Calculating Railroad Retirement Employee Annuities - Benefit Information

Calculating Railroad Retirement Employee Annuities - Benefit Information Many railroad workers and annuitants want to know how their railroad retirement benefits are calculated. The following describes the various components of a railroad retirement annuity, defines terms, and explains the calculation of each component. It also provides various tables at the end to help individuals understand how their annuities are calculated. The calculation of annuities is presented in general terms. For specific cases, please contact your local Railroad Retirement Board office. Addresses and telephone numbers of Board offices are listed in telephone directories with other U.S. Government agencies. They are also available by calling the Board's Help Line at 800-808-0772 or by visiting the Board's Web site at www.rrb.gov. Components of a regular annuity: There are as many as 4 components of a regular annuity: Tier 1 Tier 2 Vested Dual Benefit Supplemental Annuity Specific information about each component is shown below. Tier 1 Tier 1 is based on earnings an employee has acquired under both railroad retirement and social security covered employment. The calculation uses the social security benefit formula, but with railroad retirement age and service requirements. NOTE: Certain factors may differ for annuities based on disability. Tier 2 Tier 2 is based only on railroad earnings. It is computed under a separate formula that compares to retirement benefits paid over and above social security benefits to workers in other industries. Vested Dual Benefit The vested dual benefit is payable as part of the regular annuity if an employee qualified for both railroad retirement and social security benefits before 1975 and met certain vesting requirements. 1

Supplemental Annuity A supplemental annuity may also be payable to an employee who is age 60 and has at least 30 years of creditable railroad service; or is age 65 and has 25-29 years of railroad service. A "current connection" with the railroad industry is required for supplemental annuities. Eligibility is further limited to employees who had some rail service before October 1981. A current connection is generally defined as having at least 12 months of railroad service in the 30 months preceding death or retirement. An employee whose last 12 months of railroad service occurred prior to the 30 months before retirement or death may maintain a current connection if the employee did not perform any regular employment between the end of the 30-month period containing the last 12 months of railroad service and the month of retirement or death. For purposes of the supplemental annuity or survivors' benefits, an employee who was terminated involuntarily and without fault on or after October 1, 1975, after 25 years of service and did not thereafter decline an offer of employment in the same class or craft in the railroad industry is deemed to have a current connection. Terms used in Tier 1 The Railroad Retirement Board calculates the tier 1 component for annuities based on age and service using a number of factors. The following is an explanation of the terms involved. First year of eligibility For most cases, the Railroad Retirement Board considers the year the employee attains age 62, becomes disabled, or dies as his or her first year of eligibility. However, in cases where benefits (either full or reduced) are paid at ages 60-61 based on 30 years of railroad service, the Railroad Retirement Board deems the year the annuity begins as the eligibility year. Indexing Indexing is a process for bringing the actual reported earnings for prior years of employment up to the dollar value level of the recent earnings. Indexing year The indexing year is the second year prior to the first year of eligibility. EXAMPLE: For a person attaining age 62 in 2004, the indexing year is 2002. 2

However, an employee born on January 1 is deemed to have attained his or her first year of eligibility in the prior year. Consequently, the applicable "indexing year," "indexing factors," and "bend points" will be for that earlier year. Indexing factors To determine the indexing factor for a particular year, divide the average wage for the indexing year by the average wage in each prior year to obtain the indexing factor for each prior year. Average wage for indexing year Average wage for (year) = Indexing factor for (year) NOTE: Table 1 shows the indexing factors applicable to the earnings of workers who were first eligible in 2002-2005. The column entitled "National Wage Series" shows the average annual wage from 1951-2003. EXAMPLE: For a person who attains age 62 in 2004, the indexing year is 2002. average annual wage for 2002 was $33,252.09. To index earnings for a particular year, e.g., 1975, obtain from Table 1 the average annual wage for that year ($8,630.92). Then divide the average annual wage for 2002 ($33,252.09) by $8,630.92, which yields an indexing factor of 3.8526704. Indexed earnings For indexed earnings, multiply the employee's actual earnings covered under railroad retirement and/or social security in a particular year, up to the maximum earnings creditable, by the indexing factor to obtain the indexed earnings. Employee's actual reported earnings for (year) x Indexing factor = Indexed earnings for (year) (but not exceeding the maximum annual taxable earnings) NOTE: Refer to Table 3 for the maximum annual taxable earnings amounts. EXAMPLE: Actual covered earnings in 1975 of $10,000 multiplied by 3.8526704, result in indexed earnings of $38,526.70 for 1975. AIME The AIME (Average Indexed Monthly Earnings) is the quotient obtained by dividing the total indexed earnings in the benefit computation years by the divisor months. The amounts less than $1 in the quotient are dropped so that the AIME is expressed in whole dollar amounts. 3

