MINISTRY OF INFRASTRUCTURE AND DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY FOR DEVELOPMENT OF WESTERN POLAND 2020

Wasaw, Apil 2014

MINISTRY OF INFRASTRUCTURE AND DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY FOR DEVELOPMENT OF WESTERN POLAND 2020 Document adopted by the Council of Ministes on 30 Apil 2014. Wasaw 2014

ISBN: 978-83-7610-498-0 Published by: Ministy of Infastuctue and Development ul. Wspólna 2/4, 00-926 Waszawa http://www.mi.gov.pl Depatment of Supa-Regional Pogammes Phone No. (+48 22) 273 82 00 Fax (+48 22) 273 89 14 e-mail: seketaiatdpp@mi.gov.pl

Dea Reades, A wise development policy should pomote coopeation and the natual social and economic pocesses to help stengthen ties between egions. This is why it is a geat pleasue fo me to be able to pesent the Stategy fo Development of Westen Poland anothe stategy that esponds to specific challenges fo supa-egional aeas. The Stategy fo Development of Westen Poland makes it possible to detemine both the maco-egional development oppotunities, as well as to effectively stengthen them. The document is the esult of a patneship coopeation between the Ministy of Infastuctue and Development and self-govenments of five voivodeships (Dolnośląskie, Lubuskie, Opolskie, Wielkopolskie, Zachodniopomoskie), suppoted by expets. Ou shaed intention was to pepae a development stategy fo Westen Poland, which will be the basis fo planning specific actions in 2014-2020 pespective, to incease the competitiveness of the maco-egion. Westen Poland has a high potential fo dynamic gowth. Favouable location in Euope, eseach potential and the willingness of egional self-govenments to coopeate ensue high investment attactiveness of the aea. Bette use of these advantages can be achieved though solutions planned in the Stategy. Westen Poland has unique oppotunities fo development. Effective use of these oppotunities can make it an attactive and open aea by 2020, establishing the conditions fo close coopeation and mobilising fo ceative activity, which is successfully competing at home and aboad. I believe that the actions taken on the basis of this Stategy will contibute to a sustainable boost of development pocesses in the maco-egion, ceating conditions to incease its competitiveness and impove the quality of life of esidents. Elżbieta Bieńkowska Ministe of Infastuctue and Development 3

STRATEGY FOR DEVELOPMENT OF WESTERN POLAND 2020 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION................................................................. 7 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STRATEGY, DEVELOPMENT RULES FOR THE DOCUMENT........ 7 1.2 PLACE OF THE STRATEGY IN THE ORDER OF STRATEGIC DOCUMENTS................. 12 2 SUMMARY..................................................................... 16 3 DIAGNOSIS AND DEVELOPMENT TRENDS........................................... 18 3.1 DEVELOPMENT AND COMPETITIVE POSITION OF WESTERN POLAND IN RELATION TO ENTIRE POLAND AND THE EUROPEAN UNION AND DEVELOPMENT TRENDS........ 18 3.2 DIAGNOSIS IN THE FIELD OF IDENTIFIED POTENTIALS.............................. 28 3.2.1 POTENTIAL RELATED TO THE LOCATION................................... 28 3.2.2 POTENTIAL RELATED TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF KNOWLEDGE-BASED ECONOMY........................................................... 43 3.3 SWOT ANALYSIS............................................................. 58 4 CHALLENGES, A VISION OF DEVELOPMENT.......................................... 60 5 MAIN OBJECTIVE, SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES AND INTERVENTION DIRECTIONS................ 63 5.1 SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE I: SPATIAL AND FUNCTIONAL INTEGRATION OF THE MACRO-REGION...................................................... 66 5.2 SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE II: BUILDING THE MACRO-REGION S ECONOMIC OFFER........... 68 5.3 SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE III: STRENGTHENING SCIENTIFIC AND RESEARCH POTENTIAL OF THE MACRO-REGION...................................................... 70 6 INDICATORS OF IMPLEMENTATION................................................. 73 7 PERFORMANCE SYSTEM.......................................................... 75 7.1 IMPLEMENTATION SYSTEM................................................... 75 7.2 COORDINATION SYSTEM..................................................... 79 7.3 MONITORING SYSTEM....................................................... 82 7.4 EVALUATION (ASSESSMENT) SYSTEM........................................... 84 8 FINANCIAL FRAMEWORK......................................................... 86 List of chats, diagams, maps, tables................................................ 89 Expet epots pepaed fo the pupose of the Stategy fo Development of Westen Poland 2020.......................................................... 91 The most impotant events concening the Stategy fo Development of Westen Poland 2020.......................................................... 93 Pesons involved in the wok on the Stategy fo Development of Westen Poland 2020..... 96 5

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Intoduction 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STRATEGY, DEVELOPMENT RULES FOR THE DOCUMENT The wok associated with the ceation of the Stategy fo Development of Westen Poland 2020 (SDWP, Stategy) was initiated by egional self-govenments (of Dolnośląskie Voivodeship, Lubuskie Voivodeship, Opolskie Voivodeship, Wielkopolskie Voivodeship and Zachodniopomoskie Voivodeship) on the basis of the ageement concluded in August 2010 in Szczecin 1). The pillas of coopeation in ceating a common stategic vision of development ae the elements connecting the egions of Westen Poland 2), including willingness to coopeate in the maco-egion, as well as the Ode ive basin and the coss-bode location. It was stessed that thee is a need to focus the SDWP on the development challenges whose natue and scale equies supa-egional coopeation, going beyond the boundaies of one voivodeship. Fo the puposes of this Stategy, the maco-egion of Westen Poland was defined as five voivodeships: Dolnośląskie, Lubuskie, Opolskie, Wielkopolskie and Zachodniopomoskie. The maco-egion coves 31% of the county (96,065 km 2 ) and connects Cental Euope with Westen Euope, Southen Euope and Scandinavia. The westen and southen bodes of the maco-egion ae also Polish state bodes. Fom the west it bodes thee easten Geman lands (Bandenbug, Mecklenbug-Vopommen and Saxony), and fom the south it bodes the Czech Republic. The element that binds Westen Poland togethe is the Ode ive basin, with significant demogaphic, economic and spatial potential. Ode, which foms pat of the state bode, is also an impotant axis of coopeation between Polish voivodeships and with egions of Gemany and the Czech Republic. The maco-egion is inhabited by ove 10 million people, which is appoximately 26% of the county s population, and is an aea with a population density less than the national aveage (105 people pe squae kilomete, compaed to the national aveage of 123). 1) http://polskazachodnia2020.pl/aktualnosci.html. 2) In this document the tem egion is synonymous with voivodeship. 7

At the same time, Westen Poland has slightly highe level of ubanisation than the national aveage (in Poland, on aveage, 61% of the population lives in cities, while in the maco-egion 62%). The high level of ubanisation of the analysed aea is a eflection of a dense uban netwok and the size stuctue of cities. As much as 38% of the cities of the county ae located within the maco-egion. Thee ae 280 km 2 pe one city in the maco-egion, while in geneal in Poland this atio stands at 342 km 2. 3) Wok on the document was caied out in stages: the fist stage, initiated by the signing of the ageement, was used pimaily fo detailed identification of aeas of coopeation between voivodeships, and the esult was the Stategic diagnosis of Westen Poland and the Guidelines fo the Stategy fo Development of Westen Poland (Guidelines) 4). Wok on the Guidelines was supevised by voivodeship mashals and led by the Steeing Goup consisting of epesentatives of egional self-govenments and extenal expets. Five egional epots and seveal expetises have been developed. A peliminay list was also developed with key supa-egional pojects planned fo implementation until 2020 5). Repesentatives of the ministe in chage of egional development assued to povide coopeation and suppot in this effot.. The second phase of wok on the document began in Apil 2012 with the submission to the ministe esponsible fo egional development of the Guidelines and the equest fo dafting supa-egional govenment stategy within the meaning of the Act of 6 Decembe 2006 on the pinciples of development policy 6). The pocess of ceating the document was suppoted by the scientific community, including expets who woked in ealie stages 7) with egional self-govenments on the pepaation of the Guidelines and the Institute fo Teitoial Development of Wocław, which bought a significant mateial contibution to the pepaation of the SDWP. In accodance with the pinciple of patneship, the egional selfgovenmentsegulaly issued opinions on pats of the Stategy developed by the Ministy and discussed its povisions duing the wokshop summaizing subsequent stages of wok. Suggestions made by the egions and expet suppot contibuted to impoving the quality of the document and poviding impotant additions highlighting the potential and aspiations of the maco-egion, and vey impotantly ensued the necessay continuity between the govenment and local govenment stages of wok. 3) All data pesented in the box ae data fo 2012. 4) http://www.mi.gov.pl/ozwoj_egionalny/polityka_egionalna/polska_zach/dokumenty/stony/dokumenty. aspx. 5) http://www.mi.gov.pl/ozwoj_egionalny/polityka_egionalna/polska_zach/dokumenty/stony/dokumenty. aspx. 6) Polish Jounal of Laws of 2009, No. 84, item 712, as amended 7) Expets in the company GEOPROFIT. 8

Intoduction The pocess of development of the SDWP paid special attention to the supaegional dimension. Fomulation of the intevention diections took into account the specific chaacteistics of the maco-egion, which is consistent with the pinciple of the teitoial appoach to development, which is based on the assumption that one should make moe efficient use of endogenous esouces of diffeent types of teitoies and build development stategies on them 8). Woks wee also caied out in accodance with the pinciple of subsidiaity, consisting in selecting the management level of public intevention which is most adequate fo the identified development objectives. The effots to maximize the developmental effects esulting fom the activities povided fo in the SDWP led to thematic concentation (selectivity) of aeas of suppot, which is one of the basic pinciples of designing a stategy document. The SDWP focuses on caefully selected supa-egional issues occuing with paticula intensity in the maco-egion. Suppot fo these issues will contibute to the geatest extent to achieve the development objectives of Westen Poland. The SDWP is based on the pinciple of evidence-based policy. Fomulation of development objectives and intevention diections to implement them was peceded by a diagnosis of the socio-economic situation in the maco-egion, based on the analysis of available studies and identification of key developmental potentials. The vision of development of the maco-egion took into account the key challenges and tends that may have most influence on the development pocesses taking place in the aea. Implementation of the SDWP was based on monitoing pogess in achieving its objectives and on sound assessment of the effects of actions taken. The condition fo effective implementation of the SDWP is the best use of the potential of inteegional, coss-bode and tansnational coopeation to achieve the common objectives of development, hence the stong emphasis on this issue in the entie document. Opinion of the Geneal Diecto fo Envionmental Potection on the envionmental impact assessment The SDWP was consulted with the Geneal Diecto fo Envionmental Potection (GDEP) in ode to detemine whethe it is necessay to cay out the stategic envionmental assessment fo the document unde the Act of 3 Octobe 2008 on the povision of infomation on the envionment and its potection, public paticipation in envionmental potection and envionmental impact assessments 9). On 31 Octobe 2013, the ministe in chage of egional development eceived 8) Potentials Identified in the SDWP aise fom the analyses made, which allowed fo distinguishing featues common to the aea of Westen Poland. Situation of a single egion is pesented in the document only when a given featue in a paticula voivodeship is significantly diffeent fom the situation in the maco-egion (the so-called outlie ). 9) Polish Jounal of Laws of 2013, item 1235 and 1238. 9

GDEP opinion about the possibility of withdawal fom caying out the stategic envionmental assessment. Based on the GDEP position and beaing in mind that the Stategy is a document of a geneal natue (not indicating specific investments), which does not define a famewok fo the implementation of new solutions o pojects, it was decided to not cay out the stategic envionmental assessment. The stategy is a point of efeence fo intevention at the supaegional level within existing o planned suppot instuments mostly national and egional opeational pogammes, subject to a full assessment povided fo in this Act. Ex-ante evaluation The SDWP was subject to ex-ante evaluation, which was conducted on the ode of the ministe in chage of egional development duing the peiod of Novembe 2013-Mach 2014 by the consotium of Eu-Consult Sp. z o.o. and the Reseach Institute IPC Sp. z o.o. The aim of the study was to povide the highest quality of the document though the evaluation of intenal consistency of the SDWP poject, the evaluation of consistency of its povisions with the stategic documents in the field of development policy and the evaluation of complementaity with egional stategic documents. Also the pefomance system, monitoing and evaluation of the SDWP was subject to veification, including a set of indicatos fo monitoing. The esults confimed that diagnosis and intevention diections accuately espond to the challenges and socio-economic needs of the maco-egion of Westen Poland, and the poposed system will povide the ight tools fo the implementation and monitoing of the Stategy. The study showed that the aims and objectives of the SDWP ae consistent with the objectives of stategic documents at the EU and national level and complementay with egad to egional stategies. Some ecommendations fom the study wee accepted, and thei inclusion esulted pimaily in additions to the diagnosis and boade desciptions of intevention diections. Detailed ecommendations of a technical natue elating to the pefomance system will be taken into account at the stage of opeationalisation of the Stategy. Public consultation Public consultation, in accodance with the Act on the pinciples of development policy, was caied out fom 11 Febuay to 18 Mach 2014. Comments and ecommendations submitted fo the poject came fom both pivate individuals and institutions. In the goup of 30 subjects which pesented comments, the most active wee local govenment units, entepeneus and thei associations and tade unions and employes associations. The science community was also elatively active, including mainly the univesities of Westen Poland. Comments to 10

Intoduction the poject wee also sent by the Senate of Belin, which demonstates the inteest in the document outside the maco-egion and a good dissemination of infomation about the consultation. The comments eceived in the consultation wee among the thee basic categoies: 1. poposals to extend the daft Stategy with new aeas of activity, 2. poposals to claify o stengthen the povisions aleady contained in the daft Stategy 3. emaks egading the level of instuments fo implementing the Stategy. A significant numbe of poposals concened the demands to implement specific pojects and thus efeed to the stage of implementation of the Stategy. Othe poposed amendments indicated pimaily the need to make additions to the Diagnosis and tends and objectives. All comments along with the position of the Ministe of Infastuctue and Development ae available on the website 10). Afte analysing all the comments, a significant numbe of poposals detailing o supplementing the povisions of the Stategy wee taken into account. Thee wee also many modifications made to enhance the quality of the document (its consistency and claity of communication). As a esult of the comments, the Stategy has been extended, e.g. with issues concening human and social capital, as well as additional analyses in the field of demogaphy and migation. The povisions concening the spatial and functional integation with sub-egional gowth cente and ual aeas have also been stengthened. The diagnosis of the Stategy was claified and supplemented in tems of the maco-egion s leading industies, and extended with a desciption of teitoial coopeation (including coss-bode coopeation). Comments elating to the suppot instuments, due to thei vey detailed, opeational chaacte could not be included diectly in the text, but will be taken into account duing the implementation of the Stategy. In a sepaate mode, the poject was also consulted with the Joint Commission of Govenment and Local Govenment which issued a positive opinion. 10) http://www.mi.gov.pl/ozwoj_egionalny/polityka_egionalna/polska_zach/konsultacje/stony/konsultacje.aspx. 11

1.2 PLACE OF THE STRATEGY IN THE ORDER OF STRATEGIC DOCUMENTS Since the enty into foce of the Lisbon Teaty in Decembe 2009, the question of the teitoial dimension became paticulaly impotant in the EU cohesion policy. The consequence of this is adaptation of the intevention to a geate extent to the needs of diffeent types of teitoies, which is also implemented though the SDWP. The SDWP, as a document of supa-egional natue, is compatible with the development objective of EU and national stategic documents. Basic conditions of the EU, which ae the efeence point fo the development of all policies of the Euopean Union (EU), including the cohesion policy, ae set in the document Euope 2020. A Euopean stategy fo smat, sustainable and inclusive gowth (Euope 2020 Stategy) of June 2010, which defines thee pioities of EU development: smat gowth, sustainable gowth and inclusive gowth 11). The diections of intevention povided in the SDWP ae consistent with the appoach pomoted by the Euopean Commission unde the Euope 2020 Stategy, in paticula in the famewok of the fist pioity and the flagship initiative Innovation Union, which involves incease in innovation and competitiveness. The national system of development pogamming, anchoed in the law on pinciples of development policy, the SDWP was placed between the national level of intevention set out in the long-tem and medium-tem govenment stategic documents and the intevention level pescibed at the egional level esulting fom the voivodeship development stategies and othe stategic documents dawn up at this level 12). This aangement stems fom the assumption that defining supa-egional development potentials and thei effective stimulation though inteegional coopeation bings additional developmental effects. Objectives and intevention diections defined in the SDWP ae pat of the stategic model of national development poposed in the Long-tem National Development Stategy. Poland 2030. Thid Wave of Modenity (LNDS) of 5 Febuay 2013 13), adopted by the Council of Ministes, which is based on thee pillas: building the foundation fo the innovation of the county, the teitoial balancing of development and integeneational solidaity. Due to the maco-egional specifics, eflected in the socio-economic and spatial stuctue, the development pocesses 11) COM(2010)2020. 12) Guidelines fo Poland s Development Management System. Document adopted by the Council of Ministes on 27 Apil 2009. 13) Resolution No. 16 of the Council of Ministes of 5 Febuay 2013 on the adoption of the Long-tem National Development Stategy. Poland 2030. Thid Wave of Modenity (MP item 121). 12

Intoduction in Westen Poland can be stimulated to a geat extent by the significant gowth potential, pimaily in the fist and second pilla of the LNDS. An impotant national stategic document is the mid-tem National Development Stategy 2020. Active Society, Competitive Economy, Efficient State (NDS), adopted by the Council of Ministes on 25 Septembe 2012. 14) The NDS, efeing to the key povisions of the LNDS, sets stategic aeas and inteventions in the pespective of 2020. Paticula emphasis is placed on measues to stengthen egional potentials, the most pomising in the context of ensuing the sustainability of development. Fo this eason, the NDS does not efe to the entie spectum of activities of the State in all aeas of its opeation, but focuses on thee stategic objectives institutional efficiency and effectiveness, competitiveness of the economy and social and teitoial cohesion. The NDS sees the need fo pogamming socio-economic development in maco-egional systems. The section on implementation of the Stategy poposes to intoduce legal and oganisational famewok fo managing in functional aeas and to intoduce new instuments to incease the effectiveness of egional policy. The SDWP objectives coespond with NDS objectives, in paticula with egad to the incease in the innovativeness of the economy, impoving the efficiency of tanspot and stengthening of teitoial mechanisms fo sustainable development, as well as spatial integation to develop and fully use egional potentials. The key document fo detemining the stategic vision of development fo the Westen Poland is the National Stategy of Regional Development 2010-2020: Regions, Cities, Rual Aeas (NSRD), adopted by the Council of Ministes on 13 July 2010. 15) The SDWP, as the instument of maco-egional integation and a catalyst fo the implementation of pojects aimed at stengthening the competitive position of Westen Poland, is pat of the egional development paadigm esulting fom the NSRD. The SDWP sets development activities that use endogenous (local) potentials, indicated with espect to the pinciples of: concentation, evidence-based policy, patneship and multilevel govenance. Compliance with the NSRDmeans compliance with the pinciples on which the pepaation and implementation of these documents ae based, coheence of development objectives and the SDWP implementation system foming a pat of a unified management system fo egional development pesented in the NSRD. 14) Resolution No. 157 of the Council of Ministes of 25 Septembe 2012 concening the adoption of the National Development Stategy 2020 (MP item 882). 15) Resolution of the Council of Ministes of 13 July 2010, the National Stategy fo Regional Development 2010-2020: Regions, cities, ual aeas (MP 2011, No. 36, item 423). 13

The NSRD clealy indicates the location of supa-egional stategies between the national and egional level of development management. This document specifies that on the one hand, the scope of supa-egional stategies goes beyond a single voivodeship, and on the othe hand, that the stategies cove stategic intevention aeas identified in the NDS, i.e. aeas below the national level of intevention. The challenges fo Westen Poland esulting fom the NSRD emphasise the need fo making the most of the poximity to the Geman maket to effectively stengthen the competitive position of the maco-egion. The SDWP development objectives elating to the supa-egional potentials associated with an attactive economic offe and scientific eseach potential of the maco-egion coespond mainly with the fist objective of the NSRD diected to incease in competitiveness of egions. In tun, the objective of inceasing spatial and functional integation of the macoegion is consistent with the povisions of the second objective of the NSRD to the extent in which the objective elates to the development of teitoial cohesion. The supa-egional natue of the SDWP, which pomotes multidimensional coopeation and patneship as a condition of its success, is pat of the thid objective of the NSRD fo ceating conditions fo efficient, effective and patneship implementation of teitoially-focused development activities. An impotant national stategic document that detemines the shape of the SDWP is also the National Spatial Development Concept 2030 (NSDC) adopted by the Council of Ministes on 13 Decembe 2011, which clealy indicates the need fo a coodinated suppot to development though the pepaation at national level of a maco-egional stategy. This document ceates a famewok fo the teitoialisation of public intevention and indiectly detemines its mateial scope. The NSDC diagnosis indicated pat of Westen Poland (including the westen pat of Pomoskie Voivodeship, Zachodniopomoskie Voivodeship, Lubuskie Voivodeship and westen pat of Dolnośląskie Voivodeship) as an aea chaacteised by insufficient teitoial cohesion 16). Impotant conclusions fo the SDWP also aise fom the povisions of the thid objective of the NSDC, which is to impove the teitoial accessibility of the county in diffeent spatial scales though the development of tanspot and telecommunications infastuctue. They assume a substantial impovement in the quality of ailway and oad communication between voivodeship centes of Westen Poland and the capital of the county. 16) The document lists Szczecin, Zielona Góa, Gozów Wielkopolski and Koszalin as cities that do not use the potential esulting fom the functional poximity to Belin, the cities of Scandinavia and the national centes- Gdańsk, Wasaw, Kaków. It pays much attention to ovecoming the emoteness of the westen bode aeas. 14

