WEBTECH EDUCATIONAL SERIES

FLASH FOR THE REAL WORLD SEPARATE HYPE FROM REALITY

WEBTECH EDUCATIONAL SERIES FLASH FOR THE REAL WORLD SEPARATE HYPE FROM REALITY Join us for a live webcast and hear Hu Yoshida, chief technology officer of Hitachi Data Systems, discuss the real-world criteria for making an effective decision when evaluating flash storage. With all the noise in the market it can be difficult to separate fact from fiction in order to evaluate the performance, efficiency, and economic trade-offs for flash storage Specifically, you ll learn how to determine if flash storage will help you Actually achieve the performance you need as you compare technology options Realize efficiency gains that extend beyond the promise of flash performance Make the economic case for real-world business decisions before taking the leap After attending this webcast, you will be able to Understand the important differences between commodity flash storage and storage designed for flash Maximize the return on your flash storage to exceed the abilities of flash appliances Identify potential efficiencies, beyond performance improvement, that your company might gain by employing flash storage

HYPE OR REALITY? Flash storage is nonvolatile Flash can replace DRAM for cache and memory Flash SSDs are built for enterprise storage Flash storage is 10 times more expensive than HDD Flash storage will replace hard disk drives All-flash arrays will outperform hybrid flash arrays

STORAGE MEDIA TECHNOLOGY TRENDS Hard disk technology is slowing down end of 50-year trend MLC flash will approach price of high-performance hard drives Optical disk and tape continue price trend A hybrid pool of flash and hard drives will be required to reduce cost and increase performance ($/GB) 100.00 ReRAM PRAM 10.00 1.00 MLCFlash SSD SLC Flash SSD 0.10 SAS HDD 0.01 0.001 CY05 Random Read Performance MLC SSD: 70K IOPS SAS HDD: 0.3K IOPS CY10 Tape CY15 Storage Media Bit Cost Forecast CY20 Optical Disk MLC: Multi-level cell, SLC: Single-level cell, SAS: Serial attached SCSI, PRAM: Phase change RAM, ReRAM: Resistance RAM

FLASH NAND TECHNOLOGY Pages can only be written to formatted blocks Thin Oxide Insulation Layer Drain Control Gate Source When pages are updated, old pages are marked invalid Formatting is only done on a block level N+ Floating Gate Substrate N+ This limitation causes write amplification and takes processor cycles for garbage collection Block A Page 0 Invalid Page 1 Invalid Page 2 LBA:10 Block B Page 0 Free Page 1 Free Page 2 Free Pages have to be refreshed periodically since electrons are leaking with every read and over time Block A Page 0 Invalid Block A Page 1 Invalid Page 2 LBA:10 Invalid Block B Page 0 LBA:10 Block B Page 1 Free Page 2 Free Page 0 Free Page 1 Free Page 2 Free Page 0 LBA:10 Page 1 Free Page 2 Free Every write degrades the insulation layer until the cell is no longer usable

COMPARISON OF STORAGE TECHNOLOGIES Technology Read Write Endurance Cycle Nonvolatile DRAM <10ns <10ns 10 16 No SLC Flash 25μs 200μs/1.5ms (Program/Erase) MLC Flash 200μs 440μs/2.5ms (Program/Erase) 10 5 Yes* 10 3 Yes* 15K HDD 5.7ms 5.7ms 10 18 Yes 2013 IEEE NAND Flash SIM: M. Jung et al * Nonvolatility degrades with writes, formats, reads, and time

SSD CONTROLLERS ARE NOT DESIGNED FOR ENTERPRISE STORAGE SSD DESIGNED FOR PCS IS OPTIMIZED FOR MANUFACTURING COST, NOT PERFORMANCE Single core Limited memory Mapping table resident in flash Bandwidth limits capacity 400GB modules Write Cliff I/O performance is blocked during garbage collection Limited system integration options No encryption no shredding Units (M) 200 160 120 80 40 0 Entry-Level PC Mainstream PC Enterprise Server Enterprise Storage Industrial 2012 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Source: Gartner, June 2012 Forecast Analysis: NAND, Worldwide, 2011-2016, 2Q12 Update

