The New Zealand Health Insurance Regulations (LAP)

Transcription

1 Summary of Background Information for Draft Dunedin Local Alcohol Policy This policy is to be read in conjunction with the Sale and Supply of Alcohol Act 2012 and the Sale and Supply of Alcohol Regulations INTRODUCTION The Sale and Supply of Alcohol Act 2012 (the Act) was enacted in December 2012 and establishes a national framework for regulating the sale, supply and consumption of alcohol in New Zealand. The object of the Act is more specific than it was previously. It now states that the sale, supply and consumption of alcohol should be undertaken safely and responsibly and that the harm caused by the excessive or inappropriate consumption of alcohol should be minimised. Harm, for the purposes of the Act, is defined as including any crime, damage, death, disease, disorderly behaviour, illness or injury directly or indirectly contributed to, by the excessive or inappropriate consumption of alcohol to any individual, the community or society generally. The Act now requires all applications made in a local authority s district to be determined by district licensing committees (DLCs) established for this purpose. The new Alcohol Regulatory and Licensing Authority (ARLA) will consider appeals against decisions of DLCs as well as any applications made by the Police or Licensing Inspector resulting from a breach of the Act by a licensee or manager. Territorial authorities are able to develop local alcohol policies (LAPs), which the Act requires ARLA and DLCs to have regard to in making decisions pursuant to the Act. This statutory recognition of LAPs allows local authorities, in consultation with their communities and stakeholders, to have greater influence over their local licensed environments. While not mandatory, the Dunedin City Council has decided to develop a LAP and in doing so, give the Dunedin community the opportunity to have a say on how they believe the sale, supply and consumption of alcohol should be undertaken in the district. Decisions made locally by the DLC and ARLA will be guided by the LAP. Dunedin has a vision of being one of the world s great small cities. It has created several policies and strategies with the aim of meeting this vision and the LAP will contribute by complementing Council strategies. Two of the strategies have aspects that may be linked to the purpose and object of the Sale and Supply of Alcohol Act The Social Wellbeing Strategy goals include: A connected people Vibrant and cohesive communities Healthy and safe people A reasonable standard of living for all Affordable and healthy homes 2. The Economic Strategy looks to encourage economic prosperity through: Creating a city that is attractive Balancing the need for regulation with a business friendly ethos 1.1 Impact of Alcohol in Dunedin Alcohol in the community provides some benefits but it also comes with a cost, especially when it is consumed excessively or inappropriately. Benefits The production, availability and consumption of alcohol in our community has become widespread. Alcohol is used to celebrate occasions and events in our lives, provides 1

2 employment in the city along with associated benefits, and it is believed by many to have health benefits. Economic Benefits In Dunedin the visitor industry accounts for 3,250 full time equivalent (FTE) positions (6.5% of total employment for the city) and generates $210 million in value added income. The strongest area of this sector is accommodation, cafes and restaurants making up nearly 40% (1,300 FTE) of the total ( Dunedin Visitor Strategy , July 2008). Social Benefits When it is used in moderation, alcohol is noted for its positive effects on people such as being able to get livelier easier and relaxed more quickly ( Hard to swallow, Bowden, J., January 3-9, 2009, New Zealand Listener, Vol 217. No 3582). For many, alcohol is a symbol of hospitality. It is used in the celebration of important events such as birthdays, weddings, funerals and christenings. It is also becoming a part of everyday life with a large part of the community drinking for no special reason. Health Benefits There is no evidence indicating any real benefit in drinking alcohol but there is a perception, based on old research, that there is a positive effect from moderate consumption in some limited age groups. Costs The costs of excessive or inappropriate alcohol consumption are twofold: problems caused by drunkenness at the time of drinking or soon after; and the long-term effects of heavy drinking over a long period of time. In New Zealand alcohol was directly related to 3.9% of the total deaths in the year 2000, or about 1040 people ( The burden of death, disease and disability due to alcohol in New Zealand, Connor J, et al, ALAC, Wellington, 2005). The following graph summarises the tangible costs of harmful drug use by cost type to the New Zealand community. A tangible cost reflects the productive resources diverted due to harmful drug use. For the 2005/06 year this totalled $4,562 million. Alcohol was responsible for 68% of these costs. Tangible costs of harmful drug use by cost type Health $428.2M Road $209.4M Lost output $1951.6M Crime $1111.4M Drug prod'n $861.0M Source: BERL Health While there has been evidence of a link between moderate drinking and a reduced risk of heart disease from about the age of 40 years, the overall health impact of drinking any 2

