Short tour around Hops
|
|
- Agnes Jackson
- 8 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Short tour around Hops with HVG & AGRARIA Carlos Ruiz Wolnzach, June 2015
2 Content Hops in Beer and as a result Motto and Vision of HVG Main Hop Varieties in Germany Hop Products of HVG and Quality Chain from Hops to Hop Products 2
3 Hops in Beer 3 important groups of substances Bitter substances Aroma compounds Polyphenols 3
4 Quotations from the Hop Book At one extreme, hops are simply employed to add bitterness, but at the other, hop varieties are utilized in a number of ways to impart mouthfeel and aroma to beer. Even using the same technology, the sensory results obtained by different research groups will by no means be identical. The authors realized that there are no clear and simple rules pertaining to the process of hopping beer. Depending on the hopping technique, the amount of hops remaining in beer ranges from only few mg of iso-alpha-acids per liter to circa 100 mg per liter of various bitter substances and polyphenols along with more than 100 µg per liter of aroma compounds. 4
5 (mg/l) Two commercial Beers (aprox. 20 Bitter Units) iso-extract 300g/hl aroma hops IAS nias AS PP Others = Iso- α-acids = non-iso-α-acids bitter substances = Aroma Substances = Polyphenols = Glycosides, Proteins, 0 IAS nias AS PP Others 5
6 Our Motto There are thus far no known hop compounds with a negative influence on beer quality if one excludes environmental contaminants like pesticides, nitrates and metals. Consequently it would not be necessary to eleminate any hop compounds with respect to the quality of the beer from a sensory standpoint. 6
7 Hops in Beer Hops can. generate bitterness through iso-α-acids (IAA) define quality of bitterness through non-iso-α-acid-bittersubstances (niaa) create a diversity of hop aromatic impressions through aroma components create taste: palatefullness, mouthfeel, drinkability and harmony through water-soluble substances like polyphenols, glycosides improve foam improve flavour stability 7
8 Overview of sensoric Effects of Bitter Compounds Accompanying (NIAA) bitter substances show a pleasant bitterness; β:α is an interesting indicator Polyphenolic bitter substances (Hard Resins, others) show a very pleasant bitterness Low cohumulon ratio is positive for quality of bitterness, foam and flavour stability α-acids are positive for foam and flavour stability These effects become more evident by dosing of aroma hops in later hop additions 8
9 Hop Aroma in Beer Estimation of the world beer market Not desired: more than 60% Indirectly desired: 20-30% (this ratio increases; search for innovative flavour impressions from hops) Directly desired: less than 10% (this ratio increases; scene of craft brewers) 9
10 Differentiation of Hop Aroma in Beer Kettle hop flavour : Late hop aroma : Dry hop aroma : beginning of boil (BB), seldom perceptible end of boil (EB) or whirpool (WP); goal is a perceptible hopnote ( Hopfenblume ) Dry-hopping into the cold beer, hop aroma is linked to a specific variety 10
11 Descriptors of Hop Aroma There exist different proposals, f.i. Beer aroma wheel, many examples Descriptors according properties like flowery, fruity, citrussy, hoppy, herbal, woody Descriptors according comparison like: Apple, Orange, Grapefruit, Vanilla, Melon, Lemon, Mandarin, Ananas, Passion Fruit, No uniform understanding of different panels 11
12 What are Polyphenols (PP)? Secondary Metabolites like bitter and aroma components ~ 5000 known in the world of plants, many of them have a positive reputation (health benefits) as e.g. antioxidants and radical scavengers 12
13 Hop Polyphenols and Beer Taste Prejudice: - PP are responsible for a tannic bitterness >50 years ago: - Hops stored in air resulted in oxidized and polymerized PP - Longer boiling time (>120 min.) with contact to oxygen Today: - Hops are stored in cold warehouses - Hops and pellets are packed inert - Boiling time < 60 min without air/oxygen - Hop PP are dosed in fresh form to the beer Positive influence on beer flavour 13
14 Palatefullness 14
15 Main variable Parameters for Hopping Hop varieties (n > 100) Growing conditions Country, region Harvest time (colour, max α, max oil?) Handling of cone hops (temperature, density, oxygen?) Hop product Whole hops (inert packaging!) Pellets / Extract Advanced Products (Iso, Aroma) Criteria and quantity of dosage (weight, α, oil, Linalool, PP, others) Time of addition (BB, MB, EB, WP, Dry Hopping ) 15
16 number Thoughts on Hop Varieties The later the hop dosage, the less alternatives concerning the selection of possible hop varieties Begin of boil Middle of boil End of boil /WP Dry hopping time Think of alternatives or use a blend of 2 or even more varieties. The ratio may vary according to crop results. 16
17 Our Vision Make use of hops in its natural form! 17
18 Hop Varieties Official groups: aroma & bitter Defining aroma and bitter varieties No clear differentiation possible according chemical composition More oriented on application; bitter hops provide beer bitterness; aroma hops fulfill additionally other purposes Expectations: bitter hops > 10% α, strong aroma; aroma hops < 10% α, mild aroma, high polyphenol content 18
19 Additional (inofficial) groups Dual-purpose hops (f.i. Chinook, Centennial) Noble (aroma) hops = land races (f.i. Tettnang, Spalt, Hersbruck, Hallertau Mittelfrueh, Saaz) Hops with special flavor = special flavor hops = flavor hops = hops with unique flavor mainly used for dry hopping 19
20 Characterisation of hop varieties Agronomic characteristics: yield, resitance to deseases Chemical compounds (examples): α-acids, β:α, cohumulone-ratio, polyphenols, polyphenols:α, total oil, total oil:α, linalool, linalool:α 20
21 German Noble Aroma Hops Dimension Spalt Tettnang Hall. Mfr. Hersbruck Average α-acids %w/w β:α Cohumulone %rel Polyphenols %w/w Polyphenols:α Total oil ml/100g Total oil:α ml/g Linalool mg/100g Linalool:α mg/g
