Heart Diseases and their Complications Health Promotion and Education Program Rev. 2014 2014, MMM Healthcare, Inc. - PMC Medicare Choice, Inc. Reproduction of this material is prohibited. MP-HEP-PPT-252-01-021914-E M&P-PRD-TEM-030-032511-S
Objetives At the end of the presentation you will be able to: Define what are heart diseases Identify at least two risk factors for the development of heart diseases Mention at least two strategies to reduce the risk factors
Pre Test 1. Heart disease affects: a) The lungs b) The heart and blood vessels 2. Risk factors to suffer from heart disease: a) Healthy nutrition and exercise b) Smoking and drinking alcohol
Pre Test 3. Normal blood pressure is: a.140/90 b.120/80 4. Some symptoms of a heart attack are sudden chest pain, feeling of pressure on chest, dizziness: a. True b. False
Important Facts By 2005 the leading cause of death in Puerto Rico was heart disease 54% of hypertensive patients have their condition uncontrolled Department of Health of Puerto Rico Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, USA.
The Heart Organ located in the thoracic cavity Its size is a little larger than the person s fist Acts as a pump that pushes blood to organs, tissues and cells of the body Blood pumped by the heart delivers oxygen and nutrients to every cell and collects the remainders
The Heart If the flow of blood to the heart decreases, stops or the rate of beats is altered, the person s life could be in danger As happens with a car engine, the way we care for our hearts will have an effect on how long and how well it will work
Heart Disease Hypertension Medical term for high blood pressure Without treatment, the risk of suffering a heart attack or a stroke increases
Heart Disease Hypertension The heart pumps blood through a network of arteries, veins and capillaries The blood in movement pushes against the walls of the arteries and this force is measured as blood pressure
Heart Disease Hypertension can affect health: Hardening of the arteries while it increases the thickness of the walls, this makes the artery narrower increasing the effort needed to pump blood Enlargement of the heart -the heart needs to work harder and its size increases
Heart Disease Health complications due to hypertension: Renal damage prolonged hypertension may damage kidneys if arteries that irrigate them become affected Ocular damage - hypertension can generate ruptures in the small capillaries of the retina causing ocular spills called retinopathy which may result in blindness
Heart Disease Blood Pressure Classification Table Category Systolic Diastolic Normal < than 120 < than 80 Pre-hypertension 120 139 80 89 Hypertension Level 1 Hypertension Level 2 140 159 90 99 160 or > 100 or >
Heart Disease Angina (chest pain): Known as a cardiac attack, this occurs when a sick coronary artery cannot provide sufficient blood to a part of the heart Occurs when the heart has a greater need of blood rich in oxygen (physical exercise)
Heart Disease Stable Angina Appears with exercises, emotional problems and tachycardia Pain is relieved with rest or vasodilators (NTG) Unstable Angina Know as pre-heart attack A sudden pain Is a medical emergency
Heart Disease Angina Generally appears as a symptom of a coronary artery illness
Heart Disease Angina People who suffer from angina have more probability of undergoing a cardiac attack than those who do not have coronary artery illness symptoms Angina can begin in the chest and move to the left arm, the neck or the jaw
Heart Disease Heart Attacks Many are caused by the total obstruction of a blood vessel called heart coronary artery
Heart Disease Heart Attacks Can be caused by: Blood clots that can start anywhere in the body and are transported through the blood stream Fat accumulation (plaque) that obstructs or narrows the passage of blood through the artery
Heart Disease Heart Attack Symptoms Sudden or intense pain Sensation of pressure, as if something is pressing down on one s chest Heartburn, similar to indigestion or acid reflux Shortness of breath Confusion Dizziness
Heart Disease Heart Failure Occurs when the heart cannot pump enough blood rich in oxygen to the cells of the organism The weak pumping of the heart allows the accumulation of liquid in lungs, known as congestion Slow process and its progression is due to the efforts of the heart to compensate in its weakened state
Symptoms of heart failure: Heart Disease Sudden weight gain (due to retention of liquids) Difficulty to breathe or intolerance to be laid down (agitation) Inability to exercise Chest pain Lack of appetite o indigestion Swollen veins in the neck
Physical Inactivity High sodium diet Family history Smoking Alcohol abuse High cholesterol levels Being overweight Risk Factors
Maintain a healthy weight Recommendations Consult with your physician if you gain 2 pounds or more in a day or more than 5 pounds in one week Limit the consumption of caffeine and alcohol Do not smoke and avoid second hand smoke
Recommendations
Recommendations Perform physical activity, at least 30 minutes, most days of the week Eat more fruits and vegetables Read the nutrition label of foods before purchasing them Learn meal recipes using foods low in sodium (salt)
Prevention Maintain a healthy weight Follow a low fat/ low sodium diet Perform some type of physical activity Quit smoking
Prevention Keep your total cholesterol levels below 200 mg/dl LDL (bad cholesterol) less than <100 mg/dl Avoid or limit alcohol consumption Learn to handle stress Identify time to do the things that you like
Post Test 1. Heart disease affects: a) The lungs b) The heart and blood vessels 2. Risk factors to suffer from heart disease: a) Healthy nutrition and exercise b) Smoking and drinking alcohol
Correct Answers 1. Heart disease affects: a) The lungs b) The heart and blood vessels 2. Risk factors to suffer from heart disease: a) Healthy nutrition and exercise b) Smoking and drinking alcohol
Post Test 3. Normal blood pressure is: a.140/90 b.120/80 4. Some symptoms of a heart attack are sudden chest pain, feeling of pressure on chest, dizziness: a. True b. False
3. Normal blood pressure is: a.140/90 b.120/80 Correct Answers 4. Some symptoms of a heart attack are sudden chest pain, feeling of pressure on chest, dizziness: a. True b. False
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For more information, call the Health Promotion and Education Program of Cuidándote Mucho Más: 787-993-2311 (Metro Area) 1-866-517-0701 (toll free) Monday to Friday from 7:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m.
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References 1. American Heart Association. What is high blood pressure? 2012. Retrieved on February 2013 from: http://es.heart.org/dheart/heartorg/conditions/what-is-high-blood- Pressure_UCM_308830_Article.jsp 2. American Heart Association. What is a heart attack?2012. Retrieved on February 2013 from: http://es.heart.org/dheart/heartorg/conditions/what-is-a-heart- Attack_UCM_308838_Article.jsp 3. Amy L. Valderrama, PhD, Cathleen Gillespie, MS, Sallyann Coleman King, MD. Center for Disease Control. Vital Signs: Awearness and Treatment of Uncontrolled Hypertension Among Adults - United States 2003-2010, 2012. Retrieved on February 2013 from: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6135a3.htm?s_cid=mm6135a3_w