Mid-Atlantic Grain and Forage Journal

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1 Mid-Atlantic Grain and Forage Journal (formerly New Jersey Grain and Forage Journal) A Compilation of Research and Extension Projects on Corn, Soybean, Small Grain and Forage Production Supported by: New Jersey Soybean Board Grain and Forage Producers Association of New Jersey Rutgers Cooperative Extension Cook College Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey Volume 7

2 PREFACE Mid-Atlantic Grain and Forage Journal , Volume 7 This is the seventh edition of the Journal, formerly named the New Jersey Grain and Forage Journal. Traditionally the publication has presented work conducted in New Jersey by Rutgers Cooperative Extension faculty and staff. The name change reflects the fact that submissions to this journal have continued to come from researchers and Extension workers from the Mid-Atlantic region. Articles from New Jersey, Delaware and Maryland are included in this issue. Grain and forage production represents the largest agricultural acreage in the Mid- Atlantic states, adding significantly to and supporting related industries. Not only does this support the local and regional economy, but also provides the benefits of open space to the residents of the region. Unfortunately at the same time, dollars to support personnel conducting field and forage crop research and extension efforts for this sector of the agricultural economy are declining. It is my hope that this and other collaborative efforts by field and forage crop agents, specialists and researchers from land-grant colleges and universities in the region will assist in information sharing across state borders. I would like to acknowledge and thank the New Jersey Soybean Board and Grain and Forage Producers Association for their financial support. The Soybean Board allocates soybean check off funds for research and promotional activities that benefit the soybean industry. The Grain and Forage Producers Association promotes research, marketing, legislation and education related to the grain and forage industry. In addition I would like to thank the following people who joined me as reviewers for this edition: Richard Taylor, University of Delaware, Robert Kratochvil, University of Maryland, and Greg Roth, Penn State University. Lastly, thank you to the Cook College Computing Services Office for their assistance in publishing this web-based journal. I hope that these results will be of interest and use to you. Our goal is to provide information to farmers, industry personnel and Cooperative Extension faculty and staff. Your suggestions for research and educational projects are always welcome, as it is our desire to develop programs that serve your most important needs. Daniel Kluchinski, Editor Rutgers Cooperative Extension kluchinski@aesop.rutgers.edu

3 TABLE OF CONTENTS MULTI-YEAR RESEARCH PROJECT RESULTS Effects of Row Width and Plant Population on the Performance of Corn Grown for Grain in Maryland R. J. Kratochvil and T. J. Miller Summary p. 1-2 Research Paper p. 3-7 Effects of Row Width and Plant Population on the Performance of Corn Silage in Maryland R. J. Kratochvil and T. J. Miller Summary p. 8-9 Research Paper p Yield and Quality of Potato Leafhopper Resistant Alfalfa Varieties J. W. Singer and J. Ingerson-Mahar Summary p Research Paper p p. 1-7 p p SINGLE-YEAR RESEARCH AND DEMONSTRATIONS A Comparison of Site-Specific Nitrate Testing and Bulked Sample Analysis: Does Site Specific Nutrient Sampling Change the Management Outcome? P. Tocco and D. Lee Development of a Site-Specific Monitoring and Management System for Potato Leafhopper in Alfalfa P. Tocco and D. Lee Soil Phosphorus Status of Southern New Jersey Pastures W. J. Bamka Organic No-Till Grain Rotations R. D. Myers Roundup Ready and Traditional Soybean Variety Performance Trials in Delaware B. Uniatowski, R. W. Taylor and R. P. Mulrooney p p p p p