3 alcohol is negative and may lead to various alcohol-related illnesses including liver disease and cancer (Prof. Rod Jackson from the School of Population Health, University of Auckland, NZ Herald, 15 June 2010). This cost is seen in deaths and alcohol use disorders which are a burden on the health system. Injury Research has determined that alcohol consumption increases the risk of a wide range of injuries and the risks increase as the quantity consumed increases. The leading cause of mortality in year-olds in New Zealand is injury, accounting for three quarters of deaths. Road traffic crashes account for over half of all injury deaths and a third of hospitalisations. Data collected from the Emergency Department of Dunedin Hospital during 2012 showed 1,412 presentations had alcohol as a contributing factor, with the majority appearing between midnight and 4.00 am. The following chart shows the nature of these alcoholrelated presentations: Nature of alcohol related presentations Acute intox 14% Other illness 22% Mental or behaviour disorder 3% Injury 61% Source: The Impact of Alcohol on the Health of Southern Communities, Public Health South, July 2013 Mental Health Research has shown there are strong links between the use (and abuse) of alcohol and other drugs, and mental distress. Alcohol can intensify mental health problems such as increasing the risk of suicide. Sexual Health Alcohol use can make people irresponsible, which can lead to unwanted and risky sexual behaviour such as unprotected/unwanted sex that, in turn, can lead to unplanned pregnancy and the contraction of sexually transmitted diseases. Crime Police data from 2007 showed that alcohol was involved in 60% of all reported incidents; 77% of street disorder and fighting offences; and 40% of serious assaults. In 2012 it was estimated that 18% of the Police budget was used to address alcohol-related crime. Environmental and Science Research (ESR) has said that alcohol is the number one drug associated with date rape. 1.2 Dunedin residents opinions There have been several surveys undertaken in Dunedin that give an insight to the views of Dunedin people to alcohol The Quality of Life Survey asks people from the six main city centres of NZ questions about their quality of life. One section asks about alcohol and drugs in their city. The 2012 results show that 80% of Dunedin respondents viewed alcohol and drugs as a problem (either a big problem or a bit of a problem). This was the highest of the six cities, with Christchurch next at 75%. 3

4 The full report from the survey can be viewed at: The DCC People s Panel was surveyed about their attitudes to alcohol in This Panel is made up of people who are interested in having their say on Dunedin matters. Some of the results are: Statement Agree Neutral or Strongly Agree (%) Intoxication and drunkenness is not acceptable 69% 13% Alcohol is too readily available 66% 18% Public place drinking of alcohol should be restricted 73% 8% The DCC should restrict the number of alcohol outlets 63% 15% Significant amounts of alcohol harm linked to pubs and bars 70% 20% One-way doors should be required for pubs and bars 67% 14% There should be more restrictions on the trading hours for pubs and bars 47% 45% There should be more restrictions on the trading hours of grocery stores There should be more restrictions on the trading hours of supermarkets Have been witness to fighting by intoxicated/drunk people in the previous year 61% 32% 44% 45% 62% - Have witnessed people urinating in public in the previous year 76% - Have witnessed someone passed out or visibly intoxicated in the previous year 79% The Dunedin City Council s Residents Opinion Survey (ROS) is used to gauge the Dunedin community s thoughts on the city in which they live. While there were no specific questions about alcohol respondents made a number of unprompted comments relating to alcohol in the city. Some of the comments support vibrancy in the town centre at night but the majority of the comments talk about feeling unsafe after pm, especially at the weekends, because of the drunkenness and alcohol-related violence. They ask for the Council to do things such as: get tough on the booze culture ; reduce the trading hours of premises; and take the emphasis off the drinking culture. The full ROS report can be found at: The report for the People s Panel Attitudes to Alcohol survey can be found at: data/assets/pdf_file/0006/439521/residents-opinion- Survey-2014-Final-Report.pdf 2 WHAT CAN A LAP COVER? HOW IS A LAP DEVELOPED? The Act prescribes how the LAP must be developed and what it may contain. In particular, the Act: Outlines the matters the local authority must have regard to in developing the LAP; 4

