RESIDENTIAL PROPANE APPLICATIONS: HIGH EFFICIENCY FURNACES

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1 RESIDENTIAL PROPANE APPLICATIONS: HIGH EFFICIENCY FURNACES FACT SHEET A residential high efficiency propane furnace delivers significant value and a new level of distinctive comfort to today s homeowners. They re affordable, efficient, economical to operate, and kind to the environment. A residential high efficiency propane furnace can provide exceptional space heating for both small floor plans and large custom homes. The furnace s PVC combustion air intake and sideways exhaust piping design allows the unit to be installed nearly anywhere in the house. And since all of the air used for combustion is taken directly from outdoors, they re more efficient and safer than traditional natural-draft furnaces. Plus, these furnaces are available in capacities ranging from 30 MBTUH up to 100+ MBTUH. PERFORMANCE High-performance propane furnaces offer best-in-class efficiency or AFUE levels. In fact, many models deliver AFUE ratings of 98 percent. Equipped with a multi-stage burner system and a variable speed blower, these furnaces heat the home steadily and comfortably. The heated air leaves the furnace at temperatures typically near 120 degrees Fahrenheit, significantly warmer than the delivery temperatures offered by electric heat pumps. ENERGY EFFICIENCY A high efficiency propane furnace is rated anywhere between 90 and 98 percent efficient.1 As the table below shows, propane furnaces have higher Energy Star efficiency level requirements than heating oil systems. Propane furnaces can also qualify for Energy Star s Most Efficient label; whereas heating oil furnaces are not eligible. Over time, propane furnaces also maintain their efficiency better than systems like electric heat pumps.2 High efficiency propane furnaces are also very economical to operate, TABLE 1 AFUE RATINGS ENERGY STAR MINIMUM AFUE REQUIREMENTS TYPE OF FURNACE ENERGY STAR MOST EFFICIENT MINIMUM AFUE REQUIREMENTS APPLICATIONS FOR USE New Construction Replacements/Retrofi ts AT A GLANCE Provides space heating for any size floor plan. Electronic ignition sparks combustion for heat no standing pilot light. Rated anywhere between 90 and 98 percent efficient. Most Efficient Qualifies for Energy Star s Most Efficient label. Has a smaller carbon footprint than most other systems NORTHERN U.S. CLIMATES SOUTHERN U.S. CLIMATES Propane/Nat Gas Heating Oil Not Eligible Qualifies for tax credits. 1. Air-Conditioning, Heating, and Refrigeration Institute (AHRI) Directory of Certified Product Performance ahridirectory.org/ahridirectory/pages/home.aspx. 2. Building America Performance Analysis Procedures for Existing Homes, US DOE Building America, 2006 nrel.gov/docs/fy06osti/38238.pdf.

2 RESIDENTIAL FACT SHEET HIGH EFFICIENCY FURNACES and were found to be the most affordable to purchase and install compared with alternative systems, like electric heat pumps and ground source heat pumps (GSHPs), in a recent heating system analysis. 3 Tax credits worth hundreds or thousands of dollars are available for high efficiency propane furnaces in both new construction and system replacements. Visit this database of energy efficiency incentives to see what credits will apply: dsireusa.org. ENERGY CONSUMPTION & COSTS High efficiency propane furnaces use varying amounts of propane based on 1) climate severity and 2) home design. The estimates in TABLE 2 are for a typical new 2,400-square-foot home. High efficiency propane furnaces provide energy, cost, and carbon savings in both new and existing homes. To show these savings, TABLE 3 compares a high efficiency propane furnace with alternative systems in a typical new 2,400-square-foot home. The propane furnace saves money and reduces CO 2 emissions. To run your own analyses of different heating systems, PERC also offers the Energy Cost and Carbon Calculator with plug-in system selection and energy pricing at buildwithpropane.com. This calculator also estimates the performance drop-off in older systems, which lets you compare energy savings of a new propane furnace with an older heating system. ENVIRONMENTAL High efficiency propane furnaces have a smaller carbon footprint than most other systems. For example, electric heat pumps typically have CO 2 emissions which are about double those of high efficiency propane furnaces. 3 This large difference in environmental performance is driven by the heat pump s use of electric resistance back-up heating during times of cold ambient temperatures. TABLE 2 REGIONAL CONSUMPTION OF PROPANE REGION PROPANE (GAL/YEAR) Northeast 550 Mid-West 724 South 106 West 512 TABLE 3 PROPANE SAVINGS IN NEW & EXISTING HOMES REGION Northeast Mid-West HEATING SYSTEM Propane Furnace ENERGY STAR Most Efficient Heating Oil Furnace Standard Efficiency Propane Furnace ENERGY STAR Most Efficient Heating Oil Furnace Standard Efficiency ANNUAL ENERGY COSTS A,B CO 2 EMISSIONS FROM HEATING $2, tons $3, tons $2, tons $2, tons Notes: A. Propane & Heating Oil Prices based on US EIA Weekly Heating Oil and Propane Update, week of 1/14/2013. New York: Propane: $2.87/gallon. Heating oil: $4.25/gallon. Michigan: Propane: $2.06/gallon. eia.gov/dnav/pet/pet_pri_wfr_a_epllpa_prs_dpgal_w.htm. B. Electricity prices taken from U.S. EIA Electric Power Monthly, data for October Michigan: 14.2 cents/kwh. eia.gov/electricity/monthly/epm_table_grapher.cfm?t=epmt_5_6_a. 3. Performance Comparison of Residential Heating Systems: Energy, Economics, and Emissions, PERC, 2011 buildwithpropane.com/html/files/heating_systems_analysis_2011.pdf. FOR MORE INFORMATION To learn more about high efficiency propane furnaces and the Propane Education & Research Council, visit buildwithpropane.com. Propane Education & Research Council / 1140 Connecticut Ave. NW, Suite 1075 / Washington, DC P / F / propanecouncil.org The Propane Education & Research Council was authorized by the U.S. Congress with the passage of Public Law , the Propane Education and Research Act (PERA), signed into law on October 11, The mission of the Propane Education & Research Council is to promote the safe, efficient use of odorized propane gas as a preferred energy source by the Propane Education & Research Council C Printed on recycled paper 5022-FS-13