22 German Aroma Hops bred in Huell Dim. Perle Tradition Select Saphir Opal Smaragd Averg. α-acids %w/w β:α Cohumulone %rel Polyphenols %w/w Polyphenols:α Total oil ml/100g Total oil:α ml/g Linalool mg/100g Linalool:α mg/g
23 German Bitter Hops Dimension North. Brew. Magnum Taurus Herkules Average α-acids %w/w β:α Cohumulone %rel Polyphenols %w/w Polyphenols:α Total oil ml/100g Total oil:α ml/g Linalool mg/100g Linalool:α mg/g
24 Averages Dimension Noble Aroma Aroma Bitter α-acids %w/w β:α Cohumulone %rel Polyphenols %w/w Polyphenols:α Total oil ml/100g Total oil:α ml/g Linalool mg/100g Linalool:α mg/g
25 German Special Flavor Hops Dimension H. Cascade Blanc Melon Mandarina Polaris α-acids %w/w β:α Cohumulone %rel Polyphenols %w/w Polyphenols:α Total oil ml/100g Total oil:α ml/g Linalool mg/100g Linalool:α mg/g
26 Selected Aroma Substances mg/100g Hall. Mfr. Saphir H. Cascade Melon Mandarin a Blanc Polaris Myrcene ,248 β- Caryophyllene Humulene α- + β-selinene Linalool Geraniol Geranylacetate Sum of 9 Esters
27 Hop Dosing Regime (yield in %rel.) α-acids Polyphenols Esters/Alc. Terpenes Begin of boil Middle of boil End of boil <2 Whirpool <2 Dry hopping 5 up to 50 up to 100 up to 5 BB Bitter hops Bitterness MB Aroma hops Palatefullness EB/WP Aroma hops Palatefullness + flavor Dry Aroma/flavor hops individual flavor 27
28 28
29 Conventional Hop Products Problems with whole hops Logistic Heterogenity Stability Automatic dosing Yields Wort clarification Conventional hop products should overcome the disadvantages of whole hops without chemical changes of substances by gentle processes. 29
30 Whole Hops In bales: oxygen is present! In gas-tight foil bags: inert like pellets HVG produces Vakupacks= whole hops pressed (500kg/m 3 ): packed in foils under vacuum; lupulin glands are crushed (better extraction of hop oil) 30
31 Pellets Regular pellets= Type 90; yield approx kg pellets from 100 kg hops; identical with hops Enriched pellets= type 45; yield approx kg pellets from 100 kg hops; alpha and oil enriched up to a double of hops 31
32 Flow Chart of normal Hop Pellets 32
33 Background of enriched Pellets Seperation of lupulin glands from leafs (waste) Grinding and seaving are only possible with hard lupulin glands The liquid phase of resin and oil in the lupulin must be hard, which needs temperatures below -20 C 33
34 Lupulin Glands 34
35 Flow Chart of enriched Pellets 35
36 Comparison of normal and enriched Pellets (values in %rel. to amounts of whole hops) 36
37 Sensitive Steps during the Pellet Production Product Temperature Exposure Time Kilning < 60 C < 30 min Grinding < 20 C few seconds Sieving for Type 45 < -30 C - Mixing powder < 20 C < 120 min Pelletiziation < 55 C few seconds Pellet cooling < 18 C < 20 min
38 Packing in Foils Oxygen-diffusion of the foil material: < 0.5 ml/m² * 24h * 1bar More than 95% of all packed foils less than 1% v/v Oxygen 38
39 Carbon Dioxide Extraction 39
40 Flow Chart of a supercritical CO 2 -Extraction 40
41 Hop Oil Production 41
42 42
43 The Quality Chain from Hops to Hop Products Definition of Quality Chain : All processes from hops untill dosage in the brew house are parts of the quality chain Goal of an optimal quality chain is the best possible identity of all components between the harvest at hop and ist dosage in form of a hop product
44 Can Hops be a Risk for Health? Components Deterioration Contamination with - Plant protection substances - Heavy metals - Mycotoxines - Microbiology?
45 Definition of "Quality" Definition is being done normally according to Variety and Growing area Definition in this case: "Quality defines the degree of deterioration of the hop components from the harvest until the dosing into the wort."
46 Quality = Freshness Analytical indices such as alpha degradation or Hop Storage Index (HSI) describe only partial aspects. All important hop components suffer through deterioration Bitter substances Aroma substances Polyphenols
47 Hop Quality according to the Deterioration vs. freshly harvested Hops Category of Loss of Alpha-acids Hop Storage Freshness / Ageing in % rel. Index Fresh 0 to 10 < 0.32 Slightly deteriorated 11 to to 0.40 Deteriorated 21 to to 0.50 Strongly deteriorated 31 to to 0.60 Overaged > 40 > 0.61
48 Steps of a "Quality Chain" with conventional Hop Products Hop harvest with picking, drying, conditioning, baling Storage in form of cone hops Processing to hop products Storage of hop products Transport to the brewery Storage and dosing in the brewery
49 Drying of Hops What is the "right drying temperature"? Common understanding today: T max = 63 C Enzymatic reactions of polyphenols are unclear new findings may result in new rules
50 Conditioning of Hops Goal is the homogenisation of the moisture within the cones. 2-3 hours conditioning with circulating air Afterwards blending of outside and inside air according to desired water content Air temperature of approx. 18 C
51 Correlation of Humidity in the Air and the Moisture of Hops Desired Moisture Weight - % Air Humidity % relative
52 Packing of Hops Goal: Optimal logistics with minimal damaging of the lupulin membrane Better storage stability through limited oxidation protection of the lupulin membrane Requirement for lupulin enriched pellets (Type 45) are intact lupulin glands
53 Lupulin Glands from Bales 139 kg/m kg/m 3
54 Hop Storage Trials 12 varieties were stored in 3 types of storage: - Moderate storage ( 5 to 30 C) - Good storage ( 5 to 20 C) - Cold storage ( 1 to 5 C)
55 Summary of Storage Tests Average changes after three month in % relative Moderate Good Cold Storage Storage Storage Decrease of alpha EBC 7.7 Increase of HSI ASBC
56 Consequences Cold storage of hops soonest possible after the crop Optimal systems for an economical storage
57 Improvement of Hop Products Logistic Homogeneity Stability Dosing in the brew house Hop production means to overcome the disadvantages of cone hops without damaging components.
