CITY OF LEE'S SUMMIT PAVEMENT MARKING AND SIGNING DESIGN GUIDE PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENT ENGINEERING DIVISION

CITY OF LEE'S SUMMIT PAVEMENT MARKING AND SIGNING DESIGN GUIDE PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENT ENGINEERING DIVISION

TABLE OF CONTENTS General... 3 Minimum Sign Mounting Heights & Lateral Offsets... 4 Typical Sign Spacing..5 Warning Sign Location...5 Location of Stop Signs... 6 Location of Speed Limit Signs... 7 Street Name Signs... 7 Parking Restriction Signs... 8 Traffic Circle Signing... 8 Mini-Roundabout Signing and Pavement Markings... 9 Single-Lane Roundabout Signing and Pavement Markings... 10 Multi-Lane Roundabout Signing and Pavement Markings... 11 Roundabout Lane Use Signs... 12 Typical Sign Spacing... 13 Warning Sign Location... 13 Lane Reduction... 14 Transition between Divided and Undivided Roadway... 15 Curve Signing... 16 Pedestrian Crossings... 17 School Areas... 18 Dead End and No Outlet Signs... 19 City Limit Signage... 20 Object Markers... 21 Sign Types and Sizes... 22 Pavement Marking Policies... 24 City of Lee s Summit 2 Pavement Marking & Signing

GENERAL These guidelines are intended to provide guidance to designers, inspectors, and maintenance personnel in order to standardize the permanent installation of traffic control devices within the City of Lees Summit. The details and information in this guide show the preferred types and placement of various traffic control devices for several typical conditions. The conditions detailed in these guidelines are general in nature and do not fully address all situations or scenarios that may be encountered on the City s street system. The information in this guide is based on the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD). All signing and pavement marking is subject to the requirements of the MUTCD and the City of Lee s Summit Design & Construction Manual. The practices contained herein are consistent with the adopted Public Works Policy and Procedure Manual. Legend: - Sign Location - Culvert or Bridge - Curb Ramp City of Lee s Summit 3 Pavement Marking & Signing

MINIMUM SIGN MOUNTING HEIGHTS AND LATERAL OFFSETS Sign Installation for Non-Curbed Street Sign Installation for Non-Curbed Street With Auxiliary Sign Note: Sign Installation for a Curbed Street Sign Installation for a Curbed Street With Auxiliary Sign 1. The maximum total sign area for one sign post is nine square feet (9 sq. ft.). A sign or combination of signs with a total area greater than 9 sq. ft. requires two posts. Signs greater than four feet (4 ) in width, except diamond shape signs, also require two sign posts. 2. In Lieu of city sign posts, mounting locations may include street light poles which are subject to the same mounting height and lateral offset requirements. City of Lee s Summit 4 Pavement Marking & Signing

TYPICAL SIGN SPACING If there is a need for more than one sign in a particular area, the signs should be spaced to allow drivers enough time to comprehend and react to the messages on each sign. This requires a minimum spacing between signs. The table below lists the minimum spacing between regulatory or warning signs based on speed (greater of the design speed and 85th percentile speed). In urban areas, signs are to be installed on property lines where possible. Speed (MPH) Distance Between Signs (feet) 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 100 100 150 150 250 250 350 WARNING SIGN LOCATION Warning signs should be located to allow drivers enough time to recognize, comprehend, and react to the messages on each sign. Certain conditions require different reaction time for drivers. Three different warning conditions have been generalized, which are (1) speed reduction and changing lanes in heavy traffic, (2) stopping may be required, and (3) speed reduction to complete a maneuver. The table below should be used to select which advance placement distance is typically needed for each type of sign. Advance Placement Distance Sign Series D 1 D 2 D 3 W4 W3, W5, W10, S1-1 W1, W2 The table below lists the minimum advance placement distances for warning signs based on the posted speed limit. Speed Limit (MPH) D 1 D 2 Advanced Placement Distance (feet) D 3 (Deceleration to the listed advisory speed) 10 20 30 40 50 20 225 100 50 -- -- -- -- 25 325 150 100 50 -- -- -- 30 450 200 150 100 -- -- -- 35 550 250 200 150 100 -- -- 40 650 300 250 200 150 -- -- 45 750 350 300 250 200 125 -- 50 850 425 375 325 275 200 -- 55 950 500 450 400 350 275 175 City of Lee s Summit 5 Pavement Marking & Signing