4 Roundup Ready and Traditional Soybean Variety Performance Trials in Delaware Bob Uniatowski, Field Crops Associate Department of Plant and Soil Sciences University of Delaware, Newark, DE Dr. Richard W. Taylor, Extension Agronomist Department of Plant and Soil Sciences University of Delaware, Newark, DE Robert P. Mulrooney, Extension Plant Pathologist Department of Plant and Soil Sciences University of Delaware, Newark, DE Research Questions Literature Summary Study Description How do commercial and public soybean varieties that express the Roundup Ready trait compare in a single-crop (full-season) and double-crop system with weed control provided by using Roundup Ultra? How do traditional commercial and public soybean varieties compare in a single-crop (fullseason) and double-crop system? How do traditional or Roundup Ready commercial and public soybean cyst nematode (SCN) resistant soybean varieties compare when grown on fields infested with race 3 of the soybean cyst nematode? This is the third year of the Roundup Ready soybean variety evaluations and the second year for SCN-resistant Roundup Ready varieties. For the traditional commercial (private) and public variety trials (SCN and non-scn trials), Delaware has conducted trials and reported the results on an annual basis. All trials were planted in 15-inch rows with 5 to 6 seeds per foot of row. Plots were 5 rows wide and 22.5 long but were trimmed to 18 feet long prior to harvest to remove border effects. A randomized, complete block design with four replications was used. Roundup Ready and traditional varieties were tested at three single-crop locations [Middletown (Matapeake silt loam soil), Georgetown (loamy sand soil), and Selbyville (high organic, black sandy loam soil)] and at two double-crop locations (Middletown and Georgetown). Trials at the Georgetown location were irrigated. This report contains the detailed summary for only the Middletown location for non-scn resistant varieties (Tables 1 to 12) and two Kent County locations [Jackewicz Farms (SCN race 3) and Carlisle Farms (SCN race 1)] for the SCN-resistant varieties (Tables 13 to 22). In each table (Tables 1 to 12), a column labeled 1999 pooled yield average and 1999 pooled rank integrates yield results from all locations and cropping systems to assist in the evaluation of varieties for wide adaptation. In tables for cyst resistant varieties, the SCN reaction is listed and a reproductive index value. Entry of public varieties was supported by a grant from the Delaware Soybean Board. Commercial entries were supported in part by a grant from the Delaware Soybean Board and in part by an entry fee paid by the owner of the variety. 33

5 In the Roundup Ready trials, 54 varieties were tested. In the traditional variety trial, 11 varieties (seven were public varieties) from maturity group III, 28 varieties (16 were public) from maturity group IV, and 17 varieties (13 were public) from maturity group V were tested. In the SCN trials, 11 from group IV and 12 from group V were tested plus in a separate study for SCN resistant Roundup Ready varieties, seven from group III, 22 from group IV, and 12 (only 11 for the race 1 site) from group V were tested. All single-crop trials and the double-crop trial at the Middletown location were planted in a conventionally-prepared seedbed using an Almaco small-plot, cone seeder. Double-crop trials at the Georgetown location were planted with a Great Plains no-till drill with a cone system mounted on the drill. All Roundup Ready trials were sprayed once with Roundup Ultra. Other trials had 1 quart Dual/A plus 6 oz Canopy/A applied for weed control. The Rising Sun location was treated postemergence with 1.6 quart Typhoon/A plus 1 percent v/v crop oil concentrate and the Selbyville location received one postemergence application of Fusion (10 oz/a) plus crop oil concentrate at 1 percent v/v. Near harvest time, lodging ratings, plant height, and maturity date were taken. For SCN-trials, a soil sample was obtained from each plot (bulked across replications) at planting and after harvest. SCN-egg counts were made and a reproductive index calculated. Applied Questions What is the best way to choose a soybean variety with the best chance of it performing well on my farm? For a first step, growers should evaluate their fields and determine if there are special circumstances that should be considered when choosing a variety. Are soybean cyst nematodes present in the field? If so, what race of SCN is present? Will the field be irrigated? What is the major soil type? Are there special problems for that field drought always occur early in the season but late season rains usually occur. The answers to these questions should guide you in evaluating variety trial information. Next, gather as much variety performance information as you can get. Do not limit your evaluation of results to only the location nearest you. A variety that performs well at most or all locations in your state and nearby states is one that is widely adapted and is much more likely to perform well on you farm. In the Delaware trial results, we have begun reporting a pooled yield and yield rank to assist growers in choosing varieties that perform well at many locations. For New Jersey growers, variety information from New Jersey should be evaluated along with data from southeastern Pennsylvania, New York, Maryland, Delaware, eastern Virginia, and commercial company comparisons. Although not all states will evaluate the same varieties, you often can obtain from their reports valuable information that will improve your chances of choosing an outstanding variety. After collecting the information, go through and list varieties that did well at each location for both the current year and for long-term yield averages. Evaluate each list to find the varieties that performed well at many locations and for both current yield performance and long-term yield. Finally, eliminate from the list any varieties that do not fit your special circumstances such as SCN-resistance, suitability for double-cropping, lodging resistance, early maturity, etc. At the end of the process, you should have a short list of varieties that will do well on any of your fields. 34