58 Sensitive Steps during the Pellet Production Product Temperature Exposure Time Kilning < 60 C < 30 min Grinding < 20 C few seconds Sieving for Type 45 < -30 C - Mixing powder < 20 C < 120 min Pelletiziation < 55 C few seconds Pellet cooling < 18 C < 20 min
59 Physical Characteristics of Pellet Foils Quality criterion Method Example for Limits Diffusion of oxygen DIN <0.5 ml/m 2 /24 h/1 bar Stability of weld seam DIN > 20 Newton Penetration resistance DIN > 300 Newton O 2 in foils several < 0.5 vol-% O 2
60 Physical Characteristics of Cartons Quality criterion Method Example for Limits Stackability test EN-DIN 3037 > 17 kn/m Penetration test DIN > 18 Joule
61 Proposed Storage Temperature for Hops and Hop Products Intended storage time 1 year 3 years 5 years Whole hops 0 C - 20 C not practicable Pellets 10 to 15 C 5 C 0 C Extracts < 20 C 10 C 5 C
62 Temperature in a Container "winter normal"
63 Temperature in a Container "on deck" C date
64 Temperature in a Container "harbour" C : : : : : : :07 date
65 Temperature in a Container "disastrous" C date
66 Consequences during Pellet Transport With an intact foil only inert reactions occur; Alpha-losses 2-15 % relative; unpleasant aroma substances will be formed Formation of gas pressure increases foil gets a hole Gas escapes and air penetrates Oxidation up to total loss Timing of shipment (winter months) or preferably the use of reefer containers
67 CONCLUSIONS Damaging potential of alpha-acids (% rel.) Pellets Extracts conditions conditions Good Moderate Good Moderate Kilning + conditioning 3 to to 5 10 Storage of whole Hops 3 to to 8 30 Production* 0 to to 2 5 Storage for 1 year 3 to to 2 3 Overseas shipment Total 11 to to * Alpha-losses in form of yield not taken into consideration
68 Think of strategic Stocks You as a brewer have developed a beer with a special recipe and defined hops. In a short crop, these hops are very expensive or not even available. Properly packed hops or pellets (O 2 -free) stored at approx. 0 C keep quality for several years. Be more independent of bad (and expensive) crops, especially in the case of aroma hops with special character. A product, some years old, produced from a good crop is better than a product of a current bad crop. A simple rule: good crops in quantity are normally combined with high quality and often with low spot prices for some varieties. 68
69 Summary (1) "Quality" is the degree of freshness independent of the growing area and the hop variety. A degradation of bitter acids, aroma components and polyphenols from the time of harvest to the point of hop addition to the kettle is defined as ageing. There are analytical methods (ageing indicators like HSI), but further research is necessary.
70 Summary (2) "Quality chain" comprises all processes from harvest to the dosage into the wort. Farmer, Processor and Brewer are partners in the quality chain. They are responsible to prevent damages of hop components.
71 Thank you for your attention! 71
Discovering Hops, February 24 th 2007
Discovering Hops, February 24 th 2007 The compounds in hops that are responsible for bitterness in beer are the alpha acids. They are humulone, cohumulone and adhumulone. All three are bitter, and occur
More informationHOPS 1. History, or; At The Hop
HOPS Hops have been brewers' allies since the first century, and it would be difficult to list all the beers, not to mention entire beer styles, that have been rescued from blandness by a well-defined
More informationWet hopped or Fresh Hopped
Green gold! Wet hopped or Fresh Hopped beers are a wonderful and very difficult to get beer. They are usually brewed close to hop growing areas mainly in the Pacific northwest USA, this is because hops
More informationThe Ultimate Hop Chart
The Ultimate Hop Chart Name Alpha Acid % Typical Beer Styles Possible Substitutions Flavor Description Admiral 13.5% to 16% Ale U.K. Target, U.K. Northdown, U.K. Challenger bittering potential. Ahtanum
More informationBeer Styles for the Novice Your Brew Day Sanitation
Concepts for Novice Brewers Curtis Eulberg 4/2013 Beer Beer is a fermented beverage made most commonly from water, malted barley, hops, and yeast. These items when skillfully combined with proper time
More informationOrange Fruit Processing
Orange Fruit Processing Luis Cisneros-Zevallos, Ph.D. Department of Horticultural Sciences Texas A&M University Commercially Important Orange Varieties Valencia - most widely grown, late maturing, good
More informationThe grapes were harvested at full technological maturity and processed according to white wines production protocol. The must obtained from
ABSTRACT Key words: pre-fermentative treatments, oxalic acid, activated carbon, papain. Currently, winemaking has the necessary technologies, oenological practices and products that enable the development
More informationCreated by: Beata Boguszewska ... Arrangements made by: 1. Hanna Laskowska. 2. Tadeusz Głos. I approve for applying From 05-03-2015.