PIA The PIA (primary insurance amount) is an amount determined by applying a formula to the AIME. The formula consists of brackets in which 3 percentages are applied to the amounts of the AIME. The dollar amounts defining the brackets are called "bend points," and the bend points are different for each calendar year the first year of eligibility is attained. NOTE: Table 5 shows the bend points for the years 1979-2005. Full PIA The full PIA is payable to an employee retiring at age 60 with 30 (or more) years of service. at full retirement age with less than 30 years of service. at any age on the basis of disability. Reduced PIA The retirement age for unreduced benefits is gradually rising from 65 to 67, depending on the year of birth. maximum annuity reduction for retirement at age 62 is gradually increasing from 20 percent to 30 percent. The retirement age for benefits increases as follows: If attaining age 62 in... Then retirement age is: 2000 through 2004 increasing from 65 to 66 at the rate of two months per year. 2005 through 2016 age 66. 2017 through 2021 increasing from 66 to 67 at the rate of two months per year. 2022 and later age 67. Reduced benefits continue to be available but at greater reductions. For employees retiring in the year 2000 and later at age 62 with less than 30 years of service Table 2 shows the age reduction increases required. 4

NOTE: Age reductions were required in the tier 1 component of 30-year employees who retired at ages 60-61 before 2002 and attained age 60 or completed 30 years of service after June 1984. The age reductions are applied only to tier 1. If an employee affected by this provision was born before 1938 and attained 60/30 eligibility after December 1985, tier 1 is permanently reduced by 20% if the employee was born on the first or second day of the month. Otherwise the reduction is 19.444%. For those born after 1937 who retired before 2002, the reduction ranged from 20.833% to 23.333%, depending on the year of birth. (In reduced 60/30 cases, tier 1 was rounded down to the nearest dollar.) In both cases, tier 1 is frozen until the first month throughout which the employee is age 62. It is then recomputed to reflect interim increases in national wage levels and will become subject to future cost-of-living increases. No reduction will apply if the employee retired at age 62 or older with 30 years of service, or at age 60 with 30 years of service and retirement is after 2001. Reduced PIA The reduced PIA is payable to an employee retiring as early as age 62 with less than 30 years of service. To compute the reduced PIA, reduce the monthly benefit by 5/9 of 1% (or 1/180) for each of the first 36 months the employee is under full retirement age when the annuity begins and 5/12 of 1% (or 1/240) for each additional month. EXAMPLE: An employee born in 1941 retires in 2004 at age 63 with less than 30 years of service. His annuity begins with the month he is age 63. The PIA is $750. This PIA is reduced by 17.778% (5/9 of 1% (0.0055555) multiplied by 32 months, with 32 being the number of months under his full retirement age of 65 years and 8 months). Subtract the resulting reduction, $133.34, from $750 to obtain $616.66. Use this amount to the exact cent. EXAMPLE: An employee born in 1942 retires in 2004 at age 62 with less than 30 years of service. His annuity begins with the first full month he is age 62. The PIA is $750. This PIA is reduced by 23.75% (5/9 of 1% (0.0055555) multiplied by 36 months and 5/12 of 1% (0.0041666) multiplied by 9 months, with 45 being the number of months under his full retirement age of 65 years and 10 months). Subtract the resulting reduction, $178.13, from $750 to obtain $571.87. Use this amount to the exact cent. 5

Determining the Tier 1 amount There are 8 steps in computing a tier 1 benefit amount for those whose first year of eligibility is in 1991 or later. They are listed below. Step 1 Determine the number of computation years to use. The number of computation years is 35 for employees whose first year of eligibility was in 1991 or later (it will likely be fewer than 35 years if disabled). Step 2 Index creditable earnings. Determine the employee's first year of eligibility. First Year of Eligibility Then multiply each year's indexing factor by the employee's actual railroad and social security earnings for that same year. 2002 through 2005 Use Table 1 and select the appropriate column of indexing factors. Earlier than 2002 Refer to previous section entitled Indexing year, Indexing factors, and Indexed earnings under "Terms used in Tier 1" for the formulas to use. Step 3 Compute the AIME as follows: Select the highest 35 years of indexed creditable earnings from Step 2, if the person's first year of eligibility is 1991 or later (it will likely be fewer than 35 years if disabled). Total them. Divide by 420 months (which is 35 years expressed in months). Round the result to the nearest lower dollar. EXAMPLE: For a person attaining age 62 in 2004, the highest 35 years of indexed earnings are used. If the sum of these earnings equals $500,000, the AIME is $1,190 ($500,000 divided by 420 months = $1,190.48, rounded to $1,190). Step 4 6

