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1 Index Abrams, Creighton, 297 acquisitions, military, 64 66, 68, 308 Active Duty Survey, 250 active-duty component, 30 33, Air Force, 60 62, Air Forces Health Professions Scholarship Program (AFHPSP), reserve enlistments, 243 years of service distribution, allowances, Basic Allowance for Housing (BAH), Basic Allowance for Subsistence (BAS), Overseas Housing Allowance, 40 tax advantage, 40, All-Volunteer Force (AVF) and conscription, 70, 189, 300 costs, 4, 12, 268, demographics, experience profile, 145, 148 imbalances, 2 3, 6 numbers of, 11, See also assignment system Annualized Cost-of-Leaving (ACOL) Models, 257 appropriations, military, Armed Forces Qualification Test (AFQT), 30, 119 Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery, 31 Army, 60, College First, 123, 261 location-specific reenlistment bonus (LSRB), 141 Officer Personnel Management System XXI (OPMS XXI), promotion system, tooth-to-tail ratio, 297 Aspin, Les, 282 Assignment Incentive Pay (AIP), 141, 260 assignment system, 19 20, 31 33, , 314 auction system, 141, incentives, , 142 officers, 15 16, 56, 67, 108, and professional allegiance, 108 survey to evaluate, 254 tour length, , authorizations, Congressional, Aviation Career Incentive Pay (ACIP), 41, 48 Aviation Continuation Pay (ACP), 41

2 PRO=ö=ÑáääáåÖ=íÜÉ=ê~åâë= Basic Allowance for Housing (BAH), Basic Allowance for Subsistence (BAS), basic pay, 18, 39 benefits, See also health care; in-kind benefits; retirement system bonuses, 128 Career Status Bonus, 41 Critical Skills Retention Bonus (CSRB), 41 Enlistment Bonus Experiment, hiring bonus, 75 location-specific reenlistment bonus (LSRB), 141 recruitment, 41, 48, 174 retention, Selective Reenlistment Bonus (SRB), 41, 48, 142 broadband pay structures, 73 74, 76, 89 budget process, Congressional, bureaucratization, 98 99, Bush, George W., 307 Buyer, Steve, 278 cafeteria plans, 82 83, , evaluation of, 254, retirees, 208 career paths, 88 90, career force, , , 258, 319 commissioned officers, 15 16, 33, , 320 (career paths, cont.) and compensation, 129, , 161 enlisted personnel, ê~åç study, recommendations, retention costs, spouses, technical, See also promotion system; retirement system career planning, Career Status Bonus, 41 cash compensation, 71, centralization, effect on innovation, child care assistance, 82, 193, , Chu, David S.C., 13, 233 civilian employers. See private sector cliff vesting, 50, See also retirement system College First program, 123, 261 combat arms specialists, combat simulation, 295 combat unit replacement, 291 commissaries, 203, 211, 218 commissioned officers, 11, 32 33, , assignment rotation, 15 16, 56, 67, 108, career force, , , 258, 319 career paths, 15 16, 33, , 320 in decentralized forces, joint requirements, 15, 147 professional allegiance, 104, 108, 110, 117

3 áåçéñ=ö=prp= (commissioned officers, cont.) promotion, 36 39, ranks and pay grades, status hierarchy, warrant officers, 11, 33, 90, , 318 See also professionalism; upor-out system competition for jurisdiction, organizational, See also private sector Congress, Congressional Budget Office (CBO), 270 conscription, 70, 189, 300 See also All-Volunteer Force (AVF) contractors, 5 6, , 308 Critical Skills Retention Bonus (CSRB), 41 Danzig, Richard, 119 decentralized military, 60 68, air force, 61 62, ground force, 62 63, 66 and officer rotation, 67 and technology, Defense Enrollment Eligibility Reporting System (DEERS), 225 Defense Integrated Manpower and Human Resource System (DIMHRS), Defense Manpower Commission (DMC), , 160 Defense Officer Personnel Management Act (DOPMA) of 1980, 36, Defense Travel System (DTS), 284 Department of Defense (DoD), 11, 70, , appropriations, 200, 210 budget, 12, 268, career proposals, 90 direct cash proposals, DoDEA (Education Activity), 238 leadership structure of, non-cash proposals, 85 QRMC, 266 retirement proposals, 88 Department of Education, 200 Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), 191, 200, 210 dependents, 82 dependency differential, of reservists, 174 See also family support and services deployment pay, Desert One, 300 Desert Storm, 220 See also Gulf War development and procurement, military, 64 66, 68 direct cash, 71, distributed military. See decentralized military Domestic Violence Task Force, 221 downsizing, military, 257 dual-ladder career, duty MOS qualification (DMOSQ), 181

