Draft Framework and Guidelines for Nigerian Content in Information Technology.

Draft Framework and Guidelines for Nigerian Content in Information Technology.!

Authors National Information Technology Development Agency (NITDA) In collaboration with: Dr. Armstrong Takang Dr. Adeniyi Onamusi Mr. David Agogo Mr. Inye Kemabonta Contributors Information Technology (Industry) Association of Nigeria (ITAN) Computer and Allied Products Dealers Association of Nigeria (CAPDAN) Institute of Software Practitioners of Nigeria (ISPON) Nigeria Internet Registration Association (NIRA) Nigeria Computer Society (NCS) Microsoft Corporation Hitachi Data Systems Oracle Corporation Mrs. Mary Uduma Mrs. Florence Seriki Chief Leo Stan Ekeh Mr. Ibrahim Balogun Mr. Pius Okigbo Mr. Will Anyaegbunam Dr. Emmanuel Ekuwem!

ACRONYMS AND GLOSSARY ATCON Association of Telecom Companies of Nigeria AU African Union BS - Broadband Services BPP Bureau of Public Procurement CMD - Centre for Management Development CNII Critical National Information Infrastructure CNSI Critical National Software Infrastructure CPN Computer Professional (Registration Council) of Nigeria CSO Civil Society Organisation CITO - Chief Information Technology Officer DPA - Data Protection Act ECOWAS Economic Community of West African States EU European Union FCSC Federal Civil Service Commission FGN Federal Government of Nigeria FIRS Federal Inland Revenue Service FJSC Federal Judicial Service Commission FME Federal Ministry of Education FMST Federal Ministry of Science and Technology GIS - Geographical Information System GII - Global Information Infrastructure GSM Global System for Mobile Telecommunication HIS - Health Information System ICT Information and Communications Technology ICT4D Information and Communications Technology for Development IDP International Development Partners IKE Information and Knowledge Economy ISPON Institute of Software Practitioners of Nigeria ITF - Industrial Training Fund IT - Information Technology/Information Communication Technology IAP - Internet Access Provider ISP - Internet Service Provider KS Knowledge Society KPI Key Performance Indicators LEEDS Local Economic Empowerment and Development Strategy LII - Local Information Infrastructure MDA Ministry, Department and Agency MDG Millennium Development Goals NAPEP National Poverty Eradication Programme NASSCOM National Association of Software and Service Companies NASENI National Agency for Science and Engineering Infrastructure NCC - Nigerian Communications Commission NCS Nigerian Computer Society NDE - National Directorate of Employment NDS Nigerian Developed Software NECC - National Electronic Commerce Council NII - National Information Infrastructure NIIB - National Information Infrastructure Backbone NITDA - National Information Technology Development Agency NITDEF - National Information Technology Development Funds NITEL Nigerian Telecommunications Limited NITMA - National IT Merit Awards!

NITC - Nigeria IT Corps NOA National Orientation Agency NOTAP National Office for Technology Acquisition and Promotion NSP National Software Policy NISRID National Institute of Software Research, Innovation and Development NUC National Universities Commission NYSC - National Youth Service Corps ODM Original Design Manufacturer OECD Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development OEM Original Equipment Manufacturer OSGF Office of the Secretary to the Federal Government PC Personal Computer PSF Professional Service Firm R&D Research and Development RID Research Innovation and Development RDBMS Relational Database Management System SEEDS State Economic Empowerment and Development Strategy SDT - Software Development Tools SFP Software Fiscal Policy SI Software Infrastructure SII - State Information Infrastructure SMART - Simple Moral Accountable Responsive Transparent SME - Small and Medium Enterprises SMEDAN Small and Medium Enterprise Development Agency SON Standards Organization of Nigeria TLD Top Level Domain UNECA United Nations Economic Commission for Africa UBE - Universal Basic Education POP- Point of Presence PSF- Professional Service Firm WIPO - World Intellectual Property Organisation!

Authors... 1 Contributors... 1 Foreword (Honourable Minister, Federal Ministry of Communications Technology)... 6 Foreword (DG, NITDA)... 7 Preface... 8 1.0 Introduction... 9 1.1 Background... 9 1.2 Stakeholder Analysis of the IT Sector... 10 1.2.1 Analysis of Supply Side of the IT Sector... 12 1.2.2 Analysis of Demand Side of the IT Sector... 16 1.2.3 Analysis of Regulatory bodies in the IT Sector... 19 1.3 Growth Potential of the Local Technology Industry... 19 1.4 Need for a Local Content Policy and National IT Guidelines.. 22 1.4.1 Benefits... 23 1.4.2 Risks... 23 1.4.3 Balanced Perspective... 24 1.5 Multinational Companies as enablers and partners... 24 1.6 Role of Government and Regulatory Bodies... 25 2.0 The Content Policy Proposition... 27 2.1 Policy Vision... 27 2.2 Policy Objectives... 27 2.3 Strategic Policy Goals:... 28 2.4 Policy Framework... 29 3.0 Local Content Policy and Guidelines... 33 3.1 Policy on Development of the Information Technology Industry 33 3.1.1 Policy Statement... 33 3.1.2 Policy Objectives... 33 3.1.3 Policy Directives & Strategies: Hardware... 33 3.1.4 Policy Directives & Strategies: Software... 35 3.1.5 Policy Directives & Strategies: Telecommunications, Network & Internet Services... 36 3.1.6 Policy Directives & Strategies: Data & Information Management 37 3.1.7 Policy Directives & Strategies: Professional Services... 38 3.2 Policy on Intellectual Property Regulation and Protection... 38 3.2.1 Policy Statement... 38 3.2.2 Policy Objectives... 38 3.2.3 Policy Strategies & Directives... 39 3.3 Policy on Indigenous Innovation... 40 3.3.1 Policy Statement... 40 3.3.2 Policy Objectives... 40 3.3.3 Policy Strategies & Directives... 41 3.4 Guidelines for Local Content Development in IT... 43 3.4.1 Overview... 43!

3.4.2 Indigenous Firm Recognition... 43 3.4.2 IT Capacity Development... 45 3.4.3 Funding and Capital Sourcing... 46 3.4.4 Product Development... 47 3.4.5 Demand Generation... 48 3.4.6 Support and Maintenance... 49 3.4.7 Fiscal and Regulatory Support... 50 4.0 Policy Performance Measurement... 51 4.1 Guidelines for Monitoring and Evaluation of the Policy... 51 4.2 Metrics for Measuring this Policy... 51 4.3 Recommendations for Policy Review... 56 Appendix 1: Government & Civil Service Guidelines... 57 e-government... 57 e-education... 57 e-health... 58 Guidelines for IT Project Implementation in e-government, e- Education and e-health... 58 Project Management Guidelines... 60 Project Implementation Guidelines... 61 Project Sustainability Guidelines... 62 Bibliography... 64!

Foreword (Honourable Minister, Federal Ministry of Communications Technology)!

Foreword (DG, NITDA)!

Preface This policy document was created through an integrative process that took into consideration a wide range of stakeholders, global best practices as well as current realities in the Nigerian IT sector. The strategies and policies contained in this volume represent a new direction with potential to create sustainable progress and success for all stakeholders in the Nigerian IT sector. The following methodology was used to develop this policy document. Phase Desk Research Stakeholder Engagement Compilation of Draft Report Tools/Techniques Literature review and analysis of similar policies in other sectors & countries. Structured interviews, questionnaires, workshops, and online contribution. Analysis of data and writing of draft report Stakeholder Validation of Draft Report Final Report Executive/Ministerial Approval Feedback on draft policies and guidelines obtained through workshops, consultation sessions and roadshows Incorporation of feedback and amendments made to final copy of the report Approval is granted to the report and implementation commences!

