HEINZ NIXDORF INSTITUT Seminar Algorithms of the Internet 2004-04-19 1
Motivation The Internet is the public global wide-area interconnection network for computers grows exponentially evolves The evolution of the Internet Crises and catastrophes Computer hackers since the 70s The traffic breakdown in the 80s Denial of service attacks in the 90s SPAM forever Clever algorithmic solutions Secure protocols TCP bandwidth control DoS-detection SPAM-filters 2
Goals of the Seminar Algorithms of the Internet Literature recherche in a hot topic Write an survey on the state of the art Give a presentation on this field Interact with others on scientific research Provide material for the community future lectures and seminars a book 3
Organization See the Web-page http://wwwcs.upb.de/cs/ag-madh/www/teaching/2004ss/alginternet/ Today: Next two meetings: Registration Assignment of topics Kickoff and feedback May 10th/17th: 2pm-6pm 1st presentation From May to July July 19th/26th: 1pm-7pm 2nd presentation August 1st (11:59 pm): August 30th (2pm): weekly (voluntary) meetings for consultation Deadline for written assignment Evaluation, grades and comments (voluntary participation) 4
The Deliverables 1st presentation Duration 15 min. Presents main issue strategy to get the work done 2nd presentation Duration 45 min. Survey of the research area Written assignment 5-10 pages (pure text without title, references, and figures) Survey of the most relevant and interesting work in the assigned area 5
How it Counts for the Grade 1st presentation 0% 2nd presentation 25 % Written assignment 75 % 6
The Topics 1. The mobile Internet 2. P2P-networks 3. Web caching 4. Algorithms for Web search engines 5. The structure of the Web 6. Security mechanisms of the Internet 7. Denial of service attacks 8. Worms, viruses and spam 9. Epidemic algorithms 10. The Domain Name System (DNS) 11. Bandwidth allocation of TCP 12. Routing algorithms of IP 13. Broadcasting and Multicasting in IP 14. The self-organization of the Internet 15. Wild card 7
Contents of Written Assignment Scientific survey on the assigned topic For broad audience interested in algorithms and Internet Table of contents for Tachyonic Networking 1. What is Tachyonic Network Transmissions (TNT) 2. Applications of TNT 3. How TNT began 4. The main streams of TNT 5. Recent developments in Tachyonic Networking and Computing 6. Focus: The TachyNet - A clever solution of TNT 7. Open problems and upcoming developments References 8
Format and Layout of Written Assignment American English Neutral style 5-10 pages (pure text without title, references, and figures) Accurate and correct citations and references LATeX, BibTeX Deliverables LATeX source file BibTeX file Compiled PDF-output As many referred text documents as possible Electronically if possible On paper if necessary 9
1. The Mobile Internet IP Tunneling Mobile Ad-hoc Networks Handhelds, PDA UMTS, WAP 10
2. P2P-Networks 1st generation Napster, Kazaa, Gnutella Modern P2P-Networks CAN, CHORD, Tapestry, Visit the lecture Algorithmen für Peer-to-Peer-Netzwerke But do not copy (all) 11
3. Web Caching Relieving hot spots in the Internet Akamai Distributed Hash Tables Take a look into the script Algorithmische Grundlagen des Internets, Summer 2003 12
4. Web Search Engines Commercial systems Google, Alltheweb, Altavista, etc look at websearchengineshowdown.com Algorithmic solutions PageRank by Brin and Page (Google) Kleinberg s HITS-algorithm Take a look into the script Algorithmische Grundlagen des Internets, Summer 2003 and 2004 Contact Peter Mahlmann! 13
5. The Structure of the Web The WWW is made by individuals Yet the structure can be described by Pareto-distribution number of links, size of connected components The graph structure of the WWW Take a look into the script Algorithmische Grundlagen des Internets, Summer 2002 Link to Web search machines 14
6. Security mechanisms of the Internet Are there any? Is it all trust-based? Start your investigations for the search of the missing crypto-layer of TCP/IP at the secure shell protocol 15
7. Denial of Service Attacks A new problem from the 90s Solutions Ingress filtering Link testing Logging ICMP Trace back Marking (!!!) Take a look into the script Algorithmische Grundlagen des Internets, Summer 2003 16
8. Worms, Viruses, and SPAM Definition How they spread How they work The perfect Antivirus-Software An Immune-System for Computers 17
9. Epidemic Algorithms Demers et al. Epidemic algorithms for mirroring data bases Idea: Spread information like a virus Some analyses and new ideas by Karp et al. 2001, Randomized Rumor Spreading Take a look into the script Algorithmische Grundlagen des Internets, Summer 2002 18
10. The Domain Name System What is it? How does it work? Why is it so stable? Alternatives? 19
11. Bandwidth Allocation of TCP Very classical problem of TCP/IP Strangely enough network congestion in the Internet is healed in the transport layer and not in the network layer Start with the scripts Algorithmische Grundlagen des Internets, Summer 2002 and 2003 Random early deletion (RED) New TCP-allocation for Tera-Baud-connections 20
12. Routing Algorithms of IP Start with the standard algorithms There are lots of theoretical work of routing algorithms Concentrate on such algorithms related to IP 21
13. Broadcasting and Multicasting in IP IPv4 and IPv6 foresee multicasting How does it work? How can it be improved? Is it possible to have TV on IP? 22
14. The self-organization of the Internet Official organizations of the Internet (IETF, ) The Internet and its self-regulation socially and technology based 23
15. Wild Card Did we miss something? Take a hot topic of your choice within this area. If everything fails, I ll help. 24
HEINZ NIXDORF INSTITUT Thanks and let s go! Verteilte Algorithmen in Netzwerken 25