4 PRQ=ö=ÑáääáåÖ=íÜÉ=ê~åâë= E-10 pay grade proposal, 89, 137 education, of children in military families, of commissioned officers, 32 community colleges, 125 Department of Defense Education Activity, 228 GI Bill, 192, as in-kind benefit, 84, 192 overseas, 218 spouses, 222 Veterans' Educational Assistance Program, 244 See also training Educational Assistance Test Program, 244 Eisenhower, Dwight D., , 282 end-strength, 186 enlisted personnel, 11 age comparison with civilians, 335 bonus system, 128 career paths, entry pay, images of, married, 336 promotion, ranks and pay grades, service terms, training, up-or-out points, 341 enlistment. See recruitment Enlistment Bonus Experiment, entitlements, 269 equity, 72 73, , 301 evaluation of programs and innovations, , Active Duty Survey, 250 AFHPSP survey, assignment auction system, assignment rotation, 254 cafeteria plans, career force, 258 College First, 261 continuum of service, 254 education benefits, Enlistment Bonus Experiment, equity concerns, experiments, 64 66, 68, , 308 focus groups, funding, historical data, home-schooled youth program, 261 incentive pay, 262 to inform implementation, and measurement, 294 pilot programs, policy experiments, reserve enlistments, simulations, , surveys, travel card program, Youth Attitude Tracking Survey, 251 experience profile, 145, 148 experimentation. See evaluation of programs and innovations

5 áåçéñ=ö=prr= family support and services, 23 25, , child care assistance, 82, 193, , demographics, dependency differential, education, Employee Assistance Program, 229 evaluation, Family Readiness Activity, Flexible Spending Accounts, formal and informal support, health care, 219, housing, , 222 information provision, 227 off-base, , for reservists, spouses, 222, support programs, war-time, See also In-kind benefits Federal Employees Health Benefits Program (FEHBP), 237 Flexible Spending Accounts (FSAs), GI Bill, 192, Goldwater, Barry, 282, 283 Goldwater-Nichols Act of 1986, 15, 147, , Gordon, Guy, 151 Grenada, 300 ground forces, 60, See also Army Gulf War, 220 private sector delivery of services, 5 reservists in, , 260 health care, 219, cafeteria plans, 207 as in-kind benefit, , 195 for reservists, 174, retirees, 304 Tricare, 174, , 237, hierarchy, status, high-year-of-tenure rules, 9, 341 high-three rule, 41 House Armed Services Committee (HASC), 270 housing, allowances, cash benefit proposal, family, 192, , 222 and reservists, 172 tax advantage, 45 46, 206 imbalances, staffing, 2 3, 6 incentive pay, 41 42, assignment, 41, 48, 141, deployment, reservists, 174, 177, 262 skill-based, special, 41, 48 incentives, assignment system, , 142 intangible rewards, private sector, 76 78, 80 retirement, 52 training, 123, 138 unexpected rewards,

6 PRS=ö=ÑáääáåÖ=íÜÉ=ê~åâë= Individual Mobilization Augmentee (IMA) program, 183 in-kind benefits, 22 23, 83 85, , cafeteria plans, , , 254 cash benefit proposal, and conscription, 189 costs, education as, 84, 192 evaluation of, family and childcare, 82, 193, health insurance, , 195 housing, 45 46, 192, , inflexibility, married and single servicemembers, 192, monopoly provision and competition, 203, 211 morale, welfare, and recreation (MWR) programs, 82, 193, 196, 200 private sector, 71, rationale, and retention, 197 retirement system, 192 as rewards, 115 targeted, tax benefits, 195 innovation, military. See military innovation intangible rewards, , , involuntary separation, 38 39, 52 53, , 162 See also up-or-out system Iraq distributed forces, 63 and military families, numbers of servicemembers in, 4, 7 private sector/soldier ratio in, 5, 308 reservists in, 20, 33, 170, 175, 320 and retention, 170 Scud missiles, 57 information technology (IT) sector, Jeremiah, David, 13 joint service, 15, 147, 292 Kinnard, Harry, 295 lateral entry, 46 47, 75 76, 315 and training, 128 and up-or-out rules, leadership, reform, 285 lobbying, 287 location-specific reenlistment bonus (LSRB), 141 longevity of tenure, 46 47, 86 See also up-or-out system McCain, John, 278 Marine Corps promotion, 133 years of service distribution, married servicemembers, , 325, 336 See also family support and services