1.0 Introduction 1.1 Background Digital technologies have been the most transformative force in the world over the latter half of the 20 th century. No aspect of modern life or sector of business has been left untouched by its transformative power which has led to the destruction of entire industries as well as the creation of new jobs and lines of business. Digital technologies have fanned the flames of globalization and transformed the world into a microcosm, as time and distance have become easily dealt with by the click of a button. As these changes continue to happen, forward thinking governments realise the need to evolve policies and guidelines to serve as a foundation for managing the effects of technology in people, businesses and society. In Nigeria, the past decade has been a time of unprecedented growth in the use and adoption of various digital technologies for communication and computing. The explosion of mobile telecommunications technology in Nigeria has seen an increase in tele-density from 0.73% in 2001 to about 70% in ten years, with a total of 109 million active mobile phone subscriptions across the country as at October 2012. The growth in the number of homes with computers and Internet access, while still extremely low, has almost doubled between 2003 and 2010 and the number of personal computers (PCs) shipped into Nigeria has quadrupled. These changes have occurred at the same time that businesses and government have turned to various forms of technology to aid in carrying out operations and improving service delivery, permanently changing the economic landscape as result. While the country appears to be in step with technological advancements and global innovation and there are exceedingly high levels of ICT consumerism, the Nigerian IT landscape is plagued by a paradoxical economic deficit and a negative balance of trade as the economic value generated locally with the imported technologies used by Nigerians is far below optimal. This is evidenced by the!

nonexistence of technology exports and very low level of patronage of locally produced ICT products including hardware and software. Nevertheless, stakeholders in the sector have worked hard on several fronts to grow the ICT sector and keep more Nigerians in step with the rapid developments in the world of ICT. The presence of major multinational hardware and software companies in Nigeria and the entry of technology service companies into the Nigerian market are growing. And there has been reasonable participation of an increasing number of local companies in various aspects of ICT including OEM manufacturing, internet services provision, backhaul networking provision, submarine and terrestrial communications cabling and so on. In spite of all of these achievements, there is the belief that the participation and contribution of predominantly local companies and Nigerian professionals in the value chain for the provision of most ICT services is not significant. This has led to several efforts to stimulate the ability of local companies to innovate and participate more effectively. These efforts have included attempts at providing venture capital; the establishment of business incubators across the country and scholarship schemes for students in ICT related fields. Most of these initiatives are being driven by various MDAs, organizations and groups that see the need of investing in enabling local companies and Nigerian professionals to play more active and value-adding roles in the sector. It is with this background in mind that NITDA aims to put forth this policy document for the sector. 1.2 Stakeholder Analysis of the IT Sector The stakeholder analysis of the sector is carried out using the Supply-Enabling Environment-Demand(SEED) model in order to support full understanding of different contributors and participants in the Nigerian IT sector. This allows us to identify and determine the impact of different groups within the sector and to provide a broad overview of what can be done to strengthen growth in the industry

Supply (Content Producers): refer to individuals, organizations or ministries, departments and agencies of government responsible for providing, producing or manufacturing IT products and services as well as modifying and maintaining existing products to deliver value to consumers. The supply side can also be called the IT sector, and it has as primary categories hardware providers, software providers, network and telecommunication service providers and professional services providers. Enabling Environment (Regulators): refer to groups, organizations or ministries, departments and agencies of government that carry out the task of monitoring, managing and controlling the interaction between content creators and content consumers. The task of regulating the IT industry is increasingly more sophisticated due to the pace of change in the sector. To achieve a more cohesive regulatory regime and a progressive policy approach the different agencies responsible for different areas impacted by IT can no longer afford to operate in silos, rather must collaborate effectively. Demand (Content Consumers): refer to individuals, organizations or ministries, departments and agencies of government that are end users of products and services being served through a particular digital technology or platform. The demand side of any industry forms the basis for growth and innovation as consumers demand and pay for goods!!

and services. The demand side of the IT industry includes the retail consumer market, the enterprise market and the public sector/government consumer. 1.2.1 Analysis of Supply Side of the IT Sector The following sections describe the supply side in more detail and provide information about the major organizations and stakeholders active in each area. Hardware Providers: refers to companies involved in the conceptualization, design, production, manufacture, distribution and sales of the physical elements of a computer system. There are currently five Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) in Nigeria namely, Zinox Technologies, Omatek Computers, Beta Computers, Brian Integrated Systems and Veda Technology. However, HP and Dell accounted for almost 60% of the 743,000 computer units sold in Nigeria in 2012. There have been several initiatives on the demand side to stimulate the acquisition of hardware among Nigerian consumers. The Computer for All Nigerians (CANi) program was created to increase IT penetration and improve patronage of local OEMs specifically for this purpose. Since then, there have been several assisted purchase programs instituted by various arms of government and public sector institutions across the country that allow Nigerians to purchase computer hardware and network subscriptions at discounted rates and using flexible repayment plans. Also, there have been concerted efforts to increase government patronage of local OEMs, including the passing of circulars to the effect. Some local organizations actively working for the growth of this sector include ITAN, CAPDAN and NCS. Multinationals active in this segment of the industry include HP, Dell, Samsung and Acer which collectively have over 70% of the market share for computer hardware. A large amount of sales is done through local partners who retail computers across the country in technology markets across the country. Available figures for hardware sales in the market tend not to include the thriving market for used computers which still flock into the country despite regulations on the control

of hazardous waste and their disposal, such as the Basel Convention, being enforced by the Standards Organisation of Nigeria (SON). Software Providers: refers to companies involved in the conceptualization, design, development, release, sale and support of the logic which enables the processing of data. The NCS estimates current local capacity for software design and development, web content and portal services and graphic and multimedia development to be below 35,000 companies. A large number of these companies are represented under the umbrella of ISPON. Some leading Nigerian software companies include Allied Soft, Progenics, AC&S, Computer Warehouse Group, SystemSpecs, Infographics, Socket Works and Chams Plc. Many of these companies make a huge portion of their revenues from reselling and servicing multinational software brands. In general, across the software landscape in Nigeria very few companies have the capacity for any large scale software development projects or specialist software for critical sectors such as banking, petroleum industry, etc. Some commonly cited reasons for this inability of Nigerian software companies to take on projects with long development cycles include the poor scalability of solutions due generally non standardized processes and practices across many sectors, the absence of capital to support long term development needed, widespread deficiency of qualified personnel leading to high costs of hiring seasoned developers as well as very high attrition rates as qualified developers tend to hop from job to job or leave to start their own companies. This entrepreneurial bent does not always serve the industry well as many software companies in Nigeria are actually one man businesses that focus on small projects for quick returns leading to aggressive competition and high levels of commoditization of certain basic skills. Further, the focus on short term gains and the mad dash for self-controlled businesses among emergent developers is linked to substandard work, dissatisfied clients and the preponderance of untested software with grand performance claims but hardly able to deliver as promised. This general absence of standards that is essential to the growth of a sophisticated software industry cannot be

better illustrated than through the substandard quality and escalating rate of defacement of government websites over the past three years. In summary, these and many other conditions have led to a situation where Nigerian software companies can rarely compete in regional or global software markets. The current condition in the Nigerian software market makes for a sweeping opportunity for many multinational software companies with established brands and tested products that have been actively developed in other nations industries which lack many of the constraints prevalent in Nigeria (such as India, Brazil, etc). NOTAP reports that imports of software may be costing Nigeria up to 1 billion dollars annually. Recently, many global software companies have participated more actively in grooming the local industry as part of their desire to grow the local ecosystem and cultivate loyalty to their respective platforms. Some multinational software companies with local presence include Oracle, SAP, Microsoft and Google. The Federal Government of Nigeria has long maintained partnerships with Microsoft Corporation for the licensing of its software to government institutions as well as for other collaborative efforts to grow the local ICT sector. Network and Telecommunication providers: refers to companies involved in the establishment, maintenance and administration of technologies and equipment that enable interconnection between multiple devices and systems. This market is characterised by high convergence between internet service providers and mobile service providers. Nigeria has seen an explosion in the use of mobile and internet services over the past decade, a situation that led to the arrival of additional submarine cables in Nigeria by 2010 and has subsequently improved the amount of bandwidth available to over 45 million Nigerians (currently 26.5% penetration as at 2012). However, there is still a lot to be done as the country still registers extremely high tariff per month of

