Use of DNA-based Biotechnologies in the Beef Cattle Industry Alison Van Eenennaam, Ph.D.

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1 Use of DNA-based Biotechnologies in the Beef Cattle Industry Alison Van Eenennaam, Ph.D. Cooperative Extension Specialist Animal Biotechnology and Genomics UC Davis Alison Van Eenennaam 8/24/06

2 What is Biotechnology? Biotechnology - The application of science and engineering to living organisms.

3 Animal biotechnology Artificial selection (breeding programs) Artificial Insemination Using DNA information for parentage Marker-assisted selection Genetic engineering Cloning

4 What is DNA?

5 Animal biotechnology Artificial selection (breeding programs) Artificial Insemination Using DNA information for parentage Marker-assisted selection Genetic engineering Cloning

6 Prather Ranch Macdoel Northern California Alison Van Eenennaam 8/24/06

7 2004 Trial Conducted 4/30-5/1/2004 Blood collected on FTA cards 293 calves Total of 16 bulls

8 Number of Offspring Number of offspring sired by 16 mature herd bulls (2004) Bull

9 2005 Trial Conducted 4/20-5/21/2005 Blood collected on FTA cards 624 calves Total of 27 bulls

10 Number of Calves Number of offspring sired by 27 herd bulls (2005) Bull

11 Percent of calf crop % Calf Crop Sired by 27 Herd Bulls by Age of Sire 12% 10% % % 4% 2% 0% Sire

12 Cooperators: Dan Drake, UCCE, Siskiyou County Josh Davy, Morgan Doran, UCCE Dept Animal Science, UC Davis Alison Van Eenennaam, Extension Specialist Prather Ranch Macdoel, CA Jim and Mary Rickert, Lucas Taylor, Jess Dancer Cecilia Penedo, UC Davis Vet Genetics Laboratory $ California Beef Cattle Improvement Association $ NBCEC

13 Animal biotechnology Artificial selection (breeding programs) Artificial Insemination Using DNA information for parentage Marker-assisted selection Genetic engineering Cloning

14 Commercial companies are now offering DNA markers for use in Marker-Assisted Selection (MAS) for given traits Marker-assisted selection is the process of using the results of DNA testing to assist in the selection of individuals to become parents in the next generation.

15 What is a Genetic Marker? A DNA sequence variation that has been associated with a given trait in one or more populations

16 2006 DNA tests on the market Name Trait Desired Genotype GeneSTAR Marbling **** GeneSTAR Tenderness ****** Igenity TenderGENE 5 VALIDATION WEBSITE

17 Should I use DNA-based marker-assisted selection in my breeding program? The increased economic returns from greater genetic gain as a result of using the markers must outweigh the cost of genotyping Translation will marker assisted selection make you money?

18 Marker-Assisted Selection (MAS) Assisted - To give help or support to, especially as a subordinate or supplement; aid Driven - Powered, operated, or controlled; to exert inescapable or coercive pressure on Marker-Driven Selection (MAD)

19 Marker-Driven Selection (MAD)

20 Marker-Assisted Selection (MAS)

21 Animal biotechnology Artificial selection (breeding programs) Artificial Insemination Using DNA information for parentage Marker-assisted selection Genetic engineering Cloning

22 Makes it unlawful for any person, firm, or corporation to propagate, cultivate, raise, or grow genetically modified organisms in Mendocino County

23 Animal Genomics and Biotechnology Education

24 One of the most divisive issues regarding genetic engineering is the suggestion that a choice must be made between either organic agriculture OR genetic engineering. This 30 minute peer-reviewed video explains the science behind genetic engineering, outlines its uses in food crops and animals, details where and why this technology is being used by California farmers, and examines the science-based concerns pertaining to the use of genetic engineering in agricultural production systems.

25 Animal Biotechnology Education

26 Questions?

27

Alison Van Eenennaam, Ph.D.

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