1.Agile Network: SDN Concepts + 3 Architectural Innovations

1.Agile Network: SDN Concepts + 3 Architectural Innovations Agile Campus Cloud Fabric Agile WAN Agile Branch Chip Network Devices Centralized control Network capability openness SDN Huawei Agile Network Solution Network virtualization Fully Programmable Quality Awareness Huawei's Enhanced Architecture Smooth Evolution Huawei Agile Network Solution architecture Based on Software Defined Networking (SDN) concepts and three architectural innovations,huawei Agile Network Solution is a next-generation enterprise solution that enables a swift and flexible network for services. The solution provides rapid service innovation (four times faster than the industry average), helping enterprises seize business opportunities amidst fierce competition. The Huawei Agile Network Solution encompasses four sub-solutions: Agile Campus, Cloud Fabric, Agile WAN and Agile Branch solution. Huawei's solution fully satisfies the requirements of new services, such as mobile applications, cloud computing, social media, Big Data, and the Internet of Things (IoT), bringing significant benefits to enterprise customers. Huawei Agile Network Solution Brochure / 02

2.Agile Network: Enhanced Experience, Efficient O&M, and Quick Service Innovation Network user Enhanced user experience O&M Simplified O&M CIO Software-defined services No mosaic, clear voice, and fast Internet access New experience for remote and mobile offices Automatic deployment of network resources based on users and services Automatic fault location Service evolution four times faster than through hardware Coordinated security defense Single-point defense versus coordinated security defense on the entire network Huawei Agile Network Solution benefits The agile network offers an unprecedented experience in quality and allows network administrators to optimize Operation and Maintenance (O&M) efficiency, and Chief Information Officers (CIOs) can introduce new, innovative services at unprecedented speeds. Enhanced Experience: Drops in service continuity, pixelation, unclear voice, slow operational response speeds are reduced, and enterprise intranet access rates in remote and mobile office modes are significantly improved. Efficient O&M: By leveraging the Huawei Agile Network Solution, manual labor can be significantly reduced. Network administrators are relieved from the difficulties of complex technical terms, massive network devices, tedious manual network configuration, and the heavy workload of manual network fault location. Quick Service Innovation: Enterprise CIOs no longer need to worry about introduction and deployment of new services. The agile network supports innovation by adapting quickly to the introduction of new services. The agile network also enables enterprise ICT systems to implement service evolution four times faster than the industry average. Huawei Agile Network Solution Brochure / 03

3.Fully Programmable: SDN-Ready, Implementing Rapid Evolution New Services/Functions Hardware-defined: Main functions cannot be expanded. Evolution period: > 24 months The fixed ASIC is used to forward packets. To increase the packet forwarding function, you need to purchase new devices. POF + open APIs Agile Controller Software-defined: hardware performance + software flexibility Functions can be flexibly expanded. Evolution period < 6 months The ENP is used to forward packets. New functions can be implemented through software upgrade or user-defined through POF. Control plane (CPU) Packet forwarding (ASIC) Packet forwarding( ) Control plane (CPU) Traditional switch Agile switch Comparison between traditional switches and Huawei's agile switches How can Information and Communications Technology (ICT) systems between enterprises be more competitive? How can enterprises quickly introduce new services and functions? The answer is a fully programmable architecture, which allows networks to quickly introduce and evolve new functions in a software-defined mode, much faster than traditional hardware-defined networks. The Fully programmable architecture is a unique feature of Huawei s agile network enhanced architecture. The core of this architecture is Ethernet Network Processor (ENP) + Protocol Oblivious Forwarding (POF). This enhanced architecture is the first to implement a rapid expansion of software-defined network functions, leading to more ubiquitous and innovative services. The solution implements a new network function based on both the control and forwarding planes. The SDNenabled open APIs claimed by many device vendors support SDN only on the control plane. Essentially, these APIs cannot implement new functions because packet forwarding is still implemented using nonprogrammable ASCI chips. Huawei is the first in the industry to implement fully programmable control and forwarding planes, allowing new services and functions to be easily defined software-defined in the real sense. Huawei Agile Network Solution Brochure / 04