Compute the PIA. Determine the "bend points" for the first year of eligibility. Using the AIME, calculate: 90% of the first AIME bend point, plus 32% of the amount in excess of the first bend point but less than or equal to the second bend point, plus 15% of the amount over the second bend point. NOTE: Receipt of a pension from noncovered employment based, in part or in whole, on employment not covered by social security or railroad retirement after 1956 may cause a reduced percentage amount to be applied to the first AIME bend point. An explanation of this calculation is contained in the Appendix: Round the result to the nearest lower ten cents. Apply a cost-of-living increase (if needed) for each year between the first year of eligibility and the year of retirement. Round the result to the nearest lower ten cents. Examples of PIA computations: For retired employees who attained age 62 in 2004, the bend points are $612 and $3,689. Thus the formula is 90% of the first $612 of AIME; plus 32% of the next $3,077 of AIME; plus 15% of the AIME above $3,689. The following are examples of PIA computations for such employees who attained age 62 in 2004 with different AIME amounts: Example IF AIME is... Then PIA is... Based on 1 $600 $540 90% of $600. 2 $1,800 $930.96 rounded $930.90 3 $3,800 $1,552.09 rounded $1,552 90% of $612 ($550.80); plus 32% of $1,188 ($380.16). 90% of $612 ($550.80); plus 32% of $3,077 ($984.64); plus 15% of $111 ($16.65). For retired employees who attained age 62 in prior years, the bend points will be different and the PIA is increased to reflect cost-of-living adjustments between the year of attainment of age 62 and the year of retirement. 7

After the PIA is calculated for the year of attainment of age 62, apply the cost-of-living increases due for each year through 2003. The result is the 2004 PIA. EXAMPLE: An employee who attained age 62 in 2001 would receive cost-of-living adjustments for the years 2001-2003. The adjustments are cumulative, with each step rounded to the next lower ten cents. If the age 62 PIA was $600, the cost-of-living adjustments would be: Year PIA Multiplied by... Equals (rounded) 2001 $600 1.026 $615.60 2002 $615.60 1.014 $624.20 2003 $624.20 1.021 $637.30 $637.30 would be the PIA effective December 2003. Step 5 Consider if delayed retirement credits are due. Did the worker delay retirement past full retirement age or were benefits withheld because of work deductions after full retirement age? If yes, the delayed retirement credit is 13/24 of 1% per month up until age 70 for those who attain full retirement age January 1, 2002, or later with a birth date January 2, 1937, through January 1, 1939. For those who attain full retirement age in later years, the delayed retirement credit gradually increases every other year until it becomes 8% per year beginning in 2008 (earned in 2008 but payable effective 2009). Delayed retirement credits earned in a particular year are payable effective with January of the following year. (If earned in the year the worker turns age 70, the delayed retirement credits are payable effective with the month age 70 is attained). If no, go to Step 6 below. Step 6 Consider receipt of workers' compensation or public disability benefits. 8

For employees who are under age 65 and receiving a disability annuity, the tier 1 amount is, under certain circumstances, reduced for receipt of workers' compensation or public disability benefits. Step 7 Consider age reductions. Is the employee retiring at age 60 or older with 30 years of railroad service or full retirement age or older with less than 30 years of railroad service? If yes, go to Step 8. No age reductions apply. If no, the tier I benefit is actuarially reduced. The monthly benefit is reduced by 5/9 of 1% (or 1/180) for each of the first 36 months the employee is under full retirement age when the annuity begins and 5/12 of 1% (or 1/240) for each additional month. Refer to Table 2 to determine maximum reductions in the year 2000 and later. Step 8 Consider reducing for receipt of any social security benefits. Is the employee receiving any social security benefits (whether paid on the employee's own earnings record or on another person's earnings record)? If yes, reduce the tier 1 amount by the amount of the social security benefit. If no, this is the net tier 1 payable to the employee. Determining the Tier 2 amount Gross tier 2 The formula for the gross tier 2 amount is 7/10 of 1% of the employee's average monthly railroad earnings (up to the tier 2 taxable maximum earnings base) in the 60 months of highest earnings, times the years of service in the rail industry..007 x Average monthly earnings x Years of service = Tier 2 for highest 60 months of earnings Table 4 shows the tier 2 taxable maximum earnings base from 1973-2005. Example 1 9

