University of Torino Interdepartmental Center G.Scansetti A Cattle Model of Environmental Exposure to Asbestos in the Lanzo and Susa Valleys: Fibre Accumulation Mechanism in Cow Lungs E. FORNERO 1,4, D. BELLIS 2,4, M. TOMATIS 3,4, L. BRUNA 5, P. PIAZZANO 5, G. SCHELLINO 5, E. BELLUSO 1,4,6 & B. FUBINI 3,4 1 Dipartimento di Scienze Mineralogiche e Petrologiche, Università di Torino, Italy 2 Servizio di Anatomia, Istologia Patologica e Citodiagnostica, S. G. Bosco, ASL 4 Torino, Italy 3 Dipartimento di Chimica IFM, Università di Torino, Italy 4 Centro Interdipartimentale per lo Studio degli Amianti e di Altri Particolati Nocivi G.Scansetti, Università di Torino, Italy 5 Assessorato all Ambiente, Regione Piemonte, Italy 6 CNR Istituto di Geoscienze e Georisorse Torino European Conference on Asbestos Monitoring and Analytical Methods Venice, 5-7 December 25
Geological environment AIRBORNE FIBRES ASBESTOS FIBRES anthropogenic activities (i.e. excavations) OUTCROPS ROCKS natural events (i.e. erosion) SERPENTINITE OUTCROPS
SERPENTINITE OUTCROPS IN ITALY Geological environment Valle d Aosta Piemonte Lombardia Trentino Alto Adige Liguria Emilia Romagna Toscana Basilicata Calabria Structural Model of Italy (1: 1.., C.N.R., Roma 1973) modified by L. Fiora, A. Borghi, L. Alciati & V. Zusi
MAP OF FIBROUS MINERALS IN SERPENTINITE OUTCROPS IN WESTERN ALPS Geological environment LEGEND chrysotile polygonal serpentine antigorite forsterite balangeroite tremolite actinolite sepiolite diopside brugnatellite carlosturanite brucite
THE FIBROUS MINERALS IN OUTCROPS CAN BE AIRBORNE AND RESPIRATED IF SMALL ENOUGH IS THERE ANY CORRELATION BETWEEN GEOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT AND MINERALOGICAL LUNG BURDEN????
MINERALOGICAL BURDEN IN THE LUNGS LUNG TISSUES FROM HUMANS PROFESSIONAL / PARA OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT????? LUNG TISSUES FROM ANIMALS NO PROFESSIONAL EXPOSURE
PREPARATION of BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES Chemical digestion in sodium hypoclorite (NaClO) Filtration of suspension on membrane USED INSTRUMENTS Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) with Energy Dispersive Spectrometer (EDS)
electron secondary SEM image of tremolite 2 M 2 µm ASPECT RATIO 3:1 EDS spectrum of tremolite
Mineralogical burden INVESTIGATED CATTLE LUNG SAMPLES SUSA VALLEY LANZO VALLEYS 2 samples 19 samples Average age: 9 years (3-16) Average age: 6 years (2-15) Sex: 2 male, 18 female Sex: 19 female
SUSA VALLEY samples age (years) Bardonecchia (VS65) 2 Susa (VS14) 2 SEM-EDS asbestos (ff/gdw) tremolite actinolite amosite crocidolite chysotile s.s. 83.4 SEM-EDS chrysotileantigorite (ff/gdw) 5.19 SEM-EDS not asbestos (ff/gdw) 3774 1557 Results Chiomonte (VS 4) 3 Venaus (VS21) 3 Chiomonte (VS36) 3 Bardonecchia (VS66) 4 Novalesa (VS11) 4 Oulx (VS39) 5 Salbertrand (VS45) 5 Oulx (VS34) 5 Bruzolo (VS8) 6 Cesana (VS67) 7 Oulx (VS62) 7 Oulx (VS58) 8 Venaus (VS72) 9 Exilles (VS64) 1 Mompantero (VS15) 11 Susa (VS1) 11 Bussoleno (VS22) 12 Venaus (VS2) 15 211.4 6.4 15.1 5.32 62.9 12.58 5.786 28.929 46.286 3.2 3.2 16.2 12.58 11.75 15.725 15.725 1.756 21.571 9.321 2.967 7.55 11.571 15.725 1.756 4.314 41934 151 41932 18875 3775 2516 167733 629 15725 16778 3924 27 2128 1175 26337 73342 37284 Average TOTAL fibres : 1.347 ff/g dw (15.725 422.8 ff/gdw) ff/g dw : n of fibres per 1 g of dry weight
LANZO VALLEYS Samples age (years) Corio (VL19) 3 Ceres (VL9) 3 Balangero (VL2) 4 Corio (VL13) 5 Ceres (VL14) 7 Coassolo (VL3) 7 Corio (VL4) 7 Cafasse (VL12) 8 Ala di Stura (VL5) 9 Monastero (VL15) 9 Balangero (VL17) 9 Balangero (VL18) 1 Coassolo (VL6) 11 Balangero (VL16) 12 Corio (VL21) 12 S.Gillio (VL1) 12 Groscavallo (VL11) 13 Corio (VL2) 15 Ala di Stura (VL7) 16 SEM-EDS asbestos (ff/gdw) tremolite actinolite amosite chrysotile s.s. 6.48 3.2 6.4 6.4 33.22 9.6 3.24 22.68 12.96 1.8 9.438 6.292 7.55 3.775 1.8 32.4 4.5 1.8 2.7 28.54 1.67 45.3 5.33 2.157 6.471 467.667 71.167 SEM-EDS chrysotileantigorite (ff/gdw) 972 3.2 9.6 21.14 1.8 3.146 7.55 21.6 28.35 12.58 2.7 7.135 5.33 2.157 162.666 SEM-EDS not asbestos (ff/gdw) 324 64 1812 151 1258 972 54 9438 11325 324 891 3774 18 63123 53689 7465 4668 Results Average TOTAL fibres : 96.626 ff/g dw (-742.168 ff/gdw) ff/gdw: n of fibres per 1 g of dry weight
Discussion COMPARISON BETWEEN VALLEYS fibres concentration (ff/gdw) 12 1 8 6 4 2 total asbestos chrysotileantigorite inorganic fibrous species not asbestos SUSA VALLEY LANZO VALLEYS
Discussion FOR BOTH VALLEYS MORE FREQUENT AND ABUNDANT FIBROUS MINERAL SPECIES TREMOLITE ACTINOLITE-CHRYSOTILE/ANTIGORITE FROM NATURAL SOURCES
MAP OF FIBROUS MINERALS IN SERPENTINITE OUTCROPS IN SUSA AND LANZO VALLEYS LANZO VALLEYS chrysotile polygonal serpentine antigorite SUSA VALLEY tremolite actinolite
Total fibres versus age Discussion 8. ff/g dw
More frequent and abundant mineral fibres (tremolite actinolite chrysotile/antigorite) Discussion 4. ff/g dw
CONCLUSIONS ANIMAL SAMPLES GOOD METHOD GOOD CORRELATION GEOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT MINERALOGICAL BURDEN
Conclusion TREND MINERALOGICAL BURDEN AGE A) TOTAL FIBRES OVER THAN 8. ff/gdw B) MORE FREQUENT AND ABUNDANT MINERAL FIBRES OVER THAN 4. ff/gdw
AKNOWLEDGEMENTS This research has been financially supported by Regione Piemonte - Assessorato Ambiente CNR Istituto di Geoscienze e Georisorse Torino is gratefully acknowledged