Intoduction The SDWP is a esponse to the challenges identified in the NSDC, poviding fo intevention measues conducive to spatial and functional integation of Westen Poland, including the econstuction of the Ode Wateway. The SDWP is consistent and complementay with the objectives and pioities identified in the emaining eight integated stategies, which include: the Stategy fo Innovation and Efficiency of the Economy Dynamic Poland 2020 17), the Tanspot Development Stategy by 2020 18), the Human Capital Development Stategy 2020 19), the Social Capital Development Stategy 2020, the Stategy fo Enegy Secuity and the Envionment 2020 20), the Efficient State Stategy 2020 21), the National Secuity Stategy of the Republic of Poland 22), the Stategy of Sustainable Development of Rual aeas 2012 23), insofa as it elates to the objectives and intevention diections fomulated in these stategies. The SDWP, as a supa-egional stategy, does not duplicate o does not eplace any of these national documents. At the same time, while maintaining complementaity with voivodeship development stategies, it coves issues of coopeation between voivodeship and takes action to expand oppotunities fo developing patneship elations between them. Assuming that the SDWP is not the sum of the five voivodeship development stategies, the document essentially ignoes the poblems and challenges of voivodeship natue and scale, focusing on supaegional issues. Its supa-egional natue is a peequisite fo the selection of the ange of suppot most adequate fo the maco-egion. The level of supa-egional pogamming complements the suppot povided at national and egional level and diects the activities caied out at both levels of development management to issues elevant fom the pespective of the maco-egion. As a esult, the essential tools fo implementing the SDWP ae the development pogammes and opeational pogammes pepaed at the national and egional level. 17) Resolution No. 7 of the Council of Ministes of 15 Januay 2013 on the Stategy fo Innovation and Economic Efficiency Dynamic Poland 2020 (MP item 73). 18) Uchwała N 6 Rady Ministów z dnia 22 stycznia 2013. w spawie Stategii Rozwoju Tanspotu do 2020. (z pespektywą do 2030.) (M.P. poz. 75). 19) Uchwała N 104 Rady Ministów z dnia 18 czewca 2013. w spawie pzyjęcia Stategii Rozwoju Kapitału Ludzkiego 2020 (M.P. poz. 640). 20) The Council of Ministes adopted the Stategy fo Enegy Secuity and the Envionment on 15 Apil 2014. 21) Resolution No. 17 of the Council of Ministes of 12 Febuay 2013 concening the adoption of the Efficient State Stategy 2020 (MP item 136). 22) Resolution No. 67 of the Council of Ministes of 9 Apil 2013 concening the adoption of the Stategy fo Development of the National Secuity of Poland 2022 (MP item 377). 23) Resolution No. 163 of the Council of Ministes of 25 Apil 2012 on the adoption of the Stategy fo the sustainable development of ual aeas, agicultue and fishing 2012-2020 (MP item 839). 15

2 SUMMARY The Stategy fo Development of Westen Poland 2020 is one of the development stategies pepaed to espond to the supa-egional challenges specific to the aea located between the national and the egional level of intevention. The base of the pocess of pepaing the Stategy fo Westen Poland is the belief that it is possible to detemine the maco-egional development potentials and effectively stimulate them though inteegional coopeation, which bings additional development effects, in addition to actions taken at a lowe egional level, and highe national level. The document is an expession of concen of the Polish govenment and local authoities fo the development of one of the key maco-egions of Poland, coveing 5 voivodeships: Dolnośląskie, Lubuskie, Opolskie, Wielkopolskie and Zachodniopomoskie, which spatially binds Ode ive basin, seving as a symbolic axis of the socio-economic development of Westen Poland. The diagnosis and analysis of development tends fo Westen Poland show a pictue of the maco-egion with a high potential fo dynamic development. This is due to its location on the oute connecting Cental and Westen Euope, Southen Euope and Scandinavia, as well as the advantages associated with a high potential fo the development of knowledge-based economy. Both the favouable location of the maco-egion, as well as the science and eseach potential fo coopeation, cause that Westen Poland is chaacteized by high investment attactiveness, the full use of which, though SDWP activities, will incease its competitiveness in the Euopean space. In accodance with the pinciple of evidence-based policy, the analysis of the stengths of Westen Poland, dawn up in accodance with the diagnosis, became the basis fo the designation of development potentials and the main lines of intevention fo Westen Poland. The diectional pat identifies the main aeas of coopeation between the five voivodeships of the maco-egion. The multidimensional coopeation based on patneship and joint effot of govenment and local govenments, in accodance with the motto: coopeation inside to compete on the outside, will incease the competitiveness of the maco-egion in a Euopean dimension. The main development objective of Westen Poland will be achieved though stimulating and stengthening of key maco-egional development potentials. Inceasing the competitiveness of Westen Poland in a Euopean dimension will be achieved by implementing specific objectives: stengthening spatial and functional integation of Westen Poland, building an economic offe and stengthening the scientific and eseach potential of the maco-egion. The SDWP povides a 16

Summay set of actions togethe with indicatos fo monitoing and assessing the degee of achievement of these objectives. The planned development activities elate pimaily to impoving the intenal and extenal accessibility of the maco-egion, inceasing enegy efficiency, ceating a common economic offe, inceasing innovation, boosting economic coopeation and developing the science and eseach secto in Westen Poland. Implementation of development activities in the thee stategic objectives will contibute to the development vision, accoding to which in 2020 Westen Poland will a collaboative, ceative, attactive, mobilizing and open aea. The condition fo successful achievement of development objectives of Westen Poland is the optimal use of the potential of supa-egional coopeation. This will be done though the implementation system of the SDWP that sets the conditions fo establishing and stengthening of multifaceted coopeation between the vaious patnes in the county and aboad woking towads achieving the objectives of the Stategy. The pefomancesystem of the SDWP is pat of the national development management system and is closely associated with the system fo management of EU cohesion policy in Poland, paticulaly in the field of monitoing and evaluation. Vaious available souces of financing will be mobilised, in accodance with the pinciple of financial engineeing fo the implementation of SDWP, with paticula emphasis on the appopiate use of funds fom the Euopean Funds in the peiod 2014-2020, pogammed in national and egional opeational pogammes. Implementation of the SDWP will contibute to maximizing the benefits of an integated and multi-sectoal appoach to the development of Westen Poland and will benefit the esidents, businesses, univesities and eseach and development institutions in the maco-egion. Though dispesion and absoption of development impulses it will also have a positive effect on inceasing the competitiveness of entie Poland. 17

3 DIAGNOSIS AND DEVELOPMENT TRENDS 3.1 DEVELOPMENT AND COMPETITIVE POSITION OF WESTERN POLAND IN RELATION TO ENTIRE POLAND AND THE EUROPEAN UNION AND DEVELOPMENT TRENDS Accoding to the Regional Competitiveness Index 2013 (RCI) fo the EU-27 egions, all Polish egions wee below the Euopean aveage, and voivodeships of Westen Poland wee in classes with the smallest deviation fom the mean values (map 1). On the one hand it indicates a favouable situation of the maco-egion against the whole county, on the othe it points to some deficits on Euopean scale. Regional Competitiveness Repot 2013, published by the Euopean Commission places voivodeships of Westen Poland in places between 190 and 209 among 262 egions of the Euopean Union. Map 1. EU Regional Competitiveness Index (RCI) 2013 Souce: EU Regional Competitiveness Index RCI 2013, P. Annoni, L. Dijksta, Joint Reseach Cente EC, 2013 Westen Poland is chaacteized by lowe levels of socio-economic development, as measued by the value of goss domestic poduct (pe capita), than in the neighbouing foeign egions, especially Geman (map 2). The analysis of the aveage gowth ate of GDP pe capita in the voivodeships of the maco-egion in 2009-2011 and its elation to the national and the EU aveage indicate two speeds of development pocesses taking place in Westen Poland. The leades (with a gowth ate of GDP pe capita above the national aveage) ae Dolnośląskie Voivodeship and Wielkopolskie Voivodeship 24). In 2011, they wee in the goup of egions catching up the fastest with the aveage level of GDP pe capita fo the EU, with espectively 73% and 69% of the aveage. The aveage GDP pe capita fo the maco-egion was 24) Dziemianowicz W., Szlachta J., Diagnoza stategiczna Polski Zachodniej, 2011. 18

Diagnosis and development tends simila to the aveage value in Poland (Figue 1), and these two egions significantly exceeded it (Dolnośląskie Voivodeship by 14.7% and Wielkopolskie Voivodeship by 5.3%). The situation in the est of Westen Poland is somewhat diffeent. Lubuskie Voivodeship, Opolskie Voivodeship and Zachodniopomoskie Voivodeship eached a significantly lowe level of GDP pe capita (ove 80% of the national aveage and aound 50% of EU aveage) and a lowe ate of gowth 25). 26) Map 2. Goss domestic poduct (GDP) pe capita expessed in puchasing powe paity (PPP) by NUTS 2 egions, 2010 26) Chat 1. Goss domestic poduct pe capita by voivodeships elative deviation fom the aveage value in the county in 2009 and 2011 Dolnośląskie Kujawsko-Pomoskie 17,8 Lubelskie 32,1 Lubuskie 17,3 Łódzkie 7,4 Małopolskie 14,0 Mazowieckie Opolskie 19,9 Podkapackie 32,4 Podlaskie 28,2 Pomoskie 4,6 Śląskie Świętokzyskie 25,5 Wamińsko-Mazuskie 27,8 Wielkopolskie Zachodniopomoskie 15,6 4,1 8,0 13,4 2011 2009 63,3 % 50 30 10 10 30 50 70 Souce: Euostat Souce: Podukt Kajowy Butto Rachunki Regionalne w 2011, CSO, 2013 The pojection of GDP pe capita fo Westen Poland indicates that the two speeds of development of Westen Poland will continue, and the theshold of 75% of GDP pe capita of EU-27 in 2020 will be exceeded only by Dolnośląskie Voivodeship and Wielkopolskie Voivodeship 27). Also, only in the case of these two voivodeships thee ae pojections of an incease in the impotance of thei economies in 25) In 2011, the GDP geneated in Westen Poland accounted fo 26% of total national GDP, Wielkopolskie Voivodeship and Dolnośląskie Voivodeship belonged to the leading voivodeships with the lagest shaes in GDP (espectively 9.3% and 8.6%). 26) % of aveage fo EU-27, EU-27=100 (the diffeence in pecentage points between 2009 and 2000, compaed to the aveage fo EU-27). 27) with aveage gowth ate in the Euopean Union at the level of 1.5 2.5%. Lewandowska-Gwada K., Ekspetyza dotycząca pojekcji PKB pe capita (wg PPS) na poziomie województw (NUTS-2) oaz wybanych podegionów (NUTS-3) do 2020 oku waz z analizą konsekwencji ewentualnych zmian klasyfikacji NUTS dla polityki spójności po 2020 oku, 2011. 19

the economy of the county. The shae of Lubuskie Voivodeship and Opolskie Voivodeship in national GDP is pojected to emain at the same level (2.2% and 2.1%), while the shae of Zachodniopomoskie Voivodeship will decease fom 3.9% to 3.6%. Compaed to the est of the county, Westen Poland is chaacteized by high attactiveness fo investos, undestood as the ability to induce investment by offeing benefits that can be achieved in the couse of doing business. Rating of investment attactiveness pepaed annually by the Institute of Maket Economy Reseach indicates continuing high attactiveness of voivodeships of Westen Poland fo locating a wide ange of sevice, industial and high-tech activities, which ae an impotant base fo building and stengthening competitiveness of the maco-egion in the Euopean space (map 3, 4 and 5). Map 3. Investment attactiveness of Polish sub-egions fo industial activity in 2012 Map 4. Investment attactiveness of Polish sub-egions fo sevice activity in 2012 Souce of maps 3 4: Developed by ITD based on: Atakcyjność inwestycyjna województw i podegionów Polski 2012, IbnGR, Gdańsk 2012 The most impotant factos affecting the level of attactiveness of the macoegion fo investos ae elatively stong voivodeship centes with high-quality labou esouces, a convenient location of Westen Poland in Euope, as well as the existing potential to build a knowledge-based economy, thus stengthening those aeas can bing the geatest benefits to incease the competitive position of the maco-egion. Also, a vey high level of entepeneuship in Westen Poland, which is evidence of a high economic activity of inhabitants, is one of the key factos positively affecting the investment attactiveness of the aea (map 6). Entepeneuial attitudes pevalent among esidents of Westen 20

Diagnosis and development tends Map 5. Investment attactiveness of Polish sub-egions fo high-tech activity in 2012 Souce: Developed by ITD based on: Atakcyjność inwestycyjna województw i podegionów Polski 2012, IbnGR, Gdańsk 2012 Map 6. Numbe of newly egisteed entepises pe thousand inhabitants in 2010 (unweighted aveage fo all poviats in Poland = 9.4) Souce: Gajewski P., Poziom i dynamika ozwoju małej i śedniej pzedsiębioczości w Polsce Wschodniej, Ekspetyza spoządzona na potzeby Stategii ozwoju społeczno gospodaczego Polski Wschodniej, Wasaw 2011 Poland ae an impotant foundation fo building dynamic, competitive economies. Westen Poland is also chaacteized by favouable economic stuctue, as compaed with the est of the county, associated with a high degee of maketisation of agicultue and specialised banches of industy. The shae of households living fom wok in agicultue, in paticula wok on own fam, is significantly lowe in Westen Poland than the national aveage (but still is highe than in Westen Euope). Agicultual activity, chaacteized by efficient and maket-oiented poduction, associated with the manufactuing secto, may be an impotant facto fo the development of the macoegion. Both the stuctue of expots, as well as analysis of the economy, indicate a significant ole of industy in the maco-egion, as compaed to the est of the county. Westen Poland includes highly industialized aeas. They belong at the same time to the most developed and fastest gowing egions in Poland, which is depicted by data on the level and dynamics of GDP. In tems of goss value added pe capita (table 1), both in industy and in pocessing industy, Dolnośląskie Voivodeship anks fist in the county, even ahead of Śląskie Voivodeship. In addition to Zachodniopomoskie Voivodeship, the othe voivodeships of the macoegion thee ae also in the national foefont. 21

Table 1. Goss value added by activity and voivodeships in 2011 (cuent pices). Teitoial unit Total Agicultue, foesty, hunting and fishing Industy Constuction Tade, epai of moto vehicles, tanspotation and stoage, accommodation and cateing, infomation and communication Financial and insuance activities, eal estate activities Othe sevices in % Poland 100.0 4.0 25.6 8.0 28.9 10.1 23.5 Dolnośląskie 100.0 2.1 36.8 7.2 23.2 8.9 21.9 Lubuskie 100.0 4.9 30.8 7.3 26.7 8.0 22.3 Opolskie 100.0 5.7 30.1 8.2 25.6 6.8 23.7 Wielkopolskie 100.0 5.6 27.5 8.6 29.7 7.5 21.0 Zachodniopomoskie 100.0 4.1 19.1 9.8 30.7 10.2 26.1 Souce: CSO Leading economic sectos in the maco-egion Westen Poland has significant advantages that can be used until 2020 to enhance the investment attactiveness of the aea and incease the competitiveness of the Euopean space. Voivodeships of Westen Poland ae chaacteized by a elatively high divesity of industy, which is a positive featue that limits the isk fo development aising fom a possible egession of individual industies. The most impotant ole in the industy of the maco-egion, as measued by the numbe of employed and the value of sold poduction, is played by the food industy and poduction of: metal poducts, moto vehicles and pats, funitue, ubbe and plastics. The impotance of thee of these industies coesponds to the stuctue of the industy acoss the county. A specific featue of Westen Poland is an above-aveage shae of automotive and funitue industies. The automotive industy is the industy in espect of which all the voivodeships of the maco-egion, except fo Zachodniopomoskie Voivodeship, stand out in elation to the whole county. It is one of the fastest gowing expot industies in Poland since the 1990s, and Dolnośląskie Voivodeship, Wielkopolskie Voivodeship 22

Diagnosis and development tends and Lubuskie Voivodeship ae along with Śląskie Voivodeship the main aeas of development in this espect. The common featue of voivodeships of Westen Poland is also the stongly developed funitue and timbe industy, based on local esouces and taditions. The electical equipment industy and textile industy ae also developed above the county s aveage. Westen Poland also opeates seveal pocessing industies, which ae chaacteized by high activity in two o thee voivodeships, but thei elatively small ole in othe voivodeships makes that in the scale of the whole maco-egion thei intensity does not diffe fom the aveage fo Poland. These ae the mineal industy, epai and maintenance of machiney and equipment, chemicals, pape, metal poduction, engineeing, manufactue of computes, electonic and optical poducts. Specific industies, in which single voivodeships of Westen Poland specialise, include: in Dolnośląskie Voivodeship mining of metal oes and quaying of ock mateials, in Wielkopolskie Voivodeship manufactue of electical equipment, in Lubuskie Voivodeship mining of natual gas, in Opolskie Voivodeship poduction of coke and chemical industy and in Zachodniopomoskie Voivodeship manufactue of othe tanspot equipment. The instument that enhances economic specialisations (including pimaily the automotive industy, electonics and pinting and timbe industies) ae special economic zones (SEZ). Dolnośląskie Voivodeship is the lagest beneficiay in the county (SEZ set up 46.5 thousand jobs in the egion until the end of 2012, i.e. evey fouth new job in Poland). In tems of newly ceated jobs, the total engagement of investos in special economic zones in fou othe voivodeships of Westen Poland does not each even half of what is taking place in Dolnośląskie Voivodeship 28). 28) Domański, B., Gwosdz, K., Specyfika banżowa i pzestzenne zóżnicowanie pzemysłu w województwach Polski Zachodniej, 2014. 23

Labou esouces Voivodeships of Westen Poland ae chaacteized by high popotion of people of woking age, as compaed to the est of the county, which is quite favouable in view of the development pospects fo 2020. It should be emphasized that the available labou esouces ae used to vaying degees in the diffeent voivodeships of the maco-egion (in 2012, the egisteed unemployment ate in Wielkopolskie Voivodeship was among the lowest in the county 9.8%, while in othe egions it exceeded the national aveage of 13.4%) (map 7). Map 7. Registeed unemployment ate by voivodeship in 2012 Souce: Developed by ITD based on CSO data In ode to make bette use of labou esouces associated with agicultue, we should seek to make futhe changes in the socioeconomic stuctue of ual aeas. The poblem of stuctual unemployment also applies to Westen Poland and equies systemic intevention, among othes, by suppoting outplacement of fames fo whom wok on thei own fam is not a sufficient souce of income. In the maco-egion, as well as in othe pats of the county, despite the cuent favouable situation, one can obseve advese changes in the population stuctue by age, caused by deceasing bith ate and the pogessive aging of the population. Chat 2. Age stuctue of population in 2002 and 2012. % 80,0 60,0 40,0 20,0 0,0 22.7 22.5 18.3 18.1 62.2 63.2 63.9 64.6 Poland Westen Poland 15.1 14.2 17.8 17.3 2002 2012 2002 2012 2002 2012 pe-woking age woking age post-woking age Souce: Calculations based on CSO LDB In the peiod 2002-2012, the numbe of people in pe-woking age in Westen Poland deceased by 19% (in Opolskie Voivodeship by 29%), thus thei shae in the population deceased (in the maco-egion by 4.4 pp, in total in Poland by 4.3 pp). 24

Diagnosis and development tends At the same time, faste than in othe pats of the county, the shae of population in post-woking age inceased (in the maco-egion by 3.0 pp, in Poland in total by 2.7 pp) (chat 2). Demogaphic pojections indicate that less numeous geneations will ente the labou maket in subsequent yeas. The labou supply, deceasing due to changes in the age stuctue, can be futhe educed by emigation. A lage scale of migation of population of woking age, both fo pemanent esidence as well as labou elated, is a chaacteistic of Westen Poland against the est of the county; this undemines the development potential of the aea (chat 3). Chat 3. Coefficient of net intenational migation fo pemanent esidence of the woking age population pe 10 thousand people in 2006-2012 29). 2006 2007 2008 3.7 2,0 7.6 4.8 7,0 12,0 17,0 22,0 17.6 15.2 27,0 26.5 Souce: Own development based on CSO LDB. 2009 2010 1.0 1.3 4.9 5.2 2011 2012 2.1 2.7 7.9 9.0 POLAND Noth-west egion South-west egion Inceased cicula migations in Westen Poland ae lagely due to the immediate vicinity of moe developed aeas 30). In 2013, the people who indicated a diection of possible depatue usually pointed to Gemany, whee the unemployment ate was elatively low. The econometic analyses suggest that the majo facto affecting migation fom Poland to the EU in the next seveal yeas will be the diffeences in unemployment ates between counties, and inceased migation associated with the effects of the new opening labou makets of the counties of Westen Euope was geneally small afte 2005. It can theefoe be assumed that the upwad tend in the numbe of people etuning fom emigation in ecent yeas is elated to the deteioating economic situation and the difficulty of finding a job in the county of emigation. Emigants undemine the development potential of voivodeships fom which they come. It is pedicted that the geatest loss in GDP fo this eason until 2020 will be, among othes, in Dolnośląskie Voivodeship. Smalle losses will be in Opolskie Voivodeship, Zachodniopomoskie Voivodeship and Wielkopolskie Voivodeship 31). The isks of long-tem migation also include so-called bain dain, i.e. the potential 29) The noth-west egion includes Lubuskie Voivodeship, Wielkopolskie Voivodeship and Zachodniopomoskie Voivodeship, while the south-west egion includes Dolnośląskie Voivodeship and Opolskie Voivodeship. 30) CSO, Pognoza ludności na lata 2008-2035, Wasaw 2009, Czapiński, J., Panek, T. (sc. ed.), Diagnoza Społeczna 2013. Waunki i jakość życia Polaków, 2013, 31) See Analiza Instytutu Sobieskiego n 60, 2013 (www.sobieski.og.pl). 25

loss of valuable labou esouces, which in the case of the demand fo cetain pofessions can contibute to the weakening of the economic stuctue in Poland. The negative impact of labou migation can also be significant in the field of demogaphy (incease in aging population, especially if migations ae pemanent) and in the functioning of families sepaated by migation o cicula labou migation. The social consequences in the fom of deceasing potential fo suppot in families ae not without significance, which in tun esults in lesse supply of labou esouces necessay fo economic gowth. The positive effects of migation, especially labou migation, include an incease in disposable pesonal income of households, which in tun causes an incease in consume demand fo local goods and sevices, including innovative ones, and fostes ceation of jobs. Map 8. Foecast of gowth of population in 2011-2020. Souce: Developed by ITD based on CSO data Conclusions fom the foecasts of the Cental Statistical Office show that the pojected demogaphic tends fo the egions of Westen Poland do not deviate fom the nationwide tend (map 8). It is expected that by 2020 the population in the entie maco-egion will decease by 1.9% compaed to 2011, and the population will not decline in Wielkopolskie Voivodeship, whee it is pojected to incease by 0.6%. The lagest pecentage decease in population until 2020 is estimated in Dolnośląskie Voivodeship (about 4%) and Opolskie Voivodeship (3.5%) 32). In view of the numeous labou migations, the loss may be even geate. The gowth of expeience of employees is not without significance; it can be used in the county in ode to implement moe moden, moe technologically advanced solutions. In addition, migation expeiences contibute to highe activity in the labou maket. 32) In 2014, the CSO will elease a new foecast of the population based on the esults of the National Census in 2011, the cuent estimate is based on the esults of the National Census of 2002. 26