An employee retired in December 2003 with 40 years of service. His earnings for the 5 years ending in 2003 (which were also his highest 60 months of earnings) were: 1999 $44,000 2000 $46,000 2001 $47,000 2002 $50,000 2003 $53,000 His total earnings ($240,000) divided by 60 equals average monthly earnings of $4,000. Multiplied by.007 (7/10 of 1 percent) yields $28, which when multiplied by his years of service (40) provides a tier 2 of $1,120. Example 2 An employee retired in December 2003 with 35 years of service. Her annual earnings for the 5 years ending in 2003 (which were also her highest 60 months of earnings) were: 1999 $55,000 2000 $58,000 2001 $60,000 2002 $64,000 2003 $66,000 As her earnings were over the tier 2 taxable maximums, and since only annual earnings up to the tier 2 tax base can be considered in computing tier 2, the following amounts would be used: 1999 $53,700 2000 $56,700 2001 $59,700 2002 $63,000 2003 $64,500 Her total creditable earnings for tier 2 purposes were $297,600, which yield average monthly earnings of $4,960. Multiplied by.007, this yields $34.72, which when multiplied by 35 provides a tier 2 of $1,215.20. Effect of a vested dual benefit Reduce the gross tier 2 component by 25% of any gross employee vested dual benefit payable. Age reductions Apply age reductions to tier 2 for those employees retiring between ages 62 and full retirement age with less than 30 years of service. The reduction is 1/180 for each of the first 36 months the employee is under full retirement age when his or her annuity begins and 1/240 for each additional month. 10

Full retirement age is gradually rising as mentioned earlier. However, if an employee had any creditable railroad service before August 12, 1983, the retirement age for tier 2 purposes will remain 65. No age reduction applies to employees who retire with 30 years of service. NOTE. -- Employees with 5-9 years of creditable service after 1995 are eligible for tier 2 benefits the first full month they are age 62. Their tier II benefits are subject to the same reductions that apply to employees with 10 to 29 years of service. If they are eligible on the basis of total disability, a tier 2 benefit is not payable until age 62 and that amount is reduced for early retirement. Determining the Vested Dual Benefit Amount Amount payable For employees meeting the vesting requirements, the additional amount is determined by computing PIA's based solely on the individual's railroad service before 1975, social security covered earnings before 1975, and combined railroad and nonrailroad earnings before 1975. The vested dual benefit is the amount by which the total of the first two PIA computations exceeds the third PIA computation. Cost-of-living increase Increase the vested dual benefit by the cumulative cost-of-living percentage applicable to tier 1 benefits that occurred between January 1,1975, and the date of retirement or January 1, 1982, whichever was earlier. The computed amount is then frozen; that is, no further cost-of-living increases are applied thereafter. Age reductions Apply the same formula for age reductions as used for the tier 1 component of those employees retiring at ages 62 through full retirement age with less than 30 years of service. No age reduction applies to employees who retire with 30 years of service. Determining the Supplemental Annuity Amount 11

Amount payable For employees meeting eligibility requirements, the amount payable is equal to $23 for the first 25 years of service plus $4 for each full year of service over 25 (up to a maximum of $43 (30 years of service) NOTE. For any fractional years between 25 and 30, a fraction of $4 is added to the minimum rate of $23. Effect of receiving an employer private pension If paid for by... Employer contributions Then Reduced by the amount of the pension based entirely or in part on the railroad employer's contributions. Exception: If the employer reduces the private pension because of the supplemental annuity, then restore the amount of the employer reduction to the supplemental annuity but do not raise it over the $43 maximum. not reduced for a pension paid by a railroad labor organization. Employee contributions not reduced for any part of the amount of private pension based on the employee's contributions. Appendix Railroad Retirement Employee Annuities and Pensions from Work Not Covered by Social Security or Railroad Retirement For employees first eligible for a railroad retirement annuity and a Federal, State or local government pension after 1985, there may be a reduction in their tier 1 benefits for receipt of a public pension based, in part or in whole, on employment not covered by social security or railroad retirement after 1956. This may also apply to certain other payments not covered by railroad retirement or social security, such as from a non-profit 12