1. The scope of TS 2. The application of the scope of TS 3. Division and designation 4. Requirements and research 4.1. General requirements 4.1.1. Antiknock additives 4.1.2. Dyeing additives 4.1.3. Antioxidant
More informationProvided by Quality Wine and Ale Supply with permission from White Labs Recipes Pilsner & Lager Categories
Amigo Mexican Lager Recipe supplied by: Kirk McHale, Brewer, Pizza Port Brewing Co, Carlsbad, CA Homebrew Recipe, makes 5 gallons (19L) All Grain Version 3.4 lb Great Western 2-row malt 2 lb Great Western
More informationOlive polyphenols (encapsulated in maltodextrin) derive from olive fruits by physical treatments only.
Fast-fermented dry sausage without chemical additives/preservatives enriched with natural extracts of antioxidant and antimicrobial olive polyphenols Brief Presentation of the Product This is a research
More informationBeer Stabilization Technology - clearly a matter of choice. International Specialty Products 1361 Alps Road Wayne, NJ 07470 U.S.A.
Beer Stabilization Technology - clearly a matter of choice Mustafa Rehmanji, Chandra Gopal and Andrew Mola International Specialty Products 1361 Alps Road Wayne, NJ 07470 U.S.A. Scope of Presentation Mechanism
More informationHow To Use Lactose In Confectionery
Importance of whey ingredients in confectionery products Andréa Pernot-Barry Technical Director ZDS Central College of the German Confectionery Industry Whey ingredients in confectionery Lactose Whey powder
More informationPublic Catalog. Table of contents: Brewer s Best. Racking & Bottling. Page 1
Public Catalog Table of contents: Brewer s Best Malt Extracts Yeast & Hops Wine Labels Racking & Bottling Equipment Chemicals Books Miscellaneous Page 1 Brewer s Best Equipment kits / Ingredient kits /
More informationNecessary equipment. - Food grade fermenter or bucket with airtight lid - Airlock - Syphon tube - Bottles or a pressure barrel (keg) with S30 valve
Necessary equipment - Food grade fermenter or bucket with airtight lid - Airlock - Syphon tube - Bottles or a pressure barrel (keg) with S30 valve A fermenter/bucket with lots of headspace is best, 27L
More informationBelgian Strong Ale by Arlyn Johns
Style of the Quarter Belgian Strong Ale by Arlyn Johns» I take more of a traditionalist approach to producing these styles.» Mastering these techniques are a great foundation for experimentation.» You
More informationFoam Injection Molding:
Foam Injection Molding: Unique Process Solutions for Light Weighting Automotive Plastic Parts Steve Braig President & CEO Trexel, Inc. AGENDA Technology Overview > Chemical Foaming > Physical Foaming Foamed
More informationA discussion of condensate removal systems for clarifier and thickener drives for water and wastewater facilities.
A discussion of condensate removal systems for clarifier and thickener drives for water and wastewater facilities. Richard L. Dornfeld, BSME, P.E. Staff Engineer September 25, 2014 Moisture can be a problem
More informationPall in the Brewery (more value per hectolitre) DE Free Clarification FB1795
Pall in the Brewery (more value per hectolitre) DE Free Clarification FB1795 The Pall World Pall Corporation is a world leader in the design, production and supply of filters, membranes and systems for
More informationPhysical & Chemical Properties. Properties
Physical & Chemical Properties Properties Carbon black can be broadly defined as very fine particulate aggregates of carbon possessing an amorphous quasi-graphitic molecular structure. The most significant
More informationABCs OF WINE TASTING Worksheet
Class 1: Module 1 1. The winemaking equation is: Grapes + Yeast = A. (The first letter of the answer is provided) 2. As grapes ripen on the vine, the amount of sugar contained in each berry increases /
More informationA.17. OXIDIZING PROPERTIES (SOLIDS)
A.17. OXIDIZING PROPERTIES (SOLIDS) 1. METHOD 1.1. INTRODUCTION It is useful to have preliminary information on any potentially explosive properties of the substance before performing this test. This test
More informationMonitoring the beer quality during long distance transport
Monitoring the beer quality during long distance transport Dipl.-Ing. Ingo Pankoke Research institut for management and beverage logistics of VLB Berlin Agenda: Why gets transport a problem? Factors of
More informationA Look at Accelerated Photostability Testing for Packaged Food and Drinks
A Look at Accelerated Photostability Testing for Packaged Food and Drinks By Dr. Oliver Rahäuser and Dr. Artur Schönlein Atlas Material Testing Technology GmbH Vogelsbergstr. 22, 63589 Linsengericht-Altenhaßlau,
More informationBrewing Beer efficient and sustainable technologies in regard to energy and raw material input
Brewing Beer efficient and sustainable technologies in regard to energy and raw material input ERSCP workshop, Bregenz, 3 May 2012 Dr. Ludwig Scheller, Dr. Rudolf Michel Huppmann Tuchenhagen Agenda Efficient
More informationAN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF
AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF Annette N. Fritsch for the degree of Master of Science in Food Science and Technology, presented on January 4, 2007. Title: Hop Bittering Compounds and Their Impact on Peak
More informationvolume iii : the brewing process BREWING iii.33
volume iii : the brewing process BREWING iii.33 beer : a reference guide BREWING iii.34 volume iii : the brewing process THE PROCESS IN BRIEF Brewing truly represents a marriage of art and science. It
More informationJANUARY 2009 YERBA MATÉ HAS A HIGH LEVEL OF ANTIOXIDANTS
JANUARY 2009 YERBA MATÉ HAS A HIGH LEVEL OF ANTIOXIDANTS A recent study financed by the Instituto Nacional de la Yerba Mate (Yerba Maté National Institute, INYM) revealed that yerba maté infusions are
More informationMS DATA ANALYSIS EXAM INSTRUCTIONS
MS DATA ANALYSIS EXAM INSTRUCTIONS Please Read Carefully This exam consists of one question. Please read all the background material and the description of your task before you start your analyses. You
More informationReport on comparative analysis of wines
Report on comparative analysis of wines sealed with and alternate closures Preciosa GS, a. s. and University of Geisenheim Enology and Wine Technology Department November 2011 During May 2006, three different
More informationTechnical Bulletin 1601. A New Efficient Talc for Olive Oil Extraction
Technical Bulletin 1601 A New Efficient Talc for Olive Oil Extraction _NEU_TB1601_07_all_Klapper_161001 1 17.10.2007 9:23:16 Uhr Contents Summary 2 Introduction 3 Materials and methods 3 Results 4 Conclusions
More informationsteinecker Stromboli wort boiling system Perfect in every brewing process
wort boiling system Perfect in every brewing process Perfect for wort quality and saving resources Wort boiling is a fundamental step in the production of premium-quality beer. A stable head on the beer
More informationChapter Test B. Chapter: Measurements and Calculations
Assessment Chapter Test B Chapter: Measurements and Calculations PART I In the space provided, write the letter of the term or phrase that best completes each statement or best answers each question. 1.