7 áåçéñ=ö=prt= military associations, Military Coalition, The, 278 military innovation, competition, external shocks, resistance to, , service cultures, simulations, stealth tactics, military occupational specialties (MOS), 181 Military Spouse Preference Program, 232 Moffett, William, 298 Montgomery GI Bill, 192, morale, welfare, and recreation (MWR) programs, 82, 193, 196, 200 motivation, intrinsic, , multiple pay structures, Mundy, Carl, 325 National Guard, 20 21, 33, See also Reserve components Navy, 298 Assignment Incentive Pay (AIP), 141, Career Selection System, promotion, 133, 150 Revolution in Training, sea duty credit, single sailors, 327 Tech Prep, 123 Navy Personnel Act, 150 Nichols, Bill, 282, 283 See also Goldwater-Nichols Act Nixon, Richard M., 300 non-cash compensation. See inkind benefits Nunn, Sam, 151, , 159, 160, 282, 283 Office of Management and Budget (OMB), 272 Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD), 271 Officer Grade Limitation Act of 1954, Officer Personnel Act of 1947 (OPA 47), 8 9, 150 Officer Personnel Management System XXI (OPMS XXI), officers. See commissioned officers; warrant officers Operation Desert Storm. See Desert Storm Opposition Force, 295 outsourcing, 116 contractors, 5 6, , 308 cost savings, 139 of training, See also private sector Overseas Housing Allowance, 40 overstaffing, 2 3 participation pay, pay grades, 35 37, 89, 129, 133, 137 enlisted, officer, pay raises, 3 4

8 PRU=ö=ÑáääáåÖ=íÜÉ=ê~åâë= pay structure, 18 19, 74 basic pay, 18, 39, 172 broadband, 73 74, 76 dependency differential, enlisted members, 15 entry pay, external and internal equity, housing and subsistence allowances, 39 40, 45 46, 172 longevity, performance incentives, 47 48, 76 78, 80 reservists, 21, 42, retirement, and service hierarchy, skill-based, 79 80, special and incentive pay, 41 42, 48, 79, 174, supply-and-demand, pay table, performance incentives. See incentives permanent change of station (PCS), 32, 249 pilot programs, policy experiments, President's Commission on Military Compensation (PCMC), , 160 private sector practices, 69 91, cafeteria plans, 82 83, career planning and development, cash compensation, (private sector practices, cont.) external equity, gain sharing, 78 incentives, 76 78, 80 non-cash compensation, 71, opportunity cost, 104, 106 and professional allegiance, 104 retirement, skill-based pay, training, , See also outsourcing; pay structure professionalism, versus bureaucratization, 98 99, and career patterns, 97 99, and compensation, and intangible rewards, , , jurisdiction, 95, status hierarchy, 96 97, technological advances, proficiency pay, 173, 182 promotion system, 34 39, assignment rotation, 15 16, 108 career force proposals, , , 258, 319 pay grades, 133 and performance, reservists, 182 and retention, 36, , 136 See also retirement system

