Case study HIV/AIDS workplace program insurance industry Company: American International Assurance Co., Ltd. (AIA) Location: Thailand Industry: insurance Date: January 2003 Contact: Mr. Sutti Rajitrangson Senior Vice President Administration Tel: (+66 2) 638-7558 Fax: (+66 2) 236-9091 Email: sutti.r2@aig.com Copyright Asian Business Coalition on AIDS, 2003 www.abconaids.org/casestudies With support from the Ford Foundation.
Executive Summary What to do when your core business is to sell life insurance products to companies and private households in a country where almost 1 million people s lives are threatened by HIV/AIDS. Evolvement of a company s social investment The American International Assurance Co., Ltd. (AIA), a subsidiary of American International Group, is one of Thailand s leading life insurance companies. Since the company began its operations in Thailand in 1938, AIA has actively been engaged in social development activities. With the rapid rise of HIV infection in Thailand. In 1992 AIA began to recognize the seriousness of the impact of this human, social and economic threat. HIV/AIDS not only affects the daily life of millions of people, but has a negative impact on business operations, the workplace and the workforce as well. Being a life insurance company, AIA has a clear vested interest in the health and wellbeing of its clients and the national community in terms of direct costs on insurance payments and future markets. From the early 90 s, AIA has sought partnerships with various non-government organizations (NGOs) to implement a range of HIV/AIDS prevention projects, involving community participation and workplace programs. The evolvement of its investments in social development projects clearly reflects the company s changing perspective of its corporate social responsibilities (CSR). What once started as a one-time fundraiser sponsorship of a marathon to raise funds and awareness for/on HIV/AIDS has now grown into a corporate philosophy on how to engage in social development issues that can be directly or indirectly integrated with its core business: marketing of insurance products. A result of AIA s maturing CSR philosophy can be seen in the company s active support of a program that aims to accredit and financially reward companies by giving a bonus on insurance rates that comply with specific standards on HIV/AIDS prevention and intervention in the workplace. Case study HIV/AIDS workplace program insurance industry (AIA), 2003 2
The AIDS-Response Standard Organization program (ASO) A 1998 study of HIV/AIDS workplace programs in Thailand showed that a majority of the companies did not have prevention and intervention activities in place. Moreover, knowledge and awareness of the risks employees were exposed to were not promoted. 1 As a result of these findings, AIA set itself to advocate for greater business involvement in the response to HIV/AIDS among its corporate customers. Although 1 in 60 Thais in a population of almost 62 million are living with HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS, February 2002), many companies in Thailand have not institutionalized HIV/AIDS workplace programs. This alarming fact was attributed to a perceived lack of (financial) incentives and tangible benefits. The AIDS-Response Standard Organization program (ASO) is a three-year study/program, funded by AIA, the Horizons project of the Population Council and the Thailand Business Coalition on AIDS (TBCA), to evaluate and accredit companies on their HIV/AIDS prevention and non-discrimination programs in the workplace. ASO s objective is to answer the question: Do financial incentives, such as credit bonuses on group life insurance rates, result in higher implementation and improvement of workplace HIV/AIDS programs? The program was implemented with technical assistance from TBCA, such as technical assistance in policy development, providing HIV/AIDS training to employees along with distributing educational materials. Progress was measured through comparison of initial company evaluation scores on HIV/AIDS workplace activities with scores in a later phase of the program. After the evaluation of scores, accreditation of companies was conducted by TBCA on the basis of which AIA provided reductions in insurance premiums coverage to companies insured by AIA. Case study HIV/AIDS workplace program insurance industry (AIA), 2003 3
Benefits for AIA of HIV/AIDS management According to UNAIDS, from 1997 to 2001, 82.5 percent of HIV/AIDS cases in Thailand were transmitted through heterosexual contacts, with the highest number of cases concentrating in the most productive age group of 20 to 40 years old. 2 Many persons of this age group will be working for companies that, by Thai law, are required to have an insurance plan. Providing life insurance for employees in this age group will incur a direct cost to AIA (and the insurance industry in general) and medical expense demands of future markets. As future claims rise, costs of medical expenses that AIA and the insurance industry in general must bear will also rise. From this it can be concluded that AIA has a vested interest in the health and well-being of its customers. 3 In terms of future market potential, AIA also protects future consumer markets by addressing HIV/AIDS issues. Other benefits received for AIA include the potential reduction in direct costs (insurance payouts) as a result of a healthier workforce amongst its policyholders. Intangible benefits include enhancement of the company s social reputation among important stakeholders such as staff, potential new hires, consumers, media, peer business leaders, government and communities at large. This may in turn attract new business as a result of AIA demonstrating its commitment to its existing and prospective customers. Case study HIV/AIDS workplace program insurance industry (AIA), 2003 4