More informationThe General Certificate in Packaging (GCP)
1 The General Certificate in Packaging (GCP) Examination Syllabus (May 2011) This document details the course of study necessary to prepare for the examination for the GCP (Can, Keg, NRB and RB options).
More informationBasic Properties and Application of Auto Enamels
Basic Properties and Application of Auto Enamels Composition of Ceramic Automotive Glass Enamels Ceramic automotive glass colours are glass enamels that fire on to the glass during the bending process
More informationGEA HB Craft Brew Series. Plug & Brew Centrifuges for Small and Mid-sized Breweries. engineering for a better world
GEA HB Craft Brew Series Plug & Brew Centrifuges for Small and Mid-sized Breweries engineering for a better world gea.com 2 No Limits for New Beers There has never been a better time for making beers.
More informationEC 691 January 1996 HACCP AND MICROBREWERIES PRACTICAL GUIDELINES OF FOOD SAFETY FOR MICROBREWERIES, BREWPUBS AND THE BEER INDUSTRY
EC 691 January 1996 HACCP AND MICROBREWERIES PRACTICAL GUIDELINES OF FOOD SAFETY FOR MICROBREWERIES, BREWPUBS AND THE BEER INDUSTRY TABLE OF CONTENTS I. Purpose of this publication... 3 II. Introduction...
More informationPhysical and Chemical Property Changes of Coffee Beans during Roasting
American Journal of Chemistry 2015, 5(3A): 56-60 DOI: 10.5923/c.chemistry.201501.09 Physical and Chemical Property Changes of Coffee Beans during Roasting A. M. Fareez Edzuan *, A. M. Noor Aliah, H. L.
More informationAdvantages and Disadvantages of Low VOC Vegetable Based Metalworking Fluids
Advantages and Disadvantages of Low VOC Vegetable Based Metalworking Fluids John Burke, CMFS STLE Fellow Global Director of Engineering Services Alan Cross, Senior Project Engineer Houghton International
More informationBrewery Wastewater: 2010 Water and Wastewater Conference. 11.02.2011 Page 1
Brewery Wastewater: Solutions for the Problem By Fred M. Scheer 2010 Water and Wastewater Conference Madison, WI 11.02.2011 Page 1 vr74 What We Will Discuss: Biochemical i Oxygen Demand (BOD): Where does
More informationSafety Data Sheet Primasol Deaerator NF (Primasol NF) Revision date : 2012/01/14 Page: 1/6
Revision date : 2012/01/14 Page: 1/6 1. Product and Company Identification Company BASF Canada Inc. 100 Milverton Drive Mississauga, ON L5R 4H1, CANADA 24 Hour Emergency Response Information CANUTEC (reverse
More informationPharmatec GmbH. Packaging Technology. Pharmatec GmbH
Packaging Technology 1 Expert s Congress 13.-14.09.2007 Pure Steam for Pharmaceutical Sterilizers Albrecht Voigt / 2 Steam for Pharmaceutical Application Content: Classification of steam Characteristic
More informationGlobal Trends in Malting Barley, Malt and Beer. Peter Watts Managing Director Canadian Malting Barley Technical Centre January 12, 2016
Global Trends in Malting Barley, Malt and Beer Crop Sphere 2016 Peter Watts Managing Director Canadian Malting Barley Technical Centre January 12, 2016 Premier Global Malt Barley Supplier Canada is one
More informationUltrasonic cleaning technology and cleaning chemicals
Ultrasonics.Steam.Ultraclean. Medicine Dental Hygiene Ultrasonic cleaning technology and cleaning chemicals Developed for and matched to the requirements in the dental sector www.elma-ultrasonic.com Elmasonic
More informationFortified Refined Sunflower Oil -SUNFLOWER OIL-
Specification reference: Sunflower Oil Version: 2.0 Date of issue: 20 th May 2011 Fortified Refined Sunflower Oil -SUNFLOWER OIL- 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Product type Sunflower Oil is derived from the dried
More informationThe effect of cold chain on mushroom quality. Dr John Collier Monaghan Mushrooms
The effect of cold chain on mushroom quality Dr John Collier Monaghan Mushrooms Introduction Characteristics of mushrooms Importance of cold chain Typical cold chain scenarios What is the best scenario
More informationEXAMPLE EXERCISE 4.1 Change of Physical State
EXAMPLE EXERCISE 4.1 Change of Physical State State the term that applies to each of the following changes of physical state: (a) Snow changes from a solid to a liquid. (b) Gasoline changes from a liquid
More informationFAO SPECIFICATIONS FOR PLANT PROTECTION PRODUCTS FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS
FAO SPECIFICATIONS FOR PLANT PROTECTION PRODUCTS AGP:CP/313 METAMITRON FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Rome, 1994 Group on Pesticide Specifications FAO Panel of Experts on Pesticide
More informationFAO SPECIFICATIONS FAO PLANT PROTECTION PRODUCTS. THIRAM tetramethylthiuram disulphide
AGP: CP/82 FAO SPECIFICATIONS FAO PLANT PROTECTION PRODUCTS THIRAM tetramethylthiuram disulphide FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Rome, 1979 DISCLAIMER 1 FAO specifications are developed
More informationSome Criteria for Choosing a Steam Boiler for a Microbrewery
Some Criteria for Choosing a Steam Boiler for a Microbrewery Jack Coe Rite Engineering and Manufacturing Corporation Breweries rely on steam heating for a number of functions, primarily to heat the brew
More information7 Answers to end-of-chapter questions
7 Answers to end-of-chapter questions Multiple choice questions 1 B 2 B 3 A 4 B 5 A 6 D 7 C 8 C 9 B 10 B Structured questions 11 a i Maintenance of a constant internal environment within set limits i Concentration
More informationph Alkalinity of Water
ph Alkalinity of Water DOC316.52.93085 Based on ISO standard 9963-1:1994 ph-metric Titration 0.4 to 20 mmol/l of Total Alkalinity 1. Introduction Alkalinity of water is its acid-neutralizing capacity.
