Abnormal Behavior and the Criminal Justice System Robert G. Meyer, Ph.D. LEXINGTON BOOKS An Imprint of Macmillan, Inc. NEW YORK Maxwell Macmillan Canada TORONTO Maxwell Macmillan International NEW YORK OXFORD SINGAPORE SYDNEY
Contents Preface ix 1. Mental Health Issues for Criminal Justice Personnel 1 Concepts of Abnormality 2 Mental Health Professionals 3 Major Historical Developments Related to Mental Disorder 5 Myths about Abnormal Behavior 6 Incidence of Mental Disorders 10 The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 12 Common Mental Health Assessment Techniques 12 Consensus Themes about Abnormal Behavior 14 Notes 15 2. The Criminal Personality, the Psychopath, the Antisocial Personality Disorder, and Classification 17 The Case of Charles Starkweather 17 The Criminal Personality 18 The Antisocial Personality Disorder and the Psychopath 22 Conclusions about Psychopathy 32 Classification in Corrections 33 Notes 37 3. The Personality and Impulse Disorders 39 The Case of Ted Bundy 39 The Personality Disorders 40 The Impulse Disorders 51 The Criminal Justice System and the Impulse and Personality Disorders 57 Notes 58
vi Contents 4. The Alcohol- and Drug-Abuse Disorders 61 The Case of the Charles Manson Clan 61 General Causes of Substance Abuse 62 Intervention in Substance Abuse 63 Alcohol Abuse 64 Polydrug Abuse 69 Prescription Drug Abuse 70 Nonprescription Drug Abuse 73 Legal Issues and Substance Abuse 80 Conclusions 85 Notes 86 5. The Sexual Disorders 89 The Case of Ed Kemper 89 Sexuality: Baseline Trends and Myths 90 The Paraphilias (Sexual Deviations) 92 Pornography and the Sexual Deviations 99 Transsexualism 104 Sexual Addiction 105 Homosexuality 106 Psychosexual Dysfunction 107 Notes 110 6. The Psychoses and the Organic Brain Damage Disorders 113 The Case of Joseph Westbecker 113 The Psychoses 114 Organic Brain Disorders 132 Notes 138 7. The Anxiety, Dissociative, and Sleep Disorders 141 The Case of Mark Peterson 141 The Anxiety Disorders 142 The Dissociative Disorders 150 The Sleep Disorders 154 Notes 156 8. Malingering, the Somatoform Disorders, and the Factitious Disorders 157 The Case of the Hillside Strangler 157 Malingering 158 The Somatoform Disorders 160 The Factitious Disorders 166
Contents vii Ruling Out Hypochondriasis, Factitious Disorder, and Malingering 168 Notes 173 9. The Childhood Disorders and Mental Retardation 175 A Case of Juvenile Homicide 175 The Socio-Political Perspective 176 Juvenile Delinquency and Conduct Disorders 177 Oppositional Defiant Disorder 184 School Refusal (School Phobia) 184 Hyperactivity 186 Attention-Deficit Disorder (ADD) 187 Learning Disability 189 Drug Abuse in Adolescence 192 Eating Disorders 193 Suicide in Adolescents 196 Mental Retardation 196 Relevant Legal Issues 197 Notes 200 10. Violence 203 Legal Categories of Violent Crime 205 Murder 206 The Explosive Disorder 210 Terrorism 211 Family Violence 214 Capital Punishment 226 Notes 227 11. Deception Detection 229 Basic Concepts 230 Methods of Detecting Deception and Malingering 230 Conclusion 245 Notes 245 12. Competency, Criminal Responsibility, Civil Commitment, and the Prediction of Dangerousness 247 Criminal versus Civil Cases 247 Competency 248 Criminal Responsibility 249 Competency to Be Executed 253 Competency to Make a Will 253 Civil Commitment 255 The Prediction of Dangerousness 256 Notes 263
viii Contents 13. Psychopharmacology in Criminal Justice 265 Classification of Psychotropic Medications 266 Antipsychotic Drugs 266 Antidepressants 269 Antimanic Drugs 272 Antianxiety Medications 273 Sedative-Hypnotic Medications 275 Anti-Parkinson's Medications 276 Medications for the Control of Violent and Aggressive Behavior 277 Truth Serums 278 Legal Issues in the Use of Psychotropic Medications (and Treatment in General) 279 Notes 282 14. Criminal Justice Personnel Issues 285 Personnel Selection 285 Performance in the Judicial Arena 287 Dealing with Informants 292 Eyewitness Identification Research 293 Controlling the Effects of Working in the Criminal Justice System 294 Notes 302 Index 303 About the Author 313