1. Company background The American International Assurance Co., Ltd. (AIA), a subsidiary of American International Group, is one of Thailand s largest life insurance companies. Since the start of its operations in Thailand in 1938, AIA has grown to 1,400 Thai staff and 40,000 agents servicing 2,7 million policyholders. AIA has built up a strong reputation for its commitment to invest in the society from which it profits. The company has a good track record of active engagement in various social and economic development activities that aim to improve and support the welfare of Thailand s people through its annual community budget. 4 AIA has made financial contributions to educational and health related issues. Examples range from financing school lunch programs to sponsoring highly intellectual but financially challenged students to study abroad or in universities in Thailand. Concerned about the growing threat of the spread of HIV/AIDS to the employees of policyholder companies, AIA has become actively involved in HIV/AIDS prevention efforts since 1992. In collaboration with CARE International, AIA has assisted in a HIV/AIDS prevention program for factory workers in central Thailand. The company committed US$ 70,000 to educate 100,000 workers in almost 200 factories over 3 years, with CARE as the service provider. AIA also has supported the Thai Ministry of Public Health (MOPH) to print 15,000 posters that were distributed nationwide to increase awareness on HIV/AIDS. 5 Besides this, the company has printed and distributed HIV/AIDS manuals among its policyholders and the general public. Since 1999, AIA has expanded its involvement in HIV/AIDS workplace programs through its partnership with the Thailand Business Coalition on AIDS (TBCA) and the Horizons project of the Population Council to implement an accreditation program to encourage private sector involvement in HIV/AIDS prevention called the AIDS-Response Standard Organization (ASO). Case study HIV/AIDS workplace program insurance industry (AIA), 2003 5
2. Motivation for action Being an insurance company, AIA naturally has a vested interest in the health and well-being of its customers. HIV/AIDS threatens insurance companies profitability as it potentially increases costs related to medical expenses. UNAIDS (February 2002) estimated that 1 in 60 Thais in a population of almost 62 million are living with HIV/AIDS. The epidemic not only has a severe impact on private households, but on the workplace and business operations as well. The business impact of HIV/AIDS on the insurance business is twofold: Impact at the macroeconomic level: HIV/AIDS seriously affects consumer and labor markets, as well as future customer markets and increases public health costs and investments in prevention and education. Impact at the microeconomic level: workplaces that employ people living with HIV/AIDS will claim higher costs for medical care, counseling and funeral. In terms of direct costs, the higher the claims, the higher the costs AIA will have to bear in paying for HIV treatment. HIV/AIDS thus not only threatens present and future markets, but also has a direct negative affect on insurance companies profits as a result of increased medical claims. According to UNAIDS, from 1997 to 2001, 82.5 percent of HIV/AIDS cases in Thailand were transmitted through heterosexual contacts, with the highest number of cases concentrating in the most productive age group of 20 to 40 years old. 2 Many persons of this age will be working for companies that, by Thai law, are required to have a medical insurance plan. Providing life insurance for employees in this age group will incur a direct cost to the insurance business and a medical expense demand of future markets. As future claims rise, costs of medical expenses that insurance companies must bear will also rise. Case study HIV/AIDS workplace program insurance industry (AIA), 2003 6
3. Strategy HIV/AIDS involvement Evolving perspectives on corporate social responsibility There exist several different avenues of addressing HIV/AIDS. In the past, HIV/AIDS prevention and support to HIV-positive people were assumed to be the sole responsibility of the public sector (i.e. MOPH) or civil society (NGOs) and international organizations such as the United Nations. However, it is nowadays widely understood that society as a whole bears responsibility for the well-being and welfare of its members. Businesses possess valuable resources, such as management and marketing capacity, training facilities and access to large communities, as well as funds, that relatively easy and costefficient to be integrated with public efforts to fight HIV/AIDS. It can be argued that businesses have a larger opportunity to act responsibly towards society not only because of compassion, but also because of real economic benefits. This perspective takes into account that companies primary business is to do business. It is not expected from companies such as AIA to do everything in the fight against HIV/AIDS. However, as an important stakeholder in society, each company has an interest in