More informationAutomotive Base Oil Presentation
Automotive Base Oil Presentation What is a Base Oil? The refined petroleum mineral or synthetic material that is produced by a refinery to a required set of specifications. A lubricant s quality can depend
More informationIntergovernmental Group- on Tea 10 th Session New Dehli, 12-14 May 2010
ISO Standards for Tea Intergovernmental Group- on Tea 10 th Session New Dehli, 12-14 May 2010 Andrew Scott, Chairman ISO TC/34 SC 8 Tea 1 2 Tea Over 3 million tonnes produced In over 30 countries Providing
More informationThe Effect of Adding Whole Flaxseed to Chocolate Boxed Cake Mixes. Laura Searfoss F&N 453 November 19, 2007
The Effect of Adding Whole Flaxseed to Chocolate Boxed Cake Mixes Laura Searfoss F&N 453 November 19, 2007 Abstract Flaxseed is emerging in the food industry as a source of many health benefits such as
More informationNu G Medical Waste System Technology (Pyrolysis / Thermal Decomposition)
Product Description: Nu G Medical Waste System Technology (Pyrolysis / Thermal Decomposition) The NU G System uses pyrolysis thermal decomposition to treat infectious wastes typically generated in hospitals.
More informationRoller bearing life. The Reaction of AISI 52100 Bearing Steel to Heat
Roller bearing life in high temperatures A common question maintenance personnel ask bearing companies when their equipment temperature is high or rises is, What is the maximum temperature that your rolling
More informationCONTROLLING MICROBIAL GROWTH IN WINE
CONTROLLING MICROBIAL GROWTH IN WINE Learning Outcome. This chapter reviews the many practical features of importance involved in understanding wine microbiology. The student will gain an understanding
More informationQuality Advantages of Food Grade Soybeans from the Upper Midwest: storage perspective. Sam K. C. Chang. Ph.D., Professor; IFT Fellow
Quality Advantages of Food Grade Soybeans from the Upper Midwest: storage perspective Sam K. C. Chang Ph.D., Professor; IFT Fellow Department of Cereal and Food Sciences North Dakota State University Fargo,
More informationFrequently Asked Questions
Frequently Asked Questions General Product 1. What is this product? Nutrilite Slimmetry dietary supplement offers a way to supplement the diet with caffeine-free green tea extract that is designed to help
More informationION EXCHANGE FOR DUMMIES. An introduction
ION EXCHANGE FOR DUMMIES An introduction Water Water is a liquid. Water is made of water molecules (formula H 2 O). All natural waters contain some foreign substances, usually in small amounts. The water
More informationMaterial Safety Data Sheet according to Regulation (EC) No. 1907/2006 (REACH) 1 Identification of the substance/mixture and of the company/undertaking
Page 1 of 5 1 Identification of the substance/mixture and of the company/undertaking Informations to product No. g143 Product name: Liquor carbonis detergens Steinkohlenteerlösung Coal tar solution Supplier
More informationRELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TOTAL POLYPHENOLS AND COLOUR VALUES OF WORT AND BEER
Tome V (year 27), Fascicole 1, (ISSN 1584 2665) RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TOTAL POLYPHENOLS AND COLOUR VALUES OF WORT AND BEER Zorica HODŽIĆ, Albina KARAHMETOVIĆ, Mirzeta SALETOVIĆ, Almir ŠESTAN UNIVERSITY
More informationFIVE SIMPLE STEPS TO BREWING GREAT COFFEE
FIVE SIMPLE STEPS TO BREWING GREAT COFFEE INCREASE PROFITS IN YOUR COFFEE PROGRAM You ll find it always pays to have the best coffee and the best coffee equipment. Use this chart to find the BUNN coffee
More informationSyllabus M.Tech. Food Technology DSC- FT- 1 A: FUNDAMENTALS OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY PART I
Syllabus M.Tech. Food Technology DSC- FT- 1 A: FUNDAMENTALS OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY PART I Unit 1 Introduction to Food Science and Technology Definition, scope and current trends in food science
More information2009 2010 Feasibility and Market Research Study For Commercial Hop Production in New England. September 30, 2010
2009 2010 Feasibility and Market Research Study For Commercial Hop Production in New England September 30, 2010 Four Star Farms hopyard, photo credit: r.wilson Prepared by Rosalie J. Wilson Business Development
