Alcohol and Binge Drinking (Excessive Alcohol Use) Mrs. Eilenberger Health 12 Class
What is Alcohol????? Ethyl alcohol, or ethanol, is an intoxicating ingredient found in beer, wine, and liquor. Alcohol is produced by the fermentation of yeast, sugars, and starches.
How does Alcohol affect a person? Alcohol affects every organ in the body Depresses Central Nervous System (CNS) Rapidly absorbed from the stomach and small intestine into the bloodstream. Alcohol is metabolized in the liver by enzymes (Liver can only metabolize a small amount of alcohol at a time). Therefore, the excess alcohol will circulate throughout the body. The effect of alcohol depends on the amount consumed!!!!
The Function of the Liver Liver holds up to one pint (13 percent) of the body s blood supply at any given time. The liver is only organ in body that can regenerate itself. Over 500 vital functions of the liver have been identified. Liver regulates chemical level in the blood and excretes bile (helps carry away waste products from the liver). Liver burns up or oxidizes the alcohol at the rate of 1/2 ounce per hour. Oxidation process is when liver changes alcohol into water, carbon dioxide and energy. The body eliminates the water through sweating and urinating and carbon dioxide by breathing.
Why do some people react differently to alcohol than others? Age. Gender. Race or culture. Physical condition (weight, fitness level etc..). How quickly the alcohol was consumed. Use of drugs or prescription medicines. Family history of alcohol problems. Amount of alcohol consumed before drinking.
What is a standard drink in the United States? 12-ounces of beer 8-ounces of malt liquor 5-ounces of wine 1.5 ounces of a shot of 80- proof distilled spirits or liquor (e.g., gin, rum, vodka, or whiskey).
Is beer or wine safer to drink than liquor? One 12 ounce of beer is the same amount of alcohol as one 5 ounce glass of wine, or 1.5 ounce shot of liquor. Amount of ethanol consumed affects a person, not the type of alcoholic drink!
Guidelines of people who should not drink alcoholic beverages! Children and adolescents. Individuals of age who cannot limit their drinking to low levels. Women who may become pregnant or who are pregnant Individuals who plan to drive, operate machinery, or take part in other activities that require attention, skill or coordination. Individuals taking prescription or over-the-counter medications that can interact with alcohol. Individuals with certain medical conditions. Persons recovering from alcoholism.
What is Binge Drinking? According to the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism,binge drinking is defined as a pattern of alcohol consumption that brings the blood alcohol concentration(bac) level to 0.08% or above. This pattern of drinking usually corresponds to 5 or more drinks on a single occasion for men or 4 or more drinks on a single occasion for women within about 2 hours.
Binge Drinking Statistics 92% of U.S. adults who drink excessively report binge drinking in the past 30 days. Binge drinking in men is two times higher than among women. Binge drinkers are 14 times more to report alcohol-impaired driving than non-binge drinkers. 90% of alcohol consumed by youth under age of 21 years in U.S. is a form of binge drinks. 75% of alcohol consumed by adults over age 21 in U.S. is a form of binge drinks. 51% of highest binge drinkers are between the ages of 18 to 20 year old group.
ALCOHOL IS A $115 BILLION INDUSTRY IN THE UNITED STATES; BINGE DRINKERS ACCOUNT FOR 76% OF BEER SALES NATIONWIDE. ILLEGAL (UNDERAGE) DRINKERS ACCOUNT FOR 10% OF THE ALCOHOL MARKET OR $10 MILLION.
Alcohol Abuse and Dependence Risk Factors Genes Gender Early use Mental Health Use of other substances Environment Friends Problems with others Not having a purpose or satisfaction in your life
BINGE DRINKING & HEALTH PROBLEMS!!! Unintentional injuries(e.g. car crashes, falls, burns, drowning). Intentional Injuries(e.g. firearm injuries, sexual assault, domestic violence). Alcohol poisoning. Sexually transmitted diseases. Unintended pregnancy High Blood Pressure, stroke,and other cardiovascular diseases. Liver Disease. Neurological damage. Sexual dysfunction. Poor control of diabetes Children born with (FAS)
Evidence-Based Interventions to Prevent Binge Drinking!!! Increasing alcoholic beverage costs and taxes. Limiting number of retail alcohol outlets that sell alcoholic beverages in a given area. Consistent enforcement of laws against underage drinking and alcohol-impaired driving. Screening and counseling for alcohol misuse.
Consequences of High-risk College Drinking Statistics show in the picture that students age 18 to 24 contributes to an estimated of sexual assaults, injuries, assaults, and deaths! Excessive drinking Vandalism Sexual aggression Death
Early Weeks are Critical First six weeks of the first semester are critical to a first year student s academic success. Excessive alcohol consumption can interfere with adapting to campus life. 1/3 of first year students fail to enroll their second year. (Because of they failed out)
College Binge Drinking Epidemic 12 million U.S. undergraduates drink 4 billion cans of beer or 55 six packs each year. 25% of college student recognize that drinking hurts their grades and schoolwork.
Alcohol is the second leading cause of dementia; one also ages quicker on alcohol!!!
Alcohol affects women more?? Women have reduced levels of gastric enzymes that metabolize alcohol-- basically it leaves their system more slowly.