helping to protect the community from which it profits. Sustainable and strategically underpinned ways to promote both social and market development can only be developed if companies are able to integrate Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) issues with core business. These efforts create more benefits to both the private sector and the community than those derived from standalone fundraisers or one-off donations. In the case of AIA this implied that a program had to be developed that links insurance products to HIV/AIDS prevention. ASO an innovative business concept that serves communities What to do when your core business is to sell life insurance products to companies and private households in a country where almost 1 million people s lives are threatened by HIV/AIDS. Incorporating innovative business concepts in social development activities ensures sustainability of CSR strategies, while at the same time serving business interests. The ASO program provided AIA with an opportunity to assume a leadership role in the insurance Case study HIV/AIDS workplace program insurance industry (AIA), 2003 7
sector by integrating product development and innovative marketing concepts, such as customer retention rewarding AIA customers that comply with ASO standards with social development efforts HIV/AIDS workplace management. By taking precautionary measures to ensure the well-being of both its own employees and those employed by AIA s corporate customers, the company is able to extend protection of its own business interest to those of its customers. This will eventually be beneficial to AIA s business as well. 4. Activities implemented Since the development of the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Thailand, AIA has been involved in various HIV/AIDS related activities. The two most influential activities include a marathon to raise awareness on HIV/AIDS (AIDS-A-Thon) and the earlier mentioned accreditation program ASO. Both activities are detailed below. 4.1 AIDS-A-Thon During the early nineties, it was projected that the AIDS epidemic in Thailand would reach over 5 million by 2005. The formation of the AIDS-A-Thon in 1996 was a fundraising response of the private, public and civil sectors to combat HIV/AIDS so as to prevent the actuality of the projected numbers. Its main objective was to raise awareness of HIV/AIDS and to raise funds. While part of the funds generated were from donations of goods or volunteering, large sums of money came from corporate pledges to earn a spot on the core runners shirts and on banners at the start of the run. The marathon was truly a nationwide event, comprising of a run from the Northeast of Thailand to the capital city with a group of 9 core runners who in 3 weeks ran over 3,000 kilometers. AIA participated by sponsoring one of its own employees as a core runner and by participating in the organizing committee. The run finished in Bangkok on World AIDS Day, raising a total amount of Baht 737,115 or almost US$ 30,000. TBCA was responsible for managing and distributing the funds to the following activities: HIV/AIDS education to company employees. Technical assistance to implement HIV/AIDS policies and programs. Case study HIV/AIDS workplace program insurance industry (AIA), 2003 8
Support of organizations working to provide AIDS hospice care, assistance to affected women and children and a mother-to-child HIV transmission prevention program. Throughout the marathon, HIV/AIDS information was disseminated to the general public through distribution of brochures, posters, announcements on the radio, publicity from the media and sponsored events, such as a concert and an HIV/AIDS educational dance group performance. The AIDS-A-Thon was deemed successful for its efforts to enhance and provide resources for the community through the multi-sectoral collaboration. 4.2 AIDS-Response Standard Organization (ASO) Rationale and objectives As mentioned earlier, the findings of the 1998 study of HIV/AIDS workplace programs in Thailand showed that a majority of the companies did not have prevention and intervention activities in place. Moreover, no effort was being made to promote awareness of the risks employees might be exposed to in the workplace. This resulted in AIA setting itself to advocate for greater business involvement in the response to HIV/AIDS among its corporate customers. And while 1 in 60 Thais in a population of almost 62 million are living with HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS, February 2002), many companies in Thailand have not institutionalized HIV/AIDS workplace programs. This alarming fact was attributed to a perceived lack of (financial) incentives and tangible benefits. After AIA s participation in AIDS-A-Thon, the company acknowledging the epidemic s potential threat to its market success wanted to contribute to HIV/AIDS prevention efforts in a more strategic way that would allow the company to integrate its CSR activities with its core business sale of insurances. A partnership with TBCA and the Population Council enabled AIA to merge its business objectives and social responsibilities into one mission. This mission was translated into an accreditation scheme aiming to promote HIV/AIDS workplace programs linked to a reduction in group-life insurance rates AIDS-Response Standard Organization (ASO). Case study HIV/AIDS workplace program insurance industry (AIA), 2003 9
