% of deaths % of deaths African Region Neonatal and Child Health Profile Department of Maternal, Newborn, Child and Adolescent Health (MCA/WHO) Demographics and information system Health status indicators Under-five population (213) [1] 2,656,389 Stillbirth rate per 1, total births (29) [2] Number of births (213) [1] 624,919 Neonatal mortality rate per 1, live births (213)[3] 29.3 Birth registration coverage [2] 14 Number of neonatal deaths (213) [3] 17,783 Coverage of vital registration on causes of deaths [2] - Infant mortality rate per 1, live births (213) [3] Number of infant deaths (213) [3] Under-five mortality rate (213) [3] Number of under-five deaths (213) [3] 55.8 33,757 87.4 51,474 Sources: [1] United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. World Population Prospects: The 212 Revision ; [2] WHO (213): Global Health Observatory Data Repository ( still birth rate originally published in Consens et al, Lancet 211); [3] UNICEF/WHO/The World Bank/UN Pop Div. Levels and Trends in Child Mortality. Report 214. 26. Under-five mortality: when, where, and why When: Distribution of under-five deaths by age-groups 65% 5 35% 5 35% 31% 34% -28 days of life 1-59 months Period of life -28 days of life 1-11 months 1-4 years of age Period of life Source: Calculated based on data from the UNICEF/WHO/The World Bank/UN Pop Div. Levels and Trends in Child Mortality Report 214 When: Distribution of neonatal deaths by day of life 4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 Days of life Based on 221 neonatal deaths
Deaths per 1, live births Deaths per 1 live births Where: Geographic variations in under-five deaths 2 15 1 13 18 118 133 135 139 151 157 159 5 Southern North-Western Central Copperbelt Lusaka Western Eastern Luapula Northern Why: Estimated* distribution of causes of neonatal and under-five deaths, 213 Post neonatal deaths (aged 1-59 months) Meningitis/ Pertussis, 2% Measles, 2% encephalitis, 3% Injuries, 7% Non communicabl e diseases, 7% No data Available HIV-AIDS, 9% Malaria, Other Tetanus, 2% conditions, 6% Pneumonia, 6% Congenital anomalies, 7% Neonatal deaths (< 1 month) Diarrheal diseases, 1% No data Available Birth asphyxia & birth trauma, 32% Injuries, 1% Other conditions, 13% Diarrheal diseases, 13% Pneumonia, 19% Sepsis and other infectious conditions, 18% Prematurity, 28% Source: CHERG/WHO/UNICEF for distribution of causes of neonatal and under-five deaths (published in Liu et al, Lancet 214). Notes: These are estimated proportions of causes of death obtained from models with input data from available Vital Registration data and population-based studies (for detailed methods and list of references please refer to Liu et al, Lancet 212). These estimates are not necessarily the same as those from the Member State, which may use alternative methods of estimation of causes of death. All Member Sates have undergone an official country consultation on the CHERG etsimation (documents available upon request). Rate of progress toward MDG4 24 2 193 188 175 16 159 169 12 127 97 16 115 111 1 11 8 76 64 64 4 44 42 4 33 31 198 1985 199 1995 2 25 21 215 U5MR IMR NNMR Target for MDG4 Year Source: UNICEF/WHO/The World Bank/UN Pop Div. Levels and Trends in Child Mortality. Report 214. Note: These figures are computed by the UN agencies through the IGME and are not necessarily the official statistics of the Member State, which may use alternative methods of estimation of mortality. All Member States have undergone an official country consultation on these estimations.