3 RESIDENTIAL PROPANE APPLICATIONS: HYBRID HEATING SYSTEMS FACT SHEET A hybrid heating dual fuel system can protect homeowners from rising utility costs. They re more energy efficient, provide greater comfort, and have a smaller carbon footprint. A hybrid heating system is the combination of an air-source heat pump (ASHP) or ground source heat pump (GSHP) with a gas/propane furnace. Hybrid heating systems, which may also be called dual fuel systems, improve ASHP and GSHP performance by using a propane furnace typically a high efficiency unit in colder, outdoor temperatures instead of the heat pump s inefficient electric resistance secondary heat. By relying on the high efficiency propane furnace during colder periods, the overall heating system is more energy efficient, provides greater comfort, and has a smaller carbon footprint. Hybrid heating systems are a good alternative to ASHP-only or GSHP-only systems, especially in mixed and colder climates where winter temperatures will fall below approximately 40 degrees Fahrenheit. At these lower outdoor temperatures, ASHPs will rely more on electric resistance back-up heat. By using the high efficiency propane furnace to heat the home during colder outdoor temperatures, the hybrid system maintains efficiency, delivers warm air, and reduces electricity costs, which rise sharply with the use of electric resistance back-up. Similarly, in colder climates the ground loop of a GSHP system which is typically the most costly system component can be significantly downsized if a propane furnace is used to handle the more extreme heating loads. Instead of the GSHP loop being sized to handle 100 percent of the heating load, it is smaller and may only address percent of the heating load with the furnace handling the remainder. In one design example, the net first cost saving of a hybrid design compared to a GSHP-only design was $5,200 (including the added cost of the furnace). This major reduction in the first cost can dramatically improve the cost-eff ectiveness of GSHP technology, while the propane furnace also provides high efficiency and maintains comfort in the home. PERFORMANCE Hybrid heating systems off er the ability to use both a high efficiency heat pump (which off ers heating and cooling benefi ts) along with a high efficiency furnace to efficiently and comfortably address colder winter conditions. In the case of ASHP-furnace hybrids, when the propane furnace cycles on for heating typically at a transition point near 40 degrees Fahrenheit it greatly boosts the heating system s output capacity and also assures that warm air delivery temperatures of around 120 degrees Fahrenheit leave the furnace. Hybrid heating systems also provide a homeowner with an energy choice. As energy prices fluctuate, or the homeowner grows to prefer the warmer air delivery of the furnace, the transition point can be adjusted upward or downward. Hybrid systems also provide a redundant APPLICATIONS FOR USE New Construction: suitable for all climate zones and especially eff ective in mixed climates. Replacement/Retrofi ts: especially suitable for replacements of older ASHP systems. AT A GLANCE Maintains efficiency, delivers warm air, and reduces electricity costs. Utilizes both a high efficiency heat pump and furnace to address winter conditions. The redundant heating system ensures the home will always be heated. Combines various efficiency levels of both the heat pump and the furnace. Saves nearly $400/year compared with a standard ASHP-only system. Off ers a 2.5-year payback, based on its annual energy savings. Qualifies for tax credits.

4 RESIDENTIAL FACT SHEET HYBRID HEATING SYSTEMS heating system. If the ASHP compressor experiences a problem, the home can still be heated with the high efficiency propane furnace. Surprisingly, adding a propane furnace to an ASHP in a hybrid configuration also improves cooling performance. An oversized cooling system cools the air off too quickly, lowering its temperature but not removing enough of the humidity. This short cycling leaves the indoor air cool but still humid, leading to comfort, moisture, and mold problems. ASHPs must be sized to handle both cooling and heating loads in a home. By precisely sizing the ASHP based on the cooling load and then allowing any shortfall in the system s heating capacity to be covered by the propane furnace, a hybrid system is optimized for cooling and humidity control as well as heating. ENERGY EFFICIENCY Hybrid heating systems can combine various efficiency levels of both the heat pump (air-source or ground-source) and the furnace. The propane furnace back-up is typically a high efficiency system 90 AFUE (up to 98 AFUE). High efficiency furnaces are direct-vented, meaning they take all air needed for combustion directly from outdoors, which improves efficiency and helps assure the home s indoor air quality. Also, tax credits worth hundreds or thousands of dollars are available for hybrid systems at dsireusa.org. ENERGY CONSUMPTION & COSTS Hybrids comprised of an ASHP and a high efficiency propane furnace save nearly $400/year compared with a standard efficiency ASHP-only system (see table). 1 In existing homes with an older ASHP, at the time of system replacement (~10-15 years) the marginal first cost for upgrading to a hybrid system instead of another ASHP-only system is about 14 percent. The hybrid system offers a 2.5-year payback, based on its annual energy savings. CHART 1 COLD CLIMATE ANNUAL HEATING & COOLING COSTS FOR A 2,400 -SQUARE-FOOT HOME HVAC SYSTEM Hybrid HP: High efficiency ASHP & High efficiency propane furnace ANNUAL ENERGY COST $1,715 Standard efficiency ASHP with electric resistance back-up $2,103 ENVIRONMENTAL Most heating systems besides renewablebased options will have CO 2 emissions linked to their operations. In the case of ASHPs, many of these systems are powered by upstream, coal-fired power generation plants. In areas with significant coal-fired power generation, the inefficient electric resistance back-up heat in ASHPs creates much higher CO 2 emissions compared to ASHP-furnace hybrid systems, which avoid the electric resistance back-up. In fact, in a region like the Midwest, the annual difference in CO 2 emissions between an ASHP-only and an ASHP-furnace hybrid system is roughly equal to the greenhouse gas emissions of a passenger vehicle for an entire year. In other words, a homeowner in the Midwest could offset the CO 2 emissions from his/her passenger car every year by opting to use a hybrid system with a high efficiency propane furnace instead of an air-source heat pump. 1. Performance Comparison of Residential Heating Systems: Energy, Economics, and Emissions, PERC, 2011.buildwithpropane.com/html/files/Heating_Systems_Analysis_2011.pdf. FOR MORE INFORMATION To learn more about hybrid heating systems and the Propane Education & Research Council, visit buildwithpropane.com. Propane Education & Research Council / 1140 Connecticut Ave. NW, Suite 1075 / Washington, DC P / F / propanecouncil.org The Propane Education & Research Council was authorized by the U.S. Congress with the passage of Public Law , the Propane Education and Research Act (PERA), signed into law on October 11, The mission of the Propane Education & Research Council is to promote the safe, efficient use of odorized propane gas as a preferred energy source by the Propane Education & Research Council C Printed on recycled paper 5028-FS-13