ASO is both a research-program and test case to answer the question whether financial incentives can be used to encourage the private sector to become actively involved in developing and improving workplace-based HIV/AIDS prevention and care and support efforts. Aside from the overall goal to promote private sector involvement in HIV/AIDS management, ASO aimed to increase HIV/AIDS awareness among workers, ensuring that all staff, HIV-positive or not, can work together. Program implementers ASO is a public-private partnership in which all 3 implementers have different roles. TBCA provides HIV/AIDS workplace training and technical assistance with policy development as well as distributing educational materials. The Population Council measures the effectiveness of financial incentives to promote HIV/AIDS workplace programs. AIA provides access to workplaces through its clientele and rewards customers that comply with ASO standards with reductions in insurance premium coverage. Being one of the program organizers, AIA nevertheless has also participated itself in the study to evaluate its workplace standing of addressing HIV/AIDS. While they may have different responsibilities, each partner has its own interest in organizing the program: AIA: to control the market risks to its insurance business. The financial benefits rewarded to ASO-accredited companies encourages AIA insured companies to engage in the prevention of HIV/AIDS, which will result in lower claims related to medical expenses. Besides, provision of financial incentives also increase customer retention, as well as positive brand awareness in general. The Population Council: to assess the effectiveness of financial incentives in mobilizing the private sector to develop and improve workplace HIV/AIDS programs. TBCA: to promote a more active role among businesses regarding HIV/AIDS workplace education (staff and management training) and policy development. Project description ASO is a 3-year program developed by TBCA, AIA and the Population Council to evaluate and accredit participating companies of their provisions in promoting HIV/AIDS prevention and non-discrimination in the workplace. The program links improvements in Case study HIV/AIDS workplace program insurance industry (AIA), 2003 10
companies HIV/AIDS workplace activities and policies with a staged reduction in group-life-insurance rates. Depending on the score obtained through accreditation, an AIA insured company is able to receive up to a 10 percent premium reduction in insurance coverage. Companies that are not insured by AIA are also able to receive an ASO certificate, endorsed by the Ministry of Public Health, to publicly reward companies of their efforts. The certificate is valid for 3 years and guarantees annual monitoring to maintain or to increase the company s incentive for sustaining their workplace HIV/AIDS programs. Participating companies were evaluated on how well they met the ASO standards. Depending on how well they performed a bonus of 5 to 10 percent was available on the life component of the group insurance of AIA clients. Companies could qualify for the minimum-level bonus if their policies would comply with 3 key policy issues: 1. No HIV/AIDS testing for job applicants. 2. No HIV/AIDS testing for employees. 3. Continuation of employment of HIV-positive staff. Increases of up to 10 percent were provided, depending on the extent to which the HIV/AIDS workplace programs would meet measurable standards. Over the course of the project companies were evaluated twice, once when entering the accreditation scheme and once before the yearly renewal of their policy. Evaluation was done through 3 means: A. Survey of HIV/AIDS workplace policies/programs through management questionnaire. B. Survey of employees knowledge, attitudes and behavior related to HIV/AIDS through a self-administered questionnaire. C. Direct workplace observation. Based on the results of the baseline evaluation, each workplace was then counselled by TBCA on development and improvement of workplace activities. After implementing the appropriate activities, companies were evaluated in a second round. On the basis of the data generated in this second evaluation, total scores were accredited to each company and the appropriate bonus was rewarded. The ASO program focused on the evaluation of 6 criteria: Case study HIV/AIDS workplace program insurance industry (AIA), 2003 11
Policy announcement HIV/AIDS staff education Confidential procedures related to HIV status of employees. Assistance to HIV-positive staff. Involvement in HIV/AIDS community activities. Other activities, such as condom promotion and provision of counselling. The program ended in 2002 with an award ceremony recognizing 101 companies, including AIA that received the ASO certificate and accreditation status. To date, ASO is believed to be one of the most innovative programs that encourages private enterprises to tackle HIV/AIDS in the workplace Participating companies At the start of the program in July 1999, companies operating in Bangkok and Chiang Mai were recruited from a list of prospects compiled from customers of AIA and TBCA, as well as members of commercial associations such as chambers of commerce. A total number of 125 companies (Bangkok: 75 / Chiang Mai: 50) joined in the first year. Participating companies represented 3 different economic sectors: industrial companies (71), hospitality industry (30) and service sector (24). Larger companies were more likely to participate in ASO than smaller ones. On average, each workplace employed 666 workers totaling over 83,000 employees. Motivation for companies to participate A surprise finding of the ASO project demonstrated that financial incentives were not the only or main factors motivating companies to develop or improve HIV/AIDS prevention and intervention efforts in the workplace. For most companies, the motivation for improving their workplace programs was not financial reward, but a desire to provide a service for their employees and the surrounding community. The main reasons for companies to participate in ASO can be summed up as follows: Provision of benefits to employees and the society as whole (57%). Case study HIV/AIDS workplace program insurance industry (AIA), 2003 12