More informationTRICHLOROACETIC ACID SOLUTION Department of Pharmacy Duke University Medical Center Box 3089 Durham, NC 27710 919-684-5125
Page 1 of 5 1. IDENTIFICATION OF SUBSTANCE Name: Manufacturer: TRICHLOROACETIC ACID SOLUTION Department of Pharmacy Duke University Medical Center Box 3089 Durham, NC 27710 919-684-5125 Information Department:
More informationEstimated emissions and CO2 savings deriving from adoption of in-place recycling techniques for road pavements
Estimated emissions and CO2 savings deriving from adoption of in-place recycling techniques for road pavements Introduction Objective: to estimate the CO2 emissions produced by road surface construction
More informationOak chips for oenological use
Oak chips for oenological use TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION 2009 Page 1 of 8 DESCRIPTION OF THE BOISE FRANCE RANGE OF OAK CHIPS 1. Principle Boisé s range of oak chips was developed with the aim of providing
More informationGuidelines for cultivating cannabis for medicinal purposes
Guidelines for cultivating cannabis for medicinal purposes Annex to the Regulation of the Minister of Health, Welfare and Sport of December 2002, GMT/BMC 2340685, containing policy guidelines for the decision
More informationCHAPTER 7: REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR CONTAMINATED GROUNDWATER
CHAPTER 7: REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR CONTAMINATED GROUNDWATER There are a number of technologies that are being use to remediate contaminated groundwater. The choice of a certain remediation technology
More informationSafety Data Sheet according to 1907/2006/EC, Article 31
Page 1/5 1 Identification of the substance/preparation and of the company/undertaking - Product details - - Application of the substance / the preparation Adhesives - Manufacturer/Supplier: Brugg Rohrsystem
More informationABCs OF WINE SALES AND SERVICE
Class 1 Worksheet Class 1: Module 1: What is Wine? 1. The winemaking equation is: Grapes + Yeast = A. (The first letter of the answer is provided) 2. As grapes ripen on the vine, the amount of natural
More informationLecture 35: Atmosphere in Furnaces
Lecture 35: Atmosphere in Furnaces Contents: Selection of atmosphere: Gases and their behavior: Prepared atmospheres Protective atmospheres applications Atmosphere volume requirements Atmosphere sensors
More informationOil Analysis. It is important that the sampling be done in the following manner: 1.
Oil Analysis Introduction Oil analysis was originally used by the military and the railroad as a preventative maintenance program. It has expanded today to the fi eld of study called Tribology. Oil analysis
More informationETC -SV. Class 0 oil-free compressed air through catalysis
Innovation QUALITy Reliability Worldwide ETC -SV Class 0 oil-free compressed air through catalysis The way to oil-free compressed air The ETC operating principle Through the process of catalytic oxidation,
More informationWorldwide tank building applications using PP-Sheets: The effect of Foaming on properties
Worldwide tank building applications using PP-Sheets: The effect of Foaming on properties Marcus Hoffmann 1, Dominic Müller 1, Marco Stallmann 1, Matt Curtis 2 1 Simona AG Teichweg 16, 55606 Kirn, Germany
More informationUV Inkjet Printing on Food Packaging: State-of-Art and Outlook
UV Inkjet Printing on Food Packaging: State-of-Art and Outlook uv.eb WEST 2015 Crowne Plaza Hotel & Marina Redondo Beach, CA Roel De Mondt, PhD Agfa-Gevaert N.V., Belgium roel.demondt@agfa.com Analog or
More informationANALYSIS OF VITAMIN C
Purpose To learn how to analyze food for vitamin C content and to examine various sources for vitamin C content. Caution Handle the glassware with caution to prevent breakage. When using a burner in the
More informationMATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET
MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET Revision date: 02/20/2012 Revision number: 0 1. PRODUCT AND COMPANY IDENTIFICATION Product Name ProClean Drain Cleaner Contact Manufacturer Duracable Manufacturing Company 300
More informationProduct Code: CP54PB HEAT TREATED GROUND BLACK PEPPER SPECIFICATION.
Product Code: CP54PB HEAT TREATED GROUND BLACK PEPPER SPECIFICATION. 1. Description: Whole Black Peppercorns (Piper nigrum L.) ground into a powder, which has undergone no fumigation or irradiation treatment.
