Cloud Computing By: Jonathan Delanoy, Mark Delanoy, Katherine Espana, Anthony Esposito, Daniel Farina, Samuel Feher, and Sean Flahive
Table of Contents What is Cloud Computing? Advantages of Cloud Computing Disadvantages of Cloud Computing Cloud Computing vs. Virtualization Cloud software characteristics Chrome OS (Cloud Operating Systems) Conclusion
Cloud Computing What is the Cloud What is Cloud Computing? Why use Cloud Computing? Common concerns with Cloud Computing
Advantages of Cloud Computing
Lower Costs Hardware Software Advantages
Lower Costs Better Performance Advantages Fewer processes loaded into memory
Lower Costs Better Performance Instant Updates Advantages No manual updates for web based applications
Lower Costs Better Performance Instant Updates Storage Capacity Advantages No additional devices required
Lower Costs Better Performance Instant Updates Storage Capacity Improved Document Capabilities Format Compatibility Access Advantages
Advantages Lower Costs Better Performance Instant Updates Storage Capacity Improved Document Capabilities Device Independence Access from any machines
Disadvantages of cloud computing OS design challenges
Latency Will need to design the OS to be able to deal with very long delays Speed of light potentially becomes a very significant barrier to future development Best possible round-trip latency is around 37 msec from NYC to London. Round trip from NYC to Los Angeles is more than 25 msec. With only a 3.0 GHz single-core processor, it is possible to execute an upper bound of 75 million instructions in 25 msec.
Latency Real world conditions will lower the actual signal propagation speed by a large factor from this scenario The speed of light in an optical fiber is significantly slower than the speed of light in a vacuum. Time must be spent converting the optical signal to electricity. More time must be spent sending the signal into the computer. Still more must be spent for the computer to handle the signal.
Performance Need to find ways to minimize traffic between the main computers and the local machines. Dealing with interrupts and blocking may be very difficult, depending on the level of interaction that is desired and the amount of processing which the local machine can handle itself.
Complexity Nearly all operating systems are built on the assumption that I/O will be slow, but usually the wait times are far less than what must be worked with when using a cloud-based system. New assumptions will have to be made, since it becomes far more likely that a very, very, very large proportion of programs will be extremely heavily I/O-bound, leaving it much more probable that the processor will be idle a large percentage of the time.
Complexity Better heuristics to try to predict what the user is going to do could help increase processor utilization, but this would massively increase the size and processor overhead of the OS, and could potentially waste a large amount of time if the user did not do what the computer guessed they would.
Cloud computing vs Virtualization
As previously discussed: Cloud computing refers to the provision of computational resources on demand via a computer network. in cloud computing, the user's computer may contain almost no software or data (perhaps a minimal operating system and web browser only), serving as little more than a display terminal for processes occurring on a network of computers far away.
What is virtualization? Virtualization, in computing, is the creation of a virtual (rather than actual) version of something, such as a hardware platform, operating system, a storage device or network resources. Software executed on these virtual machines is separated from the underlying hardware resources. Ex. a computer that is running Microsoft Windows may host a virtual machine that looks like a computer with Mac OS X operating system.
What s the difference? Both Cloud computing and virtualization have a hidden factor to them that the user is not able to see virtualization model: data and software is usually confined to one computer. Cloud computing can almost be seen as a large scale virtualization using multiple computers to generate a virtual realm for one user.
Software Determine machine architecture and format data accordingly Have its own operating system Determine what systems are down and replace or report OS stripped down from a standard OS installation no need for drive interfaces
Programming Languages Works with a dynamic language on a virtual machine Operating Systems specific functions are removed for the machine interpreter
Memory/File Management Communicate with other machines with data not necessarily present locally Allocate resources needed on different machines Databases are primary storage for Web Applications Databases simplified for increase in speed
Hardware Adaptability Work with machines with different: Machine architectures Operating Systems Data systems
Security Protect against intruders Everything is networked based, foreign or internal attacks can occur Keeping programs/data on different computers private to the user that created them
Chrome OS An OS designed for Cloud Computing
Why The Cloud? Advantages No installing programs, instead all work is done through web apps Minimal PC storage the majority of user data is stored in the cloud Web applications are run on servers so much of the heavy processing can be run off system
Speed and Efficiency
Security Features Sand Box web tabs which isolate the different applications Automatic on-boot updates to keep users safe from new threats A secure boot kept in ROM to allow restoration of default settings
Hardware Changes Force manufacturers to use Solid State Drives which will likely be attached as directly to the motherboard Specific materials for internal components to increase speed Force manufacturers and users to move on to the latest technology to improve performance Lacks interchangeable hardware components
Other facts It is approximately 1/60 th the size of windows 7 Open source portions of the project available under the umbrella of Chromium OS for free download Release date suspected to be the Summer of 2011
Summary
Challenges More overhead More latency Memory management etc.
Challenges, cont. Network issues Partition of vital service providers Possibility of different OSs and/or standards What is an int? Might require reliance on a third party for hardware/etc.
Advantages Easy backups to secure locations Simple, instant application/os updating Easy enforcement of security measures