Frmulae in Cst Accunting & Financial Management CA IPCC Part I FINANCIAL MANAGMNT
Chapter 1 : TIM ALU OF MONY F P(1+r) n Meaning f Terms F P r n Future alue, Present alue, % rate f interest, The time gap. Chapter 2 : CAPITAL BUGTING ARR Average PAT p.a/ Net investment. Prfitability inex (PI)/ esirability factr Ttal f iscunte Cash Inflws/ Ttal iscunte Cash Outflws. AC Cash Outflws per annum+ AI AI Initial Investment / Relevant Annuity Factr. Meaning f Terms AC quivalent Annual Csts PI Prfitability Inex AI quivalent Annual Investment
Chapter 6 : CAPITAL STRUCTUR k Annual Interest Charge Market alue f ebt quity arnings k e Market alue v quity k k + k e k k + k e k k + ( k k ) e xpecte Operating Incme + iscunt rate applicable t the risk class t which the firm belngs k k + ( k k ) e Meaning f Terms K Cst f ebt K e Cst f equity k Market alue f the firm () Market value f ebt () Market value f quity Overall capitalizatin rate fr the firm
Chapter 7 : Rati Analysis Current Rati Current Assets Current Liabilities Quick Assets Quick Rati Quick Liabilties Cash + Marketable Securities Cash Rati Current Liabilities Owner' s quity quity Owner s quity t Ttal quity Rati r Ttal quity Ttal Assets ebt ebt quity Rati quity ebt Service Cverage Rati arnings available fr ebt service Interest + Instalments ( principal cmpnent) arnings Befre Interest an Tax [ BIT ] Interest Cverage Rati Interest Pr fit After Tax[ PAT ] Preference ivien Cverage Rati Pr eference iviens Pr fit After Tax[ PAT ] Pr eference ivien quity ivien Cverage Rati quity ivien Capital Gearing Rati Pr eference Share Capital + ebentures + Lng term lans quity Share Capital + Re serves an Surplus Lsses Fixe incme bearing securities Nn Fixe incme bearing securities Fixe Assets t Lng term fun Rati Or Fixe Assets Lng Term Funs Pr prietary Funs r Capital mplye r Owners' quity Prprietary Rati Ttal Assets Prprietary funs Share Capital + Reserves an Surplus Fictitius Assets Ttal Assets Ttal Assets as per Balance Sheet except fictitius assets an lsses. Capital Turnver Rati Capital mplye Fixe Assets Turnver Rati Fixe Assets
Wrking Capital Turnver Rati Wrking Capital Inventry Turnver Rati Average Stck ½ X [Opening Stck + Clsing Stck] Raw Material Turnver Rati Raw Materials Cnsume Average Raw Materials Stck ebtrs Turnver Rati Creit Average Accunts Re ceivable Average Cllectin Peri Average Accunts Re ceivable 365 r Average aily creit sales ebtrs Turnver Rati Creitrs Turnver Rati Creit Purchases Average Accunts Payable Average Payment Peri Average Accunts Payable 365 r Average aily Creit Purchase Creitrs Turnver Rati Return n quity PAT Pr eference ivien quity Share Capital + Re serves an Surplus Fictitius Assets arnings per share Pr fit After Taxes Pr eference ivien Number f equity shares ivien per share Ttal iviens istribute t the equity Number f equity shares sharehlers Price arnings Rati Market Pr ice per Share arning per share Re turn Return n Capital mplye 100% Capital mplye Pr fit Befre Interest an Tax Return n Investment 100% Capital mplye
Grss Pr fit Grss Prfit Rati 100% Operating Pr fit Operating Prfit Rati 100% Net Pr fit Net Prfit Rati 100% ivien per share ivien Yiel 100% Market price per share RO Net Prfit quity Net Prfit Assets Assets quity Meaning f Terms Current Assets Inventries + Sunry ebtrs + Cash an Bank Balances + Lans an Avances + Marketable nn-trae securities at market value. Current Liabilities Trae creitrs + Bills payable + Outstaning expenses + Prvisin fr taxatin + Prpse ivien + Other Prvisin + Cash Creit + Bank Overraft + Unclaime ivien Quick Assets Current Assets Inventries Prepai xpenses Quick Liabilities Current Liabilities Bank Overraft Cash Creit Owner s quity Share Capital (bth equity an preference) + Reserves an Surplus ( ) Fictitius Assets Ttal quity Owner s quity + xternal quity [i.e., utsie liabilities inclusive f current liabilities an prvisins] Or Balance Sheet Ttal Miscellaneus xpeniture quity Owner s quity ebt Lng term lan fun. Prprietary funs Share Capital + Reserves an Surplus Fictitius Assets Ttal Assets Ttal Assets as per Balance Sheet except fictitius assets an lsses. Average Stck ½ X [Opening Stck + Clsing Stck]
Chapter 9 : COST OF CAPITAL P 0 1. (1-t). PIFA (k, n) + F.PIF (k,n) I1 ( t) k F P + F P n 0 + 2 0 Cst f term lans Interest rate (1- tax rate) P 0.PIFA (kp,n) + F.PIF (kp,n) k p F P + F P n 0 + 2 0 k e g P 1 + 0 k e R f + B (R m R f ) W t t P t P t 1 K e 1 P WACC Wrk n r 1 r PS BIT(1 t) N 1 PS ( BIT Int.)(1 t) N 2
Meaning f Terms P 0 (Cst f ebentures) Present value f the ebenture (net f flatatin cst) I Annual interest payable n the ebenture t Tax rate F Principal amunt repayable at the maturity time k Cst f ebenture n Maturity peri P 0 (Cst f preference capital) Net amunt realize per share (net f flatatin cst) Preference ivien per share F Reemptin price k p Cst f preference capital 1 xpecte ivien per share next year 0 (1 + g) 0 Last pai ivien per share P 0 Current market price per share g Grwth rate b Retentin Rati r Return n quity Rf Risk free rate B Beta Rm Return n market Wt Wealth Rati 1 xpecte PS fr the next year Wr Weight f rth surce f capital Kr Cst f rth Surce f capital Int Ttal interest charge n ebt financing. N 1 Ttal N. f quity Shares uner financial Plan 1 N 2 Ttal N. f equity Shares uner Financial plan 2 t Tax Rate Chapter 10 : Leverage Analysis quity arnings ariable Csts Fixe csts Interest Tax Preference ivien quity arnings [Q (P-)-F-I] (1-t)- P arnings Per Share quity arnings Number f quity Shares [Q (P - ) - F - I] (1- n t) - P
OL Percentage Change in BIT Percentage Change in BIT BIT Q Q Q( P ) Q( P ) F Cntributin BIT FL Percentage Change in PS Percentage Change in BIT PS PS BIT BIT BIT P BIT I 1 t CL Percentage Change in BIT Percentage Change in PS PS Q Q Q( P ) P Q( P ) F I 1 t Meaning f Terms Q Number f units sl P Price per unit ariable Cst per unit F Ttal fixe cst I Ttal Interest t Tax rate P Preference ivien n Number f equity shares