More informationSAFETY DATA SHEET Glen-Pak TM DNA purification cartridge (for use with disposable syringes) 60-5200-xx
Product Code: Product Name: Product Use: Manufacturer Information Company Name: SAFETY DATA SHEET 1. Product and Company Identification 60-5200-xx Glen-Pak TM DNA purification cartridge For Research Use
More informationAtomic mass is the mass of an atom in atomic mass units (amu)
Micro World atoms & molecules Laboratory scale measurements Atomic mass is the mass of an atom in atomic mass units (amu) By definition: 1 atom 12 C weighs 12 amu On this scale 1 H = 1.008 amu 16 O = 16.00
More informationCHAPTER 7 THE DEHYDRATION AND SWEETENING OF NATURAL GAS
CHAPTER 7 THE DEHYDRATION AND SWEETENING OF NATURAL GAS Natural gases either from natural production or storage reservoirs contain water, which condense and form solid gas hydrates to block pipeline flow
More informationUse of beta-glucosidase activity for flavour enhancement in specialty beers. Luk Daenen Chair De Clerck 2012
Use of beta-glucosidase activity for flavour enhancement in specialty beers Luk Daenen Chair De Clerck 2012 Flavour complexity Malt, hops, spices, fruit Flavour precursors flavour Yeast Flavour of the
More informationICH Q1B Guideline. Photostability Testing of New Drug Substances and Products
1. 2 ICH Q1B Guideline Photostability Testing of New Drug Substances and Products Comments for its Application ICH Q1B C 32 Preamble The intrinsic photostability characteristics should be evaluated to
More informationAngela Savino a.savino@politicheagricole.it. In collaboration with: Gian Luigi Marcazzan, Massimiliano Magli, Lucia Piana e Mariassunta Stefano
Angela Savino a.savino@politicheagricole.it In collaboration with: Gian Luigi Marcazzan, Massimiliano Magli, Lucia Piana e Mariassunta Stefano Milano 2 Ottobre 2015 SENSORY ANALYSIS uses evaluate of botanical
More informationG8 GALILEO. Innovation with Integrity. High-End Melt-extraction Analyzer. Inert Gas Method
G8 GALILEO High-End Melt-extraction Analyzer Innovation with Integrity Inert Gas Method Determination of O, N and H The market demands Metals, minerals, and inorganic compound markets demand high-quality
More informationSynthesis of Isopentyl Acetate
Experiment 8 Synthesis of Isopentyl Acetate Objectives To prepare isopentyl acetate from isopentyl alcohol and acetic acid by the Fischer esterification reaction. Introduction Esters are derivatives of
More informationMATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET. PRODUCT NAME: BOSTON AEROSOL ENAMEL PAINT PRODUCT CODE: BT dependant on colour
MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET DATE: 2009, revised July 2011 PRODUCT NAME: BOSTON AEROSOL ENAMEL PAINT PRODUCT CODE: BT dependant on colour SECTION I SUPPLIER IDENTIFICATION SUPPLIER S NAME : CAMPBELLS WHOLESALE
More informationSAFETY DATA SHEET. according to 1907/2006/EC, Article 31 CYTOFIXX (CYTOLOGICAL FIXATIVE)
SAFETY DATA SHEET according to 197/26/EC, Article 31 Page 1/5 SECTION 1: Identification of the substance/mixture and of the company/undertaking 1.1. Product identifier Product name 1.3. Details of the
More informationSAFETY DATA SHEET 安 全 数 据 单
SAFETY DATA SHEET 安 全 数 据 单 1. IDENTIFICATION OF THE SUBSTANCE/PREPARATION AND OF THE COMPANY/UNDERTAKING PRODUCT NAME: InnoPlus LDPE 2420D CHEMICAL NAME: Low Density Polyethylene MANUFACTURER: 14 Map
More informationTHE ROLE OF THE PVPP IN THE REMOVAL OF POLYPHENOLS FROM BEER.
THE ROLE OF THE PVPP IN THE REMOVAL OF POLYPHENOLS FROM BEER. Arsim Elshani 1, Renata Kongoli 2 1,2. Fakulteti i Bioteknologjisë dhe Ushqimit; Universiteti Bujqësor i Tiranës Tiranë; SHQIPËRI earsim@hotmail.com
More informationSODIUM CARBOXYMETHYL CELLULOSE
SODIUM CARBOXYMETHYL CELLULOSE Prepared at the 28th JECFA (1984), published in FNP 31/2 (1984) and in FNP 52 (1992). Metals and arsenic specifications revised at the 55 th JECFA (2000). An ADI not specified
More information**** MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET **** 22204 - STABIL Fuel Stabilizer **** SECTION 1 - CHEMICAL PRODUCT AND MANUFACTURER IDENTIFICATION ****
**** MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET **** 22204 - STABIL Fuel Stabilizer SEC 1 - PRODUCT AND MANUFACTURER INFO SEC 2 - COMPOSITION INFORMATION SEC 3 - HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION SEC 4 - FIRST AID MEASURES SEC 5
More informationImproving the Flavor of Fruit Products with Acidulants
BARTEK Improving the Flavor of Fruit Products with Acidulants by Daniel Sortwell, NutriQuim, S.A. de C.V. and Anne Woo, Bartek Ingredients, Inc. Expotecnoalimentaria 96, March 28, 1996 Mexico City, Mexico
More informationISANE Isoparaffin Products
ISANE Isoparaffin Products High Product Purity The Isane range is a unique range of products that is characterized by a high purity level, low odor, low surface tension, and relative chemical inertness.
More informationSafety Data Sheet UN-GHS (Rev.4) (2011) Update: 21.05.2015 Version: 1.3
Kresto classic [ KRESTO ] Page 1 of 6 1. IDENTIFICATION OF THE SUBSTANCE/MIXTURE AND OF THE COMPANY/UNDERTAKING 1.1. Product identifier Kresto classic [ KRESTO ] Hand cleanser containing solvent and friction
More informationFaculty of Chemistry, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Bucharest, 4-12 Regina Elisabeta, 030018 Bucharest, Romania
SUPERCRITICAL CO 2 EXTRACTION OF ESSENTIAL OIL FROM CORIANDER FRUITS Manuela Zorca, I. Găinar and Daniela Bala abstract: Supercritical CO 2 extraction of oil from coriander was performed on a laboratory
More informationKALPANA INDUSTRIES LTD. TECHNICAL DATA SHEET
1 KALPANA INDUSTRIES LTD. TECHNICAL DATA SHEET KI XL - 03 / KI-SC 10 TWO COMPONENT AMBIENT CURABLE POLYETHYLENE COMPOUND FOR INSULATION OF LOW VOLTAGE POWER CABLE DESCRIPTION : KI polyethylene compound
More informationA Beginner's Guide to Beer Making
A Beginner's Guide to Beer Making By the Staff of Maryland Home Brew, Inc. You may share this document for non-commercial purposes, provided you cite the source as A Beginner s Guide to Beer Making 2010
More information