Pervious Pavement SYSTEMS THINKING. THE NEW DESIGN PROBLEM and the Role of the Civil Engineer. LOW IMPACT DEVELOPMENT Introduction

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1 Pervious Pavement Options and Design Guidelines (with LID example projects) SYSTEMS THINKING Need to think differently about the problem Whole System Design Site & Project Relationships Integrated Design Design Relationships Bellingham, WA, USA Sustainable Design Materials & Systems (relationships) THE NEW DESIGN PROBLEM and the Role of the Civil Engineer Many biological systems are in decline The Civil Engineer has a critical role to play but many are lagging other types of designers in sustainable design interest or implementation Civil Engineers need to step up to the plate in an increasing way Society needs to ask new questions of Civil Engineers, there are new problems to solve We are smarter than this we must raise the bar for the performance of engineering solutions and foster innovation Conventional Development Addressed major problems and disasters (Crisis Management) Low Impact Development Reducing negative impacts on resources Conventional Development Addressed major problems and disasters (Crisis Management)

2 Sustainable (Zero Impact) Development Maintaining resources Low Impact Development Reducing negative impacts on resources Conventional Development Addressed major problems and disasters (Crisis Management) Regenerative (Restorative) Development Restoring damaged resources Sustainable (Zero Impact) Development Maintaining resources Low Impact Development Reducing negative impacts on resources Conventional Development Addressed major problems and disasters (Crisis Management) L.I.D. Site Design Techniques Geometrics & Layout (i.e., Narrow Streets ) Porous Pavements (Permeable Surfaces) Bioretention (Raingardens) Soil Amendments (Compost Amended Soils) Rainwater Collection and Reuse Ways to Mimic Nature No Catch Basins & No Curbs Sheet Flow Run-off Retain Water On-Site Porous Surfaces Do not Concentrate Flows Use smaller decentralized solutions at the source Decentralized Approach (Small Scale Systems) vs. Centralized Approach (Large Scale System) LEED Sustainable Sites Pre-Req.: Erosion and Sedimentation Control 5. Reduced Site Disturbance (2) 6. Stormwater Management (2)

3 EXAMPLE SITE PLAN EXAMPLE SITE PLAN Conventional Run-off Treatment and Infiltration/Detention Area Porous Surface Flows vs. Collected & Concentrated Flows ~20:1 Increase in direct treatment and infiltration contact area PERVIOUS PARKING LOT Conceptual Site Plan Conceptual Site Plan EXAMPLE SITE PLAN Required Lot Size 10% to 25% Less to complete project PERVIOUS PARKING LOT 10% to 25% Area Saved Permeable (Porous) Surfaces Hardscapes Porous Concrete / Asphalt Pavements Interlocking Concrete Pavers Gravel Cellular Confinement Systems Softscapes Reinforced Grass Surfaces Grass Cellular Confinement Systems Green Roofs Conceptual Site Plan Some Porous Pavement Design Considerations Soil soil infiltration rate soil s structural capacity soil s susceptibility to swelling slope stability / basement flooding Use high or low traffic Sources of contamination (i.e. industrial) speed maintenance striping Mimicking Natural Conditions Native Soil Section (Natural Conditions)

4 Conceptual Summary Section Mimicking Natural Conditions Porous Pavement Section (Built Conditions) Concepts shown, not all will be present on each design Stormwater Treatment, Detention/Retention and Flow Control are built into the section Porous Concrete Pavement DESIGN CRITERIA Soil Soil s infiltration rate Soil s structural capacity (CBR rating) Soil s susceptibility to swelling Site location (slope stability) Applications High or low traffic Sources of contamination (i.e. industrial) Maintenance Mix Design Strength of section Brandon Regional Hospital - Brandon, Florida circ 1980

5 1992 Sidewalk Eugene, Oregon City of Olympia 1500 lineal feet of sidewalk 2000 Sub-grade: native soil was permeable enough Savings: $110,000 - land acquisition for detention ponds unnecessary Public Alley, Bellingham, WA Bayview Corner, Whidbey Island, WA

6 INTERLOCKING CONCRETE PAVERS Types of Pavers INTERLOCKING CONCRETE PAVERS Site Plan SF-RIMA UNI ECOSTONE TURFSTONE INTERLOCKING CONCRETE PAVERS Typical Section INTERLOCKING CONCRETE PAVERS Residential Driveway, Bellingham, WA REINFORCED GRASS PAVEMENT REINFORCED GRASS PAVEMENT Bayview Corner, Whidbey Island, WA

7 REINFORCED GRASS PAVEMENT REINFORCED GRASS PAVEMENT Reinforced Grass Pavement Fire Truck Access Microsoft Campus, Redmond, WA REINFORCED GRASS PAVEMENT POROUS GRAVEL PAVEMENT Gravel Pave 2 Boundary Bay Brewery, Bellingham, WA ADA Assessible Trail Pulling it all together PERVIOUS PAVEMENT Operation and Maintenance Regular sweeping and cleaning EcoStone handicap parking and building entrance area Grass parking stalls Porous concrete road & parking

8 (4 lot subdivision) (4 lot subdivision) L.I.D. Techniques Used: Porous Pavement Compost Amended Soil Raingardens Large Raingarden for handling street run-off Rivendell Plat, Whatcom County, Bellingham, WA Rivendell Plat, Whatcom County, Bellingham, WA (270 lot resort development) (270 lot resort development) L.I.D. Techniques Used: Porous Pavement Compost Amended Soil Raingardens Each home site handles stormwater Raingarden Planter Box Compost Amended Soils Raingarden Pervious Pavement Roche Harbor, San Juan County, WA (270 lot resort development) Example Country Lane sections Raingarden For Handling Parking & Street Run-off Raingarden Planting Strips For Handling Street Edge Run-off Residence, Bellingham, WA City of Vancouver BC Country Lane Alley Program Roche Harbor, San Juan County, WA Proposed Porous Alley Section

9 (Municipal Community Center) THANK YOU 75,000 sf community center on 10.5 acres 100,000sf of porous concrete Raingardens Infiltration of roof water No curbs No catch basins Pool-water re-use for toilet flushing Questions Firstenburg Community Center, City of Vancouver, WA