Diagnosis and development tends The development pospects of Westen Poland ae dependent, in addition to existing labou esouces, on the quality of human capital. Intenational studies indicate that in the case of a county with such a level of pospeity as Poland, the human capital is stongly positively coelated with the dynamics of economic development 33). Human capital undestood as a body of knowledge, skills and qualifications, and health status, detemines the ability to wok, adapt to changes and the ceativity of individuals, making a significant impact on the development of the whole society and economy. The value of a synthetic indicato of human capital in 2007-2013 fo all voivodeships in the maco-egion inceased systematically, which is consistent with the tend fo the entie Poland. Howeve, the esults of measuements in the voivodeship system point to intenal diffeentiation. In 2013, the highest level of human capital was in Zachodniopomoskie Voivodeship and Dolnośląskie Voivodeship (espectively 5th and 6th position in the county). Opolskie Voivodeship was anked in the middle, and Wielkopolskie Voivodeship and Lubuskie Voivodeship epoted much pooe esults (12th and 14th position). Oveall, the poo assessment of the level of human capital in Westen Poland in compaison with the est of the county is mainly elated to lowe levels of education (deepe analysis in this espect is in the chapte devoted to the potential of knowledge-based economy). Unfavouable chaacteistic of education is somewhat offset by the impact of the cuent demogaphic situation: younge people ae geneally bette equipped with human capital than olde people, and people aged 15-44 yeas ae clealy distinguishable in this espect fom othe goups. Given the demogaphic tends, the impact of migation and expected geneal decline in population, the gowth pospects fo Westen Poland in tems of the level of human capital ae not favouable. Foecasts contained in the Social Diagnosis 2013 that go a little beyond 2020, indicate the gowing impotance of social capital fo the possibility of sustaining development oppotunities of Poland. In this aspect, the tends and pospects fo Westen Poland ae moe optimistic than in the case of the level of human capital, compaed to the est of the county. All voivodeships of Westen Poland wee chaacteised in the peiod 2008-2012 by a high gowth in the numbe of associations and foundations 34), which should be consideed a positive tend and the peequisite fo sustaining the gowth potential of Westen Poland in the futue. 33) Czapiński, J., Panek, T. (sc. ed.), Diagnoza Społeczna 2013. Waunki i jakość życia Polaków, 2013. 34) As pe 10 thousand esidents. (Podstawowe fakty o oganizacjach pozaządowych apot z badania 2012, Stowazyszenie Koln/Jawo, 2013). 27

The cuent, elatively favouable situation egading social capital, at least in pat of the maco-egion is elated to the histoically conditioned tadition of oganising the esidents in cultual and social associations. The educated social capital with bidging chaacteistics is also impotant. It can be descibed by openness to stanges and pagmatic coopeation, possible thanks to the widespead knowledge and acceptance of the pinciples of social coexistence and taditions of coopeation within a wide community 35). 3.2 DIAGNOSIS IN THE FIELD OF IDENTIFIED POTENTIALS 3.2.1 POTENTIAL RELATED TO THE LOCATION Location in the Euopean space The aea of Westen Poland is chaacteised by favouable location in the Euopean space, which is lagely detemined by the poximity of makets of developed EU egions (with highe GDP pe capita). Westen Poland is adjacent to the lagest economic patne of Poland Gemany, and its immediate intenational suoundings include significant Euopean poles of gowth, which ceates favouable conditions fo the flow of capital, knowledge and people. The macoegion is pat of the zone of influence defined by the five majo Euopean cities: Wasaw, Belin, Pague, Vienna and Copenhagen. Pat of cities of Westen Poland ae at a shote distance to Euopean cities than to Wasaw (Wocław, close to Pague and Belin, Szczecin to Belin and Copenhagen, Opole to Pague, Zielona Góa, Gozów Wielkopolski and Poznań to Belin). In addition, the westen bode of the maco-egion, which is also the state bode, ceates favouable conditions fo intensification of coss-bode coopeation fo the development of Westen Poland. The well-developed netwok of cities in voivodeships of Westen Poland is conducive to dissemination of development impulses. The maco-egion includes well developed metopolitan aeas of Wocław, Poznań and Szczecin (the only coss-bode metopolitan aea in the county), which ae impotant fo building the boadly undestood competitiveness of the whole county and ae the most significant factos in the development of domestic and intenational coopeation. Opole, Zielona Góa and Gozów Wielkopolski pefom the functions of the centes of national impotance, playing an impotant ole in building the competitiveness of thei egions and contibuting to the new dynamics of development pocesses in the scale of the maco-egion. 35) Cf. Hebst J., Lackowska M., Mielczaek A., Swianiewicz P., Szafaze daów euopejskich. Kapitał społeczny a ealizacja polityki egionalnej w polskich województwach, 2008. 28

Diagnosis and development tends Map 9. Shae of expots of Polish voivodeships in the poduction sold in 2010 Souce: Developed by ITD based on: Handel zaganiczny w Polsce i Małopolsce, 2010 The positive impact of favouable location of Westen Poland on socioeconomic development is evidenced by the high level of intenationalisation of the economies of voivodeships of Westen Poland (in 2010, the shae of maco-egion in national expots was 30%), as compaed to the est of the county. Relatively stong use of the poximity to the absoptive Geman maket is chaacteistic of the thee voivodeships of the macoegion: Dolnośląskie Voivodeship, Wielkopolskie Voivodeship and Lubuskie Voivodeship, which, among othe things, is due to lowe pices of Polish goods (mainly in Lubuskie) and a elatively high endogenous potential, poviding a high investment attactiveness of the maco-egion 36). In 2004-2011, the voivodeships: Dolnośląskie (13%), Opolskie (12%) and Lubuskie (10%) wee chaacteized by the highest aveage gowth ate of expots in the county (calculated yea on yea), which demonstates the effective establishment of contacts with foeign patnes. In ecent yeas, the atio of foeign sales of individual voivodeships to poduction sold also inceased, indicating consideable openness of the economy of the maco-egion to coopeation with foeign counties (in 2010, the shae of expots in the westen maco-egion in poduction sold was significantly above 41% the national aveage) (map 9, chat 4). Chat 4. Value of expots of voivodeships in elation to the GDP of egions in 2004-2010 (%). 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% dolnośląskie kujawsko-pomoskie lubelskie lubuskie łódzkie małopolskie mazowieckie opolskie podkapackie podlaskie pomoskie śląskie 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 świętokzyskie wamińsko-mazuskie wielkopolskie zachodniopomoskie POLAND 36) Mogiła Z., Zaleski J., Zathey M., Wykozystanie pzyganicznego położenia zachodnich województw Polski dla ozwoju społeczno-gospodaczego, 2011. 29

Souce: Polska Rapot o konkuencyjności 2013, Wymia kajowy i egionalny, Wasaw School of Economics, 2013 Voivodeships of Westen Poland ae among the most EU expot-oiented voivodeships in Poland (ove 80% of sales). Analyses indicate a stong expot links mainly with Gemany, and in the case of Zachodniopomoskie Voivodeship also with EFTA 37), which is mainly due to the specific natue of goods poduced and offeed by the shipbuilding industy. The benefits of the location of Westen Poland ae also demonstated by the potential of expeience of local authoities associated with the building of inteegional, coss-bode and tansnational links. Because of thei bode location, the actos of the maco-egion ae involved in seven Euo-egions (Pomeania, Po Euopa Viadina, Spee-Neisse-Bobe, Neisse, Glacensis, Paděd, Silesia), in which the patnes ae the teitoial units of the Czech Republic, Gemany and Sweden. Examples of effective supa-egional coopeation include the common eseach cente Collegium Polonicum in Słubice (Viadina Euoegion), established by the patne univesities: the Adam Mickiewicz Univesity and the Euopean Univesity Viadina in Fankfut (Ode). With egad to the Polish-Geman bode, one should note the involvement in the Ode Patneship 38). Voivodeships of Westen Poland ae involved in cossbode 39) and tansnational 40) pogammes of the Euopean Teitoial Coopeation. Local govenments of Westen Poland ae also involved in the implementation of inteegional coopeation pogammes INTERREG C (maps 10 and 11), and thei paticipation is limited to a ole of a patne, not a leade. This may signal the institutional baies fo Polish paticipants to engage in pojects moe demanding in oganisational and financial tems. 37) EFTA (Euopean Fee Tade Association) counties: Noway, Switzeland, Iceland, Liechtenstein. 38) This is an infomal netwok of coopeation, involving Dolnośląskie Voivodeship, Lubuskie Voivodeship, Zachodniopomoskie Voivodeship and Wielkopolskie Voivodeship. The Geman egions involved in coopeation ae Mecklenbug-Westen Pomeania, Belin, Bandenbug and Saxony. This initiative aims to integate the Ode egion in tems of politics, economy and infastuctue. 39) Pogammes Czech Republic Republic of Poland 2007-2013; Poland Saxony 2007-2013; Poland Bandenbug 2007-2013, Mecklenbug Vopommen/Bandenbug Poland 2007-2013. Local govenments ae also involved in pepaations fo the teitoial coopeation pogammes fo the peiod 2014-2020. 40) The Baltic Sea Region Pogamme coves the entie teitoy of Denmak, Estonia, Finland, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland and Sweden, and nothen pats of Gemany, Noway and pat of Russia (St. Petesbug and the suounding Leningad Oblast, Kaelia, Distict of Kaliningad, Mumansk, Novgood and Pskov). The stategic objective of the pogamme is to suppot development of a sustainable, competitive and teitoially integated Baltic Sea Region by connecting potentials ove bodes. The Cental Euope Pogamme with the aim of tansnational coopeation between eight Membe States: Czech Republic, Gemany (egions in the east and south of the county), Italy (egions in the noth east), Hungay, Austia, Poland, Slovenia and Slovakia. The pogamme aims to stengthen teitoial cohesion, pomote intenal integation and enhance competitiveness of Cental Euope. 30

Diagnosis and development tends The existing potential in building coopeation beyond bodes is also confimed by the fact that Westen Poland stands out favouably against the whole county in tems of the numbe of patneship ageements signed by local govenments with local govenment units in othe counties. Map 10. Lead patnes in INTERREG C III and IV (Januay 2011). Map 11. Numbe of poject patnes in INTERREG IIIC and IVC pogammes (Januay 2011). Souce: ESPON, 2012 Souce: ESPON, 2012 Westen Poland is on the tail of intenational tanspot coidos (fom Westen Euope to Easten Euope, including to Belaus, Russia and the Baltic States), ceating favouable conditions fo effective boosting of development pocesses. The tanspot outes passing though the maco-egion and included in the so-called Tans-Euopean coidos ae of paticula impotance, namely the Baltic Adiatic oute: banch Szczecin/Świnoujście Poznań Wocław Ostava and the Noth Sea Baltic Sea oute: Helsinki Wasaw Poznań Belin Amstedam/Antwep. The favouable location of Westen Poland is also demonstated by the Euopean Gouping fo Teitoial Coopeation (EGTC) initiative of the Cental Euopean Tanspot Coido, which is to connect majo economic centes of Westen Poland with egions of the Scandinavian Peninsula and though the Czech Republic and Slovakia with the Balkans. The Initiative became the basis fo undetaking specific investment pojects in 2007-2013 in Poland in the field of oad and ail infastuctue and stengthening entepeneuship development zones along the 31

main outes included in the Coido (oute E65, ailway lines E 59 and C-E 59, and the Ode Wateway) 41). The CETC has been enteed by the EU to the TEN-T coe infastuctue 42) as a banch of the Baltic Adiatic coido, which povides an oppotunity fo faste implementation of infastuctue elements included in this coido. Map 12. Westen Poland against the backgound of intenational links. Westen Poland also lies on the oute of the main maitime tanspot coidos in the Baltic Sea Region (map 12). Though the developed pot sevices of Szczecin and Świnoujście, the maco-egion has connections with othe pots of the Wold. In addition to Gdańsk and Gdynia, the nodes of Westen Poland maitime tanspot ae vital to the national economy. In 2012, they handled 54.7% of national maitime passenge tanspot and wee chaacteized by high shaes in cago tunove in Poland (Szczecin 12.9%, Świnoujście 19.2%). Souce: Developed by ITD tanspot 43). Pot of Świnoujście is the lagest Polish fey base with the state-of-the-at teminal, the only one in the county that suppots fey ail connections, which ceates favouable conditions fo linking wate tanspot with ail Howeve, data fom 2005-2012 indicate that the asset of Westen Poland associated with location by the sea is becoming weake. In the analysed peiod, the feight tunove in including seapots of the maco-egion (in thousands of tons) 41) An ealie initiative of the Cental Euopean Tanspot Coido CETC ROUTE65, poposed in 2004 by six Euopean egions fom Poland, Sweden, Czech Republic and Slovakia. Cuently CETC includes 17 egions fom 6 counties, including 4 fom Westen Poland. 42) Regulation (EU) No 1315/2013 of the Euopean Paliament and of the Council of 11 Decembe 2013 on Union guidelines fo the development of the tans-euopean tanspot netwok and epealing Decision No 661/2010/EU (OJ L 348, 20.12.2013. p. 1). 43) Świnoujscie also builds a gas teminal (extenal teminal), which will allow fo eceiving liquefied natual gas by sea fom any diection in the wold. It is now one of the lagest and most impotant long-tem infastuctue investments in Poland, and with the launch of the teminal Poland will become pat of the global gas maket. 32

Diagnosis and development tends deceased, and its shae in national tunove declined (fom 38.5% to 35.5%). The scale of intenational passenge taffic also deceased. Loweing the competitiveness of pots in the maco-egion is associated with the changes to the wold's mechant fleet standads and inadequate measues fo the modenisation of the Ode Wateway, which connects to the Polish system of wateways (though Wata Noteć Bydgoszcz Canal Vistula) and Westen Euope wateways (though channels Ode-Spee and Ode-Havel). Due to the long lack of compehensive investment in the Ode Wateway, the advantageous location of Westen Poland in the system of inland wateways is not sufficiently used. Despite the consideable funds allocated unde the cohesion policy fo impoving the navigability in the EU pogamming peiod 2007-2013 (six investments of the total value of PLN 406 million), the tanspot ole of the Ode is deceasing and its hydo-technical facilities do not meet the paametes coesponding to cetain categoies of sailing classification 44). In addition, the vaiability of wate flows and limits on the opeating paametes of the coido also ceate unstable conditions fo the development of inland navigation. The tanspot function of the Ode is pefomed only at sections Szczecin Belin and Wocław Kędziezyn-Koźle (Gliwice Canal). Extenal tanspot accessibility Expansion of the main Euopean and national tanspot outes and linking them to the tanspot system in Gemany means that Westen Poland, as compaed to the est of the county, is assessed as an aea with good tanspot accessibility to the main Euopean centes of economic gowth. Voivodeships located in the westen pat of the county have the best oad and ail accessibility among all Polish egions. The analysis of the level of potential accessibility at the Euopean level indicates the aleady developed tansition stip with highe ates of accessibility of oad and ail tanspot than in the est of the county (among othes, aeas located along the A4 and A2 motoways, Poznań Metopolitan Aea) (map 13) 45). 44) Odinance of the Council of Ministes of 7 May 2002 on the classification of inland wateways (Dz.U. No. 77, item 695). 45) Cf. Komonicki, T., Dostępność tanspotowa Polski Zachodniej, Using a synthetic indicato, potential accessibility epesents the sum of the elationships between all the centes, egions, taking into account the time of tavel and the impotance (attactiveness) of a unit in the system (demogaphic, economic potential o othe) in 2006. 33

Map 13. Potential multimodal accessibility in the Euopean fame of efeence in 2011 Souce: ESPON TRACC Daft Final Repot, 2013 futhe impove its accessibility in the Euopean system. The elatively good tanspot accessibility of the maco-egion is also affected by the existing aipot infastuctue with a netwok of intenational ai connections (Westen Poland has aipots which play a significant ole in ai taffic: Wocław-Stachowice, Poznań-Ławica and Szczecin-Goleniów and a smalle aipot Zielona Góa-Babimost). In 2012, the aipots in the maco-egion handled 15.8% of the passenges in the county (3.86 million), and thei impotance is gowing, as evidenced by an incease in total passenge taffic in 2009-2012 (in Wocław- Stachowice aipot by 46%, Poznań Ławica about 25%). Impovement in tanspot accessibility of Westen Poland will also be influenced by the opening of the Belin Bandenbug aipot, which may also contibute to the development of tanspot connections in Westen Poland and to Despite the good accessibility to the Westen Euopean centes, Westen Poland is an aea with a lowe level of tanspot accessibility than in the Westen Euope. Conclusions of the V Cohesion Repot of the Euopean Union show a vey high efficiency of potential investments to impove tanspot accessibility of Westen Poland compaed to the EU (accessibility of cetain aeas would incease fom 60% to 100%) (map 14). These esults ae consistent with the opinions fomulated on the basis of the analyses of intenational links. Accoding to these analyses, the best esults in impoving the accessibility of the maco-egion at the Euopean level would be achieved though incease in the oad accessibility of Cental Pomeania (including in paticula the sub-egion of Koszalin), implementation of investments impoving the oad and ail accessibility of Wocław, as well as linking oad and ail netwoks with Czech netwoks 46). 46) Cf. ibid. 34

Diagnosis and development tends Map 14. Potential incease in % of the level of accessibility in Euope in oad tanspot (left) and ail tanspot (ight) wzost w % wzost w % < 15 60-75 15-30 75-90 30-45 90-105 45-60 > 105 Canaias Guyane Guadeloupe Matinique < 30 70-80 30-45 80-90 45-60 90-100 60-70 > 100 Canaias Guyane Réunion Açoes Guadeloupe Matinique Réunion Madeia REGIOgis Açoes Madeia REGIOgis Souce: V Cohesion Repot of the Euopean Commission, 2010 Intenal tanspot accessibility In contast to the good accessibility to Euopean centes, in compaison to the est of the county, the maco-egion of Westen Poland is chaacteized by low intenal tanspot accessibility (map 15). Capitals of Westen Poland ae pooly connected with each othe and with national metopolises located outside of the macoegion. The esult of such a situation is weakening of the chances to feely spead development impulses not only within the maco-egion, but also in the whole county. Tanspot accessibility of individual voivodeships in the maco-egion is divese (map 16). The geatest accessibility can be found in Opolskie Voivodeship and Wielkopolskie Voivodeship, which is the esult of, inte alia, physical and geogaphical featues. These ae the aeas located close to majo domestic cities and the infastuctue poviding highe speeds of tavels to these cities (e.g. motoways and two ailway lines with impoved paametes the Cental Rail Line and the oute Wasaw Poznań Belin, as well as the E30 line, belonging to the Pan-Euopean Tanspot Coido III connecting Gemany, Poland and Ukaine). Westen Poland undewent qualitatively significant changes in oad tanspot, in paticula in 2012 and 2013, in connection with the gadual lengthening of the motoway A4, A2 on the oute Wasaw Belin, as well as expessways: S3, S6/A6, S5 and S11. 35

The aea of Westen Poland needs futhe impovement of tanspot connections with the administative and economic centes of cental Poland, including mainly with Wasaw (it is still bette communicated with Belin and Desden). Zachodniopomoskie Voivodeship has the lowest tanspot accessibility in the county. Cental Pomeania, nothen pat of Wielkopolska and the Sudeten (especially Kłodzko Valley) ae among the aeas with the pooest accessibility to the cente of the county and the poo and vey poo tavel times to the neaest voivodeship centes (above 90 and 120 minutes by oad), which is one of the causes of difficult access to egional labou makets, as well as to public sevices located in voivodeship centes. Map 15. The main elements of the tanspot netwok and the aeas with the pooest tavel times in 2011 Map 16. Tanspot accessibility in Poland in 2012. Netwok of majo ci es Main elements of the tanspot netwok in 2011 Local netwok lines Aipots handling moe than 1 million capital Conven onal 120 140 km/h passenges (in 2009) selected conven onal up to 120 km/h othe voivodeship Boad-Gauge Metallugy Line Seapots the most impotant Impotant, conven onal of fundamental impotance egional outside Poland fo the economy and othes Road netwok aeas with the wost me motoways accessibility fo cas expessways netwok of motoways and expessways outside Poland in EU and othe majo outside EU Ode Wateway Poviats chaacteized by aveaged me accessibility by ca to the voivodeship centes bad (90-120 minutes) vey bad (above 120 minutes) Souce: NSDC 2030 Souce: Rosik P., Komonicki T., Stępniak M., Pomianowski W., Ocena wpływu pojektów dogowych ealizowanych w amach Regionalnych Pogamów Opeacyjnych na zwiększenie dostępności tanspotowej województw. Wasaw: Ministy of Regional Development, 2012 Szczecin, which is one of the cities with geat connections to the Geman centes, including Belin, also has one of the weakest tanspot accessibility in domestic tems (aveage oad and ail accessibility to othe MEGA centes in the county is 36

Diagnosis and development tends 375 minutes and 380 minutes). This is due to both the geogaphical distance and the low quality of oad and ail. The netwok of ailway lines unning though Westen Poland is well developed and communicated in latitudinal aangement with the existing oad infastuctue, but its poo technical condition sometimes esults in long tain ides, making ail less impotant as a means of tanspot, especially in the noth-south axis 47). Analysis of ailway timetables (2013) indicates that the limit of thee hous in the maco-egion is not achieved fo connections of Szczecin and Gozów Wielkopolski with Wocław and Opole and between Poznań and Opole. The analyses show that the baies to inceasing the accessibility of the macoegion in tems of communication ae not only the educed opeational pefomance of the ailway netwok 48), but also unsatisfactoy technical condition of the existing oad infastuctue, insufficient numbe of cossings on the Ode, and the limited capacity of national oads (especially DK3, DK5 and DK11). The esults clealy indicate that the existing tanspot infastuctue, despite its extensive spatial system, is not able to effectively connect voivodeship centes Westen Poland, which tanslates to less consistency of the maco-egion and consequently pooe gowth pospects. This makes it difficult, among othes, to tansfe know-how and stengthen the functional elations aimed at the spead of development not only within Westen Poland, but also with othe national and intenational centes. Touism The favouable location in Euope, as well as natual, cultual and health values of Westen Poland epesent a significant, but not fully exploited potential fo development (map 17). Sudeten Mountains in the south and the Baltic Sea to the noth ae one of the most attactive touist aeas of the county, holding togethe the lake distict (in voivodeships: Zachodniopomoskie, Wielkopolskie and Lubuskie) and the system of wateways, upland, as well as dense and extensive foests. One should also note the touist potential of the Ode, which despite patial egulation, is still a ive of high natual value, a majo intenational 47) The backbone of ailway netwok in Westen Poland is based mainly on the lines coveed by AGC and AGTC ageements, in the coidos: E59 on the oute Świnoujście Szczecin Poznań Wocław; C-E59 on the oute: Świnoujście Szczecin Wocław Chałupki, C59/1 Nowa Sól Żagań Zgozelec Zawidów and C59/2 Wocław Międzylesie and west east: E20/C-E20 on the oute Świecko Poznań Wasaw Teespol; E30 on the oute Zgozelec Wocław Katowice Kaków Medyka; C-E30 on the oute Zgozelec Wocław Katowice Medyka and C30 Hoka Zgozelec. 48) A significant pat of the ailway netwok has a high pecentage of tack laid on wooden sleepes (including with exceeded sevice life), tacks at stations unsuitable to cuent needs, non-functional ailway stations and platfoms, the poo state of taffic contol and ide contol facilities. 37

ecological coido, binging togethe a wealth of habitats of species of floa and fauna. The significant touist potential of Westen Poland is also evidenced by the ich and divese cultual heitage, including both palace and pak complexes, castles and mano houses (Dolnośląskie, Lubuskie, Opolskie, Wielkopolskie), technical monuments, fotifications and militay establishment (Kłodzko, Koźle, Międzyzecze Fotified Region, Nysa, Sebna Góa, Kostzyn, Poznań fotess) and peseved histoic uban systems of towns and medieval villages (Opolskie, Zachodniopomoskie, Lubuskie). In tems of satuation with histoic buildings, Dolnośląskie, Lubuskie and Opolskie Voivodeships occupy leading positions in Poland, and they also have popeties inscibed on the UNESCO Wold Heitage List. Westen Poland also has ich natual esouces, including vey impotant deposits of mineal wates. The maco-egion has deposits of medicinal wates (including themal wate in Lubuskie and Wielkopolskie), concentated mostly in spas and towns in Lowe Silesia and Westen Pomeania. The most impotant of these include health esots in Sudeten: Lądek-Zdój, Kudowa-Zdój, Świeadów-Zdój, Polanica- Zdój, Szczawno-Zdój, Duszniki-Zdój, Cieplice Śląskie-Zdój, Długopole-Zdój, Jedlina-Zdój, Pzezeczyn, Czeniawa and health esots in Westen Pomeania: Połczyn-Zdój, Kamień Pomoski, Kołobzeg and Świnoujście. Map 17. Touism attactiveness of Poland Souce: Kozak M., Tuystyka i dziedzictwo kultuowe Polski Zachodniej, Wasaw 2011 Touism a ac veness vey a ac ve aea a ac ve aea Main touism func ons leisue touing spa Zouism impotance of town vey big big aveage Pope es inscibed on the unesco wold heitage list (backet: yea of enty) Histoical Cente of Kaków (1978) Wieliczka Salt Mine (1978) Bialowieża Foest (1979, 1992) Concenta on Camp in Auschwitz (1979) Histoical Cente of Wasaw (1980) Old Town in Zamość (1992) Castle of the Teutonic Ode in Malbok (1997) Medieval City of Touń (1997) Sanctuay in Kalwaia Zebzydowska (1999) Chuches of Peace in Jawo and Świdnica (2001) Wooden Chuches of Southen Małopolska (2003) Muskaue Pak (2004) Centennial Hall in Wocław (2006) Bochnia Salt Mine (2013) 38