5 RESIDENTIAL PROPANE APPLICATIONS: TANKLESS WATER HEATERS FACT SHEET Propane tankless water heaters provide comfort, versatility, convenience, and efficiency by supplying high volumes of hot water with compact and highly innovative technology. These systems (also known as demand systems) eliminate standby losses which occur in systems with hot water storage tanks like the typical electric water heater. Standby losses occur as the heated water in the storage tank is constantly re-heated while the tank loses energy to the surrounding environment even if the hot water isn t being used in the home. Propane tankless systems do not suff er standby losses, and only heat water when it s actually being called for in the home. The compact size saves roughly 12 square feet of floor space compared with many electric systems a huge benefi t in tight floor plans, including multi-family projects. Their compact size and direct-vent design (meaning the air for combustion is ducted directly to the unit from outdoors) also allow flexible installation locations in closets, tight spaces, and even outdoors. Propane tankless systems also off er the versatility and scalability to serve any residential building, from smaller 3 GPM systems (~140 kbtu/h) to multi-unit combinations of higher capacity 4.4 GPM systems (199 kbtu/h). PERFORMANCE Propane tankless water heaters provide an endless supply of hot water, averaging about 222 gallons/hour based on the listed models in the AHRI Certified Products Database. 1 Many of these systems can maintain a 4 GPM flow with a 75 degrees Fahrenheit temperature rise during operation. Conversely, the average 50-gallon electric storage water heater in the AHRI database has an average first-hour delivery rating of just 62 gallons, while listed heat pump water heaters average about 66 gallons. These flow rates are less than one-third of the delivery rate for propane tankless systems (see graph). For homeowners, this gap in hot water delivery rates is often the diff erence between a hot or a cold shower. Also, it s important to know that many propane tankless units can modify their heating output to very low levels. This lets them respond eff ectively to low flow (~0.5 GPM) demands in the home. APPLICATIONS FOR USE New Construction Replacements/Retrofi ts AT A GLANCE Delivers endless supply of water. CHART 1 HOT WATER FLOW IN FIRST HOUR GALLONS/HOUR Only heats water when it s needed. Compact size saves roughly 12 square feet of floor space. Saves more than $150/year in energy costs when compared with typical electric storage water heaters percent lower CO2 emissions when compared with electric storage tank systems Qualifies for tax credits and rebates. 0 PROPANE TANKLESS ELECTRIC STORAGE (50 GAL.) HEAT PUMP WATER HEATER 1. Air-Conditioning, Heating, and Refrigeration Institute (AHRI) Directory of Certified Product Performance ahridirectory.org/ahridirectory/pages/home.aspx. Last accessed March 2013.

6 RESIDENTIAL FACT SHEET TANKLESS WATER HEATERS ENERGY EFFICIENCY A propane tankless water heater transfers propane s thermal energy into hot water by up to a 0.97 Energy Factor (EF). 1 To achieve such high efficiency ratings, many propane tankless systems utilize a condensing design, where additional thermal energy is extracted from the combustion gases to pre-heat incoming water, increasing overall system efficiency. Long-term cost effectiveness can be defined by Annual Cost of Ownership (ACO), which is the cost for buying a water heater (amortized over its life) and paying for its annual energy bills. In a comprehensive 2011 analysis of residential water heating systems, 2 propane tankless systems were found to offer the lowest ACO in 4 out of 5 climate zones when compared with electric water heaters, heat pump water heaters, and even solar water heating systems. Propane tankless strong cost-effectiveness stems from the system s long service life (20 years) and low annual energy costs, despite the fact that other on the truck units might be cheaper initially to install. Propane tankless systems also qualify for tax credits and rebates which can make them even more cost-effective. For example in 2013, propane tankless systems with EF 0.82 qualify for a federal tax credit of $300 in addition to locally available rebates which could add another $100-$300 in return. 3 ENVIRONMENTAL Except for water heaters powered by renewable energy, all systems will have some environmental impact linked to their operations in the form of CO 2 emissions. In the case of electric systems, the upstream electric power generation creates CO 2 emissions. Based on energy and environmental analysis of different energy sources, propane tankless systems offer: percent lower CO 2 emissions compared with electric storage tank systems. Up to 50 percent lower CO 2 emissions compared with heating oil storage tank systems in the Northeast. ENERGY CONSUMPTION & COSTS Given Energy Factors as high as 0.97, propane tankless systems operate very efficiently and therefore have relatively low fuel consumption and costs. The bar graph (right) illustrates that propane tankless systems save more than $150/year in energy costs compared with typical electric storage water heaters or heating oil systems. 2 CHART 2 ANNUAL ENERGY COST FOR WATER HEATERS $500 $400 $300 $200 $100 $0 3 BEDROOMS 2.5 BATHROOMS, TYPICAL HOME (AVERAGE OF 10 ANALYSIS LOCATIONS) PROPANE ELECTRICITY OIL Propane Tankless, Non-Condensing Propane Tankless, Condensing Standard Efficiency Electric Storage Electric Tankless Heating Oil Standard Efficiency Storage 1. Air-Conditioning, Heating, and Refrigeration Institute (AHRI) Directory of Certified Product Performance ahridirectory.org/ahridirectory/pages/home.aspx. Last accessed March PERC Comparing Residential Water Heaters for Energy Use, Economics, and Emissions buildwithpropane.com/pdf/water-heating-3e-analysis.pdf. 3. Visit energystar.gov/taxcredits and buildwithpropane.com/default.aspx?page=rebatesandincentives for more details on tax credits and rebates. FOR MORE INFORMATION To learn more about tankless water heaters and the Propane Education & Research Council, visit buildwithpropane.com. Propane Education & Research Council / 1140 Connecticut Ave. NW, Suite 1075 / Washington, DC P / F / propanecouncil.org The Propane Education & Research Council was authorized by the U.S. Congress with the passage of Public Law , the Propane Education and Research Act (PERA), signed into law on October 11, The mission of the Propane Education & Research Council is to promote the safe, efficient use of odorized propane gas as a preferred energy source by the Propane Education & Research Council C Printed on recycled paper 5029-FS-13