Management interest in results of company and employee evaluation, as data would indicate the extent to which their workplace is at risk of HIV/AIDS (30%). Benefit from financial bonus (11%). Findings ASO project The findings of the ASO project can be divided into 2 categories: results of the companies evaluation of HIV/AIDS workplace programs and policies (A); and results of the employees knowledge attitude behavior (KAB) study (B). A. Evaluation of workplace policies and programs Companies involved in ASO substantially improved their workplace HIV/AIDS activities and policies. The accreditation scheme linked to a reduction in group-life insurance rates was effective for those companies that were entitled to receive the financial reward (AIA clients). A comparison between the first and second round of the companies evaluation revealed the following findings: 82 Percent of the companies showed a significant improvement of their evaluation scores between the 2 rounds. In a majority of the cases this improvement could be attributed to compliance with 3 key policy issues: no HIV testing for applicants (1), current staff (2) and continuation of employment of HIV-positive staff (3). Policy makers improved their information of the companies HIV/AIDS policies to management and employees. There was a marked improvement in the companies ability to maintain confidentiality of the HIV status of employees. Companies assistance, such as non-discrimination and flexible job requirements, to HIV-positive staff improved. The proportion of companies with up to a fifth of their employees trained in the last year for HIV/AIDS increased from 25% to 33%, while 21% of the companies had more than a fifth of their employees trained against 11% in the year before joining ASO. The proportion of companies that had campaigns to increase HIV/AIDS knowledge, in particularly distribution of leaflets, promotion of condoms and integration of HIV/AIDS information into meetings and orientation days, increased substantially. Case study HIV/AIDS workplace program insurance industry (AIA), 2003 13
B. Evaluation of employees KAB ASO had a positive influence on the amount of information and training that the employees received about HIV/AIDS, changed their attitudes about the disease, as well as attitudes toward people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHA). A comparison between the first and second round of the employees KAB survey revealed the following important changes: Employees in companies that improved on their accreditation score were more satisfied of their companies HIV/AIDS activities and policies in the second evaluation round. Employees attitudes improved towards PLHA in general. They were more likely to share the same toilet, to eat together with them or to touch them in the second evaluation round. There was a marked improvement in employees attitudes about PLHA in the workforce. Employees working in companies that improved on their accreditation score gained a better knowledge about HIV/AIDS in general, as well as risk behavior. 5. Benefits of HIV/AIDS workplace programs There exist numerous benefits for companies to engage in HIV/AIDS prevention and intervention activities. In the case of ASO, different benefits can be identified for the different groups of participating organizations: 1) AIA (insurance industry); 2) companies participating in accreditation program, and; 3) implementing NGOs, such as TBCA. Benefits for AIA (1) The main benefit for AIA to participate in implementing the ASO accreditation scheme is the opportunity to improve its relations with its most important stakeholders: its own staff, customers and the community in general. Employees for example will appreciate the company s concern for the health of its staff and families. Customer loyalty will be fostered by the bonus awarded by AIA. Besides this, customers and communities will perceive AIA as a good corporate citizen, which will earn the company recognition and respect from the society it depends on. Case study HIV/AIDS workplace program insurance industry (AIA), 2003 14