organization or from a foreign government or a foreign employer. It includes both periodic payments, as well as lump-sum payments made in lieu of periodic payments. It does not include military service pensions, payments by the Department of Veterans Affairs, or certain benefits payable by a foreign government as a result of a totalization agreement between that government and the United States. The reduction in the employee tier 1 benefit for receipt of a noncovered service pension is not based on deducting the pension from tier 1. Instead, the reduction is built into the tier 1 benefit computation. As explained earlier, a tier 1 benefit is calculated in the same way as a social security benefit. In computing a tier 1 benefit, an employee's creditable earnings are adjusted to take into account the changes in wage levels over a worker's lifetime. This procedure, called indexing, increases creditable earnings from past years to reflect average national wage levels at the time of the employee's retirement. The adjusted earnings are used to calculate the employee's "average indexed monthly earnings" (AIME) and a formula is applied to determine the gross tier 1 amount. This benefit formula has 3 levels. Each level of earnings is multiplied by a specified percentage. The first level of earnings is multiplied by 90%, the second by 32%, and the final level by 15%. The results are added to obtain the basic benefit rate. For those first eligible in 2004, the gross tier 1 benefit is equal to 90% of the first $612 of the AIME, plus 32% of the AIME over $612 up to $3,689, plus 15% of those earnings in excess of $3,689. Beginning with 1986, a reduction in the 90% factor was phased in until, for employees subject to the noncovered service pension reduction and who became eligible in 1990 or later, the 90% factor is reduced to 40%. For example, an employee born in 1942 is eligible for a noncovered service pension and has less than 30 years' service. Her annuity begins with the first full month she is age 62. Her AIME is $1,800. She would receive, after the reduction for early retirement, a tier 1 benefit of $475.80, rather than the $709.12 otherwise payable. The following illustrates how these amounts are computed: Without reduction for noncovered service pension With reduction for noncovered service pension AIME is PIA is Based on AIME is PIA is Based on $1,800 $930.96 rounded $930.90 90% of $612 ($550.80); plus 32% of $1,188 ($380.16) $1,800 $624.96 rounded $624.90 40% of $612 ($244.80) plus 32% of $1,188 ($380.16) Without the reduction for a noncovered service pension, the PIA is rounded down to $930. It is then reduced by 23.75% (5/9 of 1% (0.0055555) multiplied by 36 months and 5/12 of 1% (0.0041666) multiplied by 9 months, with 45 being the number of months under her full retirement age of 65 years and 10 months). The resulting reduction, $220.88, is subtracted from $930 to obtain $709.12. Use this amount to the exact cent. 13

With the reduction for a noncovered service pension, the reduced PIA is rounded down to $624. It is then also reduced by 23.75%. The resulting reduction, $148.20, is subtracted from $624 to obtain $475.80, which is used to the exact cent. However, for employees with relatively low noncovered service pensions there is a guarantee that the PIA cannot be reduced by more than 50% of the pension. Railroad retirement employee annuitants also receiving a noncovered service pension who attained age 62 before 1986, or who became entitled to a railroad retirement disability annuity before 1986 and remained entitled to it in any of the 12 months before attaining age 62 (even if the employee attained age 62 after 1985) are not affected by the noncovered service pension reduction. Railroad retirement employee annuitants who received, or were eligible to receive, their noncovered service pensions before 1986 would not be affected. They are considered eligible if they met the requirements of the pension plan before January 1986, even if they continued to work. The reduction also does not apply to: Federal workers hired after December 31, 1983; Persons employed on December 31, 1983, by a nonprofit organization that was exempt from social security and became mandatorily covered under social security on that date; Railroad employees whose pension is based entirely on noncovered employment before 1957; and Also, railroad employees eligible for a noncovered service pension who have 30 or more years of substantial railroad retirement and/or social security earnings are generally exempt from the reduction (a year of substantial earnings is not the same as a year of service). Employees with 21 to 29 years of substantial earnings may be subject to a lesser reduction. The table below lists the amount of earnings considered substantial for each year: 1937 50 1 $ 900 1951 54 900 1955 58 1,050 1959 65 1,200 1966 67 1,650 1968 71 1,950 1972 2,250 1973 2,700 1974 3,300 1975 3,525 1976 3,825 1977 4,125 1978 4,425 1979 4,725 1980 5,100 1981 5,550 14