6 Should I look only at this past year s performance of a variety? No, not if the variety has been in trials for more than one year. Variety development is occurring so rapidly now that a specific variety may not be available for more than a couple of years before a company replaces it with an improved variety. Improved does not always mean the new variety will perform better or even as good as the one it is replacing. Companies base their decisions on results from the majority of their testing locations. Most testing sites are found in the large soybean-producing states. The humid mid-atlantic region can be a difficult, stressful environment for many of these new varieties. For varieties that are new in variety testing programs, you only will be able to use one year s results to evaluate their adaptation to our area. For these, it is very important to choose a variety that does well at numerous locations so it will be as widely adapted as possible. For varieties that have been tested two or more years, you should look for these characteristics: 1. A variety that performed near the top at many locations this past year. 2. A variety with the best long-term yield average at a location nearest you. 3. A variety showing long-term yield averages near the top at many locations. Recommendations How did Roundup Ready varieties perform compared with traditional varieties? Although the trials were conducted in the same locations, the results could not be compared statistically. Yield averages and ranges were compared and indicated that there was little to no difference between Roundup Ready variety yield potential and traditional variety potential except for possible double-cropped beans and for SCN resistant varieties in either SCN race 1 or 3 fields. For non-scn situations, yield averages were 2 bu/a higher for Roundup Ready varieties compared to traditional varieties. Where SCN infested the fields, yield averages for traditional varieties were 6 bu/a higher than yield averages for Roundup Ready varieties. At Middletown in the double-cropped system, Roundup Ready varieties averaged 1.1 bu/a lower than traditional varieties. If the top three yielding varieties for Roundup Ready and traditional were compared for group III and IV beans, the difference was 4.5 bu/a in favor of the traditional varieties. However in most instances, yield drag no longer should be considered a major problem for Roundup Ready varieties. By choosing the top yielding varieties from either the Roundup Ready or the traditional variety category, you will get equivalent yield potential. In 1999, 54 Roundup Ready varieties were tested but only 18 of these had been in the trials in Results for the Roundup Ready, single-crop variety performance trial at the Middletown location are listed in Tables 1 to 6 and results for the double-crop variety performance trials are reported in Tables 7 and 12. Of the 18 tested for two years, the varieties with the best yield averages over two years and that performed well at both locations in 1999 were: 35

7 Group III: Group IV: Group V: Southern States brand RT386 Hytest brand HTS3900RR Hytest brand HTS4000RR* Southern States brand RT466N* Northrup King brand S46-W8* Deltapine brand DP4344RR* Deltapine brand DP4750RR Hytest brand HTS4301RR Clark s brand CL44RR Clark s brand CL42RR Southern States brand RT540N UniSouth brand USG7547RR UniSouth brand USG7577RR* Varieties new (and old) to the trials but ranked at the top when yields were pooled across locations and cropping systems are listed below. Varieties especially suited to double-cropping are noted by a (*) and include in addition to the list Agway brand APK398RR (Group III) and UniSouth brand USG7599NRR (Group V). Group III: Group IV: Agway brand APK394NRR Dekalb brand CX391RR Agway brand APK351NRR Clark s brand CL47NRR* Hytest brand HTS4725RR* Deltapine brand DP4690RR Agway brand APK471NRR UniSouth brand USG7489RR* Pioneer brand 9492RR* Clark s brand CL41NRR UniSouth brand USG7499RR UniSouth brand USG7459 Group V: Pioneer brand 95B53* UniSouth brand USG7509NRR* UniSouth brand USG7428RR* UniSouth brand USG7557RR UniSouth brand USG7548NRR Southern States brand RT557 Southern States brand RT560 what new varieties performed well? Results from the Middletown location for the traditional variety performance trials are shown in Tables 4 to 6 for the single-crop trials and Tables 10 and 12 for the double-crop trials. In the list below, the variety brand and name is followed in parenthesis by the pooled yield average in bushels per acre. Group III: Hytest brand HTS3820 Northrup King brand S38-L5 Agway brand APKX150NSTS Public brand Darby (double-crop only) 36