FLASH NEEDS TO BE BUILT FROM THE GROUND UP FOR ENTERPRISE STORAGE CONSUMER DESKTOP AND LAPTOP LOWEST UNIT COST DATA CENTER ENTERPRISE SERVER AND STORAGE HIGHEST PERFORMANCE AND AVAILABILITY

EMBEDDED CONTROLLER: A HIGH-PERFORMANCE FLASH TRANSLATION LAYER HIGHLY PARALLEL Eight lanes of PCIe PCIe root complex Multicore processor Integrated DDR-3 interface Integrated flash controller logic supports 32 paths to the flash array X8 PCIe PHYs PCIe Root Complex Core Core PCIe Core Core DDR3 Misc.. Interfaces To/From DDR UART, UI2C, Ethernet Uses 128 flash memory chips Housekeeping is taken out of the I/O path no write cliff X16 Flash Controllers X32 Flash PHYs Flash Memory interface

EMBEDDED CONTROLLER INLINE COMPRESSION FEATURE Compress in real time any data stream of 0 or 1 by up to 94% Perform inline encoding of any data chunk of 0 or 1 Chunk size: 128KB Algorithm remaps data with a pointer and saves LA/LRC (data check code) VSP Formatted Data Written on Flash Chunk Size (128KB) Compression Data (8KB) Data: All 0 1 LA/ LRC Data: All 0 1 LA/ LRC Data: All 0 1 LA/ LRC Inline Write Compression Ptn: LA/ LA/ 0 1 LRC LRC LA/ LRC

EMBEDDED CONTROLLER FORMATTING COMPARISON WITH SSD Format Execution Time (22.4TB) 280 min. 60 min. SSD 400GB x 8 (7D+1P) PARITY GROUP Hitachi Accelerated Flash (HAF) 1.6TB x 2 (7D+1P) PARITY GROUP

EMBEDDED CONTROLLER ERROR CHECK AND CORRECTION (ECC) Hitachi Accelerated Flash ECC is added to each LA/LRC, resulting in the ability to correct 48b/1.4KB of data Increasing ECC size extends the ability to read data as the cells leak electrons, and reduces the need to rewrite pages Host data 512 Generated Data by VSP 8 LA/LRC Logical partitioning Flash data format 1384 1388 1388 1388 1388 1384 1384 A unit of data That generates ECC 1388 1388 1388 1388 1384 Page# ECC(Size Varies by Flash Chip Type, 52-84 Bytes) CRC

HAF RANDOM PERFORMANCE AND BIT COST ADVANTAGES COMPARED TO MLC SSD 8K IOPS (64/36 R/W Ratio) Per Drive 60,000 55,000 55,000 50,000 40,000 30,000 20,000 10,000 14,000 14,000 11,000 11,000 0 200GB SLC SSD 400GB SLC SSD 200GB MLC SSD 400GB MLC SSD 196 146GB HDD 15K Tomahawk HAF Tomahawk HAF 1.6TB 3.2TB 196 141 141 78 300GB HDD 15K 600GB HDD 10K 900GB HDD 10K 3TB HDD 7.2K NORMALIZED BIT PRICE Relative COMPARED Bit Cost TO vs 146GB 146GB 15K 15K RPM HDD AND MLC SSD 9.00 8.00 8.11 8.06 7.00 6.00 6.38 6.00 5.00 4.00 3.00 4.00 3.60 2.00 1.00 0.00 200GB SLC SSD 400GB SLC SSD 200GB MLC SSD 400GB MLC SSD 1.00 146GB HDD 15K Tomahawk HAF Tomahawk HAF 1.6TB 3.2TB 0.89 300GB HDD 15K 0.28 0.28 0.10 600GB HDD 10K 900GB HDD 10K 3TB HDD 7.2K