A second benefit of AIA s involvement in HIV/AIDS prevention is the protection of current business interests and the safeguarding of future markets. One of the main reasons for the insurance industry to engage in public health efforts is to create a means to reduce the risk of paying increased costs related to (future) medical expenses. To be able to sustain its business and provide services to the policyholders, insurance companies strategy is to minimize risks by applying adverse selection. In health insurance, specifically, this means to have enough people who are not as likely to get sick to off set the number of those likely to get sick, who will consume high health care cost. By controlling the spread of HIV/AIDS in the workplace, AIA is able to limit future claims made for healthcare expenses in a group employees between 20 and 40 years old that is most vulnerable to HIV/AIDS and at the same time of critical importance to the success of the country s economy. AIA also benefited from participation in ASO because the results from the study helped the company to decide about future business strategies in integrating insurance products with social development activities, such as HIV/AIDS prevention. Further, there exist broader opportunities for companies working together in public-private partnerships, such as ASO, and benefiting from networking with other critically important stakeholders, such as government, community groups, valued suppliers and investors. Thus, HIV/AIDS prevention creates benefits beyond the single workplace and has provided companies such as AIA with Exhibit 1: benefits of HIV/AIDS excellent opportunities to retain and improve workplace management relations with important stakeholders, as well as to create a more positive reputation in general. (See exhibit 1) Benefits for participating companies (2) The participating companies benefited from the avoidance of negative occurrences, such as severe workplace disruption, a reduction in group life insurance and a publicly awarded certificate endorsed by MOPH. Other benefits include free training and Case study HIV/AIDS workplace program insurance industry (AIA), 2003 15
consultancy from TBCA and a potential positive enhancement of their image resulting from demonstrating good corporate citizenship. The community benefited through the increased knowledge that employees received that may be used to educate their peers and family members, which may reduce their risky behavior. Benefits for implementing NGOs (3) TBCA and the Population Council benefited because they were provided with access to HIV/AIDS related data, corporate decision-makers and large groups of employees. This not only help private and public partners in the fight against AIDS, but also aid in future strategies of engaging business in HIV/AIDS prevention, which results in the increase of awareness among workers and their families. 6. Lessons learned One of the main lessons ASO has demonstrated is that financial incentives can be used to encourage the private sector to develop and improve HIV/AIDS workplace programs. However, the program has also shown that, though a financial incentive was important, it was not the main motivation for companies to engage in HIV/AIDS prevention and care and support efforts. A majority of the companies wanted to join because they wanted to do the right thing for both their employees and also the community that they were operating in. Another lesson the program demonstrated was that recruitment of companies was much more time consuming and labor intensive than anticipated. Only 15 percent out of the 700 companies which were approached joined the project after repeated follow-up contacts. One of the most effective recruitment strategies was solicitation through the personal network of TBCA staff and board members. A third lesson learned is that if CSR efforts are not being perceived to be of sincere motivation, these efforts may create the opposite effect than originally was intended. Some companies viewed ASO as part of AIA s marketing strategy instead of a community development project and were thus reluctant to join the program. Future strategies will have to ensure that the offered financial incentive is not perceived as a marketing strategy for one particular company. One possibility of doing so would be the Case study HIV/AIDS workplace program insurance industry (AIA), 2003 16
extension of the program to other insurance providers. A majority of the contacted managers also indicated that they would be more interested in the program if the government were involved. Future government participation would not only add credibility to the accreditation scheme, but would also include a large number of state employees who can benefit from HIV/AIDS prevention and care and support efforts. Lastly, it can be concluded that ASO s strength lies in the effective means of raising awareness and disseminating information on HIV/AIDS to large groups of employees. AIA has the marketing know-how and tools of promoting HIV/AIDS prevention, along with access to large groups of clientele that otherwise would have been difficult to approach by NGOs themselves. NGOs possess the technical expertise and public confidence to attribute credibility to the accreditation program. This approach in which private and public sector partners compliment each other s efforts guarantees maximum effectiveness and increases sustainability. Case study HIV/AIDS workplace program insurance industry (AIA), 2003 17
References 1. TBCA. Evaluation and Accreditation of workplace AIDS programs: Phase II Project Proposal. 1999. 2. UNAIDS/WHO Epidemiological Fact Sheet. 2002. 3. The Prince of Wales Business Leaders Forum. The Business Response to HIV/ADIS: Impact and lessons learned. 2000. 4. Pramualratana, Anthony. Commitment to HIV/AIDS in Thailand: The American International Assurance (AIA) Thailand. Fifth International Congress on AIDS in Asian and the Pacific: Business and AIDS: A commitment to Action. Kuala Lumpur. October 23, 1999. 5. AIA Thailand. Doing Business and Making Contributions report. Case study HIV/AIDS workplace program insurance industry (AIA), 2003 18