5 Limits the contents of a LAP to licensing matters specified in the Act; Requires the local authority to consult the Police, Medical Officers of Health and Licensing Inspectors before producing a draft LAP; States that once a draft policy has been developed, the local authority must give public notice of the draft policy and use the special consultative process to consult the public; and that Once the special consultative process is completed, the draft LAP must be publicly notified as a Provisional LAP. Once the provisional LAP has been notified, those who made a submission during the consultation process may appeal the provisional policy on the ground that it is unreasonable in light of the object of the Act, which is stated in section 4: (a) the sale, supply, and consumption of alcohol should be undertaken safely and responsibly; and (b) the harm caused by the excessive or inappropriate consumption of alcohol should be minimised. Any appeals are considered by ARLA which may reject the appeal or direct the local authority to reconsider that part of the provisional LAP if it is found to be contrary to the object of the Act. 2.1 Matters to be considered during the development of the LAP a) Objectives and Policies of the Dunedin District Plan The Dunedin District Plan has as its ultimate goal the sustainable management of the natural and physical resources of Dunedin. It applies to all users of the land within the Council s district boundaries and the effects of any proposed activities on the immediate environment. To assist in this, the district is divided into zones depending on the predominant activity of the area. The main zones include: Central Activity Zone the main business area of the city; Local Activity Zones the suburban shopping centres; Campus Zone the area surrounding and including the tertiary institutions; Industrial Zones areas used primarily for industrial activity; Large Scale Retail Zone areas that contain large scale retail stores; and Residential Zones areas used for residential activity. This is further divided into five zones, depending on the density of the activity. The current District Plan treats the sale of alcohol differently for different activity zones. There are no restrictions in the Central and Local Activity Zones, which means a person or company wishing to establish a licensed premises can do so as of right so far as the District Plan is concerned. The District Plan is currently being reviewed and will be replaced with a second generation District Plan.This will better define the various zones and the rules that will apply. There will be more emphasis on the predominant activity in the area. Areas in which the sale of alcohol is not permitted require resource consent so affected parties have an opportunity to make submissions on proposed activities during this process. b) Numbers, locations, hours and types of licensed premises in the district The following table provides a breakdown of the numbers of the various premises type in Dunedin at 30 June

6 On-licence premises Hotel 31 Tavern 61 Restaurant 65 Café 50 Function 17 Entertainment venue 15 Other 5 BYO 4 Caterer 7 Off-licence Bottle store 25 Supermarket 13 Grocery 10 Hotel/Tavern 33 Internet based 3 Auctioneer 2 Club 2 Other 6 Club licence 89 TOTAL 438 c) Alcohol Restriction Bylaw Dunedin has the Liquor (Control of Liquor in Public Places) Bylaw 2004 that took effect on 8 July It was reviewed in 2013 and was still found to be the most appropriate way of controlling alcohol in public places. The area covered by the bylaw is depicted in the following map: Map: Area covered by the Liquor (Control of Liquor in Public Places) Bylaw 2004 Consideration was given to extending the provisions of the bylaw to North Dunedin. However, at the time it was not considered appropriate. 6

7 d) Dunedin s demographics Dunedin has population of 120,246 at the 2013 census. Of these there are about 25,000 students attending the tertiary institutions. This means a higher than average proportion of people in the year old age group. The following table shows the age distribution of Dunedin residents compared to the New Zealand average. 16 Age Distribution (2013 census) Percentage Dun edin NZ Age Group Almost half (45.3%) of the year age group live in a small area north of the Octagon as shown in the following map: 7