9 áåçéñ=ö=prv= Quadrennial Review of Military Compensation (QRMC), 266 ê~åç studies, 155, , ranks, 35 36, 89 commissioned officers, 339 enlisted, 337 and pay structure, retention, 2 3, 6 See also promotion system Ready Reserve Mobilization Income Insurance Program, 260 recommendations decisionmaking, 329 direct cash, enlisted careers, 90, 317 family services, 326 in-kind benefits, 85, 324 officer career patterns, 90, 320 private sector practices, 311 reserve compensation, 322 retirement, 88 recreation, 82, 193, 196, 200 recruitment incentive pays and bonuses, 41, 48, 174, labor pool, 309, 313 market shrinkage, 121 and private sector training, reservists, and retirement benefits, 51 Youth Attitude Tracking Survey, 251 See also retention Redux retirement system, 41, 135, 275, reenlistment, bonus system, 128 location-specific reenlistment bonus (LSRB), 141 Selective Reenlistment Bonus (SRB), 41, 48, 142 See also retention relocation assistance, reserve components (RC), 20 21, 33 34, , 334 and civilian employers, , 187 compensation system, 21, 42, , , continuum of service, 183, 254 end-strength limits, 186 enlistment lengths, evaluation of proposals, , , 322 family support, in Gulf War, , 260 health care, housing allowance, 172 income loss, , 260 individualized career paths, 116 involuntary call-up, in Iraq, 20, 33, 170, 175, 320 participation pay, promotion, 182 retention, retirement system, 42, , 186 Selected Reserve, 171 special and incentive pay, 174, 177, 262 training, , 181 Tricare, 174,

10 PSM=ö=ÑáääáåÖ=íÜÉ=ê~åâë= Reserve Officer Training Corps (ROTC), 32 retention, 2 3, 6 commissioned officers, 16 incentive pay and bonuses, 41, 48, 75, , 174 and in-kind benefits, 197 and Iraq war, 170 and lateral entry, 128 and longevity, 46 non-cash compensation, professional allegiance, 104 and promotion, 36, , 136 reservists, and retirement system, 51, 87, 129, , 157, 166, See also recruitment retirement system, 16 18, 40 41, and cafeteria plans, 208 Career Status Bonus, 41 health care entitlement, 304 and involuntary separation, , 162 and longevity, 46, 86 motivation, private sector, recruiting and retention, 51, 87, 129, , 157, 166, Redux system, 41, 135, 275, reservists, 42, , 186 Thrift Savings Plan, 87 88, 136, 192 vesting, 50, 86 87, voluntary retirement, , 166 rotation, assignment, 15 16, 31 33, 56, 108 See also assignment system Rumsfeld, Donald, 4, 5, 13, 145, 146, 180, 288, 307 Schlesinger, James, 294, 297 school system, military, See also education; training sea duty credit, Selective Reenlistment Bonus (SRB), 41, 48, 142 Senate Armed Services Committee (SASC), 270 separation, involuntary, 38 39, 52 53, , 162 See also up-or-out system service associations, severance pay, single servicemembers, 192, 219, 251, 327, 336 skills, compensation for, imbalances, 2 3, 6 and recruit assignment, 31 skill-based pay, 79 80, training, Social Compact, , Special Duty Assignment Pay (SDAP), 41, 48 spouses acculturation process, 218 careers and employment, 222, 226, Military Spouse Preference Program, 232 staffing imbalance, 2 3, 6 surveys, tangible rewards, 94,

11 áåçéñ=ö=psn= taxes, and housing allowance, 45 46, 206 and in-kind benefits, 195 monopoly providers, 203, 211 taxpayer costs, 330 Thrift Savings Plan (TSP), 87 88, 136, 192 training, 31 32, , 313 and compensation, costs, 122, dissatisfaction with, evaluation of, 255 as incentive, 123, 138 outsourcing of, in private sector, , reservists, , 181 See also education travel card program, Travel System, Defense, 284 Tricare, 174, , 237, Uniformed Services Pay Act of 1981, 244 unit cohesion, 43 up-or-out system, 9, 17, 37, 314 and career force, , 319 and command authority, 137 (up-or-out system, cont.) Defense Officer Personnel Management Act, enlisted points, 341 individualized career paths, 116 lateral entrants, longevity of tenure, 46 47, 86 mandatory retirement, 52 in Navy, 150 private sector, vacancy-driven system, 36 Van Zandt amendment of 1954, 152 vesting, 50, 86 87, 157, veterans, Veterans' Educational Assistance Program (VEAP), 244 Warner, John, 278 warrant officers, 11, 33, 90, , 318 weapons of mass destruction (WMD), 61 Westmoreland, William, 300 White, John P., 154 Youth Attitude Tracking Survey (YATS), 251