4.Quality Awareness: Quick Fault Detection and Excellent Experience ipca (Packet Conservation Algorithm for Internet) Agile Network Automatic Quality Awareness Low user experience can be detected. 0 Wait Accurate fault location Notify the administrator Accurately locate failure points 100% potential risk elimination Quality problems Traditional network > 90% tolerant services Network is unaware of user experience degrading Slow Internet access Slow cloud desktop response Pixelation Low voice quality > 70% faults are difficult to locate Manual fault location: Several hours to several days Repeated fault occurrence Lowered user experience Comparison between traditional networks and Huawei's agile network Neither the traditional network by itself, nor the administrators, can detect network faults before receiving user complaints. Even after receiving complaints, network faults are difficult to detect and thus lay dormant on the network for long periods. According to Huawei's surveys, even though packet loss often occurs on networks where users are present, users are often unaware of the problem. As traditional TCP service traffic can be retransmitted, packet loss slows network access but does not interrupt services. As a result, many users overlook the problem, and, consequentially, it becomes more pronounced when real-time services, such as voice, videos, and desktop clouds, are deployed. Huawei's proprietary ipca technology enables the network to detect service quality and accurately locate faults. If a user's experience is damaged, the network can automatically and accurately detect faults and provide detailed service quality records. By leveraging this technology, administrators can easily detect faults that affect service experience. Huawei Agile Network Solution Brochure / 05

5.Agile Campus Network Free Mobility: Ultimate Experience of Mobile Applications Good experience for remote office and mobile office Network resource WAN/Internet User: xx Position: Shenzhen Network resource Beijing Network resource Shenzhen Silicon Valley Service mobility, auto resource allocation, enhanced experience Agile Controller Auto translation Auto deployment 1. Right 2. Priority/Bandwidth 3. Security 4. Storage Free Mobility Users today expect to work in a mobile office style anywhere and anytime. However, the fixed resources of traditional networks are allocated based on physical location, without much focus on user experience. As a result, remote and mobile office experiences are poor, and enterprise intranet access rate is rather low. By introducing the Agile Controller and agile switches, Huawei is the first in the industry to allow network resources to move with users, enhancing user experience and securing network resource utilization. The agile network is the first to make traditional networks user-friendly, while freeing employees from the constraints of the traditional network experience. Huawei Agile Network Solution Brochure / 06

United Security: Shifting from Single-Point Security Protection to Comprehensive Network Protection Performs Big Data analytics. Agile Controller Dynamically allocates the security resource. Security Resource Center NGFW Third -party security device 1. Collects security events on the entire network Security events include network and security device logs, terminal user behavior logs, and abnormal traffic logs. 2. Performs Big Data analytics The controller analyzes collected mass data and detects potential security risks. Collects security events. Enables security policies. 3. Quickly responds to security events Sends alarms in real time and recommends a response; flexibly delivers security policies and quickly responds to security events. 4. Dynamically allocates security resources Carries out resource pooling of security devices on the entire network and dynamically allocates the security resource according to area, user group, and security event, significantly improving the security protection capabilities of the entire network. United Security over the entire network Confidential information leakage is a serious security concern for mobile office, especially possible leaks through Wi-Fi access points and remote access points over the Internet egress. Traditional firewalls can prevent confidential information leakage at only single points but cannot protect multiple points on the network. To solve the problem of borderless security, Huawei uses a system consisting of An Agile Controller, firewalls, and agile switches to implement comprehensive security protection across the entire network. In this system architecture, security functions are not executed by the egress firewall alone. The Agile Controller collects security events, performs Big Data association analysis, and automatically applies security policies spanning the entire network. Huawei s agile network allows all devices on the network to listen for security events. When suspicious traffic or traffic from an untrusted zone is detected, the Agile Controller dynamically diverts the traffic to a shared security center for in-depth inspection and cleaning. When the traffic is identified to be attack traffic, the Agile Controller instructs network edge nodes to directly isolate the traffic or lower the traffic priority to prevent network threats. Huawei Agile Network Solution Brochure / 07

Wired and Wireless Convergence: One Network, One Device, and One Type of Management Authentication gateway Independent AC Wired policy control point Wired and wireless separation Traditional campus Wired policy control point Wired and wireless integration Agile campus Agile switch Integrated AC Integrated CAPWAP tunnel authentication gateway Wired and wireless policy control point Wired and wireless convergence Wireless-to-Wirde 1.An AP is virtualized into a switch port. 2.A unified NMS discovers devices and delivers configurations. Wired network + Wireless network=one switch Wired-to-wireless 1.Access switches are managed in the same manner as APs. 2.Access switches are plug-and-play Access switch=ap/aggregation switch=ac Wired and Wireless Convergence The Huawei Agile Network Solution implements an unprecedented simple wireless network deployment for enterprises through the following approaches: 1. By leveraging the fully programmable provided by the Huawei agile network, wireless functions are embedded into wired cards without the need for the deployment of independent Access Controller (AC) devices or AC cards. 2. The wired management and wireless management interfaces are fully integrated. As a result, wireless networks can be managed in the same way as traditional wired networks. Like wireless Access Points (APs), these access switches implement Zero-Configuration and feature a single learning, single management, and single deployment experience. Huawei Agile Network Solution Brochure / 08

