Emerging Threats and Challenges for Homeland Air Security Presentation to National Defense Industrial Association (NDIA) Missile Defense RADM Mike Mathis, Lt. Col., Carey Briefer Director, Joint Air and Missile Defense Organization (JTAMDO) 1
Domestic Security and Defense Missions Homeland Security (National Strategy for Homeland Security): Homeland security is a concerted national effort to prevent terrorist attacks within the United States, reduce America s vulnerability to terrorism, and minimize the damage and recover from attacks that do occur. Homeland Air Security Prevent terrorist air attacks against the United States, reduce America s vulnerability to air terrorism, and minimize the damage and recover from attacks that do occur. (Interagency Mission) Homeland Air Defense Protect US territory, sovereignty, domestic population and critical infrastructure against external air threats and aggression. (DoD Mission) The mission of preventing and countering terrorist or unconventional air attacks in the US is not assigned solely to one agency Department of Homeland Security (DHS) and Department of Defense (DoD) 2
Primary DOD HLD Organizations OSD: ASD - Homeland Defense NORAD USNORTHCOM JFCOM Joint Staff: J-3 and J-8 (JTAMDO) Each Service has own Directorate 3
Evolving Threat Spectrum 4
Cruise Missile Threat Represents the most stressing type of military threat Low Altitude Highly maneuverable Could be launched from a container on a ship, truck or train State-of-the-Art technology used in CM development is becoming readily available to a wide range of players Many countries have them today Easy to produce, cheap and potentially lethal Could pose a serious threat in the next decade Likely to become the poor man s air force of the future With $50M, an adversary could buy 100 off-the-shelf CMs 5
Homeland Air Security Threat Spectrum Air Breathing Threats Future Threat Ballistic Missiles Military Aircraft Traditional Military Threat CM* Airliners Commercial / Chartered Aircraft Gen Aviation Ultra Light UAV** Other e.g. Balloons TBD * Cruise Missile (CM) ** Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) 6 Threat Platforms capable of air terrorism, smuggling, or other illegal activities: Concept Emphasis on Use of an Air Vehicle as a Terrorist Weapon Characteristics: Externally or Internally Launched Not Easily Differentiated from Normal Air Activity Only Subtle Indications of Intent Targeted to Produce Terror, Fear, and Financial and / or Political Instability
National Radar Surveillance 7
NAASC Tasking to JTAMDO Support the North American Air Surveillance Council (NAASC), in evaluating FAA radar deactivation plan Identify FAA en route radars that provide redundant coverage Assessment focused on interior en route long range radars as candidates for shutdown Joint Surveillance System (JSS) long range radars and Airport Surveillance (ASRs)/terminal radars not candidates for shutdown Assessment based strictly on defense of CONUS Region (CONR) One critical assets Interagency Homeland Air Defense (IHAD) National Radar Needs 8
5,000, 0 dbsm Current Surveillance 9
1,000, 0 dbsm Current Surveillance 10
Interagency Efforts Facilitated by JTAMDO 11
Mandate for Concept and Architecture Development Director Joint Staff (Oct 2001) JTAMDO will assume the lead role for developing long-range joint operational concepts and architectures for this mission area in coordination with NORAD and the Services. JTAMDO, working in concert with its constituent membership, will be responsible for the Interagency Homeland Air Defense (IHAD) operational concept and integrated architecture and those integrating interagency requirements not covered by the NAASC. White House Homeland Security Policy Coordination Committee on Domestic Protection National Airspace Management and Protection Working Group 12 (Jan 2002) Homeland Security Policy Coordination Committee on Domestic Protection National Airspace Management and Protection Working Group CHARTER Scope: This Working Group will coordinate interagency policy development, planning, and implementation of strategic initiatives to include the following: 1. developing national policy to strengthen measures for protecting the nation from air threats including the use of civil aviation as a weapon of terrorism; Operational Methodology: The Office of Homeland Security is responsible for providing overarching 2. developing a national airspace management and protection strategy, operational concept, and integrated oversight of the national airspace protection policy, operational concept, and requirements development architectures that will improve airspace security in tandem with meeting the nation s future civilian airspace processes. This responsibility includes facilitating interagency process participation and coordination, management needs, wherever possible; facilitating Executive Office of the President and Congressional process participation and coordination, 3. identifying critical intelligence, surveillance, communications, command & control, and response monitoring program milestone accomplishment, and framing issues for discussion/approval/resolution requirements that will synergistically enhance homeland security, national defense, and national airspace through the Homeland Security Council system, when required. Integrated architectures concept management; development and requirements determination will be channeled through pre-existing organizations. As a 4. developing an integrated implementation plan and funding strategies to support the national airspace point of departure for this effort, the