Diagnosis and development tends Touism attactiveness, natual and cultual, makes Westen Poland one of the main places to elax in Poland, concentating 38% of beds in the county. Given the numbe of ovenight stays in 2011, Zachodniopomoskie Voivodeship was the fouth (afte Małopolskie Voivodeship, Pomoskie Voivodeship and Mazowieckie Voivodeship) most visited egion and Dolnośląskie Voivodeship and Wielkopolskie Voivodeship wee espectively fifth and sixth. Because of the location nea the bode, as well as due to histoical factos, the foeign touists visiting the maco-egion ae mostly Geman touists (in 2012, 47.7% of touists and 67.8% of ovenight stays). In 2009-2012 thee was an incease in thei numbe, paticulaly in touist esots of Zachodniopomoskie Voivodeship and the Sudeten Mountains. The touist potential of Westen Poland associated with the common cultual heitage and natual values (including the favouable system of wateways) is an impotant base fo coopeation of voivodeships 49). The aea of Westen Poland includes examples of netwok touism poducts, but they ae athe limited to the aea of one voivodeship (e.g. Valley of Palaces and Gadens of the Jelenia Góa Basin, Tail of extinct volcanoes, Lubusz Mead and Wine Route, Tail of wooden chuches aound the Zielonka Foest, the Piast Route, West Pomeanian Sailing Tail), which poves insufficient coopeation between voivodeships of the maco-egion in this egad. Positive examples in the aea of touism include few activities that go beyond one voivodeship: the Cistecian Tail, o initiatives aound the Ode Rive (among othes, Ode fo touists 2014, the Polish-Geman Touist Coopeation in the famewok of the Ode Patneship, the Association of Main Ode). A facto that advesely affects the pospects of such coopeation is the stategy of mutual competition adopted by the diffeent egions, which is not conducive to ceating a common vision based on a netwok touist poducts, building potential fo the entie maco egion. At the moment, thee is no eadily identifiable band of the maco-egion, and scatteed touist offe is diected to unspecified touists, making it difficult to ceate specialised touist egions with significant supa-egional development potential. Resouces and powe infastuctue Westen Poland has majo enegy esouces (map 18). The maco-egion supplies 37.5% of the national poduction of lignite. Almost 75% of documented domestic deposits of this mateial is located thee (72% in voivodeships: Dolnośląskie, 49) Kozak M., Tuystyka i dziedzictwo kultuowe Polski Zachodniej, Wasaw 2011. 39

Wielkopolskie and Lubuskie). The maco-egion has also the lagest oil eseves in Poland (95%) and 70% of natual gas deposits 50). Map 18. Pesence of deposits and mineals and ecoveable esouces in deposits 51). Legnicko-Głogowski Okęg Miedziowy Zagłębie Tuoszowskie Zagłębie Pomoskie Zagłębie Konińskie Zagłębie Gónośląskie Rybnickie Zagłębie Węglowe Zagłębie Kujawskie Zagłębie Kłodawskie Zagłębie Bełchatowskie Zagłębie Tanobzeskie Zagłębie Lubelskie Zagłębie Kapackie Mining of majo mineal esouces: Enegy esouces Deposit of majo mineal coal esouces lignite Enegy esouces cude oil coal natual gas lignite Oes cude oil and natual gas coppe zinc and lead Chemical aw mateials sulphu ock salt Oes ion coppe zinc and lead Chemical aw mateials sulphu ock salt potassium salt phosphates Souce: www.wiking.edu.pl Westen Poland also has significant esouces of enewable enegy souces (RES), including mainly geothemal enegy esouces (mostly at tempeatues below 80 C, suitable fo heating), but due to technical and economic easons only limited use is now possible. The shae of the maco-egion in the poduction of geothemal enegy in Poland was 12.3%. Zachodniopomoskie Voivodeship is a leading manufactue of this enegy in the county. The analysis of the numbe and capacity of diffeent types of RES indicates that the maco-egion is a leade in wind enegy (ove 50% of capacity in the county), while the shae of hydoelectic and biogas powe is popotional to the shae in the total population (about 25%). Installed and achievable capacities of wind enegy in the maco-egion in 2011 wee espectively 47.1% and 47.5% of the national capacity. Zachodniopomoskie Voivodeship has the lagest shae in national capacity among the voivodeships of the maco-egion appoximately 28% of installed capacity and 26.5% of achievable capacity. Installed and achievable capacities of hydopowe in the maco-egion in 2011 wee espectively 24.0% and 23.3% of the national capacity. Lubuskie Voivodeship has the lagest shae 50) Own calculations based on Balance of mineal esouces in Poland. As of 31 XII 2012. Data include ecoveable esouces excluding deposits in the Polish economic zone of the Baltic Sea. 51) The maco-egion has also esouces of limestone, which is the basis fo the development of cement and lime industy, with a significant shae in the industial poduction of Opolskie Voivodeship. 40

Diagnosis and development tends in national capacity among the voivodeships of the maco-egion nealy 12% of installed and achievable capacity. In 2011, the lagest shae in the numbe of wind fams in Westen Poland was ecoded in Wielkopolskie Voivodeship (64.5% of wind powe plants in the macoegion) and in Zachodniopomoskie Voivodeship (23.0% of wind powe plants in the maco-egion). The lagest shae in the numbe of hydopowe plants in Westen Poland was ecoded in Dolnośląskie Voivodeship (33.6% hydopowe plants in the maco-egion) and Zachodniopomoskie Voivodeship (24% of hydopowe plants in the maco). The shae of RES in electicity poduction in both Westen Poland and in the whole county is much lowe than the EU aveage; this is among othe things due to insufficient development of highquality powe netwok 52). Much lowe satuation with tansmission netwoks as compaed with Westen Euopean counties is an evidence of development gap of both Westen Poland and the whole county (map 19). Coss-bode connections of the national electicity system located in the maco-egion ae insufficient. They do not allow fo a geate flow of powe in intenational elations and limit the possibility of ceating a single Euopean netwok, which in the long tem may advesely affect the investment attactiveness of the maco-egion 53). 52) Małyszko O., Bezpieczeństwo enegetyczne Polski Zachodniej, 2011. 53) As of 2011, Westen Poland has coss-bode connections with Gemany and the Czech Republic: 2-tack line Kajnik Vieaden designed fo 400 kv, cuently woking at 220 kv, 2-tack line 400 kv Mikułowa Hagenwede, 1-tack line 400 kv Dobzeń Albechtice, 2-tack line 110 kv Boguszow Poici, 1-tack line 110 kv Kudowa Nahod. 41

Map 19. Plan of powe tansmission gid in the aea of Cental Euope Souce: Second epot on the impact of egulations on the opeating conditions and the development of linea infastuctue of fuel and enegy secto cucial fo enegy secuity of the county, the Ageement on coopeation in the ceation of new legal solutions to facilitate the implementation of infastuctue investments, Wasaw, 2010 The majo weaknesses of the tansmission system in Westen Poland ae poo connections. Weaknesses of the distibution system ae mainly elated to access to the high voltage netwok (220 and 400 kv) and the lage shae of ovehead lines in elation to cable lines. The aea with least investments in enegy infastuctue in Westen Poland is Lubuskie Voivodeship (no connection to the 400 kv, only thee stations of 220/110 kv), mainly due to the lack of lage powe plants in the aea. A simila situation is in Zachodniopomoskie Voivodeship, which weakens its potential associated with the ability to use significant esouces fo wind enegy. In accodance with the Stategy fo Enegy Secuity and the Envionment, the theat of extensive failue in a lage aea of the county is athe small and can aise only in the case of a seies of unfavouable cicumstances, such as high enegy demand combined with advese weathe conditions 54). 54) Fo 2014 the scheduled is to launch a powe plant in Gubin and stat expanding Opole Powe Plant, which will help to stengthen the enegy secuity of not only the maco-egion, but also the entie county. 42

Diagnosis and development tends 3.2.2 POTENTIAL RELATED TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF KNOWLEDGE-BASED ECONOMY Level of innovation in Westen Poland The values of the Summay Innovation Index developed by the Euopean Commission fo egions indicate a slight innovation potential of the maco-egion compaed to the Euopean Union, having a significant impact on the pospects fo building knowledge-based economy 55). Map 20. Level of innovation in EU-28, Noway and Switzeland. All egions bodeing Poland in the west and south have a highe innovation efficiency than the most developed voivodeships of Westen Poland (map 20). At the same time, Belin, South-westen Bandenbug, Leipzig and Desden ae among the stong geneatos of innovation. In the East, the maco-egion bodes with voivodeships of compaable, low level of innovation, and togethe with othe Polish egions ceates a homogeneous goup, whee only Mazowieckie Voivodeship stands out as a national leade. Leades of innova on Followes of innova on Modeate innovatos Regions with low innova on In the case of Westen Poland, one can indicate a ange of social, economic and spatial factos, which affect the level of innovation, both on the demand side and on the supply side 56). The demand side of the innovation Souce: Regional Innovation Scoeboad 2012 pocess is stongly detemined by the level of wealth of the society and the level of human capital, which ae eflected in the attitudes of openness and willingness to puchase new, innovative poducts and sevices. The financial situation of esidents of Westen Poland is favouable compaed to the est of the 55) Accoding to the OECD definition it is the economy based diectly on ceation (teated as poduction), futhe tansfe (i.e. distibution) and the pactical use of knowledge and infomation. 56) The ceation of innovation depends on the supply-side factos, i.e. the widely undestood technological capacity of the economy (the sphee of science intoducing innovations into the economy, the level of technological advancement of industy and sevices, esouces of highly-skilled wokfoce) and demand-side factos, i.e. the impact of consumes (clients) on the fomation of the offe of companies opeating on the maket. 43

county, which is eflected, among othes, by lowe than aveage isk of exteme povety of the population (accoding to data fo 2012, the pecentage of people in households with expenditue below the subsistence minimum is 6.2% in the maco-egion, compaed to 6.8% fo Poland). The phenomenon which can have a significant effect, both positive and negative, on the demand side of innovation pocesses ae inceased cicula migations. In this aspect, it is woying that the young people with univesity degees moe often go to wok aboad because they could not find satisfactoy employment in the voivodeships of the maco-egion. In the shot tem, this leads to the eduction of imbalance in local labou makets, but in the long tem it may have an advese impact on stengthening of innovation capacity of the maco-egion, the moe so because the majoity of migant wokes opting fo tempoay wok aboad take jobs inconsistent with thei education and below thei qualifications. This may lead to a eduction in the level of thei competence in the futue, advesely affecting the ability to function in the domestic labou maket and educing the added value that they would bing at the time of etun to the county. Potential of scientific and eseach secto in Westen Poland Westen Poland has a elatively low level of development of science and eseach in compaison to the national leades in the field: Mazowieckie Voivodeship and Małopolskie Voivodeship. In 2011, total expenditues on R&D in the macoegion accounted fo only 17% of domestic spending, and thei shae in GDP by egion and pe capita was lowe than the aveage in Poland (map 22). The value of GERD 57) was also consideably below the aveage fo Poland and Opolskie Voivodeship and Lubuskie Voivodeship occupied the last positions in the county (map 21). 57) Goss Domestic Expenditue on R&D. 44

Diagnosis and development tends Map 21. GERD in Poland in elation to egional GDP in 2010 Map 22. Cuent expenditues on basic eseach and applied eseach in elation to egional GDP in 2010 Souce: Developed by ITD based on: Nauka i technika 2011, CSO Souce: Developed by ITD based on: Nauka i technika 2011, CSO Despite the elatively weak position of Westen Poland in compaison to the est of the county and the EU, in 2005-2011 thee was a significant incease in expenditue on R&D, by which the maco-egion inceased its shae in national expenditues (the national aveage was a twofold incease: fom PLN 5.6 to 11.7 billion, in Opolskie Voivodeship and Zachodniopomoskie Voivodeship theefold, in Wielkopolskie Voivodeship and Dolnośląskie Voivodeship twofold). In Lubuskie Voivodeship in 2005-2009 the expenditues deceased (fom PLN 36 million to 29 million), but afte 2009 inceased again. In 2012, in Westen Poland thee wee 25% of univesities in the county, which povided education fo 25% of all students. In 1999-2012 thee was a significant gowth in the development of highe education. Voivodeships of the maco-egion inceased the numbe of univesities slightly faste than the aveage fo the county, and the lagest incease was ecoded in Opolskie Voivodeship, which doubled the numbe of highe education institutions in the given peiod (fom thee to six). In the academic yea 2011/12, highe education institutions in Poland had 485 thousand gaduates, of which 25% have completed studies at univesities in Westen Poland. The geatest potential in attacting and absobing students in the labou makets in the maco-egion can be seen in Wocław and Poznań (ove 60%). The academic 45

centes of the maco-egion with a elatively lage popotion of students coming fom outside the voivodeship (and theefoe a elatively good ability to attact human capital) include Szczecin and Zielona Góa, but thei potential to etain gaduates is small, which may indicate low absobency of local labou makets in which gaduates fom outside the voivodeship ae unable to find satisfactoy employment afte gaduation. Map 23. HRST (synthetic indicato of human esouces in science and technology) as a pecentage of total population in 2011 The population of the maco-egion is chaacteized by a elatively low level of education compaed to the est of the county. In 2012, in all voivodeships, the shae of the population aged 15-64 with highe education in the total population in this age goup was lowe than the national aveage of 21.5%. A deficit in this aspect is also evidenced by the analysis of human esouces in science and technology indicato (HRST) most desiable fo the development of knowledge-based economy (in the maco-egion the value of HRST is below the aveage fo the county, with the smallest potential in Lubuskie Voivodeship and Opolskie Voivodeship) (map 23). Souce: Developed by ITD based on: Nauka i technika 2011, CSO The imbalance between supply and demand on the labou maket in Westen Poland may be illustated, to some extent, with the esults of the poject Uczelnia Pzyjazna Pacodawcom (Employe-Fiendly Univesities), aimed at identifying national univesities which, by educating gaduates in accodance with the needs of the labou maket and by woking with employes, make an impotant contibution to building competitive advantage and maket position of the companies, indiectly having a positive effect on the economy 58). In the fist edition of this poject, none of the univesities in Westen Poland was included in the cumulative list of eight employe-fiendly schools. It is woth mentioning that in the anking dawn up solely on the basis of assessments of employes (assessment coveed two elements: pepaing gaduates fo wok and coopeation with the 58) Aendt Ł. (ed.), Rapot z badań w pojekcie Uczelnia Pzyjazna Pacodawcom, Institute of Labou and Social Studies, e-dialog sp. z o. o., Wasaw 2010. Assessment caied out in fou aeas: degee of adaptation of gaduates to the equiements of the labo maket, coopeation between univesities and employes, caee oppotunities afte gaduation and competency gaps of gaduates. 46

Diagnosis and development tends univesity), the second place among the distinguished ten univesities in the county was occupied by the Poznań Univesity of Economics. The poblems in tems of taining staff fo the knowledge-based economy in Westen Poland include, among othes, incompatibility of highe education and the labou maket, despite the elatively high employment ate compaed to the est of the county. The eseach caied out unde the poject Study of Human Capital in Poland in 2010 shows that the lagest scale of unmet demand in Westen Poland is among specialists and technicians. The geatest shotages of wokes in Westen Poland wee identified among middle level employees fo business and administation, health pofessionals and constuction wokes, as well as specialists in the economics and management and ICT specialists. Suplus of wokes occued in goups of unskilled wokes, in sevices and sales and among office wokes. The potential of Westen Poland in tems of the possibility to incease innovation may include academic centes (map 24) occupying high positions in the national ankings of univesities 59). In the anking of Pespektywy 2013, among 83 suveyed univesities, 21 epesented Westen Poland (25.3%) 60). The top ten included fou univesities fom Westen Poland (univesities in Wocław and Poznań, Wocław Univesity of Technology and Poznań Univesity of Medical Sciences). Univesity of Poznań and Wocław and Poznań Univesities of Technology wee also among the 10 most pestigious univesities in Poland. In tems of innovation capacity, Wocław Univesity of Technology anks fist in the county. The top ten included also Poznań Univesity of Technology, Wocław Univesity of Envionmental and Life Sciences and West Pomeanian Univesity of Technology in Szczecin 61). 59) In the most pestigious global anking of the top 500 univesities in the wold (Academic Ranking of Wold Univesities, ARWU), also known as the Shanghai List, Polish univesities of Westen Poland ae not listed. In 2013, Poland was epesented only by the Wasaw Univesity and the Jagiellonian Univesity which wee anked in the fou hundeds. 60) The note in the anking compises of: evaluation of univesity pestige in the eyes of employes, academic staff, winnes and finalists of contests, the position of univesity in intenational ankings; evaluation of innovation; evaluation of the scientific potential and academic efficiency (among othes, confeed degees, publications, numbe of PhD students), studying conditions and the degee of intenationalisation (i.a. foeign students, numbe of classes taught in a foeign language, numbe of teaches fom aboad). 61) The citeion of the potential fo innovation includes: patents, potection ights and licenses, funds obtained fom the EU, innovative facilities of univesity. 47

Map 24. Highe education in Poland by egions. Koszalin Gdynia Gdańsk Elbląg Olsztyn Szczecin Bydgoszcz Białystok Touń Gozów Wlkp. Poznań Włocławek Płock Waszawa Chociebuz Zielona Góa Kalisz Łódź Radom Legnica Wocław Lublin Wałbzych Częstochowa Kielce Opole Rybnik Katowice Kaków Tanów Rzeszów Bielsko-Biała HIGHER EDUCATION Pofessos and assistant pofessos in highe educa on (2008/2009) (accoding to data of the MSHE) Public univesi es Pivate univesi es Numbe of schools fom the fist 50 in the anking of Rzeczpospolita newspape and Pespektywy magazine Phd students pe 100 thousand esidents Souce: NSDC 2030 The maco-egion has 18% of national scientific bodies with fist categoy awaded in 2010 by the Ministe of Science and Highe Education 62). The majoity ae economic depatments of univesities and faculties and institutes of the Polish Academy of Sciences in the field of agicultual sciences and foesty. Howeve, none of the entities in Westen Poland was among the top six national eseach units selected and aised by the Ministe of Science and Highe Education to the ank of Leading National Reseach Centes, binging togethe the most talented eseaches and students in the field of science and medicine, health and physical cultue 63). Despite high positions in the national anking lists, scientific and R&D centes of the maco-egion ae chaacteized by insufficient links within intenational netwoks. The typology of Euopean egions classifies them as non-inteactive egions (like the whole of Poland), which eflects the limited oppotunities fo mutual leaning, tansfe of knowledge, connecting dispesed potentials and 62) The categoy of a scientific unit on a scale of 1 to 5 is detemined by the Ministe fo Highe Education. With egad to the esults of scientific activity the ate takes note of: eviewed publications; scientific monogaphs and handbooks; having the powe to awad degees. In tems of pactical applications of eseach esults and development activities, it evaluates: new technologies, mateials, poducts, systems, sevices and methods; implementing the esults of eseach and development activities; patents, licenses, ights of potection fo utility models; possession of laboatoies with acceditation of the Polish Cente fo Acceditation. 63) Citeia fo evaluation caied out by the juy consisting of epesentatives of the 17 most pestigious intenational eseach centes include: scientific potential of units and thei employees, intenational publication and citation ates, implemented eseach gants, implementation and patents and coopeation with the business envionment. 48

Diagnosis and development tends geneating innovation 64). Insufficient links of univesities in Westen Poland within the intenational netwok of scientific and R&D centes ae evidenced, among othes, by a elatively small paticipation in national and intenational eseach pojects. Fo example, within the 7th EU Famewok Pogamme fo Reseach and Technological Development 2007-2013, academic units of Westen Poland submitted 2,502 applications fo funding, of which 373 have been appoved. Of the total numbe of 2,433 applications selected fo funding in the competitions of the National Science Cente in 2013, the entities fom Westen Poland made 529 applications (epesenting 21.7% of the total). As much as 90% of applications fom the maco-egion came fom eseach centes of Wielkopolska and Lowe Silesia. A simila situation is in tems of the numbe of beneficiaies of the pogammes conducted by the National Cente fo Reseach and Development. Of the total of 3,906 pojects in 2012, the entities of Westen Poland submitted 802 pojects (20.5%). In this pool, 78% of the pojects came fom Wielkopolskie Voivodeship and Dolnośląskie Voivodeship (espectively 362 and 264 pojects). Within the pogamme Iuventus plus fo pojects caied out by young scientists whose eseach esults have been published o accepted fo publication in leading magazines, with 182 selected pojects, only 16% epesented Westen Poland (mostly fom Wocław and Poznań, thee fom Szczecin and one fom Opole). Within Module 3 of the National Pogamme fo the Development of Humanities (Results of Polish humanities eseach in the wold) in 2012, among the 56 winning eseach pojects, 8 wee fom the maco-egion of Westen Poland. Among othe components of the pogamme, Westen Poland maked its pesence in the module on suppoting pojects implemented in intedisciplinay collaboation by Polishfoeign teams. Of 26 distinguished eseach centes, only two wee fom Westen Poland (Univesities in Wocław and Poznań). Insufficient scientific and eseach coopeation in the maco-egion, as well as in the county, is confimed by the conclusions fom the analyses of coopeative linkages in eviewing doctos dissetations and pepaing joint publications (map 25). The main hub of scientific coopeation fo centes fom Westen Poland is Wasaw. The scale of coopeation between eseach centes within the maco-egion outside the elation of Poznań Wocław is small. Centes fom Szczecin, Opole, Zielona Góa and Koszalin ae not 64) The poject ESPON Knowledge-Innovation-Teitoy in 2013, coveing all EU-27 counties and selected non- Euopean counties. 49