690 dollars for 100 kilobits a second connection and an extremely low distribution of fixed high speed broadband internet at 0.3 subscribers per 100 people. These conditions have led to a high degree of dependence on mobile phones for internet connectivity, a trend across most of Africa where the majority of people connecting to the internet are doing so via mobile phones. Nigeria is the second largest mobile market in Africa is growing at a fast rate. 25% of internet traffic from Nigeria is from mobile phones, and 90% of 18 to 27 year old Nigerians access the internet primarily from their mobile phones rather than from computers. Some stakeholders in this area include ALTON, NIRA and the Nigeria Internet Group. The area of telecommunications has seen a much faster growth and development as well as a fair amount of local content participation across board. It is estimated that the telecommunications sector has created over 5,000 direct jobs and 500,000 indirect jobs over the past decade. In addition, there have been efforts to establish telecoms engineering centres of excellence to increase the supply of highly skilled local talent to support the fast growing sector. Multinational companies play a key role in the value chain of the networking and telecommunication industry with all telecommunication and network equipment manufacturers and all but one telecommunication service providers being multinational companies. The NCC works actively to regulate the activities of the telecommunication aspect of the sector, however, with the growing convergence of these technologies there is still a lot to be done in the coming years to grow the capability of the sector and its contribution to national development targets.. Professional Services Providers: refer to companies involved in sales, consultancy, systems implementation and integration, support and maintenance of IT infrastructure. The past decade has seen a growth in the number of boutique companies owned and controlled by Nigerian

professionals created to meet the demand for professional services relevant to different sectors of the economy. Nevertheless, this area of the economy is still heavily dependent on foreign expertise and multinationals. This is not surprising given rapidly evolving trends in the software, hardware, networking and telecommunications industries, which ultimately drive the need for professional services across the economy. In the case of foreign companies that have presence in Nigeria, local staff are mainly engaged to aid market entry and to drive local sales while other crucial activities in the value chain take place outside the country. While there is a general recognition of the need to improve the number of highly trained and capable Nigerian professionals in this space, the sales focus of many multinationals does not do a lot to grow or strengthen local capacity. Similarly in the area of business to business transactions, much more can be done to improve the capacity of Nigerian companies to serve the needs of long established multinationals in various sectors, part of the imperative behind the Nigerian Oil and Gas Development Law 2010. Another critical local skills gap is the absence of qualified systems integrators. This often leads to large wastes and failed technology projects due to the inability of companies to effectively integrate disparate technologies to meet unique local needs and is partly responsible for the tendency of consumers to continuously procure new technology rather than optimize and build on existing systems. 1.2.2 Analysis of Demand Side of the IT Sector The following sections describe the demand side of the IT sector in more detail and provide information about the major categories of buyers active in the Nigerian IT market. Retail consumer market: refers to the retail of IT and digital products and services for personal use. Some of these products include

personal computers, handhelds, mobile phones and related accessories as well as a wide array of software and services that run on them. Globally, this is a fast growing segment of the IT sector due to the availability of low cost IT devices and more affordable Internet. In Nigeria, recently considered one of the more optimistic markets in Africa with respect to buyer sentiment, there is immense potential for the growth of this market segment. Given the large population and drawing a corollary from the high demand for mobile devices and smartphones, as the economy improves Nigeria may well be on the cusp of an explosion in demand for IT products. The Nigerian market is also heavily biased towards consumption of IT, with over a third of the population being youths, most of whom are eagerly welcoming of western influenced media, entertainment and technology. Analysts report that almost half of Nigerians above the age of 15 own mobile phones with about 22% of mobile phones possessing Internet access capabilities. Globally it is envisaged that in 2013 more smartphones will be sold than feature phones. Although this is not yet the case in Nigeria, as economic conditions improve there is a clear trend towards the adoption of smartphones. At the same time, the National Bureau of Statistics reports that only 5% of Nigerians have access to computers, including publicly accessible cybercafés. This hints at the need to ramp up ownership of personal computers across the country as well as the creation of incentives that will drive Nigerians, especially youth, to do more than simply consume content using these devices. Enterprise market: refers to organisations and businesses that require IT to support core strategic and operational activities. Globally, this is the largest category of consumers as many sectors and industries, such as banking and professional services, are heavily ITdependent. Consumers within this space in Nigeria comprise small and medium scale businesses (SMBs) as well as large corporations and multinational companies. And small, medium and large-scale vendors of professional IT support services constitute the supply side of this

market. The main difference between this market and the retail consumer market is in the economic value generated from services procured from vendors. Businesses rely heavily on information and communication technologies to drive day-to-day operations, save time and costs whilst improving productivity, communication and collaboration. User demand and revenues generated within this space has not yet been accurately measured, however if the growth in SMEs, consumer packaged products, the retail banking industry and even Nollywood and the entertainment industry can be used as a proxy indicator, it can be extrapolated that there is a significant amount of untapped potential in this market segment. Public sector/government consumer: refers to MDAs and government purchasers of various IT products and services. Globally, the public sector is the third largest spender on IT, behind the enterprise sector. In Nigeria, government is the single largest spender on IT. Forrester Research reports that IT related purchases in the public sector constitutes 23% of the total IT market, which comes to about $320 million. Of this amount, hardware is 55% of the amount, services is 22% and software constitutes the balance of 23%. Analysts further report that expenditures on education and defense make up over half of the total public sector IT expenditure in Nigeria. Global growth areas such as healthcare and transportation constitute a mere 3% and 4% of public sector spending, suggesting room for tremendous growth as other macroeconomic indicators stabilize in the Nigerian polity over the next few years.

1.2.3 Analysis of Regulatory bodies in the IT Sector The following sections describe the regulatory bodies active in IT sector in more detail. Ministry of Communication Technology Created in 2011, the Ministry of Communication Technology is mandated to foster a knowledge based economy and information society in Nigeria. The Ministry was created to facilitate ICT as a key tool in the transformation agenda for Nigeria in the areas of job creation, economic growth and transparency of governance. The Ministry has five agencies namely: National Communication Commission, National Information Technology Development Agency, Nigerian Postal Service, Nigerian Communications Satellite Company and Galaxy Backbone Services. National Information Technology Development Agency NITDA was established by the provisions of the National information Technology Development Agency Act (NITDA Act) of 2007 to regulate, monitor, evaluate, and verify the progress of the development of the Information Technology industry in Nigeria. NITDA is central to the creation and promotion of this policy document. 1.3 Growth Potential of the Local Technology Industry On a global basis, it is forecasted that IT purchases will total $2,090 billion in 2013, up by 3.3% from $2,023 billion in 2012. Software at $542 billion (26% of the total) remains the largest category of global IT purchases. Computer equipment at $416 billion (20%) is the second largest category. Professional services will be the third largest at $404 billion (19%), with systems integration project work having more than two-thirds of this market and strategy and other consulting services a bit less than one-third. IT outsourcing, including computer hardware support services, will be

$399 billion (19%). Communications equipment at $328 billion (16%) will be the smallest sector of IT spending (Forrester Research). In Nigeria, the IT industry is currently estimated to be a $1.3 billion industry at current levels of technology penetration and usage, with significant potential for further growth and expansion. Hardware: In 2012, about 750,000 personal computing units were sold in Nigeria with only 10% sold by Nigerian OEMs. A significant proportion of OEMs value chains exist outside the country, further reducing the local impact of this economic activity. It can be projected that there is a Total Available Market (TAM) in Nigeria of over 3 million computer units to be harnessed over the next 4 years, valued at about 400 billion naira. Of this market, it is estimated that a third will be captured by general consumers, another third by school based programs for teachers and students and the balance made up of assisted PC purchase programs and other forms of corporate procurement. In addition, the hardware support market in Nigeria currently has an estimated 80 billion naira potential, given global performance in this sector. However, the infrastructural challenges peculiar to the Nigerian context pose challenges to this vital sub-sector as organisations are unable to deliver industry accepted service standards and most crucial functions such as back up and disaster recovery systems are outsourced to other countries. As the reforms in the power industry gain traction, it is important that the interest be cultivated for companies to move more hardware support services incountry. Software:

Currently, Nigeria is largely dependent on foreign developed software in most sectors as there is a massive mismatch in local needs and capacity. NOTAP records that technology transfer agreements for the importation of foreign software solutions and licenses, a fraction of actual software purchases, has cost N25 billion in the past decade. The software industry in Nigeria (internally alone) has a potential worth as at 2013 of up to 110 billion naira annually. However, few Nigerian software offerings are capable of competing in this market and the high cost of foreign developed software, the absence of adequate customisation to local realities and lax regulation on intellectual property has left this market wide open to software pirates, earning the nation a bad reputation globally. In addition, local software companies are unable to effectively compete in the global software industry, one of the most geographically dispersed sectors that there is. The government has carried out several efforts to change this by creating the National Software Development Initiative, National Software Development Taskforce and the National IT Policy as well as the establishment of a venture capital fund for software development. Network Services & Internet Access: While Nigeria currently has the most people on the Internet in Africa, an estimated 40% of the total Internet traffic on the continent, the situation is far from favourable to further penetration and supporting innovation. Nigerians spend most of their disposable income on broadband connection. Currently, the costs of internet and mobile services remain extremely high, with the ITU reporting that fixedbroadband costs as a percentage of Gross National Income per capita sits at 60.7% (in 2011), twice that of Ghana, 12 times that of mainland China, India and South Africa, 120 times that of the USA and 300 times that of Macao, China. This current condition is despite significant improvements that have occurred in the sector, including consolidation among ISPs, entrants of fixed-wireless and mobile

network operators into Internet service provision. The arrival of a second international submarine fibre-optic cable (Glo-1) in 2009 and a third one (Main One) in 2010 reduced the cost of international bandwidth by 90%, but barely had an impact on the cost burden felt by the Nigerian customer when consumer prices for broadband in developing countries have continued fall at an average of 30% annually for the past five years. There are however concerted efforts in this space by the NCC and its arms, such as the USPF, notable of which include Wire Nigeria (WIN), State Accelerated Broadband Initiative (SABI), Backbone Infrastructure Project (BTRAIN) Pilot Project to deploy 500km of fibre in the country, the Rural Broadband Initiative (RUBI) as well as the planned opening up of the 2.5GHz frequency band for internet service distribution. 1.4 Need for a Local Content Policy and National IT Guidelines With the growing pressure of globalization, every government as well as captains of industry are charged with the burden of finding ways to ensure that their regions stay competitive and are capable of fulfilling local demand. Not only that, but given the wide availability of information technology being created to serve markets world over, it is imperative that the right frameworks be created to enhance the ability of indigenous companies to maximally explore and exploit local opportunities, as well as remain competitive globally. Local content aims to achieve the development of local skills, technology transfer, use of local manpower and local manufacturing. It is defined as the amount of incremental value added or created in Nigeria through the utilisation of Nigerian human and material resources for the provision of goods and services in the ICT industry within acceptable quality and standards in order to stimulate the development of indigenous capabilities. While an indigenous company refers to any company with reasonable presence of company representatives (other than sales) within Nigeria,!!