8 The data is taken from the 2006 census results and is broken down to mesh block level. The average annual income for people aged 15 years and older is only $23,300 compared to $28,500 for this age group throughout New Zealand and 44.8% have an annual income of $20,000 or less, compared with 38.2% for New Zealand as a whole. This is skewed because of the high number of low-earning tertiary students in Dunedin. e) Tourism in Dunedin Dunedin had 788,883 commercial visitor nights in Dunedin in the year ending May This was made up of 297,627 international and 491,255 domestic visitor nights. f) Overall health indicators for Dunedin Alcohol is enjoyed by many responsible drinkers for its positive effects. However, alcohol is still a toxic substance with the potential to cause both immediate health harm, such as alcohol poisoning, and longer-term health harms such as alcohol dependence, liver disease and a range of cancers ( Alcohol in our live: An issues paper on the reform of New Zealand s Liquor Laws (NZLC IP15). Law Commission, Wellington, 2009). Intoxication also increases the risk of injury, both intentional and unintentional. The Southern District Health Board (SDHB) prepared a report ( The Impact of Alcohol on the Health of Southern Communities: A Report to Inform the Development of Local Alcohol Policies by Southern District Councils, Public Health South, July 2013) when the Act received the Royal Assent. They report that in the 2011/2012 New Zealand Health Survey results, it was found that: A quarter of Southern District residents are hazardous drinkers, where hazardous drinking refers to an established drinking pattern that carries a risk of harming physical or mental health, or having harmful social effects to the drinker or others. We have the highest prevalence of hazardous drinking among all District Health Board regions, and a statistically significantly higher prevalence than the national average (25.1% versus 17.0%). Looking at the lifestyle of people in the SDHB area, 88.6% of the population selfreported excellent, very good or good health in the 2011/12 New Zealand Health Survey. This is down significantly from the previous survey. The southern population has a higher than average prevalence of meeting physical activity guidelines but almost a third of the population is obese. The SDHB area also has a higher prevalence of smoking than the national average. Compared to the national average (199.5 per population) Otago has a higher rate of alcohol-related hospital admissions for young people aged years (215.3 per ). In terms of medical conditions, the Otago district does not significantly differ from national averages and there have been no significant changes over time. However, we have a significantly higher prevalence of psychological distress compared with the national average (8.2% versus 5.7%) and a higher prevalence of diagnosed common mental disorder. Of the wholly alcohol-attributable patient episodes at the Dunedin hospital, alcohol poisoning has been significantly increasing across all age groups over the last five years with the sharpest increase in the year old age group. During a ten-month period studied by the SDHB for the report, they conservatively estimate that alcohol-attributable presentations at the three hospitals in their area cost more than $1.4 million in care alone. However, there are many other conditions partially attributable to alcohol, e.g., cancers, liver disease and accidents, that are not so easily measured. The true 8

9 impact of alcohol in term of acute and chronic health conditions and injuries will be much higher. The Dunedin hospital reports that the highest number of alcohol-related presentations occur between midnight and 4.00 am with the year age group the most common. A survey of health professionals and related organisations was undertaken and had 227 responses from the Dunedin area. In the Dunedin area, 92% of the respondents indicated that alcohol-related problems are evident in the Dunedin area. About 85% believed there were major or severe alcohol-related problems in the year age group and 62% indicated problems in people under the age of 18 years. In comparison, respondents said about 20% of tourists and domestic visitors to the city had major or severe alcohol-related problems. The full report can be viewed at: g) The nature and severity of alcohol-related problems in the district Research and Police data list the following as examples typical alcohol-related harms: Grievous assaults Serious assaults Minor assaults Intimidation/threats Driving under the influence Crimes against privacy Sexual affronts Sexual assaults Rape Domestic disputes/violence Disorder Fighting Breaches of the peace Unlawful assembly Public intoxication The Dunedin Police have stated that the Central Business District (CBD) is the key area for alcohol-related calls for service with calls to fights, disorder, assaults and breaches of the peace being the most common. The areas immediately outside licensed premises regularly feature in the calls for service because of rejected or evicted patrons and unruly queues waiting to gain admission. An analysis of police data in 2010 indicates that the later the time of night becomes, the more serious the offences become, and the age of offenders increases. The analysis shows that 73% of those arrested for violence offences and 93% arrested for disorderly offences were affected by alcohol. 3 MATTERS TO CONSIDER IN LAP 3.1 Location of new licensed premises and outlet density An application for a new alcohol licence must be accompanied by a certificate from the Dunedin City Council s Planning Department stating that the activity at that location meets the requirements of the Resource Management Act 1991 (RMA) and the Dunedin District Plan. When considering the activity under the RMA, an assessment is done on the effects the activity will have on the environment in which it will be situated. Environment includes the ecosystems and their constituent parts (including people and communities), all natural and physical resources, amenity values and the social, economic, aesthetic, and cultural conditions which affect the matters stated above. Currently there is no restriction on the general location of licensed premises in the Dunedin district and it proposed that this should not change. Licensed premises are permitted only in 9