7 RESIDENTIAL PROPANE APPLICATIONS: STORAGE TANK WATER HEATERS FACT SHEET Compact in size and equipped with leading features like electronic ignition and highly insulated tanks, Energy Star qualified propane tank water heaters offer superior value to comfort-seeking homeowners. Propane storage water heaters are a versatile, efficient, and reliable hot water solution for homeowners. Propane storage water heaters offer superior hot water delivery and energy costs compared with traditional electrical storage tank units, and come in a wide range of capacities to meet the hot water demands in any home. Propane storage water heaters are well suited for both new construction and as simple replacements for electric or gas water heaters in existing homes. Propane storage tank water heaters work well in both applications for three important reasons. First, power-vent designs fan-force the exhaust gasses outdoors through a horizontal plastic duct routed out through a wall or at the edge of the basement ceiling. Direct-vent models also fan-force the exhaust gasses outdoors, as well as draw the external combustion air directly in via a separate duct. In both cases, the plastic sidewall venting makes the installation simpler, allows for flexible water heater location, and avoids the need to run a vertical flue chase going up through the home. The sidewall venting options some of which allow for vent runs of up to 40 feet are especially useful in electric-topropane water heater replacements where a new vent is added. can supply propane to the water heater in both new construction and replacement applications. CSST lines are bendable and easily routed to the water heater location, expediting the installation. And finally, a wide variety of propane water heaters are available in varying designs, capacities, and efficiency levels, including Energy Star qualified units. Propane storage water heaters can serve many domestic functions. Combi systems utilize a single source, which can be a storage water heater, to provide both hot water and space heating in the home. PERFORMANCE A propane storage water heater delivers the same amount of hot water as an electric tank, which is much larger and takes up more space in the home. For example, to deliver about 86 gallons of hot water in the first hour, a home would need a 50-gallon propane unit or an 80CHART 1 STORAGE TANK SIZE NEEDED FOR 86 GALLON FIRST HOUR DELIVERY New Construction Replacement/Retrofi ts AT A GLANCE Compact size frees up more space. 50-gallon propane unit delivers the same amount of hot water as an 80-gallon electric unit. Eligible for Energy Star qualification electric resistance units and heating oil units are not. Energy Star propane units save about percent in annual energy costs, compared with standard electric and heating oil units. CO2 emissions reductions of 1,900 pounds per year, compared with standard electric units The second reason is flexible corrugated stainless steel tubing (CSST) gas lines APPLICATIONS FOR USE 0 PROPANE ELECTRIC

8 RESIDENTIAL FACT SHEET STORAGE TANK WATER HEATERS gallon electric unit (see CHART 1). 1 Further, the larger electric tank will experience greater standby losses (thermal losses to the surrounding area) due to its greater surface area. High efficiency propane storage water heaters, including Energy Star qualified units, also offer features such as electronic ignition, highly insulated and corrosion resistant tanks, and automatic fluedampers. ENERGY EFFICIENCY Propane storage water heaters are eligible for Energy Star qualification, whereas electric resistance units and heating oil units are not. Based on the Energy Star product listing, there are about 200 propane storage water heaters. 2 These units have a minimum Energy Factor of 0.67, and tank sizes ranging from gallons. The First Hour Rating for these units meaning the amount of hot water that the unit can supply per hour when starting with a tank full of hot water ranges from 67 to 156 gallons. It is important to note that the Energy Factor rating for water heaters is useful for comparing units with the same energy source, but it is not useful in comparing products with different energy sources such as propane and electric units. Instead, metrics such as $/year, hot water flow rate, and Energy Star qualification provide a more accurate comparison of models with different energy sources. ENERGY CONSUMPTION & COSTS With features such as electronic ignition and highly insulated tanks, Energy Star qualified propane storage water heaters offer significant energy savings. As CHART 2 indicates, an Energy Star qualified propane unit will save between 13 and 16 percent in annual energy costs, compared with standard electric and heating oil water heaters, respectively. 3 CHART 2 ANNUAL ENERGY COSTS FOR WATER HEATING 3BR, 2.5 BA TYPICAL HOME $500 $450 $400 $350 $300 $250 $200 $150 $100 AVERAGE 10 ANALYSIS LOCATIONS $50 $0 ENERGY STAR PROPANE STANDARD EFFICIENCY ELECTRIC STANDARD EFFICIENCY HEATING OIL The amount of annual propane consumption for a storage tank water heater will depend on hot water use and the water heater s efficiency, among other factors. An approximate range is about gallons/year. ENVIRONMENTAL Except for water heaters powered by renewable energy, any system will have some environmental impact linked to its operations in the form of CO 2 emissions. In the case of electric systems, the upstream electric power generation creates CO 2 emissions. Based on an energy and environmental analysis of different energy sources, an Energy Star propane storage water heater offers: CO 2 emissions reductions of 1,900 pounds per year, compared with a standard electric storage tank system. The propane system s emissions are nearly half those of the electric unit. 3 A 35 percent reduction in CO 2 emissions (about 1,250 pounds/year) compared with heating oil storage tank systems in the Northeast First Hour Rating data taken from the Air-Conditioning, Heating, and Refrigeration (AHRI) Directory of Certified Product Performance, for a 50 gallon storage tank propane water heater and an 80 gallon electric storage tank water heater. ahridirectory.org. 2. Energy Star Program Website, last accessed April energystar.gov/index.cfm?fuseaction=find_a_product.showproductgroup&pgw_code=wgs. 3. PERC Comparing Residential Water Heaters for Energy Use, Economics, and Emissions buildwithpropane.com/pdf/water-heating-3e-analysis.pdf. FOR MORE INFORMATION To learn more about storage tank water heaters and the Propane Education & Research Council, visit buildwithpropane.com. Propane Education & Research Council / 1140 Connecticut Ave. NW, Suite 1075 / Washington, DC P / F / propanecouncil.org The Propane Education & Research Council was authorized by the U.S. Congress with the passage of Public Law , the Propane Education and Research Act (PERA), signed into law on October 11, The mission of the Propane Education & Research Council is to promote the safe, efficient use of odorized propane gas as a preferred energy source by the Propane Education & Research Council C Printed on recycled paper 5030-FS-13

