Reference management (Harvard style one interpretation) Purpose: Show your readers where you have found your material. Reference lists are usually found on the last pages in books and articles. There are several styles and versions. Consistency and clarity are the basic virtues whichever style you use! Compiled by Krister Johannesson. Updated 14.05.21
Citations in the text Refer to works by stating the author's last name and year of publication (e.g. Foster, 2005). If you quote a work, use quotation marks: Thorlund Jepsen, Seiden, Ingwersen, Björneborn and Borlund (2004) remind us that the location and the content of Web publications are easily changed (p. 1240).
Book references Davies, Studer and Warren (2006) and Friberg (2012) have edited books (anthologies). Dawson (2005) and Zobel (2004) have written books. Davies et al. (2006) are more than two authors/editors.... (Davies, Studer & Warren, 2006; Dawson, 2005; Friberg, 2012; Zobel, 2004)... (Davies et al., 2006) Davies, J., Studer, R. & Warren, P. (Eds.) (2006) Semantic web technologies: Trends and research in ontology-based systems. Chichester: Wiley. Dawson, C. W. (2005) Projects in computing and information systems: A student s guide. Harlow: Addison Wesley. Friberg, F. (red.) (2012) Dags för uppsats: Vägledning för litteraturbaserade examensarbeten (2:a upplagan). Lund: Studentlitteratur. Zobel, J. (2004) Writing for computer science (2nd edition). New York: Springer.
Electronic books Burgess (2004)...... (Burgess, 2004) Burgess, M. (2004) Analytical network and system administration electronic resource: Managing human-computer networks. Chichester: Wiley. Available at Internet: Ebrary [Retrieved 12.10.17]. Burgess, M. (2004) Analytical network and system administration: Managing human-computer networks. Chichester: Wiley. Tillgänglig på Internet: Ebrary [Hämtad 12.10.17].
Chapters and articles in edited books Foster (2005)...... (Foster, 2005) Foster, A. (2005) Nonlinear information seeking. In: K. E. Fisher, S. Erdelez & L. McKechnie (Eds.), Theories of information behavior (ASIST Monograph Series, pp. 254-258). Medford, N.J.: Information Today. In a Swedish text ( I, not In ; s., not pp. ): Foster, A. (2005) Nonlinear information seeking. I: K. E. Fisher, S. Erdelez & L. McKechnie (Eds.), Theories of information behavior (ASIST Monograph Series, s. 254-258). Medford, N.J.: Information Today.
Conference papers Jeyakumar and Shanmugavelayutham (2011)...... (Jeyakumar & Shanmugavelayutham, 2011) Jeyakumar, G. & Shanmugavelayutham, C. (2011) Empirical measurements on the convergence nature of differential evolution variants. In: N. Meghanathan, B. K. Kaushik & D. Nagamalai (Eds.), Advances in Computer Science and Information Technology: First International Conference on Computer Science and Information Technology, CCSIT 2011, Bangalore, India, January 2-4, 2011: Proceedings, Part I (Communications in Computer and Information Science 131, pp. 472-480). Berlin: Springer. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-17857-3_46 [in this case, the conference paper has been published in book form - cf chapters and articles in edited books]
Journal article references Thorlund Jepsen, Seiden, Ingwersen, Björneborn and Borlund (2004) have written an article. Thorlund Jepsen et al. are more than two authors.... (Thorlund Jepsen, Seiden, Ingwersen, Björneborn & Borlund, 2004)... (Thorlund Jepsen et al., 2004) Thorlund Jepsen, E., Seiden, P., Ingwersen, P., Björneborn, L. & Borlund, P. (2004) Characteristics of scientific Web publications: Preliminary data gathering and analysis. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 55(14), 1239-1249. doi:10.1002/asi.20079 [, volume(issue [needed at least when page numbering starts again in each issue]), pages. doi [if available]]
Virkus (2003)...... (Virkus, 2003) Electronic journal articles Virkus, S. (2003) Information literacy in Europe: A literature review. Information Research, 8(4). Available at Internet: http://informationr.net/ir/8-4/paper159.html [Retrieved 12.10.17]. Virkus, S. (2003) Information literacy in Europe: A literature review. Information Research, 8(4). Tillgänglig på Internet: http://informationr.net/ir/8-4/paper159.html [Hämtad 12.10.17]. [in this case, there is no digital object identifier (DOI)]
Reports Hersaeus och Svahn (2011)...... (Hersaeus & Svahn, 2011) Hersaeus, E. & Svahn, R. (2011) Att införa IPv6 - internetprotokoll version 6: En praktisk vägledning. PTS-ER, 2011:18. Stockholm: Post- och telestyrelsen. Tillgänglig på Internet: http://www.pts.se/upload/rapporter/internet/2011/att_infora_i nternetprotokollet_ipv6_2011-11-16_.pdf [Hämtad 12.05.21]. [the title of the series has been added after the title of the report]
Theses Rosman and Fag (2013)...... (Rosman & Fag, 2013) Rosman, A. & Fag, A. (2013) Ökat kvarboende genom ett modifierat basutformningsprogram: En fallstudie av basutformningsprogrammet i Jönköpings kommun. Kandidatuppsats, Högskolan i Jönköping, Tekniska Högskolan, JTH, Byggnadsteknik. Tillgänglig på Internet: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-21544 [Hämtad 13.09.13].
Web pages Municipalities with IPv6 (2014)...... (Municipalities with IPv6, 2014) Municipalities with IPv6 (2014) Tillgänglig på Internet: http://www.kommunermedipv6.se/kipv6/ [Hämtad 14.05.21]. [in this case, no author has been identified]
Software Skiljan (2013)...... (Skiljan, 2013) Skiljan, I. (2013) IrfanView (Version 4.36) [Computer software] Wiener Neustadt: Irfan Skiljan. Available at Internet: http://www.irfanview.com/ [Retrieved 13.12.03]. Skiljan, I. (2013) IrfanView (Version 4.36) [Datorprogram] Wiener Neustadt: Irfan Skiljan. Tillgänglig på Internet: http://www.irfanview.com/ [Hämtad 13.12.03].
Movie clips Learn how to use IrfanView and explore its features (2009) [Video file]. Avaliable at Internet: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vsfey4ipdxc [Retrieved 13.12.04]. Learn how to use IrfanView and explore its features (2009) [Videofil]. Tillgänglig på Internet: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vsfey4ipdxc [Hämtad 13.12.04].
Unpublished PowerPoint presentation Fisher, T. (2013) Ethics, management, and human resources [PowerPoint presentation]. Unpublished lecture. Institutionen för kommunikation och information, Högskolan i Skövde. Available at Internet: https://scio.his.se/portal/ [Retrieved 13.12.03]. Fisher, T. (2013) Ethics, management, and human resources [PowerPoint-presentation]. Opublicerad föreläsning. Institutionen för kommunikation och information, Högskolan i Skövde. Tillgänglig på Internet: https://scio.his.se/portal/ [Hämtad 13.12.03].
Personal communication Personal communications are only cited in the text. This includes recollections and personal notes from lectures, where there is no written (e.g. PPT) presentation available to support the citation. In a lecture (T. Fischer, personal communication, November 14, 2013) it is stated that... I en föreläsning (T. Fischer, personlig kontakt, 14 november, 2013) framhålls att...
Examples above are mainly based on Att skriva litteraturreferenser enligt Harvard-systemet by Martin G. Erikson. See also: http://hj.se/bibl/en/search-help/citing-sources/apa-harvard.html (short URL: http://tiny.cc/h1jzkx) See also more information about how to avoid plagiarism: http://bi.lnu.se/refero_eng/1intro.php