a local (Nigerian) company is one formed and registered in Nigeria under the Companies and Allied Matters Act 1990 with not less than 51% equity shares owned by Nigerians. An indigenous firm or a foreign firm can be regarded as a local company if the shareholding representation of the entity is predominantly Nigerian. 1.4.1 Benefits Increased support for indigenous IT companies Increased amount of funds made available for investment in the ICT sector Demonstration of short to medium term revenue streams for local companies that will encourage them to expand their operations, and its attendant positive impact on the economy Increased support for research and development of local companies and improving their willingness to take business risks Curtailment and containment of current trends of massive capital flight in IT industry 1.4.2 Risks The creation of a local IT content policy as well as a set of national guidelines: May be falsely construed as the government attempting to toy with the free market and make it difficult for non-indigenous companies to compete Could be interpreted as a condition that will make the Nigerian market unwelcoming to foreign companies in the short term May lead to the creation of oligopolistic market place for IT which will lead to higher cost for consumers and other ill economic effects in the long run May encourage risky behavior among indigenous companies that may negatively impact the industry in the long run Could lead to dissatisfaction of customers if local companies are unable to deliver adequate choice and high quality services at reasonable cost

1.4.3 Balanced Perspective The government has a primary responsibility to her citizens as they look up to her for jobs and a means of sustenance. In fact, the hard work of Nigerian entrepreneurs, trained professionals and other stakeholders has to be supported and built upon as a priority. Such efforts as this are key to national progress and long term stability of the country. Some form of intervention is always needed by the government to create a fertile ground for commerce to thrive. In this case, this policy is targeted at growing the IT sector to a place of prominence and major contribution to the Nigerian economy. We believe that this can be done without harming the competitiveness of local companies or making the country unwelcoming to foreign investors and multinational companies. To this effect, this policy contains provisions not much different from those in similar policy documents that have been adopted by many other countries across the world studied in its preparation. 1.5 Multinational Companies as enablers and partners Rather than being a threat to the existence of multinational companies, part of the targets of this policy document is to establish the kind of competitive environment that will help foreign companies meaningfully active in the Nigerian market to unlock hidden potential and improve their capacity to innovate. To transform this sector, there is crucial role that multinational companies need to play. Some key reasons why the intentions of this policy cannot be achieved without widespread participation across board and across national boundaries are as follows: 1. Many multinationals own critical intellectual property rights and remain the driving force behind the world s most important technology innovations

2. Many multinationals will be critical in transferring knowledge and technology that can engender the growth and maturity of the local IT industry 3. Many multinationals hold the key to opening up indigenous companies to foreign markets for export, business outsourcing and other potential growth areas for the local IT industry In short, efforts to grow the IT sector that alienate multinational companies and overly obstruct the free market may fail or worse, result in unforeseen circumstances and blowback in the ICT sector or even unrelated sectors of the Nigerian economy. The onus lies on NITDA to craft a role for these organizations to play, as well as for these multinationals to proactively seek out ways to add greater value to the Nigerian marketplace and its participants. Some ways that this may be possible include: 1. Multinational companies showing greater commitment to their place and potential in the Nigerian market by investing more aggressively 2. Multinational companies registering Nigerian branches of their companies with majority Nigerian shareholding to achieve greater integration and participation in the local market as well as enjoy privileges that accrue from an indigenous status 3. Multinational companies partnering with government and other organizations to facilitate technology transfer to Nigerians in order to be part of the next wave of growth that is on the horizon for the Nigerian IT market 1.6 Role of Government and Regulatory Bodies In order to achieve the objectives set out in this policy document, some key actions have to be taken by government and regulatory bodies in this sector. They are as follows: 1. Develop and support programs that will spur the growth and development of a highly indigenous IT industry

2. Provide funding for initiatives in this sector 3. Create support for innovation and new business creation by providing incentives to Nigerian entrepreneurs 4. Establish platforms that promote the local IT industry and its participants on an international stage 5. Work to strengthen existing legislations that govern the IT industry in Nigeria 6. Support local companies towards the production of high quality and genuine IT products and services that are suitable for the Nigerian market 7. Champion efforts that protect the rights of the Nigerian consumer of IT 8. Support the expansion of existing IT products and services into native Nigerian languages 9. Support the full inclusion of all underserved populations displaced by deficient infrastructure and environments through the establishment of reasonable accommodations 10. Provide leadership and a harmonised vision and policy to be shared by government organizations like National Copyright Commission, Copyright Reform Expert Working Group; National Office for Technology Promotion and Acquisition, etc with the support of non-governmental and civil organizations like Intellectual Property Institute, Nigerian Chapter of the World Intellectual Property Organization, Copyright Society of Nigeria, etc. 11. Work to spread education and promote the ideals of this policy document

2.0 The Content Policy Proposition 2.1 Policy Vision The vision of this policy document as follows: Increase the amount of Nigerian content in Information Technology products and services that target Nigerian customers and stimulate the growth and development of a local IT industry capable of delivering high quality and innovative products and services that possess regional and global appeal 2.2 Policy Objectives The objectives of the IT local content policy include: 1 Enable the local IT industry to contribute meaningfully towards the achievement of national development targets 2 Stimulate and increase the production, sales and consumption of high quality, original and genuine information technology products and services developed by indigenous companies that serve the unique needs of the local and global market 3 Support indigenous information technology companies and provide them opportunities that will improve their ability to provide relevant products and services that amply satisfy the Nigerian consumer. 4 Support efforts to build capacity and equip Nigerians to serve as active workers and participants in the local IT industry 5 Promote the adoption of relevant regulation and legislation on the creation, distribution and use of Information Technology within Nigeria 6 Promote and encourage an environment within Nigeria that is welcoming to foreign investments in Information and

Communications Technology, as well as the export of indigenously made IT goods and services 2.3 Strategic Policy Goals: Goal 1: Achieve a thriving ICT industry that contributes significantly to national development goals Goal 2: Lay the foundations for a local ICT industry that can grow sustainably and compete globally Goal 3: Support and ensure technology transfer, indigenous participation and the survival of indigenous companies in the ICT sector Goal 4: Provide relevant guidelines for the adoption of technology use in critical sectors of the Nigerian economy

2.4 Policy Framework The framework of this policy document takes into consideration the vision, objectives and strategic goals as well as the role of NITDA. It is also tied directly into several performance measures that will form the basis for tracking the progress and impact of the policy in order to enable frequent stock taking and re-evaluation of strategies and directives an approach that is critical for policy in such a fast paced and changing industry. There are three core focus areas of this policy: driving indigenous innovation, developing the local IT industry and establishing Intellectual Property regulation and protection standards, each of which has a set of related strategic goals. These strategic goals form the basis of specific guidelines that include recommendations for the restructuring of the industry and actions required by NITDA and other government MDAs. They also create potential opportunities that local companies are expected to take advantage of. Further, this document provides a set of appropriate performance measures linked to the achievement of the strategic goals.