Map 25. Coopeation in eviewing doctoal theses in 2008 cuently capable of independent ole of supa-egional impotance, which is why it is necessay to combine the potentials and take joint, coodinated action within the netwok. Innovation potential of companies in Westen Poland Tends in innovative activity of entepises obseved in Westen Poland ae simila to national tends 65). Compaed to the peiod 2008-2010, in 2009-2011 thee was a decline in the shae of innovative entepises in the total numbe of companies, both in the manufactuing secto and in sevices. In tems of Souce: Komonicki, Kocelli et al. (2010) the shae of innovative industial entepises in the total numbe of entepises, the voivodeships of the maco-egion ae anked in the middle and at the end in the whole county. The exception is Opolskie Voivodeship with the value of 20.6%, which anks second in the county (chat 5 and 6). Such favouable situation in this egion may be due to the smooth functioning of the eseach and development of the two key industies (chemical and constuction), which have been effectively estuctued. Anothe impotant facto is the dynamic development in the sectos of food poduction and metal poducts. In othe voivodeships of the maco-egion, the situation was fa less favouable, which indicates a modeate and in the case of Lubuskie Voivodeship and Zachodniopomoskie Voivodeship a low level of innovation. In tun, the macoegional leade in the shae of innovative entepises in the sevices secto is Wielkopolskie Voivodeship (5th in the county). The low level of innovativeness of Westen Poland is also evidenced by expenditue on innovation activities (map 26). In 2011, the companies of Westen Poland allocated fo that pupose a total of PLN 5.76 billion, which accounted fo 25% of total expenditues incued in the county in the industial secto and slightly less than 5% in the sevice secto (almost 80% of domestic expenditue in the sevice secto is concentated in Mazowieckie Voivodeship). Pe 1 employee, the amount of expenditue on innovation activities in voivodeships of Westen Poland is lowe than the aveage value in the county. 65) Measuements caied out in the famewok of official statistics do not cove mico-entepises. 50

Diagnosis and development tends Chat 5. Innovative industial entepises in 2009-2011 by voivodeship (shae in all industial entepises). Podkapackie Opolskie Małopolskie Lubelskie Kujawsko-Pomoskie Wielkopolskie Podlaskie Śląskie Pomoskie Wamińsko-Mazuskie Dolnośląskie Świętokzyskie Mazowieckie Zachodniopomoskie Lubuskie Łódzkie 22.2 20.6 20.2 20.1 19.1 18.9 17.1 17.0 16.5 16.1 16.1 15.9 15.0 14.1 12.5 11.5 0 10 20 30 Souce: Działalność innowacyjna pzedsiębiostw w latach 2009-2011, CSO, Wasaw 2012 Chat 6. Innovative companies fom the sevice secto in 2009-2011 by voivodeship (shae in all entepises in the sevices secto) Pomoskie Śląskie Mazowieckie Podkapackie Wielkopolskie Małopolskie Kujawsko-Pomoskie Lubuskie Lubelskie Opolskie Wamińsko-Mazuskie Dolnośląskie Podlaskie Łódzkie Świętokzyskie Zachodniopomoskie 15.3 15.1 14.4 12.5 12.3 12.1 11.9 11.2 10.8 10.3 9.7 9.7 9.3 8.5 7.9 6.6 0 5 10 15 20 Souce: Działalność innowacyjna pzedsiębiostw w latach 2009-2011, CSO, Wasaw 2012 The shae of evenues fom the sales of new o significantly impoved poducts in the value fo total sales evenue shows the divese innovative potential (chat 7 and 8). In 2011, the elatively high positions (with values significantly highe than the national aveage) wee Map 26. Intensity of expenditue on innovation in entepises (industy and sevices) in Poland in 2009 occupied by Wielkopolskie Voivodeship in the industy and by Dolnośląskie Voivodeship in the sevices secto, which indicates the maket attactiveness of offeed innovation. In tun, Opolskie Voivodeship and Lubuskie Voivodeship anked nea the end of the list, ecoding a vey small shae of sales evenues (Lubuskie 3.5% in the industy, Opolskie 0.3% in sevices). Expenditues on innova on ac vi es in PLN million in 2009 5.91 to 6.39 2.905 to 5.9 1.91 to 2.906 1.41 to 1.9 0.94 to 1.4 Expenditues on innova on ac vi es pe 1 woking peson in PLN thousand 5500 Souce: Developed by ITD based on: Gaczek W., Matusiak M., Innowacyjność gospodaek województw Polski Wschodniej ocena, znaczenie, pespektywy. Expetise odeed by MRD, Poznań 2011 Aveage shae of net evenues fom sales of innovative poducts in entepises of the maco-egion wee above the national aveage in 2011 (4.4% against 3.7%). Howeve, the esult achieved by companies in Wielkopolskie Voivodeship was of key impotance; the shae was nealy thee times moe than the national aveage (11.6%). The obsevations fom the 51

peiod 2008-2010 do not confim such favouable esults fo the entie Westen Poland the maco-egional aveage in this peiod was at a level lowe than the aveage fo Poland. Chat 7. Shae of evenues of industial entepises fom sales of new o significantly impoved poducts intoduced to the maket in 2009-2011 by voivodeship. Chat 8. Shae of evenues of entepises in the sevices secto fom sales of new o significantly impoved poducts intoduced to the maket in 2009-2011 by voivodeship. Pomoskie 32.1 Wielkopolskie 15.7 Podkapackie Małopolskie 10.5 7.6 Wamińsko-Mazuskie Kujawsko-Pomoskie Śląskie Dolnośląskie Opolskie Mazowieckie Zachodniopomoskie Świętokzyskie Podlaskie Łódzkie Lubelskie Lubuskie 6.7 6.4 6.1 5.9 5.8 5.6 4.9 4.7 4.4 4.3 3.6 3.5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Souce: Działalność innowacyjna pzedsiębiostw w latach 2009-2011, CSO, Wasaw 2012 Lubelskie 18.7 Mazowieckie Dolnośląskie Podkapackie 4.5 4.4 4.1 Łódzkie Śląskie Pomoskie Wielkopolskie Małopolskie Świętokzyskie Lubuskie Wamińsko-Mazuskie Podlaskie Zachodniopomoskie Opolskie Kujawsko-Pomoskie 2.4 1.8 1.6 1.1 0.9 0.9 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.2 0 5 10 15 20 Souce: Działalność innowacyjna pzedsiębiostw w latach 2009-2011, CSO, Wasaw 2012 Patent activity of entities of Westen Poland is modeate. In 2012, slightly moe than 26% (1,155) of patent applications came fom the maco-egion and a simila shae was maintained in ecent yeas. The shae of entities fom Westen Poland in all patents ganted in the county in 2012 was 33.3% (615). Thee was also a visible divesity in the maco-egion in this espect (Wielkopolskie Voivodeship and Dolnośląskie Voivodeship submitted appoximately 77% of inventions). The shae of voivodeships of Westen Poland and the scale of dispaities within the macoegion wee simila in tems of ganted patents and utility model applications (222 applications in 2011 accounted fo almost 24% of all applications in the county) and applications fo ights potection fo utility models (114, i.e. 23% of the total). In tems of knowledge commecialisation, the potential of Westen Poland is mostly made by high-tech industial companies. In 2011, thei shae in the stuctue of industial pocessing companies was slightly lowe than the national aveage (1.9% vs. 2.3%), but the shae of thei net evenues fom sales of poducts 52

Diagnosis and development tends of high-tech companies was as much as 8%, which was significantly highe than the national aveage (5.4%). Entepises in Westen Poland ae chaacteized by high use of ICT (Table 2). In 2012, ove 95% of companies in the maco-egion have used computes in thei opeations, which was the esult almost equal to the national aveage (94.7%). The vast majoity of companies (93.2%) had access to the netwok and appoximately 80% had access to boadband Intenet, which in both cases was a esult simila to the aveage fo Poland. Table 2. Infomation and communication technologies in the opeation of entepises in voivodeships of Westen Poland in 2012 Entepises using computes with access to the Intenet using automatic data exchange with extenal entities using automatic exchange of infomation within the entepise with own website fo which the website is a way of pesenting catalogues, poducts o pice lists Poland 94.7 93.2 74.1 36.3 67.6 51.4 Westen Poland 94.6 93.2 75.3 35.8 65.0 51.0 Dolnośląskie 96.9 95.0 68.7 36.8 67.6 49.7 Lubuskie 95.8 93.9 87.4 31.9 56.2 41.4 Opolskie 95.6 91.8 68.6 32.6 63.1 48.3 Wielkopolskie 92.7 92.1 88.2 36.1 68.2 56.3 Zachodniopomoskie 94.2 93.1 46.9 37.7 59.0 47.1 Souce: CSO Slightly wose situation in Westen Poland was ecoded in tems of the shae of companies placing odes via the Intenet (map 27). In 2011, only 18.6% of companies in the maco-egion used such a solution, which was lowe than the aveage ecoded fo Poland (19.3%). 53

Map 27. Companies placing odes via compute netwoks by voivodeships in 2011 In this egad, thee wee significant diffeences between voivodeships, with Dolnośląskie Voivodeship and Zachodniopomoskie Voivodeship being in the national foefont (with shaes of 21.5% and 20.1%) and othe voivodeships of the macoegion, whee the tendency to use compute netwoks to place odes was significantly lowe (fom 15.2% to 17.4%). Souce: Developed by ITD based on: Społeczeństwo infomacyjne w Polsce w latach 2008-2012, CSO. A positive phenomenon obseved in ecent yeas in Westen Poland was the dynamic incease in the shae of innovation centes among the centes of business envionment institutions (BEI) 66), which may indicate a high ate of convesion of business suppot system to po-innovation sevices, esponding to the needs of the knowledge-based economy. In 2012, the innovation centes accounted fo ove one-thid of BEI opeating in the maco-egion, and a significant incease in thei numbes was epoted especially in Dolnośląskie Voivodeship, Wielkopolskie Voivodeship and Zachodniopomoskie Voivodeship which occupied espectively the 3d, 4th and 5th place in the county (afte Małopolskie Voivodeship and Mazowieckie Voivodeship). In Lubuskie Voivodeship and Opolskie Voivodeship this indicato is lowe than aveage fo Poland. The aveage buden on BEI measued by the numbe of esidents and businesses pe cente in the maco-egion is highe than the aveage fo Poland (table 3), which may indicate the need fo futhe quantitative development of these institutions, so as to ensue thei optimum accessibility fo people and entities inteested in suppot, taking into account high levels of entepeneuship of the aea. In tems of the numbe of inhabitants pe cente at the end of 2011, the geatest buden was in Opolskie Voivodeship (68.6 thousand people/cente), while Zachodniopomoskie Voivodeship belonged to the egions whee the atio was at one of the moe favouable levels in Poland (36.8 thousand people/cente). 66) BEI consist of the following categoies of entities: 1) entepeneuship centes (taining and consulting centes and entepise incubatos); 2) financial suppot centes (egional and local loan funds, loan guaantee funds, seed capital funds, business angels netwoks); 3) centes of innovation (technology tansfe centes, academic entepise incubatos and pe-incubatos, technology incubatos, technological paks). 54

Diagnosis and development tends The situation in Opolskie Voivodeship was unfavouable also in tems of the numbe of companies pe cente in the egion. The buden pe cente (6.5 thousand) exceeded by almost 2 thousand companies the aveage buden ecoded fo the county (4.6 thousand). The eve-expanding netwok of technology paks, which ae oganisationally and conceptually the most developed fom of centes fo suppot of innovation, can be egaded as a stong side of the BEI system in Westen Poland and vey advantageous fom the point of view of systematic impovement of the level of innovativeness of economies in the maco-egion 67). In 2012, thee wee 13 paks in the maco-egion in all voivodeships of Westen Poland, and anothe 12 wee in the stat-up o launching phase. Table 3. Innovation and entepeneuship centes in Poland in 2012 Voivodeship Centes of Innovation and Entepeneuship Shae of innovation centes in the total numbe of centes 2009 2012 Numbe of inhabitants pe centes Numbe of companies pe cente Poland 821 20.8% 34.2% 46 672 4 571 Westen Poland 221 26.0% 34.9% 48 489 5 222 Dolnośląskie 67 24.5% 44.8% 42 953 4 890 Lubuskie 22 13.6% 22.7% 45 956 4 747 Opolskie 15 23.5% 26.7% 68 572 6 504 Wielkopolskie 71 29.7% 39.4% 48 161 5 303 Zachodniopomoskie 46 18.2% 41.3% 36 806 4 665 Souce: Ośodki innowacji i pzedsiębioczości w Polsce. Rapot 2012, PAED, Wasaw 2012 It should also be emphasized that fom the standpoint of effectively stimulating innovation pocesses, the pesence of technology paks is not as much impotant as the manne and scope of thei functioning and quality of sevices. The analyses conducted in 2012 fo the benchmak of technology paks in Poland show that in spite of the inceasing pofessionalisation of opeations of paks in Poland, still cetain aspects of thei business should be stengthened in ode to incease the level of thei paticipation in the pocesses of innovation development 67) Matusiak K. B., Wpływ paków technologicznych na ozwój ekonomiczno-społeczny, [in:] Matusiak, K. B. Bąkowski A. (ed.), Wybane aspekty funkcjonowania paków technologicznych, Polish Agency fo Entepise Development, Wasaw 2009. 55

(e.g. by inceasing the effectiveness of coopeation with the science secto in the fom of gants, eseach pojects, eseach teams woking in the paks o spin-off companies, impoving the selection of tenants in paks in ode to select entities chaacteised by a highe level of innovation, inceasing the shae of technology companies and technological and innovation implementations, inceasing the ange of sevices povided by the paks) 68). The potentials of Westen Poland in tems of stengthening the innovation pocesses also include specialized poduction and sevice concentations, including many cluste initiatives associated with capabilities which ae chaacteistic fo places whee they ae implemented (table 4). These capabilities include fist of all the qualifications and the quality of local labou esouces, local povides and institutions that stengthen the powes of companies opeating in the given aea, anchoing and consolidating thei activities, and at the same time attacting moe poduces. Cluste initiatives in Westen Poland epesent mostly the industies of majo impotance in the egion and chaacteized by high specialisation, consistent with economic specialisations efeed to in the fist pat of the diagnosis. The vast majoity of clustes in Westen Poland include entities that ae classified by Euostat as low o medium-low technology due to thei coe activities (oganisations of poduces of foodstuffs, chemical poducts and plastics). About a quate of cluste initiatives ae epesented by the secto of medium-high and high technology. Accoding to the Polish Agency fo Entepise Development (PAED) study, eight of the identified cluste initiatives wee included in a goup of 42 companies in Poland with high gowth potential. The benchmak of cluste initiatives done in 2012 can be the basis fo distinguishing the initiatives that have been identified as leades of the activity (examples of good pactice). The cluste initiatives of Wielkopolskie Voivodeship (3 of the 4 good pactices) and the activities caied out by a cluste initiative in Zachodniopomoskie Voivodeship stand out in this egad compaed to the est of the county. 69) This can mean that one of the impotant factos affecting the activity and effectiveness of cluste activities is the histoically educated social capital, including pimaily that with bidging chaacteistics (see moe in the Diagnosis). 68) Hołub-Iwan J., Olczak B. A., Cheba K., Benchmaking paków technologicznych w Polsce. Edycja 2012, Polish Agency fo Entepise Development, Wasaw 2012. The study included 19 paks acoss Poland, including 5 fom Westen Poland. 69) Hołub-Iwan J. (ed.), Benchmaking klastów w Polsce. Edycja 2012, Polish Agency fo Entepise Development, Wasaw 2012. 56

Diagnosis and development tends Table 4. Potential of clustes by industy in voivodeships of Westen Poland in 2010 Class 70) of cluste *** ** * Dolnośląskie Lubuskie Opolskie Wielkopolskie Clothing Machines Lighting and electical equipment Quaies Constuction Financial sevices Food pocessing Education and knowledge poduction Constuction machines and sevices Clothing Funitue Leathe poducts Industy/numbe of employees Food pocessing Constuction machines and sevices Clothing Food Food Funitue pocessing pocessing Lighting and Funitue electical equipment Machines Constuction Financial sevices Constuction machiney and equipment Clothing Footwea Machines Lighting and electical equipment Constuction Financial sevices Funitue Poduction technology Chemical Footwea Constuction Financial sevices Education and knowledge poduction Jewelley and pecious metals Oil and gas Zachodniopomoskie Tanspotation and logistics Food pocessing Constuction Education and knowledge poduction Financial sevices Clothing Funitue Maitime industy Souce: Own compilation based on Euopean Cluste Obsevatoy, 2011, Sta Clustes In Poland, Euope Innovation 70) The maco-egion is dominated by cluste initiatives whose membes ae located within the same voivodeship o pat of voivodeship (only five initiatives have supaegional ange; supa-egional coopeation in the cluste applies to neighbouing voivodeships and aely involves actos fom othe egions). 70) Evaluation of the concentation of activities was made on the basis of size, stength and dominance of individual sectos, calculated, among othes, based on the level of employment in the secto, the economic stentgth and specialisation ated on a scale 1-3, whee 3 indicates clustes with the highest potential in all categoies. 57

At the same time Westen Poland is chaacteized by insufficient popensity of industial and sevice entepises to actively coopeate in the field of innovative activity, undestood as active paticipation in joint pojects with othe entepises o non-pofit institutions. In 2009-2011, co-opeation of this kind was at a level slightly lowe than the mean values obseved fo the county, both in industy 31.1% in the maco-egion compaed to the aveage in Poland of 32.6%, and in sevices 28.1% on aveage in Poland and 24.1% in the maco-egion). Insufficient involvement in both national and intenational development pocesses is also confimed by the esults of analyses of oganisational links of entepises and links of owneship of companies 71). 3.3 SWOT ANALYSIS 72 Analysis of stengths, weaknesses, oppotunities and theats fo the macoegion of Westen Poland is the esult of diagnostic wok subjected to a wide discussion duing the govenment and local govenment wokshops. The analysis allowed fo the identification of development potentials of the maco-egion, which fom the basis fo building its competitive advantages and the stategic challenges that ae the foundation fo the fomulation of the objectives of this Stategy. 71) Śleszyński P., Powiązania funkcjonalne pomiędzy polskimi metopoliami, IGSO PAS, within the poject of the MSHE. 72) Analysis of stengths,weaknesses,oppotunities and theats. 58

Diagnosis and development tends STRENGTHS Location on the tail of intenational tanspot coidos, including wateways integating natue of the Ode ive basin developed nodal points of the maitime tanspot and expanded aipot infastuctue developed netwok of cities and developed metopolitan functions ich natual, cultual and health values ich mineal esouces and enewable enegy souces (RES) high investment attactiveness of the maco-egion high level of entepeneuship leading industies detemining the economic stength of the maco-egion functioning of specialised centes of poduction entities, including cluste initiatives high-quality academic and scientific and eseach centes expeience of companies and institutions in effective competing in an intenational envionment high-quality social capital, paticulaly with bidging chaacteistics OPPORTUNITIES poximity to majo Euopean centes of economic gowth incease in tanspot impotance of the diection noth south in the cental pat of Euope inceased inteest in low-cabon inland navigation development of tanspot infastuctue outside Westen Poland to incease extenal accessibility of the maco-egion completion of investments implemented fom the Euopean Funds fo 2007-2013 and the pospect of undetaking futhe investments in 2014-2020 bette conditions and pospects fo intensification of inte-voivodeship coopeation and cossbode coopeation, in paticula in the aea of development of the Sudetes, the Oda ive basin and the coast of the Baltic Sea inceased inteest in the maco-egion by foeign and domestic touists influx of investos fom outside Westen Poland who undetake innovative activity in the maco-egion inceased demand in extenal makets fo goods and sevices poduced on the basis of macoegional esouces and poduction potential inflow of extenal esouces to suppot the implementation of maco-egional development objectives, in paticula those elated to inceasing the level of innovation in the economy inclusion of the centes of Westen Poland in scientific coopeation netwoks with the leading centes in the county and aboad WEAKNESSES insufficient intenal cohesion of the maco-egion still insufficient tanspot links with majo domestic and foeign metopolises limited development potential of pots inadequate equipment with effective electicity infastuctue lack of supa-egional, complementay touist offe of Westen Poland which uses existing esouces insufficient coopeation between voivodeships in the aea of knowledge-based economy (between entepeneus, academic and eseach centes) low potential fo innovation in the maco-egion, as compaed with the Euopean Union insufficient links between science and economy, including poo coopeation of univesities and eseach centes with entepises and institutions suppoting innovation insufficient links of scientific and eseach centes in Westen Poland within intenational, national and maco-egional netwoks of coopeation low activity of innovative entepises mismatch of education and labou maket equiements in the maco-egion THREATS maginalization of the impotance of tanspot coidos in Westen Poland, including the Ode Wateway failue to achieve the objectives of the EGTC initiative of the Cental Euopean Tanspot Coido decease in the activity of states bodeing the maco-egion in the aea of coss-bode coopeation outflow of young, educated people to moe attactive foeign labou makets lack of inteest in coopeation with centes of Westen Poland by leading domestic and intenational eseach centes insufficient inteest of highly innovative entities in investments in the maco-egion 59

4 CHALLENGES, A VISION OF DEVELOPMENT The vision of development fo Westen Poland is pat of the paadigm of egional policy adopted in the NSRD, which povides fo optimum utilization of endogenous potentials of the teitoy fo the achievement of hoizontal development objectives: ceating gowth, jobs and cohesion. The main diection of development of Westen Poland is focused on activities aimed at inceasing the competitiveness of the maco-egion in a Euopean dimension. This means giving pimacy to activities stimulating and stengthening key maco-egional development potentials, which include a vey favouable location that has a positive effect on investment attactiveness and the potential fo the development of knowledge-based economy. Ovecoming baies to development focuses on phenomena and pocesses that hinde full use of endogenous advantages of the maco-egion, while especting the pinciples of sustainable development. This will be possible only with the full involvement and close collaboation of egions of Westen Poland, as well as the stengthening of economic and scientific-eseach coopeation of the maco-egion with the est of the county, as well as with foeign egions. Taking action aimed at optimum utilization of development assets of Westen Poland will contibute to the stengthening of favouable development tends in the maco-egion and will help meet the challenges facing the maco-egion. The most impotant of these include: intensification of coss-bode and inteegional coopeation to initiate and effectively implement development pojects of supa-egional impotance, moe efficient use of the location by futhe impovements in extenal accessibility of the maco-egion and stengthening of its intenal cohesion, inceasing efficiency of the powe gid in the maco-egion as an essential element to impove conditions fo investment, fulle use of natual and cultual values of the maco-egion fo the development of touism, inceasing the potential to ceate and absob innovations in the macoegion, also though the use of development impulses fom the envionment, paticulaly fom the economically stonge and moe innovative foeign egions, stengthening institutional capacity to manage development at supaegional level, with paticula emphasis on coss-bode dimension of development activities. The vision of development fo Westen Poland until 2020 was fomulated taking into account the consideations outlined above, as well as the Guidelines fo the Stategy 60