9 RESIDENTIAL PROPANE APPLICATIONS: RANGES & OVENS FACT SHEET From precise heat control, to smaller energy bills, to a variety of stunning designs, propane cooking equipment is the perfect ingredient for homeowners who dream of a professional caliber kitchen. Propane cooking equipment provides convenience, sharp design, and excellent performance in any kitchen from starter homes to high-end custom projects. An attractive, stainless-steel gas range that combines a propane cooktop and oven is perfect for space-challenged homeowners, while propane also off ers commercialgrade ranges, indoor grills and cooktops, in-wall double ovens, and other gas cooking applications in luxurious custom kitchens. In all cases, propane gives the homeowner ample cooking performance and precise temperature control in a wide variety of product designs. PERFORMANCE High-performance gas ranges, cooktops, and ovens are preferred by a majority of professional chefs and designers, for their own use as well as for their clients. Why? Propane ranges, cooktops, and ovens allow for greater control of heat levels. Instant-on burners allow cooking to start right away. Propane burners are also instant-off. This capability provides a safety feature not found in electric cooktops, which can remain dangerously hot for a few minutes after they ve been turned off. A propane burner s instant-off feature also allows the food to start cooling immediately and prevents overcooking. Beyond these core benefi ts of propane burners in ranges, cooktops, and even indoor grills, propane kitchen appliances also off er: Precise temperature control from searing to simmering. Smart controls for diff erent cooking modes. Griddle and grill features on ranges and cooktops. Warming drawers. Ovens with convection and steam settings. APPLICATIONS FOR USE New Construction: propane cooking equipment is well suited for any type of new home because of the wide variety of products, designs, and sizes available. Replacement/Retrofi ts: propane cooking equipment enhances kitchen remodels by off ering the benefi ts of gas cooking in what may have been an all-electric kitchen. In both new construction and remodeling, range and oven installation is made simple with flexible corrugated stainless steel tubing (CSST) gas lines, which are easily routed to the equipment s location. AT A GLANCE Annual energy cost is roughly $80-$120 per year. Emits approximately 30 percent fewer CO2 emissions than electric units. Preferred by professional chefs for precise temperature control. Instant-on burners allow cooking to start right away. Instant-off feature quickly cools down cooktop and prevents overcooking.

10 RESIDENTIAL FACT SHEET RANGES & OVENS In short, propane kitchen appliances offer a home chef excellent cooking control in a wide variety of innovative products. ENERGY EFFICIENCY Cooking appliances are generally not a major energy end-use in the home, and residential cooking appliances are not labeled by the Energy Star program. In many parts of the country, however, the benefits of gas and propane cooking go to a much higher level. In regions like California, where peak demand period on the electric grid often occurs in the late afternoons of hot summer days, electric cooking is a major load. In fact, the energy factor of electric cooking which compares its overall energy use to its energy use in peak demand times makes it the secondmost significant load in the home, behind air-conditioning. For this reason, switching to propane cooking can ease peak load issues with the electric grid and reduces electric bills in the process. ENERGY CONSUMPTION & COSTS Propane ranges, ovens, and other cooking appliances will have wide variations in energy use and costs depending primarily on frequency of use. Homeowners who use their range and/or oven daily will use more energy, while infrequent chefs will have low usage rates. A general annual estimate for propane use in the kitchen is gallons per year, or roughly $80-$120/year. ENVIRONMENTAL Propane cooking results in lower CO 2 emissions than electric cooking. This is true because the majority of electricity production comes from coal or oil-fired generation plants which release CO 2 emissions as part of the generation process. Based on typical cooking usage levels and the emissions which electricity generation creates, propane cooking has roughly 30 percent fewer CO 2 emissions. FOR MORE INFORMATION To learn more about ranges and ovens and the Propane Education & Research Council, visit buildwithpropane.com. Propane Education & Research Council / 1140 Connecticut Ave. NW, Suite 1075 / Washington, DC P / F / propanecouncil.org The Propane Education & Research Council was authorized by the U.S. Congress with the passage of Public Law , the Propane Education and Research Act (PERA), signed into law on October 11, The mission of the Propane Education & Research Council is to promote the safe, efficient use of odorized propane gas as a preferred energy source by the Propane Education & Research Council C Printed on recycled paper 5031-FS-13