Figure 2.1: Policy Performance Measures

Policy Strategic Goal Performance Measures Policy Indigenous Innovation on Achieve a thriving ICT industry capable of contributing to national development goals Real economic value contributed by the industry to the Nation s GDP Number and quality of jobs created within the industry Innovation & Inventiveness of Nigerians and Nigerian companies Policy on development of the IT industry Policy on IP regulation and protection Lay the foundations for thriving ICT industry that can compete globally Support technology transfer, indigenous participation and the survival of local players in the sector Quality standards among local ICT companies Self-sufficiency in the value chains of Indigenous companies Capacity Building efforts in the industry Amount of funding/support available for Indigenous Companies Amount of Foreign Direct Investments in the industry Number of Innovation Centers/ Centers of Excellence

Number of global partnerships for growth Table 2.1: Policy Strategy and Goals Matrix In addition to the policy set forth, this document will also address the activities of government and the civil service in this sector by providing a set of guidelines on various aspects of IT and technology use to inform the practices of government going forward. Several performance measures have also been identified to track the achievement and adherence to the recommended practices set forward in this document. Guidelines Strategic Goal Performance Measures Government Civil guidelines and Service Provide relevant guidelines to guide technology use in Service delivery E-Government critical sectors Transparency and justice

3.0 Local Content Policy and Guidelines 3.1 Policy on Development of the Information Technology Industry 3.1.1 Policy Statement Government shall deploy political will and national resources to stimulate the development and growth of the local information technology industry and all related sub-sectors in order to grow local capacity, drive sustainable development and ensure national competitiveness. 3.1.2 Policy Objectives 1. Support the growth and development of the local Information Technology Industry 2. Manage and reduce the use of imported and outsourced digital technologies in critical sectors of the economy 3. Provide backing for any efforts to build capacity for research, design, development, manufacturing and production of hardware, software, networking and data technologies that will benefit the local industry 4. Build support for the local information technology industry among government establishments and MDAs at all levels (Federal, State and Local government) 5. Achieve the building of adequate human capacity to support the information technology sector through championing effective technology transfer 3.1.3 Policy Directives & Strategies: Hardware a) All tiers of government to mandatorily source and procure all computer hardware for which there is local capacity for manufacturing, assembling, testing, deployment and maintenance. b) In line with the Nigerian Oil and Gas Industry Content Development Act, 2010, all Oil and Gas companies are required to actively source hardware from only local OEMs. c) OEMs are to recapitalize and maintain a minimum capitalization of Two Billion Naira and develop adequate capacity to meet demands!!

for high quality products that will be generated by the Local Content Policy. d) NITDA will set a clear timeline for the implementation of the minimum capitalization requirement for OEMs. e) NITDA will require OEMs to have and maintain ISO 9001:2008 or any other relevant quality certification in order to qualify for recertification and revalidation. Existing OEMs will forfeit their OEM status two years from the date of the announcement of this requirement if they fail to obtain said certification f) No new OEM will be registered or recognized by NITDA without a quality certification or without the stipulated market capitalization required. g) NITDA will encourage and facilitate mergers, acquisitions, partnerships or other forms of collaboration to strengthen the capacity of local OEMS and other ICT firms. h) The Minister will facilitate the grant of a five-year duty waiver on components procured by local OEMs so as to ensure the competitiveness of local products. i) NITDA will work together with the Ministry and The Honourable Minister to provide incentives for private organizations to patronize and purchase locally assembled or manufactured hardware by providing tax deductions for private organizations that purchase locally assembled products. j) NITDA will institute stiff sanctions and penalties against OEMs who fall short of expected service levels and quality requirements. k) Dispute resolution between OEMs and NITDA will be settled through expedited arbitration. l) NITDA to facilitate and lead Computer Assisted Purchase Programs by providing zero Interest loans to students, teachers and other interest groups that might help stimulate innovation and economic growth.

m) NITDA together with the Ministry to encourage multinational OEMs to register Nigerian entities that will have predominant Nigerian representation in keeping with the local content Act. n) The Minister will facilitate the provision of tax breaks, duty waivers and level playing field for MNCs who plan to set up assembly plants in Nigeria. Special considerations and incentives to be given to any ODM setting up locally. 3.1.4 Policy Directives & Strategies: Software a) NITDA will enforce the provisions set forward in the National Software Policy b) All tiers of government to mandatorily source software for which there is local capacity to design, develop, compile, test, troubleshoot, launch, maintain and improve such software application. c) All tiers of government to source and procure software from only local and indigenous software development companies; where the capacity for developing such software does not exist locally, procurement, installation and support will be provided by a Nigerian company. d) All tiers of government to use locally developed systems for generic functions such as finance, HR, inventory management, etc. A waiver must be obtained from NITDA by any agency requiring an imported application outside of operating system license and basic office productivity tools. e) In accordance with the Nigerian Oil and Gas Industry Content Development Act, 2010; Oil and Gas companies and Service companies are to procure local software for their operations and to make representation to The Nigerian Content Development and Monitoring Board for software which cannot be procured locally. f) NITDA will promote and facilitate the creation of specialized software firms through incubation or funding programs so as to increase local participation in highly sophisticated systems design and development.

g) NITDA will work with industry stakeholders to encourage local software firms to form international partnerships for research and product development. h) NITDA will carry out risk-based due diligence to identify, prevent and mitigate actual and potential adverse impacts that may arise from using software, including risks that arise from technical dependencies on software conceptualized and developed outside Nigeria. i) NITDA will promote awareness of the origin, source and workings of software being used by the government, including adequate access to ascertain the full security of elements of codes. j) For off-the-shelf applications such as advanced engineering software and other sophisticated systems that cannot as yet be developed locally, NITDA will mandate compliance with the Nigerian Oil and Gas Industry Content Development Act, 2010 by ensuring that the implementation of such systems is carried out by duly registered Nigerian companies. k) NITDA will work with technology platform companies such as Intel, Microsoft, Google, Facebook and Apple to help Nigerian companies develop for such platforms and ensure that the country transitions from being a consumer to a producer of technology. l) NITDA will require platform technology companies to submit a Local Content Development Plan for their platforms to be utilized or deployed by government agencies. This will include desktop, server, cloud, social media and mobile platforms companies such as Microsoft, Google, Facebook, Twitter, Apple, etc. 3.1.5 Policy Directives & Strategies: Telecommunications, Network & Internet Services a) All tiers of government will source telecommunications, network and Internet services for which there are local capacity to setup up, maintain, monitor, optimize and access mandatorily from local service providers with capacity to deploy such.

b) All tiers of government and all agencies under them will host their websites and other web services mandatorily on the.gov.ng domain as the only approved domain. c) All tiers of educational institutions will mandatorily host their websites and other web services on the.edu.ng as their primary domain. d) NITDA in partnership with NIRA will promote the.ng TLD and advocate for businesses and private organizations to migrate to the.ng domain. e) NITDA will work in partnership with CBN, Financial Institutions and Payment platform companies such as PayPal, Google Wallet, VISA, MasterCard, Interswitch, Verve, etc. to ensure that Nigerian merchants and consumers are able to transact and receive payments on the internet from anywhere in the world. f) NITDA will promote awareness of the origin, source, paths and workings of telecommunications, network and internet services being used by the government, including adequate access to ascertain the full security of communications being sent through such platforms. 3.1.6 Policy Directives & Strategies: Data & Information Management a) NITDA and other arms of government will support efforts to improve local capacity to setup up, maintain, monitor, optimize and access government data and information as well as meet potential future information management needs b) NITDA will promote awareness of appropriate data formats, database technologies, computer security and other data and information technologies that will be used by the government and the civil service in order to achieve the right degree of security c) NITDA will promote as mandatory the presence of system logs and other computer data logging technologies to aid in the effective troubleshooting and forensic investigation of events in government and civil service systems d) The Heads of each and every government MDA shall be responsible for ensuring that reasonable care is taken to adequately secure the data

and information of government and civil service that is created, transferred and stored in digital formats e) NITDA will ensure that all government data is hosted locally within the country and all government agencies without exemptions will comply with this directive. f) NITDA will promote and support local data hosting firms and set appropriate service level requirements and standards for data service provisioning for such firms. 3.1.7 Policy Directives & Strategies: Professional Services a) All tiers of government will mandatorily source implementation, integration and maintenance services from local professionals/ professional service firms who possess the required technical knowledge and capacity to setup up, maintain, monitor, optimize and access hardware, software, telecommunications, network and internet systems, data and information management systems, etc. b) NITDA will promote awareness of the origin, source, paths and workings of implementation, integration and maintenance services being used by the government, including ascertain the full legitimacy of companies and organizations that will be privy to data and systems owned by the government and the civil service. 3.2 Policy on Intellectual Property Regulation and Protection 3.2.1 Policy Statement To establish an appropriate regulatory regime and work with existing agencies to oversee issues regarding the ownership of IT including the protection of intellectual properties, copyrights and derivative works. 3.2.2 Policy Objectives 1. Promote the enforcement of appropriate intellectual property protection for content creators in order to maintain reasonable incentive to constant innovation and production