Challenges, a vision of development fo Development of Westen Poland developed by egional self-govenments of Westen Poland. It focuses on the identified potentials and development oppotunities that could most effectively contibute to the intensification of the economic development of the maco-egion and which constitute an adequate esponse to the challenges facing this aea: Westen Poland egion of the Oda ive basin... collaboative, ceative, attactive, mobilising, open In the pespective of 2020, Westen Poland will be bette developed economically and teitoially coheent at national and Euopean level. Westen Poland will effectively mobilise (endogenous) potentials to achieve the objectives of economic gowth pimaily though inteegional coopeation. Effective use of the potential of coopeation will make Westen Poland a bette integated aea in the Ode ive basin. In the medium tem, the Ode ive basin will bette than befoe unite Westen Poland, and its economic, touism and symbolic impotance will incease due to the implementation of joint pojects aimed at the estoation of navigable outes and ceation and development of supa-egional touism poducts. In 2020, Westen Poland will be a moe innovative aea thanks to the systematic incease in eseach and development investments, optimal use of the potential of existing scientific, eseach and teaching esouces, and the intoduction of new technological solutions in the entepise secto. Stonge links between univesities and scientific and eseach centes of Westen Poland within maco-egional, domestic and intenational netwoks of coopeation and intensified coopeation between scientific and eseach centes and businesses, will encouage the development of maco-egional eseach specialisations, tansfe of knowledge and development of innovative technological solutions. Stengthening and linking potentials of univesities in Westen Poland will impove the quality of education, and consequently will incease the competence and skills of esidents of Westen Poland, which will tanslate diectly into bette human capital. Ceative human esouces will be the souce of suitable employees necessay fo the development of knowledge-based economy and attacting new investments which will contibute to the dynamic development of the leading sectos of the economy in the maco-egion. In the pespective of 2020, the economic sectos constituting the stength of the maco-egion will be einfoced. This pocess will be accompanied by the development of cluste initiatives and pofessionalisation of sevices povided by the business envionment institution, with paticula emphasis on innovation centes. In conjunction with the facilitation of financing pojects aimed at innovative 61

implementations in companies, the stengthening of coopeation between science and business will contibute to geate mobilisation of businesses, both to absob extenal innovations and to geneate own innovations. Until 2020, the investment attactiveness of Westen Poland will incease, inte alia, though the implementation of a wide ange of complementay measues to enhance tanspot accessibility of the maco-egion, stengthen the efficiency of the powe gid, build the economic offe, as well as impove the quality of human esouces fo the needs of a moden economy. Impoving tanspot accessibility, wide touist offe and its pomotion, will in tun contibute to inceasing the touist attactiveness of Westen Poland. Westen Poland will be moe accessible also thanks to the expansion of the tanspot netwok, in paticula the links between noth and south and links between Westen Poland and Wasaw and othe majo Euopean development centes Belin, Pague, Vienna and Desden. Openness of the maco-egion will manifest itself not only in tems of tanspotation, but also by the inceasing openness of the population of Westen Poland to coopeation in its vaious dimensions, to new knowledge and innovation. Multi-dimensional coopeation of five voivodeships of Westen Poland oiented on developmental objectives set out in this Stategy will lead to geate mobilisation and involvement of citizens and institutions to incease competitiveness of the maco-egion in the Euopean space. 62

Main objective, specific objectives and intevention diections 5 MAIN OBJECTIVE, SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES AND INTERVENTION DIRECTIONS The vision of development fo Westen Poland is the basis fo the main objective of the Stategy fo Development of Westen Poland 2020: Inceasing competitiveness of Westen Poland in the Euopean dimension though effective use of the maco-egion s potentials This objective: indicates clealy the subject of actions the teitoy in the supa-egional dimension Westen Poland (coveing the aea of Dolnośląskie Voivodeship, Lubuskie Voivodeship, Opolskie Voivodeship, Wielkopolskie Voivodeship and Zachodniopomoskie Voivodeship), emphasizes the impotance of basing development activities on the potentials identified in the diagnostic pat, detemining the achievement of the development objective inceasing the competitiveness of the macoegion, indiectly points to the need to use and stengthen, in addition to endogenous factos, the inteegional coopeation as the main facto in the development pocess which detemines the success of the Stategy, points indiectly to the main actos esponsible fo the implementation of the SDWP bodies active at supa-egional level the govenment and the managements of voivodeships, emphasizes the intenational dimension of the stategy achievement of economic gowth in Euope. The main objective of the Stategy fo Development of Westen Poland 2020 is the famewok fo thee specific objectives detemined on the basis of the diagnosis of developmental potentials of Westen Poland: I. Spatial and functional integation of the maco-egion II. Building the maco-egion s economic offe III. Stengthening the scientific ad eseach potential of the maco-egion It is cucial fo the successful implementation of development objectives of Westen Poland that the institutions esponsible fo the coodination and implementation of measues envisaged in the SDWP, i.e. the govenment and the managements of voivodeships of Westen Poland, effectively use the potential fo coopeation. 63

Diagam 1. Development objectives of Westen Poland Potential associated with location Potential associated with the possibility coopeation, including VISION Westen Poland egion of the Ode ive basin... MAIN Inceasing competitiveness of Westen Poland in Euopean I. Spatial and functional integation of the maco-egion Building economic Stengthening intenal links of tanspot netwoks between majo cities of Westen Poland Inceasing tanspot accessibility of Westen Poland in Euopean space by stengthening the links of majo cities with Wasaw, Katowice and the Ti-City, Belin, Pague, Vienna and Desden Modenisation of the Ode Wateway and stengthening of inte-egional and coss-bode coopeation in the Ode ive basin Inceasing efficiency of the powe gid in the macoegion Suppot fo development and implementation of innovative solutions in leading economic sectos of the maco-egion Development and pofessionalisation of innovation and entepeneuship centes, in paticula to suppot the leading sectos of the maco-egion s economy 64

Main objective, specific objectives and intevention diections of development of supa-egional coss-bode coopeation Potential associated with the possibility of building knowledge-based economy collaboative, ceative, attactive, mobilising, open OBJECTIVE dimension though effective use of maco-egion s potentials the maco-egion s offe Stengthening the scientific and eseach potential of the maco-egion Ceating incentives to invest, including ensuing access to public sevices Ceation and development of supaegional touism poducts Initiating and suppoting scientific and eseach collaboation of centes of Westen Poland Buildinging a complementay educational offe designed to adjust the human capital to meet the needs of the knowledge-based economy Initiating joint educational activities pomoting entepeneuial and innovative attitudes Stengthening mechanisms fo knowledge tansfe between science and business in ode to commecialise eseach esults 65

The pospects fo futhe sustainable development of Westen Poland and its Euopean aspiations will be detemined, to a geat extent, by the inceasing level of social capital. Shaping attitudes of mutual tust, coopeation and ceativity, enhancing activity of citizens, popagating civil dialogue and stengthening the ole of civil society oganizations will tanslate into impoved conditions fo gowth in all aeas of social and economic life of the maco-egion. Activities in this aea can successfully build on the histoically conditioned social capital with bidging chaacteistics. Multidimensional economic coopeation between science and business, the public and the pivate sphee, domestic and foeign entities, will condition the effective achievement of SDWP objectives and ceate a climate conducive to building the maco-egional band. 5.1 SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE I: SPATIAL AND FUNCTIONAL INTEGRATION OF THE MACRO REGION The attactiveness of Westen Poland is pimaily due to its favouable location in the Euopean space. The diagnosis shows that this potential is not sufficiently used fo economic gowth. Optimal use of the location means, among othe things, the need to take a numbe of actions to stengthen intenal cohesion and impove functional links of Westen Poland with the est of the county and with Euope. Theefoe, the fist specific objective is aimed at inceasing spatial and functional integation of the maco-egion. The potential of favouable location of Westen Poland, associated with the poximity to stong Euopean metopolises and a dense netwok of uban centes, makes that the maco-egion is likely to become an aea functionally integated with the main centes of economic activity in the county and with centes in Gemany, the Czech Republic and Scandinavia, belonging to the coe aeas of economic activity in the Euopean Union. Spatial and functional integation of the maco-egion will be essential fo the intensification of development pocesses not only in this aea, but also fo the whole county by allowing moe fee spead of development impulses. Analyses conducted in the diagnostic pat indicate that in ode to make bette use of the location, and thus stengthen the competitiveness of the maco-egion in the Euopean space, it is necessay to eliminate a numbe of baies, which implies the need to stengthen tanspot links within the maco-egion, paticulaly in the noth-south line and at the same time stengthen extenal elations, mainly with domestic metopolises: Wasaw, Katowice and the Ti-City and foeign ones: Belin, Pague, Vienna and Desden, as well as cities fom Scandinavia. 66

Main objective, specific objectives and intevention diections In this egad, it is necessay to acceleate the constuction of motoways and expessways of supa-egional impotance and conduct a thoough modenisation of the existing oad and ail infastuctue, which will significantly impove the accessibility of centes in Westen Poland and contibute to stengthening the spatial integation of the maco-egion. Impovements in infastuctue will also stengthen spatial and functional ties between the main development centes and gowth centes at the sub-egional level, local level and with ual aeas. Apat fom stengthening the intenal integation of the maco-egion, the additional effect of impoved infastuctue will be stonge coss-bode elations of Westen Poland. The aim of all activities in this aea should be to ceate bette conditions fo the spead of development impulses. An impotant element in stengthening the spatial integation of the maco-egion is also the econstuction of the navigable oute on the Ode, which will again include the Ode Wateway in the system of Euopean inland wateways and impove the competitive position of pots of Szczecin and Świnoujście. The possibility of using ecological wate tanspot will contibute to impoving the tanspot of goods and people by elieving oad and ail tanspot. Investments on the Ode Wateway will impove conditions not only fo the development of inland navigation (feight and passenge), but also fo wate touism and agicultue. They can also contibute to inceased flood potection to ceate a safe envionment fo the development of maco-egional economy. Development of the Ode Wateway will also boost development of adjacent aeas. The Ode ive basin, as an aea of compehensive impotance fo the economy of the maco-egion, is also the axis of coopeation, both within the maco-egion and coss-bode coopeation, which is paticulaly impotant fom the point of view of stengthening the spatial integation, potection against flood and dought and potection of ecological coidos. The spatial and functional integation of the maco-egion will be fosteed also by the expansion of enegy infastuctue, which will stengthen the competitiveness of the industy and SMEs in the maco-egion and have positive effect on the conditions of opeation of companies and the investment attactiveness of the maco-egion. Impovements in tanspot connections and at the same time the expansion of efficient enegy netwoks will make the maco-egion moe attactive fo new investments. 67

In tun, measues aimed at modenisation and expansion of oad and ail netwoks, as well as those elated to the development of inland navigation in connection with the modenisation of the Ode Wateway, should affect, in addition to impoving accessibility, the quality of tanspot sevices in Westen Poland. Intevention diections in specific objective I: Stengthening the spatial and functional integation of the maco-egion equies a numbe of actions that will bind Westen Poland intenally and at national and intenational levels. The main intevention diections to achieve specific objective I include: stengthening intenal links of the tanspot netwok between majo cities of Westen Poland inceasing tanspot accessibility of Westen Poland in the Euopean space by stengthening links of the majo cities in the maco-egion with Wasaw, Katowice and the Ti-City, Belin, Pague, Vienna and Desden modenisation of the Ode Wateway and the stengthening of inte-egional and coss-bode coopeation in the Ode ive basin inceasing the efficiency of the powe gid in the maco-egion 5.2 SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE II: BUILDING THE MACRO REGION S ECONOMIC OFFER In addition to spatial and functional integation of Westen Poland, futhe development of supa-egional coopeation to impove the competitiveness of the maco-egion will be implemented though effots to pepae an economic offe based on the investment and touism potential. Location of Westen Poland and its natual and cultual values, as well as a good climate fo innovation, esult in the potential to attact both domestic and foeign investments and touists. The possibilities of supa-egional coopeation to exploit the potential of these assets ae cuently not fully utilized. Theefoe, the second specific objective is focused on building the maco-egion s economic offe. Concusions in the diagnostic pat indicate that the investment and touist potential of the maco-egion can be effectively used to stimulate development pocesses only with combined potentials of all egions of Westen Poland and intensified coopeation between voivodeships. The co-opeation activities will include actions aimed at ceating an attactive and complementay economic offe enticing domestic and foeign entities to invest capital and poduction capacity in Westen Poland. 68

Main objective, specific objectives and intevention diections Building maco-egional economic offe is associated with the development of economic coopeation in Westen Poland, which fist should addess the maco-egion s leading industies with the geatest potential to incease the competitiveness and innovativeness of Westen Poland. Coopeation and the activities undetaken in these industies will focus pimaily on stengthening innovation and technological impovement, which will incease the added value of geneated poduction and impove its quality. Suppot should be conducted in accodance with the pinciple of stengthening the stengths, which means focusing on the aleady developed sectos of the economy. New industies should be suppoted only when thee ae symptoms of thei development based on endogenous factos, o if they ae consideed to be cucial fo the development of the egion in the futue based on eliable diagnosis of developmental conditions. A simila consolidation should take place in case of suppot fo cluste initiatives. Accoding to the esults of the analyses, the geatest development potential of Westen Poland lies in the industies that ae chaacteized by dynamic development based on local endogenous esouces, especially the developed competencies of qualified staff and business envionment institutions. Economic development, intensified thanks to supa-egional coopeation within these industies, should attact futhe investments and thus contibute to an incease in the level of competitiveness of the maco-egional economy, which will esult in bette use of the potential elated to economic attactiveness of the maco-egion, and consequently the implementation of the main objective of the Stategy. Suppot is also equied by centes of innovation and entepeneuship, in paticula those opeating in the key industies of Westen Poland, whose activities have impact on impoving the competitiveness of the maco-egion s economy. The joint activities aimed at pomoting the investment stengths of Westen Poland at home and aboad will be equally impotant. To maximize development effects, the activities will focus also on ceating incentives fo investment, among othes, by suppoting a netwok of business envionment institutions to povide pofessional sevices to businesses, tailoed to the specifics of the maco-egion, as well as to povide potential investos with access to public sevices. Pojects to impove the quality and accessibility of public sevices, including specialist medical sevices, ae aimed at enhancing the health condition of the maco-egion s esidents, which diectly tanslates into economic activity and the quality and poductivity of wok. The incease in pofessional activity (facilitation of the econciliation of wok and family life) will also be the aim 69

of activities undetaken fo the development of the cae system fo childen up to age of 3 and ove othe dependents, such as the eldely, and will be tageted as well in othe system activities to enhance the supply of wok. In tun, the touism potential of the maco-egion will be fully utilized though actions aimed at ceating a joint touist offe on the basis of, inte alia, the cultual potential of egions. This offe should include development of touist sevices (e.g. touist infomation, spa sevices), in addition to typical investment actions, to attact domestic and foeign touists. Supa-egional coopeation in the field of touism will also influence the development of investment in this secto associated with the ceation of joint supa-egional touism poducts and linkage to existing initiatives in the egions. In this way the supa-egional activities fo the development of touism should also help to boost the pocesses of economic development in the aea of Westen Poland. Supa-egional coopeation should take into account the asset of existing cossbode connections and take note of the development oppotunities aising fom poviding suppot to a wide ange of egional initiatives with coss-bode impact. Intevention diections in specific objective II: The objective of building maco-egion s economic offe and its pomotion at home and aboad equies action in the following aeas: suppoting development and implementation of innovative solutions in leading economic sectos of the maco-egion development and pofessionalisation of innovation and entepeneuship centes, paticulaly with egad to suppot fo the leading sectos of the maco-egion s economy ceating incentives to invest, including ensuing access to public sevices ceation and development of supa-egional touism poducts 5.3 SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE III: STRENGTHENING SCIENTIFIC AND RESEARCH POTENTIAL OF THE MACRO REGION Effective actions to stengthen scientific and eseach potential of Westen Poland and ensue appopiate conditions fo dynamic gowth of the knowledge-based economy, in addition to building of economic offe and spatial and functional integation, ae necessay fo the long-tem incease in the competitiveness of Westen Poland. The diagnosis indicates that despite the pesence of stong academic centes in Westen Poland, the existing scientific and eseach potential is not sufficiently 70

Main objective, specific objectives and intevention diections used, which is eflected in a small pesence of maco-egional centes in scientific and eseach netwoks, both domestic and intenational, and thei insufficient coopeation within the maco-egion. Theefoe, the thid specific objective is aimed at stengthening the scientific and eseach potential of the maco-egion. To achieve this objective it is necessay to take measues aimed at stengthening scientific and eseach centes in the maco-egion though netwoking and intenationalisation of thei opeations. To make the best use of thei existing potential, as well as to einfoce it, it is necessay to initiate and pomote coopeation between scientific and eseach centes in the maco-egion and majo academic centes in the county and aboad. Coopeation should pimaily concen the ceation and shaing of knowledge though joint eseach pojects, but also though the exchange of academic staff between univesities and the use of complementay eseach infastuctue. Stengthening eseach and development centes, which ae knowledge ceatos and dives of technological change, will contibute to impoving the quality of education, and in the long un, it will help to impove competencies and skills of the population in Westen Poland. This will lead consequently to boosting of the innovation pocess in the maco-egion. The instuments used fo this pupose will pimaily include taking high-quality education and taining activities, among othes, to pomote entepeneuial and innovative attitudes and elated to the development of advanced digital skills, as well as building complementay educational offe by academic centes. These activities should be accompanied by the development of leading eseach specialisations to incease competitiveness of the educational offe of univesities fom Westen Poland and to adapt skills and qualifications of employees to the needs of a moden knowledge-based economy. As a esult of the poposed actions, the scientific and eseach centes and teaching centes of Westen Poland will moe effectively pusue two most impotant objectives: taining of appopiate employees fo the knowledge-based economy, with an adequate level of competence and qualifications which will tanslate diectly to the level of human capital and the development of moden knowledge, possible to use in the economy. An impotant element in stengthening the scientific and eseach potential of the maco-egion will be the development of coopeation between scientific and eseach centes and entepises in the macoegion. Intensification of coopeation in this field will allow fo effective tansfe of knowledge and commecialisation of the esults of eseach wok, and as a esult will impove innovation of both the science secto and the business secto. 71

The key task in this aea is the development of sevices povided by scientific and eseach centes in esponse to the needs of companies in the development and implementation of innovative technological solutions. This should be helped by bette use of coopeation in the famewok of innovation centes developed in the maco-egion, i.e. technology tansfe centes, academic entepise incubatos, technology incubatos and technology paks and taking cluste initiatives connecting entities fom the business secto with entities of the R&D and education sectos. Actions in this aea should also include the taining of elevant engineeing employees in the specialisations petinent to the needs of the maco-egion economy, which will incease the scientific potential of Westen Poland. Suitably qualified enginees can contibute to the incease in the numbe of patent applications fom companies. Development of coopeation between science and economy is indiectly subject to the level of social capital. Implementation of the specific objective III should take into account the need to develop attitudes of mutual tust and build coopeation that bings benefits to both sectos. A significant ole in this egad should be played by public administation pomoting coopeation fo the common good. Intevention diections in specific objective III: Stengthening the scientific and eseach potential of the maco-egion will be achieved though actions oiented at: initiating and suppoting scientific and eseach coopeation between centes of Westen Poland building a complementay educational offe designed to adjust the human capital to meet the needs of the knowledge-based economy initiating joint educational activities pomoting entepeneuial and innovative attitudes stengthening mechanisms fo knowledge tansfe between science and business in ode to commecialise eseach esults 72

Indicatos of implementation 6 INDICATORS OF IMPLEMENTATION Monitoing of the implementation of SDWP objectives is done, inte alia, based on the adopted set of indicatos (table 5), which enables obsevation of socioeconomic changes in the Westen Poland maco-egion. The monitoing pocess will allow fo appopiate esponse and adaptation of development activities to emeging challenges, ensuing adaptability and contibuting to the effectiveness of implementation of the objectives set out in the Stategy. 73)74)75) Table 5. Monitoing indicatos fo objectives of the Stategy fo Development of Westen Poland 2020 No. Objective/Indicato Base yea Souce Unit Poland value in base yea Westen Poland 1 MAIN OBJECTIVE: Inceasing competitiveness of Westen Poland in the Euopean dimension though effective use of the maco-egion s potentials 1.1 Goss domestic poduct pe capita accessibility to (PPP 73) ) (EU28 = 100) 2011 Own calculations based on EUROSTAT data value in taget yea EU28=100 65 64 69 1.2 Employment ate of 2012 CSO-LDB % 64,7 63,4 65,5 people aged 20-64 2 SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE I: Spatial and functional integation of the maco-egion 2.1 Length of expessways and highways pe 1,000 sq km 2011 CSO-LDB km 5,8 9,2 13,1 2.2 Aveage speed of tavel by oad between the voivodeship centes of Westen Poland 2.3 Aveage speed of tavel by ailway between the voivodeship centes of Westen Poland 2.4 Tanspot by inland wateway fleet 2013 Route planne http://www. viamichelin.pl 2013 Route planne http:// ozklad-pkp.pl km/h km/h 2011 CSO million tonnekilometes not applicable not applicable 908,9 74) OWW 75) 149,315 67 90 64 85 300,0 73) PPP puchasing powe paity. 74) Applies to total tanspot of goods by inland wateways (including expot, impot, domestic tanspot, tansit) and feight between foeign pots. 75) OWW Ode Wateway 73

No. Objective/Indicato Base yea Souce Unit Poland value in base yea Westen Poland value in taget yea 3 SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE II: Building the maco-egion s economic offe 3.1 Value of foeign capital pe 1 inhabitant (Poland = 100) 2011 CSO-LDB % 100 86 109 3.2 Foeign touists accommodated in touist accommodation establishments 3.3 Investments in companies in elation to GDP 3.4 Popotion of industial companies, which incued expenditues on innovation activities 2012 CSO-LDB thousand people 4 979 1 431 1 717 2011 CSO-LDB % 8,6 8,6 10,1 2012 CSO-LDB % 12,9 12,4 14,2 4 SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE III: Stengthening scientific and eseach potential of the maco-egion 4.1 Shae of students of technical colleges in the total numbe of highe education students 2012 CSO-LDB % 20,5 20,7 29,7 4.2 Expenditue on R&D in elation to GDP 4.3 Shae of employees in R&D in the total numbe of employees 2011 CSO-LDB % 0,76 0,50 0,95 2011 CSO-LDB % 0,86 0,78 1,54 74

