11 /40 1 /40 21 /40 31 /40. 1) This occurs when there is too much calcium in the blood stream and the body starts depositing it in soft tissues.

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1 1) Atherosclerosis 1) This occurs when there is too much calcium in the blood stream and the body starts depositing it in soft tissues. 2) The gravity dependant portions of the lungs 2) This occurs at normal levels of blood calcium, but is due to trauma to the tissues that leads to calcification. 3) involves part of the circumference of the vessel 3) Metastatic calcification 4) Exudate Blood -> Hemothorax Pus -> Empyema Chyle -> Chylothorax 11 /40 4) Dystrophic calcification 1 /40 1) squamous cell 1) Obstructive 2) Resorptive 2) squamous cell 3) deviation of a fissure 3) Histoplasmosis Coccidioplasmosis Blastomycosis Sarcoid 4) right lung apex 4) Bronchogenic carcinoma Granuloma hamartoma Matastatic disease Inflammatory nodule 31 /40 21 /40

2 1) Fluid that is trapped between the lung and the diaphragms. 2) Congestive Heart Failure (Usually from left ventricular failure) 1) 1) Concretions 2) Conduit wall 3) Cyst wall 4) Mas 2) Concretion 3) Involves the entire circumference of the vessel 3) Mass 4) Hemodynamic 12 /40 4) Considered premalignant 10-20% go on to develop gallbladder carcinoma (they are generally prophylactically removed) 2 /40 1) Ranke complexperipheral granuloma with hilar calcifications in the lymph nodes 1) Popcorn calcification 2) Strep pneumonia (pneumococcal pneumonia) 2) Hamartoma 3) staph and TB 3) 2% 4) staph 4) Blood, pus, water, protein, cells 32 /40 22 /40

3 1) Coarctation of the Aorta 1) Iliac Arteries 2) Figure 3 sign Rib notching 2) Concretion 3) involves all three layers of the artery 3) Diabetes 4) Coronary artery disease 13 /40 4) Appendix (Appendocolith) Gallbladder (Cholelithiasis) Pancreas (Pancreatic Calculi) Phleboliths Prostate (Prostatic Calculi) Kidneys (Renal stones) 3 /40 1) staph 2) strep 1) Life lines L - Lymphangetic carcinoma I - Inflammation, Infection F - Fibrosis E - Edema, Emphyse 2) Hypoxia or COPD 3) mycoplasma pneumonia 4) Pink Blue 33 /40 3) Flattened hemi-diaphragm blunted costophrenic angles elongated heart hyperlucency widening of the ribs 4) EAA is organic material pneumoconiosis is inorganic material 23 /40

4 1) A tear between the tunica intima and the tunica media 2) increased blood pressure (pulses) in the upper extremities while decreased blood pressure in the lower extremities. 3) Disrupts arterial walls but are contained by the surrounding connective tissue. 4) Peribronchial cuffing Kerly's B lines - horizontal lines found in the basilar portions of the lungs, and are usually about 1-2 cm. Meniscus Sign Subpulmonic 1) Phleboliths 2) 85-90% 3) Bag of Diamonds 4) Arterial Walls 14 /40 4 /40 1) posterior arch of C1 1) Asbestosis silicosis coal miners 2) Hyperextension 2) meniscus sign 3) Hyperflexion 3) Lateral decubitus x-ray 4) Step defect disruption of the cortex zone of impaction 34 /40 4) Autoimmune non-caseating granulomas 24 /40

5 1) Cholesterol 1) Abdominal Aorta 2) Smooth muscle of the uterus 2) 10-15% 3) perforated ulcer 3) Staghorn Calculus 4) Valvulae Conniventes 4) Pancreatitis secondary to chronic alcoholism 15 /40 5 /40 1) Radial head fracture (chisel fracture) 1) first highest is Black women second highest is Hispanic population 2) subcoracoid (anterior) 3) Flap fracture (avulsion of the greater tuberocity) Hill-sacs/Hatchet (Posterior lateral impaction of the humerus) Bankart fracture (anterior labral injury, can be bony or strictly cartilaginous) 2) Stage 0 - no radiographic findings, but positive lab findings Stage 1 - potato nodes, and the sign (right paratracheal bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy) Stage 2 - Hilar lymphadenopathy and interstitial markings Stage 3 - just interstitial Stage 4 - honeycomb lung or fibrosis 3) Biopsy 4) Unilateral facet is hyperflexion and rotation Bilateral facet is just hyperflexion 35 /40 4) 20-25% 25 /40