2. Promote the recognition of traditional safety valves and other mechanisms that protect the general public and indigenous content creators from overreaching intellectual property and copyright mechanisms 3. Ensure decent limitations on the intervention by government or companies into the private lives of Nigerians, except for lawful and necessary purposes 4. Collaborate with other government agencies to promote the recognition and adherence of applicable regulations within Nigeria on all digital platforms 5. Champion the passage of legislation that promotes the best interest of consumers as well as creators of IT products and services. 3.2.3 Policy Strategies & Directives 1. NITDA to work with the National Copyright Commission towards the implementation of the treaties of the WIPO, as well as drive the local adaptation of specific provisions 2. NITDA to work with the National Copyright Commission, Copyright Reform Expert Working Group; National Office for Technology Promotion and Acquisition, as well as with non-governmental and civil organizations like Intellectual Property Institute, Nigerian Chapter of the World Intellectual Property Organization, Copyright Society of Nigeria, etc. to achieve the harmonization of intellectual property rights so as to provide an incentive for innovators and creators. 3. NITDA to support and effect the rights of authors, including mandating cooperation of hosting companies, internet service providers (ISPs) and other intermediaries to take down materials that infringe copyrights, trademark or other forms of intellectual property 4. NITDA to champion the establishment of legislation that discourages digital piracy, phishing, identity theft and other forms of illegal activity perpetrated on digital platforms.

5. ISPs and other service providers must provide the rights to consumers to delete their personal information, data and other records on any service on which they are subscribed 6. NITDA to establish programs that increase awareness of consumer rights and appropriate expectations from content creators among the general public 3.3 Policy on Indigenous Innovation 3.3.1 Policy Statement Government shall deploy political will and national resources with support of the private sector to prioritize the sourcing of Information Technology products and services first from indigenous providers and then from global providers with significant local presence in order to stimulate growth of the nation s emerging digital economy and provide jobs and encourage entrepreneurship. 3.3.2 Policy Objectives 1. Create an environment highly supportive of innovation by indigenous companies 2. Offer incentives to promote the growth, development and expansion of indigenous creators of IT products and services 3. Build local capacity in Information Technology product and service creation through patronage and paying closer attention to the origin of IT goods and services being procured by government MDAs 4. Demand and support the improvement of quality standards of IT goods and services available locally 5. Support the Nigerian IT industry by contributing to build the perception of quality among local consumers and regional and global markets 6. Leverage locally available IT goods and services to contribute towards the preservation of Nigerian culture and indigenous way of

doing things in order to strengthen the peoples identity as Nigerians 7. Enable adequate contextualization and localization of foreign Information Technologies, systems and platforms being used by Nigerians regularly 8. Support the development of platforms that give improve the visibility of participants in the local IT industry locally and internationally 3.3.3 Policy Strategies & Directives 1. NITDA will work with other arms of government, private organizations and multinational companies to establish technology incubation programs, start-up communities, ICT clusters and other IT development networks to stimulate the growth of the sector 2. NITDA will work with other arms of government to fund and support university based programs to drive innovation and invention in information technology using existing funds set aside for the purpose and by setting up of special intervention funds as may be necessary 3. NITDA will work with other arms of government and the legislature to support the enactment of other related policies to reduce bureaucracies associated with doing business in Nigeria as well as other efforts required to make Nigeria desirable as a location for innovation and growth 4. NITDA will work with other arms of government to provide and support platforms that foster the growth and development of participants in the local IT industry and provide visibility for their products and services 5. NITDA will work with other arms of government, private organizations and multinational companies to specifically support social entrepreneurship start-up companies that are created to address special needs and critical concerns of society 6. NITDA will hold conferences, tradeshows, exhibitions and other platforms that will enable local companies to export locally created

IT products and services across the economic sub-region, the continent and the globe 7. NITDA will collaborate with SON to develop a quality certification for IT goods and services that meet the local content requirements of this this policy

3.4 Guidelines for Local Content Development in IT 3.4.1 Overview The guidelines set below are recommendations addressed by NITDA to all branches of government & all industry participants. Adherence to these guidelines will ensure that the operations of government and all other stakeholders are in harmony with this policy document in order to contribute to the attainment of the objectives set forth. The guidelines set forward provide principles and standards for dealing with IT local content development. They are consistent with this policy as well as applicable laws and best practice. Furthermore, matters covered by the guidelines may become the subject of further legislation, national law and other international commitments. 3.4.2 Indigenous Firm Recognition Companies must fulfil certain criteria to benefit fully from the local content development policy and compliance with these guidelines is essential for on-going recognition by NITDA and other agencies. 1. A Nigerian company is one formed and registered in Nigeria under the Companies and Allied Matters Act 1990 with not less than 51% equity shares owned by Nigerians. 2. NITDA encourages MNCs to register their organizations within Nigeria at the Corporate Affairs Commission and maintain actively operating entities in Nigeria. 3. The operating entities for MNCs are required to be more than sales divisions, management of sales agents and channels. They are to carry out value adding activities in country that contribute to job creation and the empowerment of Nigerians who comprise their market. 4. OEMs certified by NITDA will be required to recertify every four years. Recertification will be based on the following conditions: a. OEM must hold and maintain a minimum market capitalization base of two billion Naira only

b. OEMs must maintain local capacity for the production of multiple form factors desktops, laptops, tablets, and smartphones either directly or through a local ODM. c. OEM must hold and maintain product and possess quality certifications such as ISO 14001, ISO 9001 at local facilities and for scope including design, manufacturing, sales and maintenance of various products being sold in the Nigerian market. d. OEMs will be given a grace period of two years from the effective date of this policy to comply with the recertification criteria herein stated. 5. NITDA will also create an ODM status for computer assembly plants. The criteria for certifying an ODM will be as follows: a. ODMs must hold and maintain a minimum market capitalization base of five billion Naira only b. ODMs must maintain local capacity to assemble and install minimum of one million devices per annum for multiple form factors desktops, laptops, tablets, and smartphones either directly or through a local ODM. c. ODMs must hold and maintain product and possess quality certifications such as ISO 14001, ISO 9001 at local facilities and for scope including design, manufacturing, sales and maintenance of various products being sold in the Nigerian market. 6. Software development companies would be required to hold and maintain CMM or ISO 9001 or any other standard certification that may be required by NITDA for them to qualify for large scale (enterprise) software development bids. 7. Systems Integrators and Software consulting firms will also be required to meet minimum certifications as will be determined by NITDA for them to qualify to bid on large scale e-government deployments.!!

3.4.2 IT Capacity Development The availability of the necessary skill set required for local content value creation is critical to the success of this policy. Educational institutions, entrepreneurs and companies must be empowered to become productive. The guidelines aims at creative means of building skillsets for Nigerians to be active participants in the sector by creating environments that nurtures and aids the adoption of information, knowledge and technology at a fast rate whilst at the same time encouraging investments in the sector: 1. NITDA to encourage specialization in different areas and provide funding for the setup of centres of excellence in select universities and higher institutions. e.g. Software Development Centre of Excellence; Network Infrastructure Centre of Excellence; Web Development Centre of Excellence; Mobile Computing Centre of Excellence; etc 2. NITDA to champion the setup of the University of Information Technology to lead the study of and research in IT. 3. NITDA to set up a special task force on commercialization of university research activities in order to facilitate and encourage entrepreneurship and skills development out of Nigerian universities 4. NITDA to engage NUC and NERDC on extensive curriculum review efforts to equip students with skills that are sought after by the industry 5. NITDA to work with and partner with MNCs to establish research and training institutes for key aspects of the IT sector 6. NITDA to partner with a Nigerian university to establish a Journal of Information Technology in Sub-Saharan Africa and establish 100 million naira annual grant and research fund to sponsor academic research projects being conducted by Nigerian scholars and educational institutions across the world which focus on developing the IT sector in the country. 7. NITDA to work with the Nigerian Immigrations Service and Ministry of Foreign Affairs to facilitate the issuance of visas for

businesses, entrepreneurs and investors wishing to explore opportunities within the country. 8. NITDA to work with the FIRS to prepare a gazette that provides easy to distil knowledge and information about local taxation policies, specifically for prospective investors in the ICT industry 9. NITDA to establish a working group on elearning in partnership with the Open University of Nigeria with the objective of expanding offerings of online classes within Nigeria as well as to take advantage of the wealth of free online education classes available across the globe. 3.4.3 Funding and Capital Sourcing The lack of adequate funding is the most common stumbling block for start-ups in general. In Nigeria, we have not established the culture of funding ideas and concepts and bank loans are prohibitive for technology start-ups. The role of the government and its associated agencies cannot be overemphasized for us to become a start-up friendly nation. We need to consciously craft pro-business and supportive environments conducive to entrepreneurs who want to start technology businesses here. The government will provide multiple initiatives to enable start-ups to gain access to funding: 1. NITDA to properly constitute the administration of the NITDEF with a Director acting as Secretary of the fund to oversee the day-to-day administration of the funds. 2. In accordance with the NITDA act, the board of the NITDEF to be constituted as follows: a. The Minister of Communication Technology as the Chairman of Board b. The Chairman of NITDA as the Vice Chairman of Board c. The DG of NITDA as a Member of Board d. Representative of National Planning Commission as a Member of Board