11 RESIDENTIAL PROPANE APPLICATIONS: CLOTHES DRYERS FACT SHEET Equipped with cutting-edge innovations like moisture sensors, pilotless ignition, and timed drying cycles, propane clothes dryers are a smart investment for cost-conscious homeowners. Propane clothes dryers off er homeowners an efficient, convenient, and quick laundry solution. Compared with electric dryers, a propane clothes dryer will dry clothes faster and more efficiently. Propane dryers also off er the latest innovations such as steam cycles to de-wrinkle and freshen garments, drum lights to better see into the unit, and LCD control screens for ease of use. With propane, laundry day goes by a lot faster. It s important to know that gas dryers can be set to run on propane or natural gas just let the installer know which gas source you re using. New home installations and existing home replacements can both use flexible corrugated stainless steel tubing (CSST) gas lines. CSST lines are easily routed to the dryer location to expedite the installation. PERFORMANCE Propane dryers are available in diff erent capacities, with burners generally ranging from 18,000 Btu/h up to 30,000 Btu/h. Electric dryers have heating output levels at the low end of this range. This translates to faster drying times for propane clothes dryers.1 Propane clothes dryers produce hot air with more moisture than electric heaters, which can help relax wrinkles in the clothes. Propane clothes dryers also feature APPLICATIONS FOR USE New Construction: suitable for all house styles and climate zones. Replacement/Retrofi ts: Can easily replace electric dryers to improve performance and efficiency. AT A GLANCE Average cost to operate is roughly $80-$170/year. Propane saves about 20 percent annually compared with electric clothes dryers. Available capacities range from 18,000 Btu/h up to 30,000 Btu/h, which translates into faster drying times. Produces hot air with more moisture than electric dryers, which can help relax wrinkles. Moisture sensors prevent over-drying of the clothes, which saves additional energy. Over its lifespan, a propane clothes dryer saves over 2,000 pounds of CO2 emissions. 1. Natural Resources Canada Gas Clothes Dryers. oee.nrcan.gc.ca/equipment/appliance/ Last accessed April 2013

12 RESIDENTIAL FACT SHEET CLOTHES DRYERS moisture sensors, pilotless ignition, and timed drying cycles to ensure that the unit operates efficiently and safely. The moisture sensors prevent over-drying of the clothes thereby saving additional energy and keeping the cycle time to a minimum. Both electric and propane clothes dryers use a single vent to exhaust to outdoors, which simplifies electric-to-propane replacements. 2 ENERGY EFFICIENCY Propane clothes dryers can save over 20 percent in energy costs compared with electric dryers. 3 The efficiency and cost benefits are created by the propane dryer s higher heating capacity, shorter cycle times, and features like pilotless ignition. In the same way that a propane tankless water heater is more efficient than using electricity to heat water, using propane heat to dry clothes is also more efficient. In fact, the propane clothes dryer, the clothes washer, and a propane tankless water heater supplying the clothes washer form a laundry room technology trio to optimize convenience, efficiency, and performance. Going with propane means avoiding the cost of installing a 220V circuit for an electric dryer too. The lower-cost 110V circuit for a propane dryer can also supply the clothes washer with power. ENERGY CONSUMPTION & COSTS It s easy to determine the amount of energy a propane clothes dryer will use. TABLE 1 below provides an estimate for annual consumption levels, based on the number of bedrooms in a home. In terms of energy costs, propane clothes dryers will generally cost roughly $40-$80/year to operate. This range will vary based on local propane rates, how often the dryer is used, and how well it is maintained. ENVIRONMENTAL Propane clothes dryers result in an annual savings of 0.1 to 0.3 metric tons CO 2 emissions as compared with electric clothes dryers. 4 Over the course of the dryer s useful life, this means the propane clothes dryer saves over 2,000 pounds of CO 2 emissions. TABLE 1 TYPICAL PROPANE CONSUMPTION FOR CLOTHES DRYERS GALLONS/YEAR # of Bedrooms Clothes Dryer Fuel Consumption Installations should always adhere to manufacturer instructions and local code requirements. 3. Propane Education & Research Council, Propane Energy Pod Online User Tool, buildwithpropane.com/?page=energypodtool. Last accessed April PERC R&D Factsheet: Whole-House Analysis of Energy Efficiency Upgrades for Existing Homes, October FOR MORE INFORMATION To learn more about clothes dryers and the Propane Education & Research Council, visit buildwithpropane.com. Propane Education & Research Council / 1140 Connecticut Ave. NW, Suite 1075 / Washington, DC P / F / propanecouncil.org The Propane Education & Research Council was authorized by the U.S. Congress with the passage of Public Law , the Propane Education and Research Act (PERA), signed into law on October 11, The mission of the Propane Education & Research Council is to promote the safe, efficient use of odorized propane gas as a preferred energy source by the Propane Education & Research Council C Printed on recycled paper 5032-FS-13