Alcohol Consumption can lead to: Date Rape Violence Academic Failure
What does it mean to get drunk? Getting drunk or intoxicated is a result of consuming excessive amounts of alcohol. How can alcohol affect your health? Impaired brain function resulting in poor judgement, reduced reaction time, loss of balance and motor skills, or slurred speech. Dilation of blood vessels causing a feeling of warmth but resulting in rapid loss of body heat. Increased risk f certain cancers, stroke, and liver disease(e.g., cirrhosis) when excessive amounts are used over a period of time. Damage to a developing fetus if consumed by pregnant women. Increased risk of motor-vehicle traffic crashes, violence, and other injuries. Coma or death can occur if consumed in large amounts rapidly because of the depression of central nervous system!!!!
I M YOUNG. IS DRINKING BAD FOR MY HEALTH???? Studies have shown that alcohol used by youth and adults increases the the risk of fatal and nonfatal injuries. Research has shown that youth who use alcohol before the age of 15 are five times more likely to become alcohol dependent than adults who begin drinking at age 21. Youth and adult alcohol use can lead to increased risky sexual behaviors, poor school performance, and increased risk of suicide and homicide.
HAZING AND ALCOHOL What is hazing? Hazing is a process based on a tradition that is used by groups to discipline and maintain a hierarchy. Regardless of consent, the rituals require individuals to engage in activities that are physically and psychologically stressful. These activities can be demeaning, intimidating, and exhausting. Hazing is about a group and proving one s worthiness to become a member of the specific group.
High School Hazing High School Hazing 1. 1.5 million high school students are hazed each year. 1 2. 91% of all H.S. students belong to at least one group, and half of them, 48% report being subjected to hazing activities. 1 3. 43% were subjected to humiliating activities and 30% performed potentially illegal acts as part of their initiation. 1 4. Both male and female students report high levels of hazing. 1 5. Every kind of high school group was involved in hazing including 24% of the students involved in church groups. 1 6. 10% of all college students admit to being hazed in high school. 2 7. 79% of the NCAA Athletes report being hazed initially in high school. 1 8. 25% were first hazed before the age of 13. 1 9. 92% of the high school students will not report a hazing, and of these respondents, 59% know of hazing activities and 21% admit to being involved in hazing. 1 10.48% of the students acknowledge participating in activities which are defined as hazing, 29% did potentially illegal things to join a group, however only 14% admit to being hazed. This underscored the "disconnect" between how adults define hazing vs. how students define it. 1 KEY 1. Alfred Univeristy Study, Dr. Norm Pollard, Dr. Elizabeth Allen, et. al, 1999 2. National Study of Student Hazing (prelim), Dr. Elizabeth Allen and Dr. Mary Madden 2006 3. Dissertation, Dr. Colleen McGlone, 2005 4. Insidehazing, Dr. Susan Lipkins, 2006
College Hazing College Hazing 1. More than 250,000 students experienced some sort of hazing to join a college athletic team. 1 2. 5% of all college students admit to being hazed. 2 3. 40% admit to knowing about hazing activities. 2 4. 40% report that a coach or club advisor was aware of the hazing. 2 5. 22% report that the coach or advisor was involved in the hazing. 2 6. 50% of the female NCAA Division I athletes reported being hazed. 3 7. More than 20% of female NCAA athletes were subjected to alcoholrelated hazing; however even a higher percentage admitted to "mental hazing" which ranged from singing to being kidnapped. 3 8. 10% of the female NCAA athletes were physically hazed including being branded, tattooed, beaten thrown in water of having their head forcibly shaved. 3 9. 6-9% of the female NCAA athletes were subjected to sexually related hazing including harassment, actual assault or being expected to simulate sex activities. 3 KEY 1. Alfred Univeristy Study, Dr. Norm Pollard, Dr. Elizabeth Allen, et. al, 1999 2. National Study of Student Hazing (prelim), Dr. Elizabeth Allen and Dr. Mary Madden 2006 3. Dissertation, Dr. Colleen McGlone, 2005 4. Insidehazing, Dr. Susan Lipkins, 2006
HAZARDOUS HAZING BE AWARE THE LIFE YOU SAVE MAY BE YOUR OWN!!! The leaders of the group are very aggressive and intimidating. You have heard rumors from your peers about activities that are hazardous. Your gut is churning and you sense danger. You have been warned by authorities that the group had a reputation of being extreme. You don t want acknowledge it, but you have witnessed some events which are dangerous or are inconsistent with your own morals and values. You feel stuck. You are already involved and do not know how to get out of the group or process.
WHAT CAN YOU DO? You may want to help others recognize the long-term consequences. Create connections with your peers and have a plan of action in case a dangerous situation arises. If you are a bystander, DO NOT go against the group alone., opposing the group may cause you pain and suffering. Go get help or report the incident as an individual--either anonymous, or by revealing your identity.
What can I do if I or someone I know has a drinking problem? Consult your personal health care provider. National Drug and Alcohol Treatment Referral Routing Service 1-800-662-HELP.
www.cdc.gov/family/springbreak www.collegedrinkingprevention.gov www.webmd.com