6.Agile WAN Agile Controller 400M 30% usage Shanghai 400M, 30% (link usage efficiency) Beijing 1G 1G 1G 900M, 90% (link usage efficiency) Shenzhen Tianjin Nanjing 300M new services cannot be launched. Beijing Shanghai Centralized traffic control Preferential forwarding of high-priority services such as services marked in red Agile Controller Guangzhou Shanghai 400M 400M Shenzhen Hongkong Beijing 300M 1G 1G 300M 1G Shenzhen 900M, 90% (link usage efficiency) Agile WAN WAN leased link bandwidth cost is a key element influencing the experience of most services. According to statistics provided by leading Internet Service Providers (ISPs), data center leased link use efficiency is only about 30%. Improving inter-data center link bandwidth use is critical for reducing link deployment costs and enhancing user experience. Huawei uses the independent path control plane and Agile Controller to calculate the path according to network status to improve bandwidth use efficiency. Huawei provides network status and service priority detection to display service network characteristics, implementing path planning and calculation to increase link use efficiency on the entire network to more than 90%. In addition, high-priority services are scheduled first. Optimized WAN shows WAN links between the data centers in Beijing, Shanghai, and Shenzhen. A new service (requiring 300 Mbit/s bandwidth) must be provided between Beijing and Shenzhen. The bandwidth on this link (shortest link) is insufficient, preventing provision of new services; however, bandwidth use between Beijing and Shanghai, and between Shanghai and Shenzhen, is only 40%. To address this, Huawei introduced Path Computation Element (PCE) technology. Now, the Agile Controller centrally calculates paths, obtains the real-time status of each Network Element (NE), and automatically deploys the new service on the Beijing Shanghai Shenzhen link. The PCE ensures new service provisioning and raises the link bandwidth use to 70% or higher, significantly reducing customer OPEX. Huawei Agile Network Solution Brochure / 09

7.Agile Branch Enterprise branch networks currently face challenges brought about by Big Data, cloud computing, diversified IT applications, wireless broadband, and IP-based transformation of industrial terminals. As a result, the number of CT and IT systems keeps increasing, and branch networks become ever more complex. Service deployment, network experience management, and maintenance of a huge number of branches have become major concerns and challenges to branch networks, resulting in high network construction and maintenance costs. Huawei Agile Branch Solution uses a two-layer architecture: Agile Controller + Agile Gateway. Huawei's solution is the first to introduce the Agile Controller into branches, implementing unified deployment and control of branch network resources. The Agile Gateway supports a variety of functions, such as routing, switching, and voice of traditional branch gateways, as well as dynamic uploading of IT applications, implementing CT and IT system convergence and resource sharing. Agile Controller Software Repository 1 One-click service depioyment WAN/lnternet 0 Zero-touch local maintenance Agile Gateway Rranch 1 Rranch N $ Openness and VAS Agile Branch The Huawei Agile Branch Solution helps customers implement one-click service deployment, zero-touch local maintenance, and open and VAS provisioning capabilities. The Agile Controller performs unified orchestration of branch IT and CT services, as well as template-based operations, implementing one-click service deployment. The Agile Controller monitors branch services in real time and automatically troubleshoots faults based on health monitoring results, implementing zero-touch local maintenance. For example, health monitoring results show that the branch has a poor quality WAN. The Agile Controller can then be used to enable the WAN to accelerate application installation without manual configuration. The Agile Controller automatically delivers applications to the Agile Gateway. This solution provides open devices, networks, and applications, facilitating both the integration of third-party service systems and that into third-party service systems, boosting innovative industry-leading solutions and delivering economic benefits to enterprises. Huawei Agile Network Solution Brochure / 10

