEL MANAGEMENT/HOSPITALITY COMMERCIAL COOKERY I N S P I R E A C H I E V E E N G A G E WELCOME
More informationREDUCING PREJUDICE IN CHILDREN -EXTENDED REPORT
1 REDUCING PREJUDICE IN CHILDREN -EXTENDED REPORT Research Conducted: March 2001 March 2005 Researcher directors: Dr Adam Rutland Professor Rupert Brown Principal Researcher: Lindsey Cameron Funded by:
More informationWATER AND SEWERAGE FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT PLANNING
WATER AND SEWERAGE FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT PLANNING ABSTRACT Chris Adam, Cardno MBK (Qld) Pty Ltd In recent years, the utilities industries have been subject to far greater commercial scrutiny than ever before.
More informationExecutive Summary. Process or Communicate? Agency or Direct? Efficiency or Effectiveness?
01-01 02-02 03-03 04-04 05-07 08-10 11-15 16-17 18-18 Introduction Background Methodology Executive Summary Demographics Process or Communicate? Agency or Direct? Efficiency or Effectiveness? Summary CANDIDATE
More informationEducational simulation in construction project risk management Setting the stage
Creative Construction Conference 2015 Educational simulation in construction project risk management Setting the stage Constanta-Nicoleta Bodea a), Augustin Purnus b) * a) Bucharest University of Economic
More informationBest Practices in Project Management
Best Practices in Project Management Liviu ILIEŞ Babeş-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania E-mail: liviu.ilies@econ.ubbcluj.ro Tel: +04 0264 418655 Emil CRIŞAN Babeş-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca,
More informationThe psychological contract
http://www.cipd.co.uk/subjects/empreltns/psycntrct/psycontr.htm?wa_src=email&wa_pub=cipd&wa_crt=feature3_main_none&wa_cm p=cipdupdate_160610 The psychological contract Employee relations Revised May 2010
More informationINQUIRY ON THE PUBLIC SERVICE OMBUDSMAN FOR WALES Dr Richard Kirkham, School of Law, University of Sheffield 20 March 2015 Some introductory comments
INQUIRY ON THE PUBLIC SERVICE OMBUDSMAN FOR WALES Dr Richard Kirkham, School of Law, University of Sheffield 20 March 2015 Some introductory comments 1. As well as writing extensively on the Ombudsman,
More informationThe Open University s repository of research publications and other research outputs
Open Research Online The Open University s repository of research publications and other research outputs Practice educators in the United Kingdom: A national job description Journal Article How to cite:
More informationDiversity means Business
Diversity means Business Stockholm, June 2010 1. Why Diversity within Diversity leads to better performance (annual report ) Diversity is about quality not capacity Diversity is a business issue, it is
More informationThe Role of Rewards and Recognition in Customer-oriented Citizenship Behaviors
The Role of Rewards and Recognition in Customer-oriented Citizenship Behaviors Scott A. Jeffrey Monmouth University Guillermo Wilches-Alzate University of Waterloo January 6, 2009 1 Introduction Customer
More informationDeveloping Greater Professionalism in GIS Project Management
Bill Haaker Senior Project Manager ASI Technologies 1935 Jamboree Drive Colorado Springs, CO 80920 Developing Greater Professionalism in GIS Project Management Introduction Project management is widely
More informationPerspectives on the knowledge-based society
Perspectives on the knowledge-based society Interviews about Netherlands as knowledge land Editor: Inge Wichard In association with: Vincent Delemarre and Gerda Sulman (editor) Introduction The knowledge-based
More informationCertificate IV in Frontline Management
MARCH 2011 Certificate IV in Frontline Management Ai Group is pleased to provide you with information regarding the Certificate IV in Frontline Management - BSB40807. BENEFITS OF TRAINING Effective training
More informationATHENA PROJECT. Case Study No 9 UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD SWAN BRONZE AWARD MARCH 2006
ATHENA PROJECT Case Study No 9 UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD SWAN BRONZE AWARD MARCH 2006 The University of Oxford, a founder member of the Athena SWAN Charter, was awarded Bronze SWAN recognition in March 2006.
More informationRESPONSE TO THE NSW HEALTH AND MEDICAL RESEARCH STRATEGIC REVIEW DISCUSSION PAPER, 31 OCTOBER 2011
16 November 2011 Mr Peter Wills AC Chair NSW Health and Medical Research Strategic Review Population Health Division NSW Department of Health Email to: omr@doh.health.nsw.gov.au Dear Mr Wills RESPONSE
More informationTHE NEED FOR PROFESSIONAL ACCOUNTING EDUCATION. John C. Burton Chief Accountant Securities and Exchange Commission
THE NEED FOR PROFESSIONAL ACCOUNTING EDUCATION by John C. Burton Chief Accountant Securities and Exchange Commission The University of Texas at Austin College of Business Administration February 28, 1974
More informationShropshire Highways Draft Asset Management and Communications Strategy and Implications of Department for Transport Incentivised funding
Committee and Date Cabinet 14 th October 2015 Shropshire Highways Draft Asset Management and Communications Strategy and Implications of Department for Transport Incentivised funding Responsible Officer
More information