10 the Central Activity Zone and Local Activity Zones as defined in the District Plan. For a premises to be established in any other area requires resource consent. Research has demonstrated that the greater the density of alcohol outlets, the greater the incidence of alcohol-related problems ( Alcohol outlet density and university student drinking: a national study, Kypri K, Bell ML, Hay GC, Baxter J, Addiction 2008, July, 103(7)). Another piece of research considered the locally specific impacts of outlets in the North Island of New Zealand. In the research they looked at the relationship between the density of the various alcohol outlet types and social harms (different types of police event and motor vehicle crashes) over a five-year period. They found that bar and nightclub density had the greatest effect on the areas considered; licensed clubs and other on-licence premises had a significant relationship; and supermarket and grocery store density had a significant impact on some police events. The full report can be viewed at: Outlet density has not been considered in the past because the Council had no ability to refuse a licence if a certificate accompanied it from the Planning Department stating it meet the requirements of the RMA and District Plan. While the evidence indicates increased alcohol outlet density increases the levels of alcoholrelated harm, Dunedin does not have many new premises opening, and those that are tend to be café and restaurant style premises that are considered a low risk of harm. Most new licences issued are for premises changing ownership with the style of premises remaining the same. It is not proposed to regulate outlet density in this policy. The Dunedin District Plan regulates where new licensed premises may be located in relation to the predominant land use of an area. In considering a licence application the DLC must consider the amenity and good order of a locality so the impact of a new premises would be assessed separately to this policy. 3.2 Location of premises in relation to other premises or facilities This has not been considered in the past because of the RMA process mentioned in the previous section. There is little research available that considers the proximity of licensed premises to schools and other sensitive facilities. However, to address the issue of the exposure of alcohol and the effects of alcohol use on young people and other vulnerable members in society, it is suggested that new licences will not be granted for a premises that is near to or adjacent to any school, early childhood facility or other sensitive facility. To avoid any misinterpretation, near to or adjacent to will be defined as being within 100m of the nearest boundary to the school, early childhood facility or other sensitive facility, e.g., places of worship, social agencies, etc. 3.3 Trading hours On-licence premises The national default trading hours for on-licence premises as defined in the Act are: Monday to Sunday 8.00 am to 4.00 am the following day. Some premises in the central city traded beyond this time and were re-issued licences stating the new closing time that took effect from 18 December

11 The Police have recommended a closing time of 3.00 am based on their offence data which shows that while offending peaks between midnight and 4.00 am, offences reported after 3.00 am tend to be of a more serious nature. Research from Norway has shown that for every hour beyond midnight that a licensed premises is open there is a 16% increase in violent incidents. A similar study in Western Australia had similar results. The Norwegian report can be viewed at: The hospitality industry believes such a closing time will create issues in the street when everyone leaves premises at the same time. However, the 4.00 am closing has the same effect but an hour later and this has not been met with the predicted chaos on the streets. Instead there has been a decrease in the incidence of alcohol-related harm. Before the new Act some districts in New Zealand reduced their on-licence closing times to 3.00 am. The Police in those areas reported a significant decrease in the reported alcoholrelated harm and the problems some people suggested would occur did not eventuate. The Medical Officer of Health has recommended a 2.00 am closing time. This results from their assessment of both the objective of the Act and the hospital data collected for the report mentioned earlier. The link to their report is on page 9 above. Research has indicated that increased availability of alcohol increases alcohol-related harm. The assumption is that decreasing availability will decrease the harm. Availability can be influenced by price and the hours during which people may purchase or be supplied alcohol. During their survey of people involved in the health sector in Dunedin, 80% believed that the current availability of alcohol from licensed premises significantly contributed to the alcoholrelated problems in the district. Dunedin currently has several premises that regularly trade beyond 3.00 am. While an earlier closing time is recommended by the Medical Officer of Health, Police have evidence to demonstrate that changing closing times to 3.00 am from 4 am does reduce alcohol-related harm Use of public footpath space Some licensed premises have permits to occupy part of the footpath in front of their premises. They place tables and chairs so patrons can enjoy alfresco dining. A condition of the permit is that patrons must be seated at a table. However, later into evening these spaces are used by people to drink only, often standing in groups. Outdoor areas have not been licenced. The central city is covered by a liquor restriction bylaw that prohibits the consumption of alcohol in public places so it is proposed to redefine the licences of premises to include the area used outside. Some premises have queues of people waiting to gain admission and these queues sometimes form beside the people drinking outside the premises. The police advise that this has the potential to cause, and does cause, conflict between those drinking and those queuing to drink. It is suggested that outside areas are licensed until pm. After this time the outside areas will no longer be licensed so any person consuming alcohol will be in breach of the liquor restriction by-law. The purpose of this is to remove the source of conflict in an effort to reduce alcohol-related harm. 11