Pefomance system 7 PERFORMANCE SYSTEM 7.1 IMPLEMENTATION SYSTEM Achieving development objectives set out in the Stategy equies heightened collaboation of five voivodeships of Westen Poland at diffeent stages of its implementation. This collaboation should be developed within the famewok of the mechanisms established in the pefomance system, as pat of joint stuctues fo coodination and management of the Stategy and based on common ules fo the opeation. The entities jointly esponsible fo the pepaation and implementation of SDWP both voivodeship managements and the ministe in chage of egional development should take action to ceate pope systemic conditions fo the implementation of objectives of the Stategy. This means ensuing the effective and efficient implementation of the SDWP though the ceation of appopiate institutional and oganisational solutions, including monitoing and evaluation of development pocesses taking place in Westen Poland. These entities will also be esponsible fo building the netwok of coopeation, both within the maco-egion, as well as with patnes fom aboad, in accodance with the pinciple of patneship and coopeation, and though the mechanisms of multi-level management of development pocesses. In so doing, the boads of the voivodeships of Westen Poland will exploit the existing potential fo coopeation esulting fom pevious expeiences. The SDWP will be implemented in accodance with the pinciples of egional policy set out in the National Stategy of Regional Development 2010-2020. The following pinciples will be cucial fom the point of view of ensuing appopiate conditions fo the achievement of its objectives: 1) the pinciple of patneship and coopeation in the pepaation and implementation of the SDWP means: close coopeation of voivodeships of Westen Poland in the implementation of the SDWP and in achieving the objectives of development, coopeation between the egional level (boads of voivodeships) and the cental level (the ministe in chage of egional development and othe elevant ministes) in the development and implementation of the SDWP, integating socio-economic patnes, academics and non-govenmental oganisations in the pocesses of development, implementation, monitoing and evaluation of the SDWP, developing coopeation with patnes fom the maco-egion suoundings, including foeign patnes, fo the implementation of pojects that contibute to achieving the objectives of the SDWP, 75

2) the pinciple of coodination concens the coodination of activities financed fom vaious souces (public/non-public, domestic/foeign, govenment/local govenment), undetaken by diffeent entities and implemented unde the vaious pogammes (national opeational pogammes, egional opeational pogammes, pogammes of the Euopean Teitoial Coopeation, development pogammes and othes) to achieve the objectives of the SDWP. Coodination is to incease developmental effects by ensuing complementaity and coheence in the aea of activities undetaken by: the govenment (vaious ministies), with the coodinating ole of the ministe in chage of egional development, the govenment (vaious ministies) and the actions of egional selfgovenments of Westen Poland, to facilitate development of the macoegion, local govenment units in voivodeships of Westen Poland at vaious levels and by othe public and non-public entities woking to achieve the objectives of the SDWP, the polish side and foeign patnes, in paticula with egad to the actions concening the Ode ive basin as the axis of coopeation to integate teitoies of Westen Poland, 3) the pinciple of multi-level management of the development of Westen Poland means the necessity to take action to ceate conditions fo building netwoks of coopeation between the diffeent levels of development management and between diffeent actos (public and non-public) woking fo the development of Westen Poland, both in vetical elationships: the govenment voivodeships poviats gminas, as well as in hoizontal elationships elationships between entities exceeding the limits of neighbouing gminas, poviats, voivodeships and coss-bode and tansnational ties. The pupose of netwoking elations in Westen Poland, in addition to ceating the conditions fo the implementation of joint pojects, is to incease coheence and consistency of the aea as a single maco-egion. This ule applies also to ceating a climate conducive to the joint implementation of development activities, based on tust and openness to new ideas and new patnes (in paticula non-public, i.e. socio-economic patnes, academics and NGOs) joining the implementation of netwok pojects, 4) the pinciple of evidence-based policy means the necessity fo systematic monitoing of the degee of achievement of the SDWP objectives though egula collection of statistical infomation elating to the accepted indicatos of achievement. This pinciple also implies the need fo continuous analysis and evaluation in ode to peiodically assess the degee of achievement of the SDWP objectives and make necessay updates to the SDWP and adjustments to its implementation system. 76

Pefomance system In ode to effectively apply these pinciples, it is ecommended to ceate appopiate common mechanisms and stuctues fo coopeation at vaious levels of SDWP implementation. The pinciple of coopeation and patneship will be implemented using in the fist place the mechanisms and stuctues elated to the implementation and monitoing of the development policy and use of Euopean Funds, such as the sub-committee fo egional development and the teitoial dimension acting at the Coodinating Committee of the Patneship Ageement, and at the egional level othe foms of coopeation developed in pepaation fo the development of the SDWP. It is paticulaly impotant to maintain good pactice of meetings of epesentatives of the five egional self-govenments of Westen Poland, as well as the netwok coopeation of the Regional Teitoial Obsevatoies fo the collection of statistical infomation and conduct of pemanent analyses to effectively implement the Stategy. Mechanisms of coopeation will allow fo developing and ageeing on a common list of supa-egional pojects to achieve the SDWP, developing a common position when negotiating teitoial contacts and identifying complementay pojects (fo pojects fom othe voivodeships of Westen Poland) funded by the egional opeational pogammes, also aimed at achieving the objectives of the Stategy. Coopeation will also include vaious patnes in the pepaation and implementation of the SDWP, at least though the oganisation of public consultation on povisions of the Stategy. In the case of foeign patnes, within the famewok of coopeation fo the development of Westen Poland and neighbouing aeas, the objective ought to be to make the best use of existing mechanisms and stuctues of coopeation in the famewok of coss-bode pogammes. The coodination mechanisms include pimaily the teitoial contact as the main tool fo coodination of activities funded fom diffeent souces. The shae of the govenment and local govenments in the pepaation, negotiation and implementation of contacts will allow fo ageeing on the scope of suppot fo pojects addessing the SDWP. In addition, the existing stuctues should suppot coodination of activities, e.g. the committees monitoing egional opeational pogammes and othe pogammes financed fom Euopean Funds, involving epesentatives of both the govenment and local govenments, as well as socioeconomic patnes, including epesentatives of the scientific community and NGOs. Regional self-govenments of Westen Poland should also develop mechanisms fo coodination, especially at supa-egional level, allowing at fo least ageeing on the scope of planned activities outside the teitoy of one egion o affecting the development of othe egions (e.g. in the famewok of egional opeational 77

pogammes, the Euopean Teitoial Coopeation). The aim will be to ensue coheence and complementaity of the actions, including those undetaken by foeign entities. The mechanisms to implement the pinciple of multi-level management of the development of Westen Poland ae pimaily mechanisms fo establishing and opeation of stategic alliances and coalitions to suppot the implementation of the SDWP in the aea of the maco-egion, mechanisms fo extending and consolidating patneships fo its implementation (including mechanisms fo associating the elevant patnes) and mechanisms that build consistency and unifom image of the aea. In ode to implement this ule, the paties esponsible fo the implementation of the SDWP (voivodeship boads and the ministe in chage of egional development) can take a vaiety of actions to netwok elationships, such as: ceating conditions fo netwoking, though the constuction of platfoms fo exchange of expeiences and knowledge between diffeent actos fom Westen Poland, in ode to establish coopeation (e.g. between univesities and business), including coss-bode and tansnational coopeation, pomoting coopeation fo the ceation of supa-egional netwoking poducts e.g. touism, education, eseach, ceation of poject goups pepaing and initiating solutions fo the oganisation and implementation of individual pojects, establishing public-pivate patneships fo the implementation of pojects aimed at achieving the objectives of the SDWP, pomoting the benefits gained by stakeholdes engaged in the implementation of the SDWP, infoming about possibilities fo implementation of joint pojects by entities fom diffeent voivodeships within the SDWP, taking joint action to pomote economic and touist offe of Westen Poland, building administative capacity fo coopeation though, among othes, exchange of knowledge and expeience and pomoting best pactices, implementation of pojects conducive to building social capital fo coopeation. Evidence-based decision-making mechanism is about the fomulation of poposals fo the SDWP based on veifiable data (evidence) obtained though monitoing and evaluating pogess towads the objectives of the SDWP. The pope oganisation of these pocesses, which enable management of the Stategy based on eliable infomation, should be fosteed by the monitoing based on indicatos identified in the SDWP, extensive use of available data of official 78

Pefomance system statistics (including the use of statistical base STRATEG 76) and coopeation with the Voivodeship Regional Reseach Centes (VRRC) and the use of existing mechanisms fo monitoing and evaluation opeating pimaily within egional and national opeational pogammes. The mechanisms fo monitoing and evaluation also include pepaation of peiodic epots fo the cuent and peiodic assessment of pogess in the implementation of the SDWP, i.e. the infomation on SDWP implementation and the epot on SDWP implementation, pepaed evey fou yeas to identify changes in the conditions 77). The entities esponsible fo the implementation of the SDWP may also take additional measues to identify and analyse development pocesses in voivodeships of Westen Poland, fo example, suppoting the implementation of elevant eseach pojects (in paticula by teitoial, national and egional obsevatoies), o integation of activities of eseach institutions engaged in eseach on vaious aspects of development pocesses in the maco-egion. 7.2 COORDINATION SYSTEM The institutional system of SDWP implementation involves both actos at the national and at egional and local levels. Main tasks and esponsibilities of the entities involved in the implementation of the Stategy ae shown below. 1) Council of Ministes: adopts the SDWP and any updates theeto, accepts the negotiating mandate fo the ministe in chage of egional development, who negotiates teitoial contacts with voivodeship boads on behalf of the govenment, appoves the epot on socio-economic, egional and spatial development, containing ecommendations to be implemented, among othes, by egional govenments and othe entities involved in the implementation of the SDWP. 2) Coodinating Committee on Development Policy: gives opinions on the daft SDWP pio to its adoption by the Council of Ministes, ensues consistency of the SDWP with othe stategic documents, as pat of pemanent monitoing of the implementation of development activities of the county, including the egional policy, examines the 76) The monitoing system fo development policy, ceated by the Cental Statistical Office in coopeation with the ministe in chage of egional development; available at: www.stateg.stat.gov.pl 77) Aticle 3a, Aticle 12a and Aticle 35b of the Act on the pinciples of development policy of 6 Decembe 2006 (Dz.U. of 2009, No. 84, item 712, as amended). 79

conclusions esulting fom the pocesses of monitoing and evaluation, makes assessments on the effectiveness of measues aimed at the implementation of the SDWP and ecommends changes to the system fo suppot of the development, monitos the implementation of obligations aising fom teitoial contacts insofa as they elate to development inteventions in line with the diections set out in the SDWP. 3) Subcommittee on egional development and the teitoial dimension opeating at the Coodinating Committee of the Patneship Ageement (CPA): analyses cuent conclusions esulting fom the pocesses of monitoing and evaluation of opeational pogammes, including the degee of contibution of national and egional opeational pogammes (OP/ROP) to the objectives of the SDWP, discusses infomation on the implementation of the Stategy pepaed by the ministe in chage of egional development and a epot on the implementation of the SDWP developed by the same ministe, ecommends to the committee the mechanisms to suppot SDWP objectives though inteventions in the opeational pogammes. 80 4) Ministe in chage of egional development: develops the SDWP in coopeation with boads of voivodeships of Westen Poland; submits the SDWP and updates theeto to the Council of Ministes, makes assessment of the compliance of the SDWP with medium-tem development stategy of the county the National Development Stategy fo 2020, negotiates the govenment mandate and negotiates teitoial contacts on behalf of the Council of Ministes, ensues coodination of activities financed fom vaious souces and implemented to achieve objectives of the SDWP, commissions o pefoms evaluations of a hoizontal natue, including fo the egional development in a maco-egional scale, monitos development pocesses at supa-egional level based on infomation eceived, in paticula fom the national teitoial obsevatoy and fom egional teitoial obsevatoies of voivodeships of Westen Poland, based on monitoing pocesses, pepaes infomation on SDWP implementation and a peiodic epot on implementation of the SDWP, fomulates ecommendations on how to implement the SDWP based on monitoing and evaluation pocesses, includes infomation on the pogess of the SDWP (infomation on SDWP implementation and peiodic epot on implementation of the SDWP) in the systems fo monitoing and evaluation of the implementation of national

Pefomance system development policies and the EU cohesion policy, including takes into account the findings fom monitoing and evaluation of the SDWP in the epots fo the monitoing of opeational pogammes and the Patneship Ageement (in the epot on the implementation of OP/ROP and the stategic epot on pogess of woks), and in epots to monito development policy (in the infomation on the implementation of medium-tem development stategy of the county and in the cyclic epot on socio-economic development, egional and spatial). 5) Boads of voivodeships of Westen Poland: paticipate in the development of the SDWP and updates theeto, paticipate in the wok of the Woking team fo the SDWP, coodinate the pepaation, negotiate with the ministe in chage of egional development and implement at egional level the teitoial contacts fo implementation of the SDWP, accoding to juisdiction; ensue the monitoing and evaluation of pogess in the implementation of the SDWP, including the implementation of supa-egional pojects ageed in the negotiation of teitoial contacts, discuss the infomation on SDWP implementation and the peiodic epot on implementation of the SDWP pepaed by the ministe in chage of egional development, manage the egional opeational pogammes and detemine the extent of thei contibution to the objectives of the SDWP, including identifying pojects within ROP that ae complementay to pojects fom othe voivodeships of Westen Poland, make decisions on how to implement the SDWP, including in paticula on the selection o changes to pojects implemented to achieve the objectives of the SDWP. 6) Woking team fo the SDWP: The team will consist of epesentatives of the five mashals offices. The meetings of the Team should be held at least twice a yea and esponsibility fo coodination of Team s wok will be otating. The main tasks of the team include: coopeation in the identification of supa-egional pojects and exchange of infomation on ongoing pojects, infoming the ministe in chage of egional development about the esults of the Team s wok at least once a yea. 81

7) Patnes woking fo the implementation of the SDWP: Patnes woking to implement the SDWP include all entities that contibute to achieving the objectives of the Stategy, especially local govenments, entepeneus, business envionment institutions, univesities, community oganisations, business oganisations, Euo-egions, scientific institutes, eseach institutes, schools and cultual institutions 78). The main tasks of the patnes include: contibution to the development of the SDWP though active paticipation in public consultation on the daft Stategy, implementation of pojects to achieve the SDWP objectives (including in the fomula of public-pivate patneships), paticipation in the wok of monitoing committees fo opeational pogammes, as well as in the wok of othe coodinating bodies appointed at national and egional level, monitoing and evaluation of development pocesses in the context of own business (fo example, eseach caied out by scientific and eseach institutes), paticipation in institutionalised foms of coopeation to implement the SDWP, fomed in accodance with the mechanisms of coopeation and patneship mechanisms of multi-level management of development of Westen Poland. 7.3 MONITORING SYSTEM The monitoing of the SDWP uses domestic mechanisms fo monitoing of the development policy, in paticula the egional policy (as defined in the National Stategy fo Regional Development 2010-2020) and the mechanisms fo monitoing the implementation of opeational pogammes financed with Euopean Funds, as well as development pogammes financed with national funds (Diagam 2). Monitoing the implementation of the SDWP objectives is done, among othes, based on defined indicatos and pojects that contibute to achieving the objectives of the Stategy. Due to the fact that the vast majoity of measues to implement the SDWP will come fom opeational pogammes, the monitoing of pojects implemented unde these pogammes will use stuctues and pocedues fo monitoing of spending of EU funds. Inclusion of the SDWP in monitoing of development policies within the national development management system makes that the data collected in the monitoing 78) The list includes economic and social patnes within the meaning of the Act of 6 Decembe 2006 on the pinciples of development policy (Dz.U. of 2009, No. 84, item 712, as amended). 82

Pefomance system of the Stategy will be enteed into the STRATEG system fo monitoing of development. The pocess of ongoing monitoing will be the basis fo the ministe esponsible fo egional development to pepae the infomation on implementation of the SDWP. The infomation will be discussed at the subcommittee fo egional development and teitoial dimension opeating at the Coodinating Committee of the Patneship Ageement. The infomation will make use of, inte alia, the data fom the epots on the implementation of opeational pogammes. The infomation about the implementation of the SDWP will seve as input to the infomation on implementation of the medium-tem national development stategy (National Development Stategy 2020), pepaed by the ministe in chage of egional development. The epot on the implementation of the SDWP, which is the basis fo stategic monitoing of the degee of achievement of its objectives, is pepaed fo a peiod consistent with the peiod of pepaation of the epot on the socio-economic, egional and spatial development 79). In its basic scope the epot includes at least: a desciption of the conditions and thei changes elevant to the assessment of pogess in achieving the objectives of the Stategy, measues taken to implement the stategy, indicating the souces of thei funding, pogess in achieving the objectives on the basis of monitoing indicatos, pesentation and evaluation of the implemented key pojects linked to the intevention diections of the SDWP, conclusions and foecasts of the potential to achieve the objectives of the SDWP, ecommendations on the need fo evaluation and/o othe in-depth analyses in the indicated aeas. The epot is pepaed by the ministe in chage of egional development in coopeation, in paticula, with the boads of voivodeships, and then passed to the Coodinating Committee fo Development Policy (CC DP); it can be the basis fo making ecommendations in tems of a possible update to the SDWP o implementation instuments (teitoial contacts and opeational pogammes). The esults of the epot ae also included in the epot on socio-economic, egional and spatial development pepaed by the ministe in chage of egional development. 79) The obligation to pepae a epot on the socio-economic, egional and spatial development esults fom the Act of 6 Decembe 2006 on the pinciples of development policy (Dz.U. of 2009, No. 84, item 712, as amended). 83

Diagam 2. Monitoing and epoting in the SDWP. Repot on the socio-economic, egional and spa al development in Poland pepaed by the ministe in chage of egional development, discussed at CC DP and accepted by the CM Repot on the implementa on of the Stategy fo Development of Westen Poland 2020 pepaed by the ministe in chage of egional development, discussed at the subcommi ee fo egional development and teitoial dimension and tansfeed to the CC D Infoma on on the implementa on of the medium-tem na onal development stategy pepaed by the ministe in chage of egional development Evalua on pocess and its poducts Infoma on on the implementa on of the Stategy pepaed by the ministe in chage of egional development discussed at the subcommi ee fo egional development and teitoial dimension MONITORING PROCESS monitoing implementa on of SDWP objec ves based on indicatos Repots on the implementa on of the ROP Souce: own development Repots on the implementa on of the na onal OP Repots on the implementa on of ETC pogammes Othe infoma on about the degee of implementa on of pojects aimed at achieving the SDWP objec ves 7.4 EVALUATION ASSESSMENT SYSTEM The implementation of the SDWP evaluation is the esponsibility of both the ministe in chage of egional development, as well as the boads of voivodeships of Westen Poland. The ministe esponsible fo egional development is in chage of conducting hoizontal evaluations, including those concening egional development at supa-egional level, using, among othes, the potential of the national teitoial obsevatoy and othe national eseach centes. In addition, the ministe in chage of egional development is esponsible fo evaluation in the context of diffeent national opeational pogammes, which will povide potential funding souces fo the SDWP. Theefoe, these evaluations should include an assessment of measues to achieve its objectives. The boads of voivodeships ae esponsible fo conducting evaluations of egional development stategies and egional opeational pogammes, and the evaluations should take into account the guidelines fo the SDWP. They cay out evaluation tasks and make use of the potential and esouces of egional teitoial obsevatoies and othe egional eseach centes. 84

Pefomance system Both the ministe esponsible fo egional development and the boads of voivodeships of Westen Poland ae obliged to agee on the scope of evaluation of the SDWP and to povide each othe with epots on commissioned evaluation studies elevant to the objectives of the SDWP. The epots povide the basis fo making conclusions by the voivodeship boads and the ministe esponsible fo egional development on changes in methods of pusuing its objectives. Evaluation epots ae submitted, in paticula, to the Coodinating Committee fo Development Policy and to the subcommittee fo egional development and teitoial dimension opeating at the Coodinating Committee of the Patneship Ageement. The epots ae also available on the websites of the institutions which commission evaluations. Diagam 3. SDWP evaluation system. Poducts of the evalua on pocess evalua on epots discussed at the subcommi ee fo egional development and teitoial dimension and the CC DP, cons tu ng a contibu on to the pepaa on of inteim epot on the implementa on of the SDWP andepot on the socio-economic, egional and spa al development in Poland Evalua ons of the ROP made by boads of voivodeships Evalua ons of OP and hoizontal evalua ons caied out by the ministe in chage of egional development Othe evalua ons: e.g. evalua ons of sectoal policies of impotance to the Westen Poland, woks of egional teitoial obsevatoies and egional eseach funds, etc. Coodinated and ageed at a subcommi ee fo egional development and teitoial dimension Souce: own development The epots ae the basis fo the elevant committees to make ecommendations fo instuments used fo implementation of the SDWP to impove the effectiveness and efficiency of activities contibuting to the achievement of the objectives of the Stategy (diagam 3). 85

8 FINANCIAL FRAMEWORK Identification of budget souces, which will finance the pojects esulting fom the SDWP, must take account of the specific natue of this document. On the one hand, it distinguishes the objectives and key actions fo the development of Westen Poland as a whole. On the othe, this document indicates complementay activities below the supa-egional level, the implementation of which, although caied out sepaately by each egion, will allow fo moe complete utilization of the potential of the maco egion. Theefoe, the SDWP will not be financed solely fom one souce, which means that it is necessay to base the system of financing by assembling vaious financial esouces fo its implementation, with paticula emphasis on the appopiate use of contibution fom the Euopean stuctual and investment funds in the pogamming peiod 2014-2020. The adoption of the financial engineeing pinciple means that the units of public finances and othe entities involved in its implementation will not bea additional financial impact due to the implementation of the Stategy. The effots of all actos should be diected at identifying pojects within the existing development instuments and pogammes and existing funding souces. The financial engineeing pinciple fo the implementation of the SDWP should be achieved though: ensuing allocations fom national opeational pogammes ageed duing the negotiations of teitoial contacts, as well as fom the state budget, poviding funds fo the implementation of complementay pojects, within the famewok of the egional opeational pogammes, contibuting to the SDWP, pomoting complementay pojects undetaken with foeign patnes unde the Euopean Teitoial Coopeation and aising funds fo these pojects, pomoting integated maco-egional coopeation pojects supa-egional pojects at cental level and applying fo funds fo such pojects, mobilising and including pivate funds in financing of the activities foeseen in the SDWP, above all, in the fomula of public-pivate patneships. In the financial pespective 2014-2020, the main souce of funding fo the activities implementing the SDWP will be EU funds pogammed pimaily in national opeational pogammes and in egional opeational pogammes. The national opeational pogammes will envisage pefeences (e.g., specific pioities, actions, citeia) fo the selection of supa-egional pojects. Implementation of supa-egional pojects unde the national opeational pogammes equies including them in teitoial contacts fo voivodeships of Westen Poland. 86