HITACHI ACCELERATED FLASH POWER-PER-TERABYTE ADVANTAGES 400 350 Power per TB (incl. Drive and Chassis) (Watts) 342 300 250 200 150 39% less power 167 100 50 60 30 45 23 28 14 77 51 19 0 200GB SLC SSD 400GB SLC SSD 200GB MLC SSD 400GB MLC SSD 146GB HDD 15K HAFS FMD 1.6TB HAFS FMD 3.2TB 300GB HDD 15K 600GB HDD 10K 900GB HDD 10K 3TB HDD 7.2K

HITACHI ACCELERATED FLASH STORAGE 4X THE CAPACITY OF SOLID STATE DRIVES, 2X THE DENSITY PER RACK UNIT 4X 1.6TB 400GB 2X 19.2TB in 2U 9.6TB in 2U

STORAGE ARRAY FLASH ACCELERATION OPTIMIZE HITACHI UNIFIED STORAGE VM (HUS VM) AND HITACHI VIRTUAL STORAGE PLATFORM (VSP) SYSTEM SOFTWARE TO EXPLOIT FLASH 30+ fundamental software changes to turbocharge performance with flash New express I/O processing Hitachi Storage New cache slot allocation method Reduced ucode overhead and path length Significant performance impacts Up to 65% reduction in response time Up to 4x random I/O scalability Nondisruptive installation and transparent to current applications HUS VM and VSP Optimized for Flash Today

VSP WITH HAF COMPARED TO EQUIVALENT- PERFORMANCE 15K HDD VSP CONFIGURATION Controller Controller Greater productivity: Sustain up to 223% more transactions Increased efficiency and application performance: Up to 88% reduction in application response times, allowing support for more users and applications Lower environmental cost: Up to 98% reduction in drive footprint Hitachi Accelerated Flash storage and VSP flash acceleration Flash Chassis Controller Lower price/performance: Up to 65% lower price/performance www.storageperformance.org/results/benc hmark_results_spc1#a00135

SCALE TO MANAGE DATA GROWTH STORAGE ARRAY CONTROLLER PROVIDES SCALABILITY Global cache internal switch architecture for scale-up performance Dynamically tier virtualized storage for application data growth Grow block volumes and file systems dynamically and without concern for size Easily provision block and file capacity for VMs Select HAF and/or hard drive options to balance capacity or performance SCALE TO EXTERNAL STORAGE HIGHER DENSITY HAF and HDD PROVIDE LARGER FILE SPACE MANAGE LARGER POOLS

STORAGE CONTROLLER PROVIDES DYNAMIC TIERING Dynamic tiering - Automates the movement of pages in a volume between tiers of storage Flash - Provides performance for the hot pages Hard drive - Provides capacity for lessactive pages Optimizes performance, capacity, and cost with automation Last Referenced Last Referenced POOL A EFD/Flash FLASH SAS Fast SAS NL SAS

MIGRATE DATA WITH LESS EFFORT DATA MOBILITY 90% Less Refresh Effort Lowest-risk data migration Speed technology refresh Minimize outage window Eliminate application downtime

PROTECT APPLICATION DATA LOCAL DATA REPLICATION FOR INTERNAL USE Data protection independent of operating system, application, or device Application aware for Microsoft Exchange and Microsoft SQL Server for complete data recovery High-speed object-based replication over wide area network Most space-efficient writable snapshots available

SHARE ANY DATA ANY TIME ANYWHERE REMOTE DATA REPLICATION Move data from any storage system across any distance Automate recovery to resume business in minutes, not hours or days Deploy locally and remotely for disaster recovery with no interruption in service Replicate data from Hitachi or other virtualized storage

IMPROVE QUALITY OF SERVICE DESIGNED FOR RESILIENCE AND THE HIGHEST AVAILABILITY 100% Data Availability Guarantee 100% data availability Ensure uninterrupted access to data Automatic diagnostics with call-home service Update without service interruption Hitachi HiTrack Monitor Service Online Service and Microcode Updates Mirrored Write Cache Active Active Clustered File Services Shared Resource Block Controllers