12 3.3.3 Club licensed premises Most clubs with alcohol licences are situated on reserve land in the suburbs and are associated with various sporting codes. In the past clubs have been able to trade later than suburban taverns and, in some areas, this has led to clubs becoming defacto taverns. Clubs have slightly different regulations because they are not selling or supplying alcohol to members of the public. For example, there is no requirement to have a certified manager present when alcohol is available to members and they are not required to have a designation. This leads to situations where alcohol-related harm can and does occur. It is suggested that the maximum trading hours for clubs with alcohol licences are the same as those for on-licence premises in or adjacent to residential areas Off-licence premises The national default trading hours for off-licence premises are: Monday to Sunday 7.00 am to pm At a meeting of off-licensees and student representatives in early 2013 it was suggested that pm would be a reasonable time for such premises to be closed. This is supported by the tertiary sector representatives, public views, alcohol-related offending data from the Police and alcohol-related offending data from Dunedin Hospital. It is proposed that all off-licensed premises will be limited to a pm closing time Special licences Special licences are issued for two main reasons: the location for an event is one that is not covered by an alcohol licence; or it is a licensed premises but the licensee would like to trade outside the conditions of the licence. For unlicensed premises several matters need to be considered - for example, is the location able to cope with the proposed event; how will it impact on the neighbourhood; how will the alcohol be served; how will the event be managed, etc. Special licences do not generally require the applicant to obtain resource consent, therefore a conservative approach will be taken. It is proposed that any special licence for an unlicensed premises will usually be restricted to 1.00 am on the day following the event. In exceptional circumstances the DLC may grant greater hours at their discretion. For premises already holding an on, off or club licence, special licences will be granted only for the maximum hours for that kind of premises as stipulated in this policy. If the current hours are already at the maximum, greater hours will only be issued in exceptional circumstances as determined by the DLC. 3.4 One-way door A one-way door is one where, at a set time, entry to a premises is denied but those inside at that time can remain until closing time. If a person leaves before closing time they cannot gain readmission. The Police believe a one-way door should apply from 1.00 until closing time. They believe this provides ability for patrons to leave premises in a more orderly manner rather than a mass exodus at the end of the night. Recent research in Newcastle, Australia, revealed that a combination of shortened trading hours with a one-way door reduced reported assaults by more than 30%. 12

13 A summary of the Newcastle interventions can be viewed in NSW Parliamentary Research Service paper released in March 2014: ionstoaddressalcohol-relatedviolenceinnsw:2008to2014/$file/liquor+licensing+reforms.pdf There have been other evaluations of one-way door policies, including one by the Alcohol Advisory Council of New Zealand (ALAC) of the Christchurch Alcohol Accord which included such a policy. The evaluation found the effectiveness of one-way door polices to be inconclusive, although the policy was not carried out in conjunction with other measures such as reducing closing times. It is suggested that late night premises be required to implement a one-way door policy from 1.00 am to complement the suggested earlier closing time of 3.00 am. 3.5 Serving of shots Drinking a shot generally means a patron drinking a standard measure of alcohol, usually in a single motion from a small glass. The volume of a shot glass is usually either 30 or 60 ml, which is one to two standard drinks if full strength spirits are used. Drinking in this manner makes it possible for one to consume a lot of alcohol in a very short time. As a person becomes more intoxicated such a practice further accelerates the rate of consumption. This could be considered against the object of the Act, which is, that the sale, supply, and consumption of alcohol should be undertaken safely and responsibly. It is suggested to prohibit the sale and service of shots after midnight. 3.6 Single unit sales at off-licence premises The sale of single serve units of alcohol from off-licence premises was considered unacceptable by the Liquor Licensing Authority. In AKL Liquor trading Limited, NZLLA PH 488/2012, the Authority said: The Authority does not approve of single sales as it considers that they can lead to liquor abuse and in this particular situation the potential for abuse is further exacerbated by the close proximity of liquor ban areas. The sale of single cans/bottles of beer and RTDs allows, or encourages, people to purchase alcohol in smaller volumes, making it more accessible, especially to younger people, and encourages the immediate consumption of the product once outside the premises. It is proposed to ban the sale of single shots or single units of beer, cider or RTDs. The alcohol must be contained in the original packaged quantity as a minimum sale. The exception is that of boutique and handcrafted beer and cider which are produced by small, traditional brewers, are higher priced and packaged for single sales. 13