8 Group IV: Group V: Southern States brand FFR4985STS Clark s brand CL47 Public brand KS4859 Northrup King brand S42-H1 Hytest brand HTSX4610 Public Fowler Hytest brand HTS5005 What varieties in the trials for at least two years performed well? Listed below are varieties that did well at several locations for multiple year yields and in the current year. Group III: Group IV: Group V: Southern States brand HT381STS (Public) General (Public) Saline (Public) Pana Deltapine brand DP3478 Clark s brand CL48 (Public) TN4-94 Southern States brand FFR439 (Public) Ina Southern States brand FFR478N (Public) Delsoy5710 (Public) Wicomico (Public) Accomac (Public) Hutcheson (Public) Delsoy5500 (Public) KS5292 How did soybean cyst nematode (SCN) resistance varieties, traditional and Roundup Ready varieties perform? Detailed information on the performance of traditional varieties is given in Tables 13 and 14 and 18 to 19. Roundup Ready variety performance is reported in Tables 15 to 17 and 20 to 22. The tables include a calculated reproductive index. The smaller the index the greater the reduction in SCN egg numbers by the end of the season. No maturity group III traditional (non-roundup Ready) varieties were tested. For maturity group IV, there were significant differences among varieties for yield, lodging, and plant height (Tables 13 and 18). The best varieties for yield and low reproductive index at the race 3 site were Manokin and Pharaoh. At the race 1 site, the varieties with the best yield and a low reproductive index were LS , Pharaoh, Ina, and Rend. In maturity group V, the best varieties for yield and reproductive index at the race 3 site were Delsoy 5710, Hytest brand HTS5005, Fowler and Accomac and at the race 1 site the best varieties were Accomac, Delsoy 5710, and Fowler. In the Roundup Ready, cyst resistant variety trials, drought conditions caused yield at the Rising Sun location to average 4 bu/a. However, at the Greenwood location, yields averaged 26 bu/a. Using reproductive index and yield (if available) to evaluate varieties, the best group III variety was Dekalb 37

9 brand CX367CRR (Table 15 and 20); the best group IV varieties (Tables 16 and 21) were Southern States brand RT446N (not for SCN race 1 sites), Hytest brand HTS4800RR, UniSouth brand USG7499NRR and USG7478NRR, Pioneer brand 94B01 (not for SCN race 1 sites), and Clark s brand CL47NRR (questionable for reproductive index on SCN race 1 sites); and the best group V varieties (Tables 17 and 22) were UniSouth brand USG7599NRR, and Dekalb brand CX556CRR and CX580CRR (none of these varieties showed a reproductive index below 1 at the SCN race 1 site). Complete results from all the University of Delaware Soybean Performance trials are available on the University of Delaware College of Agriculture and Natural Resources Extension web site. The web site address is: ag.udel.edu/extension/information/varietytrials/index.html. Copies of past and current reports are available from the authors. Write to one of the authors at the Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE or call Bob Uniatowski at (302) or Richard Taylor at (302)

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21 Mention or display of a trademark, proprietary product, or firm in text or figures does not constitute an endorsement by Rutgers Cooperative Extension and does not imply approval to the exclusion of other suitable products or firms. Rutgers Cooperative Extension N. J. Agricultural Experiment Station Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey New Brunswick Distributed in cooperation with U. S. Department of Agriculture in furtherance of the Acts of Congress of May 8 and June 30, Cooperative Extension work in agriculture, family and consumer sciences, and 4-H. Adesoji O. Adelaja, director of Extension. The U. S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, gender, religion, age, disability, political beliefs, sexual orientation, or martial and family status. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Rutgers Cooperative Extension is an Equal Opportunity Employer.