e. Representative of Ministry of Finance as a Member of Board f. Representative of Nigerian Investment Promotion Commission as a Member of Board g. Four credible and knowledgeable individuals from the Private Sector to be selected as Members of the Board 3. At least 80% of the fund to be focused on Software and Mobile development as well as direct IT Capacity building initiatives. 4. At least 60% of the fund would be channelled towards start-ups and new product developments, this may be in form of seed capital or grant for start-ups or through incubation programs or other forms of government-backed equity schemes. 5. NITDEF to provide fund through a Seed Capital / Cash Grant Program for start-ups to provide funding for the pilot of ideas / concepts in order to enable start up develop prototype products that can subsequently generate investor interest. This will be for amounts not exceeding 5 million naira. The leadership of NITDEF will develop the modality for the administration of the Seed Capital program. 6. NITDEF will lead a Government Backed Equity Financing Scheme to allow established IT businesses and products requiring huge capital investment to scale. The criteria for qualifying firms will be decided by NITDEF before the scheme becomes functional. 7. NITDA will champion and encourage the set-up of Business Incubator Schemes to accelerate the growth of the IT industry. 8. NITDA will partner with financial institutions, venture capital firms, MNCs with venture capital divisions as well Angels investors to create a vibrant Venture Capital ecosystem for the IT sector 9. NITDA will catalyse the capital growth of the industry by stimulating, fostering and encouraging mergers and acquisitions as well as foreign direct investments in the IT sector. 3.4.4 Product Development The process of IT product development for both hardware and software is one that must be focused on to ensure quality, safety and security.

To consistently generate demands for local products, building quality into products and verifying the achieved quality level becomes a necessity: 1. NITDA will work with leading global quality organizations such as ISO, American Society for Quality, Lean Enterprise Institute, etc with the involvement of the Standards Organization of Nigeria (SON) and local industry groups (ITAN, NCS, ISPON etc.) to hold conferences and trainings to assist organizations to improve quality standards 2. NITDA will work towards the creation of a special fund in partnership with leading financial institutions to finance expansion efforts of any existing certified OEM or groups of OEMs who desire to grow their company into ODM status 3. NITDA will work with NOTAP and other stakeholders towards establishing an annual conference for the growth of small and medium scale manufacturing in the Information Technology industry. 3.4.5 Demand Generation The perception of local products is quite weak in the market, more so in the IT sector where our processes are not as yet mature. To generate demand for local products, both government and industry players have a duty to drive awareness and interest in local products. Incentives will also have to be provided to private firms and individuals who buy Nigerian products: 1. Government IT based procurement to have a local content focus. All hardware products such as servers and computers must be purchased locally. 2. NITDA will certify all government based IT procurement for local content compliance before a certificate of no objection is issued by the BPP. 3. NITDA to lead and facilitate product demand generation initiatives such as Assisted PC purchase programs

4. NITDA to reach out and collaborate with similar IT development agencies in neighbouring West African states in order to establish regional Information Technology tradeshows that will provide a platform to grow the local industry 5. NITDA to facilitate and promote the use of digital technologies as well as local development of software solutions for Education by facilitating Computer purchase programs, provide funding for software solutions in education and drive technology adoption initiatives in education. 6. NITDA to facilitate and promote the use of digital technologies as well as local development of software solutions for the Health industry. 7. NITDA will work with the Federal Ministry of Health to design and determine data formats for a National Electronic Health Record System and thereafter, encourage the adoption of EHR across all tiers of health systems in Nigeria. 3.4.6 Support and Maintenance A key aspect of this policy initiative is the need to grow local capacity to support and maintain existing technology at all levels of complexity and involvement. 1. Preference to be given to companies with existing hardware support facilities and functional service stations with impressive customer service metrics measured frequently 2. Government procurement contract support and maintenance to be included as a cost item in BOQ for government deployments. 3. Software development firms will be required by regulation to provide on-going support and continued development and maintenance of software sold or deployed. 4. Technology deployment will be considered as turnkey deployments and not mere supply of components and systems integration capability must be demonstrable for a vendor to qualify for large-scale deployments.

3.4.7 Fiscal and Regulatory Support 1. NITDA to work with NIPC to make IT companies eligible for existing tax relief for Research and Development activities for multinational companies, a fiscal incentive which allows up to 120 per-cent of qualifying expenses on R&D to be tax deductible 2. NITDA to work with NIPC to make IT companies eligible for tax relief for long term R&D on Local raw materials, a fiscal incentive which allows up to 140 per-cent of expenses on patentable research to be tax deductible. Also, minimum local raw material usage quotas and other details necessary for the enactment of the policy in the IT industry should be determined. 3. NITDA to work with NIPC and other bodies to propose additional tax credits specifically for the IT industry, including declaring the software industry and other IT related fields at the cusp of explosion (Artificial Intelligence, Robotics, etc) of pioneer status and align the industry with existing tax codes. 4. NITDA to work with FIRS to ensure effective implementation of these fiscal policies in tax reporting practice to the benefit of multinational companies and local companies in the IT industry within Nigeria.

4.0 Policy Performance Measurement It is recommended that impact of this policy is evaluated regularly to ensure that the objectives laid out are being achieved and to inform further changes in strategy to support the morphing interests of all stakeholders. This policy measurement should be done using qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods in order to carry out analysis of progress being made. This section of the draft policy presents some guidelines for monitoring and evaluating the impact of this policy as well as recommended metrics to be used. 4.1 Guidelines for Monitoring and Evaluation of the Policy The following general guidelines are to be followed when monitoring and evaluating the impact of this policy on the IT industry in Nigeria. Efforts to evaluate the impact of this policy: 1. Should address the question of whether a cause and effect relationship can be established between the recommendations of the policy and both intended/ unintended outcomes 2. Should have clearly defined participants and non-participants (treatment and control group) and a sufficiently large sample size to improve the validity of any inferences made to the IT industry at large 3. Should employ a mixed method approach as much as possible i.e. a combination of both qualitative and quantitative methods. 4. Should leverage and have synergy with existing globally recognizable databases for data sources, such as the World Bank, UNDP, ITU, etc. 4.2 Metrics for Measuring this Policy There are four areas of impact that can be easily identified, in line with the objectives of this policy document and previously identified performance goals. They are as follows: 1. Impact on the Nation s economy 2. Impact on the well-being of society

3. Impact on public sector and governance 4. Impact on the ICT industry and its participants The following table captures metrics for measurement of the impact of this policy, distributed into the four categories of impact. Impact Category Performance Goals Impact on the Contribution to Nation s Economy GDP Metric for measurement Contribution of Information Technology sector to GDP Contribution of IT Hardware and Manufacturing to GDP Contribution of IT Service Industry to GDP Job Creation Number of jobs created in the IT industry Innovation Number of ICT related patents and copyrights issued Evidence of quality collaboration between educational institutions and industry Ranking and recognition of researchers and research institutes within Nigeria Self-Sufficiency Ratio of ICT Goods Exports to ICT Goods Imports Ratio of local ICT investment to Foreign ICT investment Activities in ICT value chains of local firms migrated in-country

Impact on the well-being of Society Network Access Coverage of fixed broadband, internet and network access nationwide (percentage area) Internet users (per 100 people) International Internet bandwidth per capita (bits per person) Secure internet servers (per 1 million people) Affordability Fixed broadband internet access tariff per month IT Literacy and Adoption Fixed-broadband sub-basket as a % of GNI per capita Personal computers (per 100) Cybercrime Number of reported cases of cybercrime Impact on Public Sector and Governance Number of prosecuted cybercriminals Service Delivery Range of services offered by government supported by IT Government IT Capability Maturity Assessment E-Government Number of successful e- Justice & Transparency government initiatives Citizens perception of transparency Freedom of Information Act Compliance rates of government agencies

