1 Antennas Complete Technology for Antenna Simulation Edoardo Genovese, CST AG edoardo.genovese@cst.com www.cst.com CST workshop series 2010 February 10 1 About CST founded in 1992 160 employees world-wide distribution network focus on 3D EM simulation www.cst.com CST workshop series 2010 February 10 2
CST s Product portfolio CST MICROWAVE STUDIO CST DESIGN STUDIO CST EM STUDIO CST PARTICLE STUDIO CST PCB STUDIO CST CABLE STUDO CST MICROSTRIPES CST MPHYSICS STUDIO www.cst.com CST workshop series 2010 February 10 3 Our Markets www.cst.com CST workshop series 2010 February 10 4 2
3 A small selection... www.cst.com CST workshop series 2010 February 10 5 Antenna Simulation Different antenna types require different solver technologies. www.cst.com CST workshop series 2010 February 10 6
Transient Solver PBA meshing Broadband Linear memory GPU acceleration www.cst.com CST workshop series 2010 February 10 7 Frequency Solver Single frequency Electrically small Tetrahedral mesh Multiple ports 8 balun fed dipoles www.cst.com CST workshop series 2010 February 10 8 4
Integral Equation Solver Surface mesh (Iterative) MOM MLFMM method www.cst.com CST workshop series 2010 February 10 9 Antenna Types Summary Category Examples Typical Applications Solvers Reflector Aperture Wire (Slot) Patch Parabolic dish Corner reflector Rectangular horn Circular horn Ridged horn Waveguide array Dipole LPDA, Yagi-Uda Helix Printed antennas Discone Rectangular patch Circular patch Patch arrays www.cst.com CST workshop series 2010 February 10 10 Communication Radar Radio astronomy Radar Reflector feed Calibration standards Measurement Communication GPS EMC measurement RFID Almost anything else Radar Communication GPS Imaging 5
6 Aperture Antennas - Concepts Physical Principle: Simulation Aspects: Electrically moderate to large size Broadband Symmetry planes Curved geometry (PBA) HPC Recommended Solver: Transformation of guided wave to propagating wave by aperture field... www.cst.com CST workshop series 2010 February 10 11 Horn antenna example Corrugated horn 7-13 GHz 10 GHZ 69 sec 12 min www.cst.com CST workshop series 2010 February 10 12
7 Reflector Antennas - Concepts Physical Principle: Simulation Aspects: Electrically large d G 2 2 d 2 Farfield source Phase centre analysis Symmetry planes important HPC Recommended Solvers: Focussing of energy www.cst.com CST workshop series 2010 February 10 13 Reflector example 1. Field Decomposition 69 sec 30 sec 2. Direct Simulation Diameter: 17λ 13 min www.cst.com CST workshop series 2010 February 10 14
8 Wire Antennas - Concepts Physical Principle: Simulation Aspects: All sizes all solvers Tetrahedral mesh for wires Bending Subgridding Small details can be tricky HPC Recommended Solvers: L = λ/2 www.cst.com CST workshop series 2010 February 10 15 Wire Discone, 200-1200 MHz 2h 21min 5 min www.cst.com CST workshop series 2010 February 10 16
9 Conical Log Spiral, T-Solver Simulation times: 21 min www.cst.com CST workshop series 2010 February 10 17 Conical Log Spiral, F-Solver Simulation times: 21 min 24 min www.cst.com CST workshop series 2010 February 10 18
10 Conical Log Spiral, I-Solver Simulation times: 21 min 24 min 44 sec www.cst.com CST workshop series 2010 February 10 19 Patch Antennas - Concepts Physical Principle: Simulation Aspects: Planar or conformal Thin Sheet Technique F-solver for conformal Bending feature M-Solver for planar (soon) HPC Recommended Solvers: L = λ/2 www.cst.com CST workshop series 2010 February 10 20
11 Patch antenna example www.cst.com CST workshop series 2010 February 10 21 Time versus Frequency Domain 72 sec 31 MB 548 sec 702 MB www.cst.com CST workshop series 2010 February 10 22
Why is the T-solver faster? Rectangular structure aligned with hexahedral mesh PBA perfect for planar structures High density of surface current at the patch edges No problem in TD only few mesh cells Large number of 2 nd order tetrahedrons in FD www.cst.com CST workshop series 2010 February 10 23 Patch on Cylindrical Substrate 3 hours 30 min www.cst.com CST workshop series 2010 February 10 24 12
13 Patch Array on Conical Substrate 2,146,588 mesh cells (Subgridding reduction factor 7.87) Simulation time: 20 h 39 min 247,425 Tetrahedrons Simulation time: 2 h 50 min www.cst.com CST workshop series 2010 February 10 25 Conclusion Different antenna types different geometries different physical mechanisms different simulation criteria! Multiple solvers allow optimal simulation of many different antenna types. www.cst.com CST workshop series 2010 February 10 26
14 Workshop alle 14:30 14.30 in SALA MANZONI Uso del software commerciale CST MICROWAVE STUDIO per il design di un sistema di antenna, e l integrità di segnale di un PCB reale. Edoardo Genovese, CST Per dimostrazioni pratiche o domande siete i benvenuti al nostro stand www.cst.com CST workshop series 2010 February 10 27