6 1) Rugae 1) No 2) Haustra 2) >3.8 cm 3) Dynamic Ileus 3) Cyst wall 4) Adynamic Ileus 4) Histoplasmosis and Tuberculosis 16 /40 6 /40 1) Avulsion of a spinous process of a lower cervical vertebra. (stable) 1) Kidneys, Ureter, Bladder 2) Head of the 5th metatarsal 2) 70 3) Peronius Brevis 3) 90 4) Abnormal bone with normal stresses 4) Calcification over the hemi-diaphragms 36 /40 26 /40

7 1) Indirect 1) Below the renal arteries 2) pectus excavatum 2) Adenocarcinoma 3) Elevated right hemi-diaphragm due to congenital weakness. 4) Normal air in a bronchi that is seen because it is surrounded by an area of consolidation. 17 /40 3) Mass Calcification (Teratoma) 303 pounds!! 4) Fecal-oral contamination DON'T EAT POOP! 7 /40 1) Normal bone with abnormal stresses. 2) separation of a slightly immovable joint 1) miliary TB Silicosis metastatic carcinoma 2) mesothelioma Bronchogenic Carcinoma 3) 8mm 3) in the pleural spaces 4) Sartorius 37 /40 4) TTTH Teratoma Thyoma Thyroidoma Hodgkin's Lymphoma 27 /40

8 1) an air fluid level seen in the lungs. this develops from a mass that has necrosed and cavitated. (always a sign of progression) 2) Squamous cell carcinoma 3) loss of normal anatomical silhouette due to the fact that a disease is of the same water density and in anatomical contact. 1) tissue from all three dermal layers, Hair, teeth, and fat. 1% might go on to degrade into squamous cell carcinoma. 2) 1) Smoking 2) Diabetes 3) Hypertension 3) Ultrasound and CT 4) Extrapleural sign 18 /40 4) Gall stones 8 /40 1) Rectus femoris 1) sarcoid silicosis post-radiation of Hodgkin's 2) Hamstrings 2) 30 days to 18 months (clinically 2 years) 3) Adductors 3) less than 30 days 4) QL 38 /40 4) Squamous cell carcinoma Adenocarcinoma Small cell (oat cell) carcinoma Large cell carcinoma 28 /40

9 1) Cat under the rug sign 1) Appendocholith 2) collapse of the right upper lobe that normally produces a migration of the minor fissure in a superior direction. 2) Renal stones 3) coarctation of the aorta 3) Chronic low level dehydration or infection. 4) The right lobe of an enlarged thymus 4) Transudate 19 /40 9 /40 1) avulsion of the lateral tibia at the insertion of the TFL (significant for ACL injuries) 1) Squamous cell and small cell 2) Injury of the ankle with a fracture of the proximal fibula. 2) Adenocarcinoma and Large cell 3) Tarsometatarsal 3) Adenocarcinoma 4) lateral dislocation of 2-5th digits 39 /40 4) adenocarcinoma 29 /40

10 1) O - Obstructive P - Passive A - Adhesive C - Cicatrizatio 2) Adhesive 1) Rheumatic Fever 2) Pseudotumor As the fluid is absorbed, it may be referred to as a "vanishing" or "phantom" tumor 3) no greater than 1 cm 3) Cicatrizational 4) Passive 20 /40 4) Take a decubitus x-ray 10 /40 1) Lateral dislocation of 1-5th digits 1) small cell 2) Type 3 has disruption of the coracoclavicular ligament 2) small cell 3) Multiple fractures in different stages of healing. 3) Squamous cell 4) Squamous cell 40 /40 30 /40