North American Air Surveillance Council (NAASC), working in management and protection strategy, operational concept, and integrated architectures. concert with its constituent membership, to include the Joint Theater Air and Missile Defense Organization (JTAMDO), will be responsible for integrating interagency requirements related to the surveillance, data Chairperson: Senior Director for Prevention and Protection, Office of Homeland Security transmission, and communications aspects of the Working Group charter. JTAMDO, working in concert with its constituent membership, will be responsible for the Interagency Homeland Air Defense (IHAD) Membership: Deputy Assistant Secretary-level representatives from the following departments/agencies: operational concept and integrated architecture and those integrating interagency requirements not covered by the NAASC. Individual departments and agencies will feed their specific requirements to the Defense specialized sub-working groups already established under the NAASC for the purposes of consideration State and deliberation. Joint Chiefs of Staff Transportation Meeting Schedule: The Working Group will meet a minimum of once a month to facilitate program Commerce milestone monitoring and provide a venue to frame issues for Homeland Security Council Justice approval/resolution, when required. Federal Aviation Administration Customs Near-term Focus: The Working Group has tasked the NAASC to provide the following deliverables to OHS Federal Bureau of Investigation by September 1, 2002: Secret Service Develop budget requirements to provide for continued operation of current national air surveillance Office of the Vice President radars in FY04; Office of National Drug Control Policy Develop budget requirements necessary to fund mid-term extension of current national air National Aeronautics and Space Administration surveillance radars until a suitable replacement system can be fielded; North American Aerospace Defense Command Develop operational and budget requirements for a future national air surveillance system (to include Office of Science and Technology Policy communications requirements, if possible, by 1 Sept) Office of Management and Budget National Security Council Domestic Policy Council National Economic Council
Interagency Participants Dept of Justice Secret Service FAA Customs Service JFCOM Military Services FBI TSA Department of Homeland Security Joint Staff CIA NORAD NORTHCOM Air National Guard DIA Agriculture National Nuclear Security Administration 13 Major challenge requiring Interagency and bi-national solutions
Homeland Air Security RECOGNITION ASSESSMENT INTERDICTION RECOVERY Lethal Force Intent Law Enforcement DoD Force Down & Arrest Trigger Event Law Enforcement Event Reconstruction WARNING 14 Arrest Before Take-Off
Homeland Air Security Enablers Intelligence Information Sharing Interagency Cooperation DHS Customs Common Air Surveillance Picture Customs TSA FAA Coordination TSA DoD USCG DoD LEA FAA Customs Intent? Automated Decision Support / Response Management System CIA FBI DIA Integrated Interagency Data Sharing and Communications 15 Key Enablers to Maximize Interagency Cooperation & Coordination Necessary to Execute Homeland Air Security
Ops Concept and Ops Architecture Link Homeland Air Security Homeland Air Security An Ops Concept describes high level goals and objectives RECOGNITION ASSESSMENT RECOGNITION ASSESSMENT Trigger Event Trigger Event Intent Intent Law Enforcement Law Enforcement INTERDICTION INTERDICTION DoD DoD Law Law Enforcement Enforcement Lethal Force Lethal Force Force Down & Force Arrest Down & Arrest RECOVERY RECOVERY Event Reconstruction Event Reconstruction To make an Ops Concept functional you must develop a formalized structure WARNING WARNING Arrest Before Take-Off Arrest Before Take-Off I n p u t s Controls Activities And Information Exchanges Information Repository O u t p u t s An Ops Architecture allows you to visualize and identify the specific framework or environment for the essential processes necessary for attaining these goals and objectives. 16 Mechanisms
Homeland Air Security Ops Architecture Video: Securing the Skies 17
Homeland Air Security Challenges Radar Surveillance Coverage Requirements and Strategy Adv technology plan critical to address strategy (including SLEP with FAA) NASCC tasking to JTAMDO covering redundant areas / altitudes Noble Eagle Critical Asset List Homeland Air Security Developing Structure Develop Interagency Cooperation and Leadership HAS Ops Concept HAS Ops Architecture National Center and evolving National Capitol Region Coordination Center Additional Items Joint Staff Reorganization created Functional Control Boards RADM Mathis - Force Protection 18
NCR Demonstration Industry Day September 10, 2003 Interagency Homeland Air Security National Capitol Region Demonstration Industry Day Presented by: Joint Theater Air & Missile Defense Organization (JTAMDO) and National Defense Industrial Association (NDIA) Where: Kossiakoff Center, Laurel, MD; Classification: SECRET, US-only Demo Purpose: Facilitate development of a Homeland Air Security (HAS) capability addressing technology in advanced technology sensors, correlators, communications, automated decision support and intelligence/info sharing Industry Day Purpose: JTAMDO and Interagency to present HAS concepts and technology requirements for the Demo. Industry will be offered the opportunity after the conference to submit White Papers describing their concepts and technologies, as candidates for demonstration and evaluation. 19
Questions? 20