8.Cloud Fabric Cloud applications Cloud platforms Openness Connecting cloud applications Agile Controller VM VM VM Fabric Abstraction VM VM VM Connecting cloud platforms Cloud Fabric 2.0 Cloud Connect Connecting ICT resources CloudEngine Cloud Fabric To help customers tackle these challenges, Huawei has put forward an innovative Data Center Cloud Connect Solution in its Cloud Fabric 2.0. The major components of this solution include the industry-leading CloudEngine (CE) series data center switches and the Agile Controller. The Cloud Connect Solution aims to simplify cloud computing. Huawei's Cloud Connect Solution offers customers the following benefits: Connecting cloud services: being service-driven and allowing IT application administrators to easily schedule network resources Huawei's Cloud Connect Solution is service-centric and allows IT management personnel to easily schedule network resources, enabling the network to flexibly migrate to cloud platforms; IT management personnel can use service languages to define network requirements from the perspective of services. Different services have independent application framework views, and IT management personnel can adjust the application frameworks on demand. The Agile Controller can understand and transform three types of views: application framework, logical network, and physical network views. It can automatically transform the application framework view to the logical network view and deliver configurations to the physical network, implementing on-demand network resource allocation. Huawei Agile Network Solution Brochure / 11

Connecting cloud platforms: seamlessly connecting to mainstream platforms in the industry and unified delivery of ICT resources Huawei has been building an open cloud computing data center ecosystem. It has carried out cooperation efforts with well-known IT device vendors and standards organizations across the globe in Huawei's Cloud Connect Solution, featuring the following advantages: Cloud Connect seamlessly connects to VMware's vcloud cloud management platform and NSX network virtualization platform and builds a joint online network policy migration solution and a joint VXLAN hardware gateway solution. Couples with and connects to Microsoft's CloudOS and builds a Hybrid Fabric solution in Overlay mode together with Microsoft. This solution has been applied to large-scale cloud computing data centers. Connects to OpenStack and other mainstream cloud platforms, implementing unified management of network and IT resources. Works with Huawei's FusionSphere cloud platform to build an end-to-end Distributed Cloud Data Center (DC2) Cloud Fabric Solution. Connecting ICT resources: awareness between virtual and physical networks and unified display of resources Huawei's Cloud Connect Solution gives IT management personnel and network administrators a global view of the data center and displays virtual and physical networks in a unified manner. In this way, IT management personnel and network administrators can learn the global layout, utilization, and fault situation of their ICT resources. Lowered TCO: compatible with a variety of physical network technologies and smooth evolution Huawei's Cloud Connect Solution decouples logical networks from physical networks and shields differences among various physical networks (including virtual networks) as well as those found in other specific network technologies. This allows Huawei's solution to work seamlessly with a broad variety of physical networks, preventing device replacements from causing losses. Huawei Agile Network Solution Brochure / 12

9.Smooth Evolution to Agile Networks Mobility Cloud Computing Big Data Social Networking lot 1.Shift the focus from technology, device, and connectivity to services and user experience. 2.Shift from single-point security to united security. 3.Shift from Best Effort of the IP network to real-time quality awareness. 4.Shift from static configuration to dynamic, automatic configuration deployment. 5.Shift from hardware-defined to software-defined. Agile networks will bring the following changes, freeing enterprise customers from traditional network constraints: 1.raditional networks are centered on technologies, devices, and network connectivity. Agile networks focus on how to provide excellent user experiences and service innovations, without paying much attention to technologies, devices, and network connectivity. 2.raditional networks are centered on a single device. Agile networks focus on the entire network, providing integrated services and experiences. 3.Traditional networks cannot aware of poor user experience. Agile networks can be aware of user experience and service quality in real time. When the user experience is poor, the network can automatically detect it and accurately locate faults. 4.Administrators of traditional networks must focus on technological details, complex device configuration, and tedious fault location. Agile networks allow administrators to focus on user experiences and service innovations and can take over all manual labor. 5.Traditional networks are hardware-defined and evolve slowly. To implement new services and functions, devices on the traditional network must be replaced. Agile networks are software-defined and can evolve four times faster than the traditional hardware-defined networks, making it easier to quickly introduce new services. Huawei Agile Network Solution Brochure / 13

10.Why Huawei? Huawei is proudly backed by 20 years of accumulated experience in the IP field and a series of network products and solutions. Recognized as one of the world's leading network solution providers, Huawei has an excellent longterm plan for network development and a firm determination to invest in the network field. Most important, Huawei has world-leading research capabilities armed with world-class experts, rich experience in pre-research into network standards, and chip development capabilities. As a member of ONF, IETF, and IEEE, Huawei participates in SDN standards research, contributing greatly in areas of network migration to SDN, including product development and improvement in customization capability. Huawei now aims to provide intelligent, programmable, and open networks to customers through its accumulated carrier-grade network experience and innovative products. Huawei Agile Network Solution Brochure / 14