HITACHI VSP ACCELERATED FLASH STORAGE STRUCTURE UP TO 4 FLASH CHASSIS PER VSP MORE THAN 600TB OF FLASH Drive chassis Hitachi Flash Controller Flash chassis Controller

HITACHI ACCELERATED FLASH STORAGE FOR HITACHI UNIFIED STORAGE VM 1.6TB per flash module 12 modules per 2U enclosure 19.2TB Up to 8 flash enclosures per system maximum 154TB 5U controller with 16 cores, 256 GB cache and 36 FC paths

FLASH ECONOMICS Hitachi Accelerated Flash with VSP or HUS VM 3 x Better $/IO Than Solid State Drives 7 x Better $/IO Than Hard Disk Drives 500,000 IOPS 500,000 IOPS 240,000 IOPS 8 drives 80 drives 768 drives 9U 13U 69U $1 per I/O $3 per I/O $7 per I/O

COMPETITIVE PRICE/PERFORMANCE HUS VM ALL FLASH VS LEADING ALL-FLASH ARRAY 500,000 IOPS < 1ms response $1 per I/O

HUS VM FLASH VS. COMPETITIVE ALL-FLASH ARRAYS 1,000,000 HYBRID ARRAYS ALL-FLASH ARRAYS IBM XIV HP 3PAR EMC VNX HUS VM Violin Memory IBM Flash System Pure Storage EMC XtremIO RANDOM IOPS

COMPETITIVE FLASH STORAGE FEATURES ONLY HITACHI DATA SYSTEMS DELIVERS FULL-FEATURED UNIFIED STORAGE WITH FLASH ACCELERATION AND TIERING ACROSS INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL STORAGE ONLY HITACHI DATA SYSTEMS DELIVERS DURABLE HIGH- PERFORMANCE FLASH MODULES DESIGNED FOR ENTERPRISE STORAGE ACCEL- ERATED FLASH EXTERNAL VIRTUALIZATION THIN PROVISIONING AUTOMATED TIERING REMOTE AND LOCAL REPLICATION UNIFIED FLASH STORAGE HDS HDS, EMC, IBM, NETAPP HDS, EMC, HP, IBM HDS, EMC, HP, IBM, NETAPP HDS, EMC, HP, IBM, NETAPP, NIMBUS HDS, EMC, HP, IBM, NETAPP, VIOLIN, NIMBUS, PURE, ETC.

HUS VM ALL-FLASH STORAGE ARRAY 145 PATENTS FILED FOR HAF AND FLASH ACCELERATION 1,000,000 IOPS, <1ms response Best storage optimization for flash Hitachi flash acceleration software Up to 154TB flash storage Best flash form factor and durability Hitachi Accelerated Flash Unified and virtualized capacity More flexible than all flash systems Hitachi Command Suite

HYPE OR REALITY? Flash storage is nonvolatile Flash can replace DRAM for cache and memory Flash SSDs are built for enterprise storage Flash storage is 10 times more expensive than hard disk drives Flash storage will replace hard disk drives All-flash arrays will outperform hybrid flash arrays

QUESTIONS AND DISCUSSION Questions will be posted to: http://community.hds.com/groups/webtech

UPCOMING WEBTECHS Maximize IT WebTechs Hitachi Unified Storage and Hitachi NAS Platform Performance Optimization with Flash Acceleration, August 14, 9 a.m. PT, 12 p.m. (noon) ET Comprehensive and Simplified Management for VMware vsphere Environments Now, Even Better!, September 11, 9 a.m. PT, 12 p.m. (noon) ET Easily Deploy Microsoft Private Cloud and Microsoft SQL Server 2012 Data Warehouse on Hitachi Converged Solutions, Sept 25, 9 a.m. PT, 12 p.m. (noon) ET Check www.hds.com/webtech for Links to the recording, the presentation, and Q&A (available next week) Schedule and registration for upcoming WebTech sessions Questions will be posted in the HDS Community: http://community.hds.com/groups/webtech

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