1982 6,075 1983 6,675 1984 7,050 1985 7,425 1986 7,875 1987 8,175 1988 8,400 1989 8,925 1990 9,525 1991 9,900 1992 10,350 1993 10,725 1994 11,250 1995 11,325 1996 11,625 1997 12,150 1998 12,675 1999 13,425 2000 14,175 2001 14,925 2002 15,750 2003 16,125 2004 16,275 2005 16,725 1 Total credited earnings from 1937-50 are divided by $900 to get the number of years of coverage (maximum of 14 years). The next table shows the percentage used depending on the number of years of substantial earnings: 30 or more 90 percent 29 85 percent 28 80 percent 27 75 percent 26 70 percent 25 65 percent 24 60 percent 23 55 percent 22 50 percent 21 45 percent 20 or less 40 percent Tables Table 1. Indexing Factors and Average Wages 1951 2005 15

Year National Wage Series Indexing Factors for worker where first year of eligibility is in 2002 2003 2004 2005 1951 2,799.16 11.4873105 11.7613570 11.8793102 12.1697045 1952 2,973.32 10.8144498 11.0724443 11.1834885 11.4568731 1953 3,139.44 10.2422152 10.4865581 10.5917265 10.8506453 1954 3,155.64 10.1896351 10.4327236 10.5373522 10.7949418 1955 3,301.44 9.7396348 9.9719880 10.0719959 10.3182096 1956 3,532.36 9.1029284 9.3200919 9.4135620 6.6436801 1957 3,641.72 8.8295695 9.0402118 9.1308750 9.3540827 1958 3,673.80 8.7524688 8.9612717 9.0511432 9.2724019 1959 3,855.80 8.3393381 8.5382852 8.6239146 8.8347295 1960 4,007.12 8.0244215 8.2158558 8.2982516 8.5011055 1961 4,086.76 7.8680471 8.0557508 8.1365409 8.3354418 1962 4,291.40 7.4928508 7.6716037 7.7485413 7.9379573 1963 4,396.64 7.3134985 7.4879726 7.5630686 7.7479507 1964 4,576.32 7.0263487 7.1939724 7.2661199 7.4437430 1965 4,658.72 6.9020718 7.0667308 7.1376022 7.3120836 1966 4,938.36 6.5112345 6.6665695 6.7334277 6.8980289 1967 5,213.44 6.1676782 6.3148171 6.3781476 6.5340639 1968 5,571.76 5.7710346 5.9087111 5.9679688 6.1138581 1969 5,893.76 5.4557396 5.5858942 5.6419145 5.7798332 1970 6,186.24 5.1977970 5.3217981 5.3751697 5.5065678 1971 6,497.08 4.9491187 5.0671871 5.1180053 5.2431169 1972 7,133.80 4.5073902 4.6149205 4.6612030 4.7751479 1973 7,580.16 4.2419711 4.3431695 4.3867267 4.4939619 1974 8,030.76 4.0039573 4.0994775 4.1405907 4.2418090 1975 8,630.92 3.7255379 3.8144161 3.8526704 3.9468504 1976 9,226.48 3.4850582 3.5681994 3.6039844 3.6920852 1977 9,779.44 3.2880022 3.3664423 3.4002039 3.4833232 1978 10,556.03 3.0461092 3.1187786 3.1500564 3.2270607 1979 11,479.46 2.8010743 2.8678980 2.8966598 2.9674697 1980 12,513.46 2.5696186 2.6309206 2.6573058 2.7222647 1981 13,773.10 2.3346102 2.3903057 2.4142778 2.4732958 1982 14,531.34 2.2127911 2.2655805 2.2883017 2.3442401 1983 15,239.24 2.1100015 2.1603387 2.1820045 2.2353444 1984 16,135.07 1.9928528 2.0403952 2.0608581 2.1112366 1985 16,822.51 1.9114163 1.9570159 1.9766426 2.0249624 1986 17,321.82 1.8563188 1.9006040 1.9196649 1.9665918 1987 18,426.51 1.7450304 1.7866606 1.8045788 1.8486925 1988 19,334.04 1.6631196 1.7027957 1.7198728 1.7619158 1989 20,099.55 1.5997781 1.6379431 1.6543699 1.6948116 1990 21,027.98 1.5291445 1.5656245 1.5813259 1.6199820 1991 21,811.60 1.4742073 1.5093767 1.5245140 1.5617813 1992 22,935.42 1.4019721 1.4354182 1.4498139 1.4852551 1993 23,132.67 1.3900177 1.4231786 1.4374514 1.4725905 1994 23,753.53 1.3536860 1.3859801 1.3998799 1.4341005 1995 24,705.66 1.3015163 1.3325659 1.3459300 1.3788318 16