Impact on ICT Industry and Participants Standards and Quality Measurements of Consumer Perception of quality Total amount of ICT exports Ratio of private market purchase of local ICT goods to public sector market purchase of local ICT goods Local Capacity Total OEM production capacity Total number of individuals with software application design and development capability Total number of individuals with database management capabilities Total number of individuals with information system security management capabilities Total number of individuals with computer networking capability Total number of individuals with web design and web application development capability Total number of individuals with graphic and multimedia design and development capability Total number of companies with systems integration

capabilities Funding/ Support for New and Existing Ventures Foreign Direct Investments Innovation / Centers of Excellence Total number of companies with network and data center management capabilities Total number of companies with ICT training and practice capabilities Total amount of private sector venture capital funding Total amount of public sector venture support funding Utilization Ratio of venture capital funding (Ratio of funding available to funding issued) Estimated capitalization of top 50 indigenous ICT companies Number of foreign ICT companies with local presence Number of foreign ICT companies with appreciable local content (cannot be just marketing and sales) Number of innovation centers, business incubation centers and other centers of excellence Global Number of partnerships with!!

partnerships for growth global ICT advocacy and promotion groups 4.3 Recommendations for Policy Review It is recommended that this policy be reviewed every four years in order to improve it constantly, enable responsiveness to the rapidly changing Information Technology landscape and continuously improve national strategy. The primary purpose of policy review activities include the following: A. Responsiveness to emerging trends in the global ICT industry: given the rapidly changing landscape of this sector, it may be necessary to take into consideration particular trends and occurrences in the global ICT industry that may have significant implications for the achievement of the objectives. B. Responsiveness to changes in local IT industry: as the gains of this policy are realized, further changes may be made to increase the opportunities available to indigenous companies and support further growth of the industry. C. Review of policy performance: the development of any policy is an organic process. It is imperative that insights from periodic reviews of the impact of the policy are captured and form inputs to inform future revisions of this policy document.

Appendix 1: Government & Civil Service Guidelines Overview The guidelines set below are recommendations addressed by NITDA to all branches of government & the civil service at all tiers. Adherence to these guidelines will ensure that the operations of government and the civil service are in harmony with this policy document in order to contribute to the attainment of the objectives set forth. The guidelines set forward provide voluntary principles and standards for dealing with IT during the carrying out of the regular business of the government and civil service. They are consistent with this policy as well as applicable laws and best practice. Furthermore, matters covered by the Guidelines may become the subject of further legislation, national law and other international commitments. e-government One of the greatest impact areas of technology yet to be fully harnessed in Nigeria is the opportunity to improve the quality of service delivery by government using online service offerings. As MDAs across the country move to implement this on varying scales, the following objectives should be shared: A. Leverage Information Technology to make government services accessible to more people B. Adopt a citizen focused approach to current government wide IT policies and programs C. Define and deliver performance increases that matter to citizens D. Communicate policies within and across agencies E. Participate actively in the development of standards that can be replicated at all levels of government e-education Education is critical to the success of this policy. First, it provides the only way of building skillsets for Nigerians to be active participants in the sector, it is an environment nurtured to aid the adoption of information, knowledge and technology at a fast rate and

also there have been manifold investments in the sector over the past decade. E-Education forms one of the pillars of this policy with the following objectives: A. Leverage Information Technology to make high quality education accessible to more people B. Include teachers and administrators as partners in the design of e-learning projects in order to achieve the needed level of buy in e-health One of the more recent interventions of ICTs in critical sectors is the impact on health service delivery. The potential to replace physical presence of trained medical personnel with information in less severe and life threatening situations, with a view to improving the efficiency of the health care system as a whole is often classified as e-health. The following objectives must exist for e- health efforts: A. Leverage Information Technology to make health services accessible to more people B. Define and deliver performance increases that matter to patients and citizens C. Leverage Information Technology to make timely health data available to health practitioners Guidelines for IT Project Implementation in e-government, e- Education and e-health Justifying Projects Justifying the selection of projects is often a challenging task to do, more so in the public sector and government. The following have been identified as useful guidelines to include as part of project justification in order to enhance harmonization with this policy document.

1. Ensure that the voices of key stakeholders are captured early in the project selection stage 2. Ensure that the project holds significant tangible and intangible benefits for stakeholders 3. Ensure that the project targets stakeholders that have been chronically underserved by previous investments 4. Ensure that the investment increases public protection, health, education, environment, and safety 5. Ensure that the project holds the potential for not only short term benefits but significant mid-term and long-term benefits for all stakeholders 6. Ensure that the project is in line with mid to long range strategic targets of the government, including relevant transformation agendas such as Vision 20:2020 and international development goals such as the Millennium Development Goals In-House projects vs. Outsourcing The decision to outsource projects to external parties must be made carefully considering the loss of control and decline in autonomy that arises from relying on external expertise from private for-profit organizations. Government has a responsibility to build the needed capacity technical, human resource, financial, etc - within the service to deliver on critical services required at all levels. Some useful guidelines are as follows: 1. Adequate controls should be put in place to protect the success of the project and ensure that priorities and objectives of stakeholders, sponsors and implementing partners are shared 2. Efforts should be made to take into account direct and indirect costs when preparing financial estimates for a project using Total Cost of Ownership measurements as well as working with multiple sources to confirm the expediency of taking a particular approach (making i.e. in-house projects or buying i.e. outsourcing/contracting)

Project Management Guidelines Project Initiation 1. A suitable project sponsor should be identified during the initiation phase of the project 2. All stakeholders should be identified during initiation and key stakeholders contacted and co-opted into the planning of the project early in the initiation phase 3. Communications requirements, information security policies and required authorizations should be defined at the project initiation phase 4. Effective data and information management practices should commence during the initiation phase Project Planning 1. Extensive definition of roles should be carried out in order to create room for involvement of all stakeholders 2. There should be a clear definition of needed controls, checks and balances commensurate with the degree of sensitivity of the project to aid in a hitch free implementation of project phases 3. In planning the project, implementing partners must be vetted in accordance with the requirements of this policy document, government seculars and other applicable regulations as stipulated by the Bureau for Public Procurement (BPP) 4. Metrics, KPIs and measures to be monitored and controlled should be determined during the planning phase of the project in line with the project objectives and scope Project Monitoring and Controlling

1. Project monitoring and controlling should be done to track the progression of the project, deal with deviations from the project plan and bring potential challenges to light as soon as they emerge 2. Related projects should be continuously benchmarked against each other to provide meaningful input that can improve the quality of project delivery Project Closing 1. A project should not be deemed as closed until an official hand off has been done to the relevant stakeholder and a reflection process is carried out. The reflection process may include measuring implementation success, archiving relevant documentation, reflecting on future activities and sharing lessons learned for future reference 2. Project success must be measured against the objectives which were meant to be achieved and not merely against achievement of project milestones or completion of work packages and deliverables 3. The performance of implementing partners should be captured and recorded to inform future decisions to involve them in other projects Project Implementation Guidelines Selection of implementation companies 1. The selection of implementation companies for projects should be in line with the policy and strategies stated in section other sections of this policy document. Knowledge Transfer 1. It is the responsibility of organizations sponsoring projects to institute mechanisms for effective knowledge transfer into their organizations during and as a result of the execution of projects

Project Sustainability Guidelines Pre-project The time spent preparing and planning for a project yields more successful outcomes for complex projects. As part of the initiatives to entrench sustainability in the design and implementation of projects, it is essential to carry out key steps in the time leading up to the commencement of the project. Stakeholder participation and engagement 1. Achieving stakeholder participation and engagement before the commencement of any project is critical to uncovering key insights and refining approaches that can improve the chances of project success. Project sustainability, on the other hand, is impossible without the active cooperation of willing and interested stakeholder groups. 2. Attempts must be made to lead projects by emphasizing a shared vision and making efforts at creating value for all stakeholders involved 3. As much as possible, solutions should be arrived at from bottom-up collaboration and mutual cooperation between affected parties 4. Coalition building is critical to successful stakeholder collaboration through engendering trust between multiple parties and nurturing agreement on plans of action 5. Efforts should be made to forge powerful individuals, the talented few, interest groups, companies and organizations and trade associations into cross-sector coalitions and networks with a shared common agenda that can champion mutually beneficial causes through mutually reinforcing actions and peer support Post-project

At the close of project implementation, efforts should be made to disseminate important lessons learned across coalitions and networks in order to improve the entire system and support the advancement of the economy. Through such efforts, the seeds of cooperation can be sewn, even among competitors, further advancing the entire group. More opportunities should be created for these mutually beneficial exchanges to occur. Maintenance and support 1. Maintenance and support contracts should include service level expectations and other measurable goals by which performance can be measured 2. Maintenance and support contracts should be subjected to periodic review to ensure that laid out goals are being met and the provider is improving in its quality of delivery and support

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