13 RESIDENTIAL PROPANE APPLICATIONS: FIREPLACES FACT SHEET Homeowners today are cozying up to propane fireplaces. They offer both comfort and ambiance, along with high efficiency heating for the home. Propane fireplaces off er homeowners true versatility. They can be installed indoors or out, are more energy efficient, environmentally friendly, convenient to use, and easier to install than wood-burning models. Plus, an attractive real flame brings warmth and ambiance to a living space, increasing its value with buyers. And many models can operate during electrical power outages, providing a critical source of heating to the home. PERFORMANCE High efficiency propane fireplaces are suitable for all climates and can achieve Fireplace Efficiency (FE) ratings of over 90 percent.1 Let s examine the key features that allow propane units to reach such a high efficiency level. Propane fireplaces utilize a direct vent design, so the air used for combustion comes directly from outdoors. This means the fireplace isn t sucking warm air out of the house for combustion, the way traditional wood-burning units do. And since the direct vent inserts can be used to convert old, inefficient masonry fireplaces or added to new or existing rooms, propane fireplaces are an ideal solution for retrofi t or replacement projects. Direct vent propane fireplaces have outdoor air ducted into the unit for combustion, which adds efficiency and keeps warm air inside the home. An insulated outer casing limits heat loss through the unit s walls when it is located on an exterior wall in the home. This allows the fireplace to add to the home s efficiency even when it isn t operating. An automatic ignition allows the propane unit to efficiently and safely start the fireplace without a standing pilot light. During operation, the ceramic glass front helps radiate heat into the room, while a quiet and efficient circulating fan continuously moves air around the fireplace in order to absorb the heat and then deliver it into the living space. There s also a secondary heat exchanger that captures additional heat from the combustion gasses and then transfers it to the living space. Advanced or turndown controls let homeowners modulate a unit s fire/heat output to provide consistent ambiance, but without overheating. Advanced control options also include handheld remote control units, which can integrate a thermostat so the fireplace can dial in the exact heat output to keep the room at a set temperature. Beyond these performance features, propane fireplaces also off er 5 to 6 times the heating capacity of electric fireplaces and efficiency levels well beyond traditional APPLICATIONS FOR USE New Construction Replacement/Retrofi ts AT A GLANCE Off ers Fireplace Efficiency (FE) ratings of over 90 percent. By comparison, wood-burning fireplaces are about 15 percent FE. Delivers 5 to 6 times the heating capacity of electric fireplaces. Remote control feature helps to maintain a constant room temperature. Average cost to operate is roughly $50-$150/year. Propane carries a smaller environmental footprint and produces fewer particulate emissions and less carbon monoxide than wood-burning units. 1. Natural Resources Canada Fireplace Products Directory: oee.nrcan.gc.ca/pml-lmp/index.cfm?action=app.search-recherche&appliance=fireplace_g. Last accessed April 2013.

14 RESIDENTIAL FACT SHEET FIREPLACES wood-burning fireplaces. 2 Remote controls allow efficient control of the unit, including the ability to automatically modulate the fireplace to maintain a constant temperature in the living space. With the efficiency levels and controls offered by propane fireplaces, they are an excellent option to provide zone heating in a portion of a home. Zone heating can optimize comfort in those parts of the home most often occupied, and also save energy costs by allowing the home s central thermostat to be adjusted downward. Propane fireplace installation is made simple with flexible corrugated stainless steel tubing (CSST) gas lines, which are easily routed to the fireplace location in new or existing homes. ENERGY EFFICIENCY With fireplace efficiency ratings over 90 percent, propane fireplaces can offer very efficient space heating to parts of a home. By comparison, traditional wood-burning fireplaces are about 15 percent efficient, largely because they lose thermal energy from combustion up the chimney as well as drawing heated air out of the home. The heating capacity of propane fireplaces varies widely, from smaller units (< 20,000 Btu/h input to much larger units (> 50,000 Btu/h input). This range of products allows the fireplace to be sized based on the area of the room and how it will be used. ENERGY CONSUMPTION & COSTS Propane fireplaces will have widely varying levels of fuel use depending on how the residents use the fireplace and how many fireplaces are in the home. A rough estimate of propane fireplace consumption levels is provided in the table. When the fireplace(s) is used to help provide space heating, the usage numbers will increase. However, in these situations it s important to note that space heat provided by the fireplace offsets space heating energy in some other form (like the furnace or boiler in the home). Propane fireplace operating costs vary as well, and for occasional use may range from $50-$150/year. TABLE 1 ESTIMATED PROPANE USAGE OPERATION PROPANE (GAL/YEAR) Occasional Use 25-75* Fireplace Used for Space Heating * Higher end of range more likely in colder climates If the fireplace is operating to provide space heating, the net energy cost will be even lower because the fireplace is off setting energy use from the home s main heating system. ENVIRONMENTAL Propane fireplaces carry a much lighter environmental footprint than traditional wood fireplaces. 3 They produce fewer particulate emissions and less carbon monoxide compared with wood-burning fireplaces. In fact, jurisdictions in some parts of the country restrict the use of traditional wood-burning fireplaces during certain times of the year due to their detrimental air quality impact. Propane fireplaces are also more environmentally friendly than electric fireplace units. The electricity used in electric fireplace units is often generated by coal-fired power plants which generate significant CO 2 emissions along with other pollutants. 2. Propane Energy Pod buildwithpropane.com/?page=energypodtool. Last accessed April Natural Resources Canada Gas Fireplaces Introduction. oee.nrcan.gc.ca/equipment/heating/8931. Last accessed April FOR MORE INFORMATION To learn more about fireplaces and the Propane Education & Research Council, visit buildwithpropane.com. Propane Education & Research Council / 1140 Connecticut Ave. NW, Suite 1075 / Washington, DC P / F / propanecouncil.org The Propane Education & Research Council was authorized by the U.S. Congress with the passage of Public Law , the Propane Education and Research Act (PERA), signed into law on October 11, The mission of the Propane Education & Research Council is to promote the safe, efficient use of odorized propane gas as a preferred energy source by the Propane Education & Research Council C Printed on recycled paper 5033-FS-13