Financial famewok The egional opeational pogammes should finance pojects complementay to the pojects pepaed by othe voivodeships of Westen Poland. Thus, the selection of pojects fo funding fom ROP should ewad pojects that use a common potential and positively affect the development position of the macoegion. Funding fo the pojects fom egional opeational pogammes will equie appopiate coodination of thei pepaation and implementation between the voivodeships of Westen Poland, which may be helped, inte alia, by the pocedue fo the pepaation and negotiation of teitoial contacts. The funds fo the Euopean Teitoial Coopeation dedicated to the implementation of joint activities with patnes fom aboad should be an impotant complement to these souces. In addition, local govenments of Westen Poland should also take action to mobilise pivate financing, in paticula in the fomula of public-pivate patneships. Hence, the main instuments fo implementation of objectives of the SDWP, ensuing financing of its actions may be: national opeational pogammes (pimaily intended fo the pogamming peiod 2014-2020, i.e. OP Intelligent Development, OP Infastuctue and tenvionment, OP Knowledge, Education, Development, OP Digital Poland, OP Technical Assistance, Rual Development Pogamme, OP Fishing and Sea), egional opeational pogammes of voivodeships of Westen Poland, pogammes of Euopean Teitoial Coopeation, othe development pogammes. As a esult, potential funding souces fo the SDWP include: funds fom the Euopean Union the Euopean Stuctual and Investment Funds: the Euopean Regional Development Fund, the Euopean Social Fund, the Cohesion Fund, the Euopean Agicultual Fund fo Rual Development, the Euopean Maitime and Fisheies Fund, the state budget funds fo co-financing of pojects, funds fom budgets of voivodeship, poviat and gmina govenments fo cofinancing of pojects, public funds (fom the state budget, state special funds, budgets of voivodeship, poviat and gmina govenments and othe souces) eamaked fo stuctual objectives which ae not a contibution to the co-financing of pojects fom stuctual and investment funds, pivate funds e.g. funds unde public-pivate patneship. Moeove, the financial pespective fo 2014-2020 also foesees implementation of new initiatives o continuation of peviously implemented pogammes aimed at achieving the objectives of EU policies. These initiatives could povide a potential 87

additional souce of funding fo pojects aimed at achieving the objectives of the SDWP and include, among othes: Connecting Euope Facitlity intended to suppot infastuctue pojects in tanspot, enegy and infomation technology, which will finance development of infastuctue to enhance the Euopean Common Maket, pogamme Hoizon 2020 famewok pogamme fo eseach and innovation, COSME pogamme to suppot competitiveness of entepises, including SMEs, NER 300 pogamme designed to fund innovative pojects and low cabon technologies, used as the main element of the EU stategy to fight climate change, LIFE instument fo co-financing of pojects in the field of envionmental potection, aimed at suppoting the implementation of Community envionmental law, envionmental policy and identification and pomotion of new solutions to envionmental poblems, Easmus + pogamme in the field of education and vocational taining aimed at the development of vaious foms of lifelong leaning and impoving the quality and attactiveness of education and taining in Euope, EaSI pogamme fo employment and social innovation; objectives include, among othes, pomoting mobility of wokes, Ceative Euope Euopean Commission pogamme to suppot cultual and ceative sectos, will focus on suppot fo Euopean cultue, movies, television, music, liteatue, pefoming ats, cultual heitage and elated aeas, instuments of the Euopean Investment Bank financing investment pojects fo the integation, balanced development and economic and social cohesion in the EU Membe States, as well as outside the EU. 88

List of chats, diagams, maps, tables List of chats, diagams, maps, tables Chat 1. Goss domestic poduct pe capita by voivodeships elative deviation fom the aveage value in the county in 2009 and 2011.................................... 19 Chat 2. Age stuctue of population in 2002 and 2012..................................... 24 Chat 3. Coefficient of net intenational migation fo pemanent esidence of the woking age population pe 10 thousand people in 2006-2012..................................... 25 Chat 4. Value of expots of voivodeships in elation to the GDP of egions in 2004-2010 (%)..... 29 Chat 5. Innovative industial entepises in 2009-2011 by voivodeship (shae in all industial entepises)........................................................................ 51 Chat 6. Innovative companies fom the sevice secto in 2009-2011 by voivodeship (shae in all entepises in the sevices.................................................. 51 Chat 7. Shae of evenues of industial entepises fom sales of new o significantly impoved poducts intoduced to the maket in 2009-2011 by voivodeship.................... 52 Chat 8. Shae of evenues of entepises in the sevices secto fom sales of new o significantly impoved poducts intoduced to the maket in 2009-2011 by voivodeship....... 52 Diagam 1. Development objectives of Westen Poland.................................... 64 Diagam 2. Monitoing and epoting in the SDWP........................................ 84 Diagam 3. SDWP evaluation system.................................................... 85 Map 1. EU Regional Competitiveness Index (RCI) 2013..................................... 18 Map 2. Goss domestic poduct (GDP) pe capita expessed in puchasing powe paity (PPP) by NUTS 2 egions, 2010.............................................................. 19 Map 3. Investment attactiveness of Polish sub-egions fo industial activity in 2012............ 20 Map 4. Investment attactiveness of Polish sub-egions fo sevice activity in 2012.............. 20 Map 5. Investment attactiveness of Polish sub-egions fo high-tech activity in 2012........... 21 Map 6. Numbe of newly egisteed entepises pe thousand inhabitants in 2010 (unweighted aveage fo all poviats in Poland = 9, 4)....................................... 21 Map 7. Registeed unemployment ate by voivodeship in 2012.............................. 24 Map 8. Foecast of gowth of population in 2011-2020..................................... 26 Map 9. Shae of expots of Polish voivodeships in the poduction sold in 2010................. 29 Map 10. Lead patnes in INTERREG C III and IV (Januay 2011).............................. 31 Map 11. Numbe of poject patnes in INTERREG IIIC and IVC pogammes (Januay 2011)...... 31 Map 12. Westen Poland against the backgound of intenational............................ 32 Map 13. Potential multimodal accessibility in the Euopean fame of efeence in 2011.......... 34 Map 14. Potential incease in % of the level of accessibility in Euope in oad tanspot (left) and ail tanspot (ight).............................................................. 35 89

Map 15. The main elements of the tanspot netwok and the aeas with the pooest tavel times in 2011.................................................................. 36 Map 16. Tanspot accessibility in Poland in 2012......................................... 36 Map 17. Touism attactiveness of Poland................................................ 38 Map 18. Pesence of deposits and mineals and ecoveable esouces in deposits.............. 40 Map 19.Plan of powe tansmission gid in the aea of Cental Euope........................ 42 Map 20. Level of innovation in EU-28, Noway and Switzeland.............................. 43 Map 21. GERD in Poland in elation to egional GDP in 2010................................ 45 Map 22. Cuent expenditues on basic eseach and applied eseach in elation to egional GDP in 2010.............................................................. 45 Map 23. HRST (synthetic indicato of human esouces in science and technology) as a pecentage of total population in 2011.............................................. 46 Map 24. Highe education in Poland by egions........................................... 48 Map 25. Coopeation in eviewing doctoal theses in 2008.................................. 50 Map 26. Intensity of expenditue on innovation in entepises (industy and sevices) in Poland in 2009.................................................................... 51 Map 27. Companies placing odes via compute netwoks by voivodeships in 2011............ 54 Table 1. Goss value added by activity and voivodeships in 2011 (cuent pices)............... 22 Table 2. Infomation and communication technologies in the opeation of entepises in voivodeships of Westen Poland in 2012............................................... 53 Table 3. Innovation and entepeneuship centes in Poland in 2012.......................... 55 Table 4. Potential of clustes by industy in voivodeships of Westen Poland in 2010............ 57 Table 5. Monitoing indicatos fo objectives of the Stategy fo Development of Westen Poland 2020.............................................................. 73 90

Expet epots pepaed fo the pupose of the Stategy fo Development of Westen Poland 2020 Expet epots pepaed fo the pupose of the Stategy fo Development of Westen Poland 2020 Dziemianowicz Wojciech, Nowicka Paulina, Szlachta Jacek (pzy współpacy Uzędów Maszałkowskich Województw Dolnośląskiego, Lubuskiego, Opolskiego, Wielkopolskiego i Zachodniopomoskiego) Założenia Stategii Rozwoju Polski Zachodniej Dziemianowicz Wojciech, Szlachta Jacek Diagnoza stategiczna Polski Zachodniej Batóg Jacek Analiza i pognoza dochodów i wydatków publicznych w Polsce Zachodniej Dutkowski Maek Rapot egionalny województwa zachodniopomoskiego Dutkowski Maek Wykozystanie potencjału gospodaczo-naukowego dla ozwoju społeczno-gospodaczego Polski Zachodniej Dziemianowicz Wojciech, Szlachta Jacek Rapot metodyczny Polska Zachodnia 2020 EU-CONSULT Sp. z o.o., Instytut Badawczy IPC Sp. z o.o. Ewaluacja ex-ante pojektu Stategii Rozwoju Polski Zachodniej Gwosdz Kzysztof, Domański Bolesław Specyfika banżowa i pzestzenne zóżnicowanie pzemysłu w województwach Polski Zachodniej Heffne Kystian Funkcje metopolitalne stolic województw Polski Zachodniej Heffne Kystian Powiązania funkcjonalne obszaów miejskich Polski Zachodniej Heffne Kystian Rapot egionalny województwa opolskiego Jezak Leszek, Maciantowicz Maek, Goaj Maiusz Ochona i konsewacja watości pzyodniczych Polski Zachodniej Komonicki Tomasz Dostępność tanspotowa Polski Zachodniej Kozak Maek Tuystyka i dziedzictwo kultuowe w Polsce Zachodniej Kyńska Elżbieta, Aendt Łukasz Rynek pacy i kieunki wzostu aktywności zawodowej ludności w Polsce Zachodniej 91

Kudłacz Tadeusz Analiza pięciu stategii egionalnych województw Polski Zachodniej Kudłacz Tadeusz Rapot egionalny województwa lubuskiego Małyszko Olgied Bezpieczeństwo enegetyczne Polski Zachodniej Mogiła Zbigniew, Zaleski Janusz, Zathey Maciej Wykozystanie pzyganicznego położenia obszaów Polski Zachodniej dla ozwoju społeczno- gospodaczego Radzimski Adam Rozwój społeczno-gospodaczy ośodków powiatowych Ratajczak Waldema Rapot egionalny województwa wielkopolskiego Satoius Witold Społeczeństwo infomacyjne w Polsce Zachodniej Stuś Miosław, Łabędzki Henyk, Czanecki Adam Obszay wiejskie Polski Zachodniej w waunkach dynamizacji zmian stuktualnych Szlachta Jacek Polska Zachodnia w kontekście kajowych i euopejskich dokumentów stategicznych Zaleski Janusz, Lisowiec Gabiela, Kof Tadeusz Rapot egionalny województwa dolnośląskiego Zieliński Tomasz, Jaksina Tomasz, Smutek Jan, Izdebski Miosław, Jastzębski Leszek Analiza poównawcza planów zagospodaowania pzestzennego województw Polski Zachodniej 92

The most impotant events concening the Stategy fo Development of Westen Poland 2020 The most impotant events concening the Stategy fo Development of Westen Poland 2020 IMPLEMENTATION PERIOD 1 Apil 2010 Zielona Góa 16 June 2010 Waszawa 7 July 2010 Poznań 26 August 2010 Szczecin 29 Septembe 2010 Zielona Góa 22 Octobe 2010 Opole 5 Novembe 2010 Waszawa 15-16 Decembe 2010 Rokosowo 13 Januay 2011 Poznań 20 Januay 2011 Opole DESCRIPTION OF EVENT Fist meeting of Mashals of voivodeships of Westen Poland. Decision on taking action fo the wok on the Westen Poland 2020 Initiative. Meeting of Mashals of voivodeships of Westen Poland with Ms Elżbieta Bieńkowska, Ministe of Regional Development. The idea of supa-egional stategy fo the Westen Poland was accepted. Meeting of Mashals of voivodeships of Westen Poland, whee the decision on pepaation of the Guidelines fo the Stategy fo Development of Westen Poland 2020 was made. It was established that Mashals would be suppoted by the Steeing Goup consisting of key expets, egional expets and diectos of the depatments esponsible fo egional development in Mashal Offices fom each voivodeship. Mashals of voivodeships of Westen Poland signed the ageement on taking joint actions to pepae the Stategy fo Development of Westen Poland 2020 and the Opeational Pogamme Development of Westen Poland within the famewok of the Westen Poland 2020 Initiative. Meeting of Mashals of voivodeships of Westen Poland and diectos of Mashal Offices depatments with the epesentatives of the Ministy of Regional Development. The scope of the paticipation of the Ministy in pepaation of thematic expet epots, as a basis fo woks on the Stategic Diagnosis of Westen Poland, was ageed. Meeting of diectos of depatments fom Mashal Offices duing which wok on the pepaation of substantive contibution fo the Stategy fo Development of Westen Poland was initiated. Meeting of diectos and expets duing which a schedule and main poducts of wok on the Guidelines fo the Stategy wee pesented. Fist wokshop of the Steeing Goup with epesentatives fom Mashal Offices, expets and epesentatives of the Ministy of Regional Development. Oganization and schedule of wok on documents, which ae the basis fo the pepaation of the Guidelines fo the Stategy, was discussed. Duing the wokshop, thee wee also pesented assumptions fo the methodology epot containing identification and analysis of development potentials, assumptions fo the egional epots and peliminay thesis fo expet epots commissioned by the Ministy of Regional Development. Meeting of the Steeing Goup ules of the Steeing Goup wee adopted. Duing the meeting paticipants wee also discussing the list of expet epots, assumptions fo the egional epots and peliminay daft of the Methodology Repot fo the Identification and Analysis of Development Potentials of Westen Poland Stategic Diagnosis of Westen Poland 2020. Pesentation of the daft of the Methodology Repot duing the meeting of Mashals. 93

25 Febuay 2011 The Methodology Repot fo the Identification and Analysis of Development Potentials of Westen Poland Stategic Diagnosis of Westen Poland 2020 was sent to voivodeships of Westen Poland. 17-18 Mach 2011 Książ (Wałbzych) 10 May 2011 Wocław 26-27 May 2011 Niechoze 25-26 August 2011 Poznań 3-5 Octobe 2011 Tuawa nea Opole 5-7 Decembe 2011 Rokosowo 2 Mach 2012 Poznań 2 Apil 2012 Szczecin 4-5 July 2012 Szczecin 19 Octobe 2012 Łęknica/Bad Muskau Meeting of the Steeing Goup an oveview of the ealization of egional epots and expet epots commissioned fo the pupose of diagnosis, discussion on the SWOT analysis and the identification of developmental poblems common fo voivodeships of Westen Poland. Discussion on actions taken unde the Westen Poland 2020 initiative (togethe with examination of the completion of the Guidelines fo the Stategy and egional epots) duing the Meeting of Mashals. Meeting of the Steeing Goup duing which egional epots wee discussed. Wokshop with the paticipation of Mashals of voivodeships of Westen Poland development of a peliminay vesion of the stategic vision fo Westen Poland, identification of aeas of coopeation unde which supaegional pojects will be identified. Wokshop on the daft of the Stategic Diagnosis fo Westen Poland and expet epot on the labou maket and the potential esulting fom the bode location of Westen Poland. Thee was also a discussion about poposals fo supa-egional pojects. Pesentation of the daft of the Guidelines fo the Stategy fo Development of Westen Poland. Completion of woks on defining the vision fo Westen Poland and identification of supa-egional pojects. The epesentatives of voivodeships ageed on the daft of the Guidelines fo the Stategy fo Development of Westen Poland. Submission to the Ministe of Regional Development, Ms. Elżbieta Bieńkowska, of the Guidelines fo the Stategy fo Development of Westen Poland with the equest to pepae a supa-egional stategy within the meaning of the Act on the pinciples of development policy and to submit it fo appoval to the Council of Ministes. Wokshop with epesentatives of voivodeships concening pepaation of fiches fo key (supa-egional) pojects listed in the Guidelines fo the Stategy fo Development of Westen Poland. Meeting of Mashals of voivodeships of Westen Poland duing which the ageement on the list of 7 pojects of supa-egional significance was eached. 21 Decembe 2012 The pinciples of coopeation in pepaation of the govenmental daft of supa-egional stategy based on the Guidelines fo the Stategy fo Development of Westen Poland wee ageed on by the epesentatives of the voivodeships. 8 Febuay 2013 Poznań 5 Mach 2013 Wocław The wok schedule fo pepaation of the daft of the Stategy fo Development of Westen Poland 2020 was detemined. Wokshop with the paticipation of epesentatives of the Ministy of Regional Development and of voivodeships dedicated to the discussion on possibility to use the Guidelines and the Stategic Diagnosis of Westen Poland to pepae a govenmental daft stategy in the context of cuent stategic pogamming pinciples. 94

The most impotant events concening the Stategy fo Development of Westen Poland 2020 Mach June 2013 26 July 2013 Waszawa 14 August 2013 Waszawa 17-18 Septembe 2013 Książ (Wałbzych) Analysis and update of the Guidelines fo the Stategy fo Development of Westen Poland 2020 and the Stategic Diagnosis of Westen Poland and complementay queies and analyses on the deteminants of maco-egional development. Pesentation of the peliminay vesion of the diagnostic-diectional pat of the daft of the Stategy duing the meeting at the Ministy of Regional Development with epesentatives of voivodeships involved in the pocess of pepaation of the Guidelines and the Stategic Diagnosis of Westen Poland. Confimation of the initial stuctue of govenment's daft of the Stategy fo Development of Westen Poland 2020 duing the meeting at the Ministy of Regional Development with Mashals of voivodeships of Westen Poland Wokshop with epesentatives of Ministy of Regional Development and of voivodeships on maco-egion s potentials on which stategic goals and intevention diections will be based Pesentation of the daft of the pefomance system and the financial famewok. Repesentatives of the voivodeships ageed on the eighth pioity poject concening knowledge based economy. Mashals signed a lette of intent on pepaation of pojects cucial fo Westen Poland (8 pojects). 10 Octobe 2013 Discussion on the daft of the Stategy fo Development of Westen Poland 2020 at the meeting of the Coodinating Committee on Development Policy. 31 Octobe 2013 Opinion of the Geneal Diecto fo Envionmental Potection on the lack of necessity to conduct stategic envionmental assessment fo the poject of Stategy fo Development of Westen Poland 2020. 7-8 Novembe 2013 Zielona Góa 18-19 Decembe 2013 Poznań Novembe 2013 Mach 2014 11 Febuay 8 Mach 2014 Wokshop with egions on the stuctue of objectives and diections of the Stategy fo Development of Westen Poland 2020. Wokshop with egions dedicated to ageement on objectives and diections. Pesentation of the poposed set of monitoing indicatos. Ex-ante evaluation. Public consultation of the poject. 13-27 Febuay 2014 Inte-ministeial consultation on the daft of the Stategy fo Development of Westen Poland 2020. 18 Mach 2014 Positive opinion of the Joint Commission of Govenment and Local Govenments on the daft of the Stategy fo Development of Westen Poland 2020. 31 Mach 2014 Opinion on the compliance of the daft of the Stategy fo Development of Westen Poland 2020 with the National Development Stategy 2020. Active Society, competitive economy, efficient state. 30 Apil 2014 Adoption of the Stategy fo Development of Westen Poland 2020 by the Council of Ministes (Council of Ministes Resolution No. 60 of 30 Apil 2014), following the appoval by the Committee fo Euopean Affais and the Standing Committee of the Council of Ministes. 95

Pesons involved in the wok on the Stategy fo Development of Westen Poland 2020 PATRONAGE OF WORKS Elżbieta Bieńkowska, Deputy Pime Ministe, Ministe of Infastuctue and Development MINISTRY OF INFRASTRUCTURE AND DEVELOPMENT SUPERVISION Iwona Wendel, Undesecetay of State OF WORKS: TEAM: Depatment of Supa-Regional Pogammes: Monika Pałasz, Diecto; Renata Calak, Deputy Diecto. Supa-egional Stategy Team: Anna Banaszczyk, Uszula Fiduska, Joanna Kościcka-Posiewka, Agnieszka Szczepińska, Maia Ślesik, Pzemysław Żukowski REPRESENTATIVES OF REGIONAL SELF-GOVERNMENTS DOLNOŚLĄSKIE VOIVODESHIP SUPERVISION OF WORKS: TEAM: LUBUSKIE VOIVODESHIP SUPERVISION OF WORKS: TEAM: OPOLSKIE VOIVODESHIP SUPERVISION OF WORKS: TEAM: Cezay Pzybylski, Mashal of Dolnośląskie Voivodeship; d Jezy Tutaj, Membe of the Boad of Dolnośląskie Voivodeship d Maciej Zathey, Diecto of the Depatment fo Regional Development; Joanna Pzybyszewska, Plenipotentiay of the Regional Boad of Dolnośląskie Region fo Ode Rive Affais; Atu Hac, Economic Development Division; Atu Łysoń, Economic Development Division; Miłosz Zankowski, Economic Development Division Elżbieta Polak, Mashal of Lubuskie Voivodeship; Bogdan Nowak, Deputy Mashal of Lubuskie Voivodeship Maciej Nowicki, Repesentative of the Boad of Voivodeship fo Cohesion Policy; Magdalena Balak-Hyńkiewicz, Head of Stategic Pogamming and Innovation Division of Depatment of Intenational and Regional Coopeation; Kamila Szczepańczyk, Office of the Boad of Lubuskie Voivodeship Andzej Buła, Mashal of Opolskie Voivodeship; Tomasz Kostuś, Deputy Mashal of Opolskie Voivodeship; Józef Sebesta, Mashal of Opolskie Voivodeship Danuta Rospond-Bednaska, Chief Manage of Development Stategy Office at Depatment of Regional and Spatial Policy; Łukasz Ostowski, Chief Manage of Reseach and Stategic Analysis Office at Depatment of Regional and Spatial Policy; Magdalena Słaboń, Stategic Planning Office Depatment of Regional and Spatial Policy; Jacek Kichman, Depatment of Infastuctue and Economy WIELKOPOLSKIE VOIVODESHIP SUPERVISION OF WORKS: TEAM: Maek Woźniak, Mashal of Wielkopolskie Voivodeship; Wojciech Jankowiak, Deputy Mashal of Wielkopolskie Voivodeship ; Leszek Wojtasiak, Deputy Mashal of Wielkopolskie Voivodeship Gzegoz Potzebowski, Diecto of the Depatment of Regional Policy; Mieczysław Boówka, Deputy Diecto of the Depatment of Regional Policy; Kzysztof Bokowicz, Head of Regional Analyses Unit in the Depatment of Regional Policy; Michał Rejewski, Head of Stategic Planning Unit in the Depatment of Regional Policy; Jacek Kaspzyk, Depatment of Regional Policy ZACHODNIOPOMORSKIE VOIVODESHIP SUPERVISION OF WORKS: TEAM: Olgied Geblewicz, Mashal of Zachodniopomoskie Voivodeship; d hab. Wojciech Dożdż, Deputy Mashal of Zachodniopomoskie Voivodeship Macin Szmyt, Diecto of the Stategic Management Depatment; Maek Oszewski, Deputy Diecto of the Stategic Management Depatment; Igo Jasinski, Shaed Position fo Teitoialisation of Development Policy; d Jezy Ruszała, Shaed Position fo Teitoialisation of Development Policy; Sławomi Dobuzyński, Development Pogamming Bueau TEAM OF EXPERTS pof. Jacek Szlachta, PhD., Wasaw School of Economics; Wojciech Dziemianowicz, PhD., Geopofit INSTITUTE FOR TERRITORIAL DEVELOPMENT (unit of Dolnośląskie self-govenment) d Maciej Bosa, Diecto; d Wojciech Maleszka, Head of Unit fo Stategic Analysis; Kaolina Dewnicka, Senio Specialist in Unit fo Stategic Analysis 96

Ministy of Infastuctue and Development Depatment of Supa-Regional Pogammes ul. Wspólna 2/4, 00-926 Wasaw www.mi.gov.pl stategiapolskizachodniej@mi.gov.pl ISBN: 978-83-7610-498-0 Fee of chage