1996 25,913.90 1.2408329 1.2704348 1.2831758 1.3145435 1997 27,426.00 1.1724211 1.2003909 1.2124294 1.2420677 1998 28,861.44 1.1141100 1.1406888 1.1521286 1.1802928 1999 30,469.84 1.0552999 1.0804756 1.0913116 1.1179891 2000 32,154.82 1.0000000 1.0238565 1.0341246 1.0594042 2001 32,921.92 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0100289 1.0347194 2002 33,252.09 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0244454 2003 34,064.95 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0000000 2004 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0000000 2005 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0000000 Table 2. Employee Full Retirement Age with Less than 30 Years of Service Year of Birth Full Retirement Age Annuity Reduction at Age 62 1937 or earlier 65 20.00% 1938 65 and 2 months 20.833% 1939 65 and 4 months 21.667% 1940 65 and 6 months 22.50% 1941 65 and 8 months 23.333% 1942 65 and 10 months 24.167% 1943 through 1954 66 25.00% 1955 66 and 2 months 25.833% 1956 66 and 4 months 26.667% 1957 66 and 6 months 27.50% 1958 66 and 8 months 28.333% 1959 66 and 10 months 29.167% 1960 or later 67 30.00% * A person attains a given age the day before his or her birthday. Consequently, someone born on January 1 is considered to have been born on December 31 of the previous year. Table 3. Tier 1 Maximum Annual Taxable Earnings 1937 2005 Maximum Year Annual Taxable Earnings 1937 1950 $3,000 1951 1954 3,600 1955 1958 4,200 1959 1965 4,800 1966 1967 6,600 1968 1971 7,800 1972 9,000 1973 10,800 1974 13,200 17

1975 14,100 1976 15,300 1977 16,500 1978 17,700 1979 22,900 1980 25,900 1981 29,700 1982 32,400 1983 35,700 1984 37,800 1985 39,600 1986 42,000 1987 43,800 1988 45,000 1989 48,000 1990 51,300 1991 53,400 1992 55,500 1993 57,600 1994 60,600 1995 61,200 1996 62,700 1997 65,400 1998 68,400 1999 72,600 2000 76,200 2001 80,400 2002 84,900 2003 87,000 2004 87,900 2005 90,000 Table 4. Tier 2 Maximum Annual Taxable Earnings Base * 1973 2005 Year Maximum Annual Taxable Earnings 1973 $ 900 1974 1,100 1975 1,175 1976 1,275 1977 1,375 1978 1,475 1979 1,575 1980 1,700 1981 1,850 1982 2,025 1983 2,225 1984 2,350 18

1985 29,700 1986 31,500 1987 32,700 1988 33,600 1989 35,700 1990 38,100 1991 39,600 1992 41,400 1993 42,900 1994 45,000 1995 45,300 1996 46,500 1997 48,600 1998 50,700 1999 53,700 2000 56,700 2001 59,700 2002 63,000 2003 64,500 2004 65,100 2005 66,900 * Earnings bases are monthly through 1984 and annual for 1985 and later. Table 5. Bend Point Table Dollar Amounts (Bend Points) in PIA Formula 1979 2005 Year First Second 1979 $180 $1,085 1980 194 1,171 1981 211 1,274 1982 230 1,388 1983 254 1,528 1984 267 1,612 1985 280 1,691 1986 297 1,790 1987 310 1,866 1988 319 1,922 1989 339 2,044 1990 356 2,145 1991 370 2,230 1992 387 2,333 1993 401 2,420 1994 422 2,545 1995 426 2,567 1996 437 2,635 1997 455 2,741 1998 477 2,875 19

1999 505 3,043 2000 531 3,202 2001 561 3,381 2002 592 3,567 2003 606 3,653 2004 612 3,689 2005 627 3,779 20