15 Residential propane applications: High efficiency BOILERS Fact Sheet High efficiency propane boilers are lowering costs and adding value to homes across the country. They serve a variety of space- and water-heating applications, allowing today s homeowners to customize their residential energy use. High efficiency propane boilers offer efficiency, space savings, and the versatility to provide heating, hot water, and even snow melt. This versatility also extends to the type of heating delivery system propane boilers serve, including hydronic baseboard systems, in-floor hydronic systems, or even forced-air systems where the hot water from the boiler (instead of a furnace) acts as the heat source. Propane boilers are available in a wide range of heating capacities with inputs reaching as high as 299,000 BTU per hour. Multiple boilers can also be banked together for even greater capacity, redundancy, versatility, and performance. A residential high efficiency propane boiler also takes up little space in the home, whether a floor or wall-hung model. Their ability to supply domestic hot water makes propane boilers ideal candidates for residential installations. Additional end use options for boilers include snow melt systems or separate heating zones in spaces like the garage. Treating these additional applications individually allows homeowners to use them as they see fit, conserving energy while still providing added value. PERFORMANCE New high efficiency boilers are often used to supply hot water to hydronic (meaning hot water-based) heating systems. In-floor hydronic radiant systems eliminate the use of forced-air ducts to distribute heating which can waste significant amounts of energy. In-floor hydronic systems are also easily zoned using manifolds, so the homeowner can heat different parts of the home to varying set points optimizing comfort and saving energy too. Many homes in the U.S. also use air conditioning for the warmer summer months. With hydronic heating, non-ducted air conditioning options include high efficiency window or wall units or a mini-split system. High velocity ducted central A/C is another option which may be used in climates with more significant cooling loads or larger floor plans. Examples of in-floor hydronic radiant tubing (left) and a distribution manifold (right). Propane boilers have an expected lifespan of up to 30 years, according to the EPA, but many boilers can last much longer if serviced and maintained properly. Thus, the initial investment in a hydronic heating system provides long-term value well beyond other heating alternatives. APPLICATIONS for use New Construction Replacements/Retrofits At a glance Available in a wide range of heating capacities with inputs reaching as high as 299,000 BTU per hour. Additional end use options include snow melt systems and separate heating zones. Many Energy Star-rated propane boilers have an efficiency rating of at least 85 AFUE. The EPA s Most Efficient propane boilers offer up to 19 percent savings over standard efficiency boilers. Systems may also qualify for a variety of federal, state, and utility credits or incentives. High efficiency propane boilers result in significantly reduced CO 2 emissions compared with those fueled by heating oil.

16 residential FACT SHEET HIGH EFFICIENCY BOILERS ENERGY EFFICIENCY In addition, propane boilers offer high efficiency and energy cost savings. Roughly 350 propane boiler models qualify for the Energy Star label. This means that the boilers have an efficiency rating of at least 85 percent, as rated by their AFUE. An 85 AFUE rating is actually just the start, as 33 of these boilers are also rated as Most Efficient within the Energy Star program achieving efficiency ratings 95 percent AFUE. By contrast, only six high efficiency oil boilers are listed on the EPA s Most Efficient product listing, allowing a wider range of options for high efficiency propane boilers. Most Efficient propane boilers offer up to 19 percent savings over standard efficiency boilers and represent the best-in-class levels of boiler technology. Some of the key features in high efficiency propane boilers include: Electronic Ignition meaning no standing pilot light. ENERGY CONSUMPTION & COSTS High efficiency propane boilers provide energy, cost, and carbon savings in both new and existing homes. As an illustration of these savings, the table below compares a standard efficiency oil boiler (84 AFUE) with an Energy Star Most Efficient propane boiler (95 AFUE) in a typical new 2,400-square-foot home. The propane boiler saves about 18 percent in energy costs and reduces CO 2 emissions by 4,000 pounds/year. High efficiency propane boilers used for space- and water-heating systems may also qualify for a variety of federal, state, and utility credits or incentives. For example a homeowner could receive an energy efficient tax credit from the federal government of up to $500 for a qualifying new propane boiler. Visit the Database of State Incentives for Renewables & Efficiency at dsireusa.org to see what incentives may apply. Environmental As the example illustrates, a high efficiency propane boiler results in significant CO 2 emission reductions compared with a heating oil boiler. Even for propane and heating oil boilers of comparable efficiency levels, a 2013 heating systems analysis 1 determined that the CO 2 emissions from a high efficiency propane boiler were 2,749 pounds (~1.4 tons) lower per year than for a high efficiency oil boiler for a new, Northeast home. In that same analysis, the CO 2 emissions for a propane boiler-fed in-floor hydronic system were lower when compared with several other furnace and heat pump systems in the Midwest. Propane boilers offer environmental value inside the home as well. According to the EPA, poorly designed or maintained HVAC systems can lead to reduced air quality. One benefit of propane boilers heating the home via hydronic baseboard or in-floor heating is the elimination of fans and duct systems which can circulate dust, dirt, and other allergens. Condensing Operation which allows more heat to be extracted from the combustion process. Sealed Combustion Operation so all combustion air is ducted directly from outdoors. Modulation Operation which allows the boiler to adjust its output rate. Outdoor Reset letting the boiler adjust its temperature in response to the outdoors, while also improving comfort and reducing distribution losses. PROPANE SAVINGS IN NEW 2,400-SQUARE-FOOT HOMES NEW 2,400-Square-Foot Home a (cold climate) Annual Energy Costs b Co 2 Emissions (tons per year) High Efficiency Propane Boiler $2, tons Standard Efficiency Propane Boiler $3, tons Savings from Propane Boiler $ tons Notes: A. Simulations based on Energy Calculator online tool available at buildwithpropane.com. Simulation used a 2,400-square-foot typical new home located in New York with propane boiler at 95 AFUE and heating oil boiler at 84 AFUE. B. Energy prices may be entered into the calculator or default prices used. In this example, prices were input with propane at $2.48/gallon and heating oil at $4.01/gallon based on the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) March 20, 2013 Heating Oil and Propane Pricing Update the last EIA report for the heating season. Available online: 1. Performance Comparison of Residential Heating Systems: Energy, Economics, Emissions, and Comfort. PERC, buildwithpropane.com/html/files/heating_systems_analysis_2011.pdf. For More Information To learn more about high efficiency propane boilers and the Propane Education & Research Council, visit buildwithpropane.com. Propane Education & Research Council / 1140 Connecticut Ave. NW, Suite 1075 / Washington, DC P / F / propanecouncil.org The Propane Education & Research Council was authorized by the U.S. Congress with the passage of Public Law , the Propane Education and Research Act (PERA), signed into law on October 11, The mission of the Propane Education & Research Council is to promote the safe, efficient use of odorized propane gas as a preferred energy source by the Propane Education & Research Council C Printed on recycled paper 5038-FS-13