Morbidity and Nutrition Percentage of children aged 6-59 months with anemia Percentage of children under-five with symptoms of ARI in the two weeks preceding the survey Percentage of children under-five with diarrhoea in the two weeks preceding the survey Percentage of children under-five with fever in the two weeks preceding the survey Percentage of babies with low birth weight (47.8 % of all births had a reported birth weight) Percentage of babies with low birth weight (as perceived by mothers - babies not weighted ) Percentage of children under-five stunted (-2SD) Percentage of children under-five wasted (-2SD) Percentage of children under-five underweight (-2SD) Percentage of children under-five overweight - 5 16 18 4 11 45 5 15 8 Notes: Stunting = children under age five that fall below minus two standard deviations from the median height- for- age of the NCHS/WHO standard Wasting = children under five that fall below minus two standard deviations from the median weight- fo-r height of the NCHS/WHO standard Underweight = children under age five that fall below minus two standard deviations from the median weight- for- age of the NCHS/WHO standard Overweight = children under age five that fall above plus two standard devliations from the median weight-for-height of the NCHS/WHO standard Trend in nutritional status 5 53% 45% 23% 15% 6% 5% Under-5s stunted (-2SD) Under-5s wasted (-2SD) Under 5s underweight (-2SD) 21-2 27 Source: DHS
Outcome Indicators Coverage of maternal, newborn and children under-five interventions along the continuum of care 1 8 6 4 6 82% 3 48% 45% 37% 61% 68% 68% 67% 29% 38% 2 ANC (at least 4 visits) IPT during Last birth ANC visit (any) protected against NNT( ) Delivery at health facility Birth attended by a skilled provider PNC for mothers (<2 days of birth) Breastfeeding initiated within 1hr of birth Infants < 6 months exclusively breastfed Children 12-23 months fully vaccinated pneumonia taken to health pneumonia who received antibiotics diarrhea who received ORT Under-5s sleeping under ITN fever who received antimararials Trends in coverage of interventions for maternal and newborn 1 8 6 4 2 ANC (at least 4 visits) IPT during ANC visit (any) Last birth protected against NNT Delivery at health facility Birth attended by a skilled provider PNC for mothers (<2 days of birth) Breastfeeding initiated within 1hr of birth 1992 1996 21-2 27 Source: DHS Trends in coverage of interventions for infants and under-five 1 8 6 4 2 Infants < 6 months exclusively breastfed Children 12-23 months fully vaccinated pneumonia taken to health pneumonia who received antibiotics diarrhea who received ORT Under-5s sleeping under ITN fever who received antimararials 1992 1996 21-2 27 Source: DHS
Under 5 mortality rate Inequities Inequities in under-five mortality 2 15 Urban 1 Rural Highest Lowest Highest Lowest 5 Place of residence Wealth quintile Mother's education Inequities in coverage of some interventions along the continuum of care by wealth quintile 1 8 6 4 2 Any ANC Skilled attendant at birth Delivery at health facility Breastfeeding initiated within 1hr of birth Highest Lowest Under-fives with diarrhea who received ORT Under-fives with pneumonia taken to health Notes: *Lowest=No education; Highest= Completed higher secondary+ Input Indicators National health policies 1 Policy on postnatal home visit within 24 hours after birth 1 New ORS formula and zinc management of diarrhoea 1 Community treatment of pneumonia with antibiotics 1 International Code of Marketing of Breastmilk Substitutes 1 Availability of costed national implementation plan(s) for MNCH 2 Human resources and health expenditure Human Resources (26-213) 3 and Infrastructure Physicians per 1, population Nurses & midwives per 1, population Community Health Workers per 1, population Hospital beds per 1, population (26-212) Health expenditure (212) 4 Per capita government expenditure on health at average exchange rate (US$) General government expenditure on health as % of total government expenditure Out-of-pocket expenditure as % of total expenditure on health Sources: 1 WHO Global Maternal Newborn Child and Adolescent Health policy Indicator Survey (213-14) http://www.who.int/maternal_child_adolescent/documents/countries/indicators/dashboards/en/ 2 WHO and UNICEF(212). Countdown to 215, Building a Future for Women and Children: The 214 Report 3 The 213 update, Global Health Workforce Statistics, WHO, Geneva (http://www.who.int/hrh/statistics/hwfstats/)..7 7.8 7.3 2. 96 16.4 23.9 4 WHO (214). Global Health Expenditure Database (http://apps.who.int/nha/database/dataexplorerregime.aspx)