14 GLOSSARY OF TERMS Act the Sale and Supply of Alcohol Act Alcohol-related harm harm caused by the excessive or inappropriate consumption of alcohol, including any crime, damage, death, disease, disorderly behaviour, illness or injury directly or indirectly caused, or directly or indirectly contributed to, by the excessive or inappropriate consumption of alcohol. This applies to the individual, the community or society generally. Amenity and good order means the extent to which, and the ways in which, the locality in which the premises concerned is situated is pleasant and agreeable. In assessing this, the DLC must consider the following matters as they relate to the locality, surrounding land use and the nature of the proposed licensed activity: a) current, and possible future, noise levels; b) current, and possible future, levels of nuisance and vandalism; c) the number of premises for which licences of the kind concerned are already held. ARLA Alcohol Regulatory and Licensing Authority. Bar in relation to a hotel or tavern means any part used principally or exclusively for the sale or consumption of alcohol. Boutique/handcrafted beer or cider beer and cider produced by small and traditional brewers and usually packaged for sale as single bottles at higher prices. They are not produced by mainstream breweries. BYO endorsed on-licence licensed to allow patrons to bring their own alcohol to a restaurant for consumption with their meal. Caterers endorsed on-licence - allows a caterer to deliver alcohol from their premises to any other premises for consumption by people attending a reception, function or other social gathering. Club a body corporate having as its objective the participation in or promoting a sport or other recreational activity, otherwise than for gain; or, is a body corporate whose object is not gain; or, holds permanent club charter. Club licence a club licensed to sell and supply alcohol in their premises. Conveyance means an aircraft, coach, ferry, hovercraft, ship, train or other vehicle, used to transport people. CPTED Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design. DLC District Licensing Committee comprising a chairperson and two community members. Grocery store a premises where a range of food products and other household items is sold but the principal business carried on is or will be the sale of food products. On-licence licensed to sell and supply alcohol for consumption on the premises. Off-licence licensed to sell, supply and deliver alcohol for consumption away from the premises. Licensing Inspector/Inspector an inspector appointed pursuant to section 197(1) of the Sale and Supply of Alcohol Act Liquor Licensing Authority- established in former Sale of Liquor Act 1989 and replaced by ARLA in new Sale and Supply of Alcohol Act Prohibited people people who are under 18 years of age or who are intoxicated. Restaurant/Café a premises that is used, or intended to be used, principally for the supply of meals or snacks for consumption on the premises. Restricted area people under the age of 18 years may not enter. 14

15 RTD- Ready to Drink, pre-measured amount of alcohol (measured as standard drinks) ready mixed with a flavoured beverage e.g. Coke, lemonade, to a maximum strength of 7%. Secretary of the DLC - the title applied to the principal administrative officer of the Dunedin City Council by the Act. Sensitive facility any educational or recreational facility or any open space used by or likely to attract young people under the legal purchase age; any community and/or health facility; rest homes; areas with high deprivation populations. Series of events or special occasions a series of related events or occasions. Shots small drinks of spirits, usually consumed in one motion. Shot glass a small glass used for serving spirits. They usually hold either 30ml or 60ml of spirits with each 30ml containing a single unit, or serve, of standard spirits. Special licence a temporary licence allowing the holder to sell and supply alcohol at an event or special occasion. An on-site special licence applies to sale for consumption at the event or special occasion. An off-site special licence allows sales of alcohol for consumption away from the event or special occasion. Supermarket a premises with a floor area of at least 1000 m 2 which includes any separate departments set aside for fresh meat, fresh fruit and vegetables, and delicatessen items. Supervised area people under the age of 18 years may be present if accompanied by their parent(s) or legal guardian. Tavern/Pub a premises used or intended to be used in the course of their business principally for providing alcohol and other refreshments to the public. Temporary authority an order granted by the DLC authorising a person or company to trade on the back of an existing licence when a business changes ownership. The holder of a temporary authority is subject to the conditions on the underlying licence and or any other the DLC may impose. 15