LOCATION OF STOP SIGNS Stop signs shall be installed at all intersections, unless they are controlled by a traffic signal or roundabout. The street that is Stop controlled should generally be the street carrying the lowest volume of traffic. However, several other factors may also be considered, including conflicts with pedestrian crossing activity, school walking routes, sight distance, and the distance of uninterrupted flow approaching the intersection. Multi-way stop control shall only be installed where designated by the City Traffic Engineer, based on the recommendations of a traffic engineering study. Yield signs shall not be installed at any conventional intersection configuration other than a roundabout. Stop Sign Installation at a Non-Curbed Intersection Stop Sign Installation at a Curbed Intersection Notes: 1. No sign, except a Do Not Enter sign, can be mounted on the back of a Stop sign. The Do Not Enter sign shall be of such size that the shape of the stop sign is not visibly deviated. 2. Stop signs should not be obscured from an approaching driver s view by poles, signs, vegetation, structures, etc. 3. The City does not install or maintain Stop signs at private driveways. (Private owners may at their own discretion) City of Lee s Summit 6 Pavement Marking & Signing

LOCATION OF SPEED LIMIT SIGNS Speed limit signs should be installed on arterial or collector streets immediately downstream from intersections with other collectors and/or arterials. Speed limit signs should also be installed any point where the speed zone changes. The speed limit shall be 25 mph on all streets unless otherwise established by ordinance. Speed limit signs are to be installed at regular intervals of not more than ½ mile. Speed limit signs on local streets may be installed near the intersection of a higher speed route and along continuous through streets that exceed ½ mile (at ½ mile intervals). STREET NAME SIGNS Street name signs should be installed at all public street intersections. Street name signs for private streets are installed where a named private street intersects a public street. In such cases, a yellow tag with black lettering that says PRIVATE STREET is included at the end of the sign for the private street. Street name signs identifying both cross streets should be installed on at least one corner of an unsignalized intersection. If the unsignalized intersection is a wide two-lane section, judgment should be used considering the installation of street name signs on two opposite corners. At unsignalized intersections on streets with three or more lanes, street name signs should be installed on two opposite corners. Street name signs can be installed above the stop signs so long as the street name signs will be clearly visible to all approaching traffic. See the signing specifications and standard drawings in the Lee s Summit Design and Construction manual for additional information about street name signs. City of Lee s Summit 7 Pavement Marking & Signing

At signalized intersections, street name signs should be installed on the mast arms. See the traffic signal specifications and standard drawings in the Lee s Summit Design and Construction Manual for additional information. Street name signs shall not include block numbers. Refer to the Street Name Policy for naming streets (Planning and Development Dept.). PARKING RESTRICTION SIGNS Parking restrictions are established by ordinance. The R8-3a sign may be installed along a street with a No Parking zone established for the entire street segment. Where there is a parking restriction for a segment of a street, the R7 series of signs shall be used with arrows pointing upstream, general and/or downstream toward the restricted area. Parking prohibition signs for non-segmented (street) general conditions (ie driveway, fire hydrant, etc.) are rare and shall only be installed at the direction of the City Traffic Engineer. City of Lee s Summit 8 Pavement Marking & Signing

TRAFFIC CIRCLE SIGNING Note: 1. See the table on page 5 for the value of D 2. City of Lee s Summit 9 Pavement Marking & Signing

MINI-ROUNDABOUT SIGNING AND MARKING Note: 2. See the table on page 5 for the value of D 2. City of Lee s Summit 10 Pavement Marking & Signing

SINGLE-LANE ROUNDABOUT SIGNING AND MARKING Notes: 1. A Yield sign shall be installed on the splitter island if the Yield sign on the right-hand side of the road is not visible to approaching traffic. 2. See the table on page 5 for the value of D 2. City of Lee s Summit 11 Pavement Marking & Signing

MULTI-LANE ROUNDABOUT SIGNING AND MARKING Note: 1. See the table on page 5 for the value of D 2. City of Lee s Summit 12 Pavement Marking & Signing

ROUNDABOUT LANE USE SIGNS Roundabout lane use signs shall be posted on all multi-lane approaches. The signs are to have black legend on a white background. City of Lee s Summit 13 Pavement Marking & Signing

LANE REDUCTION The number of through lanes on a street can be reduced by tapering down the width of a lane, or by designating a lane as a mandatory turn lane at an intersection. Lane reductions should be signed and marked as shown in the following sketches. Signing and Marking for Lane Reduction Taper Notes: Signing and Marking for a Mandatory Turn Lane 1. See the table on page 5 for the value of D 1. 2. See Page 24 for the location of pavement marking symbols. City of Lee s Summit 14 Pavement Marking & Signing

TRANSITION BETWEEN DIVIDED AND UNDIVIDED ROADWAY When a street transitions between divided and undivided sections, signage may be required. As shown on Page 15, a Keep Right sign and an Object Marker may be required on the median nose for approaching traffic. Warning signs should be installed in advance of the transition for both directions of traffic if the alignment of the through lanes is altered at a transition for a continuous raised median. Four-Lane Undivided Transition to Divided Street Five-Lane Undivided Transition to Divided Street City of Lee s Summit 15 Pavement Marking & Signing

CURVE SIGNING Changes in the horizontal alignment of a street may require curve signing based on the curve speed, posted speed limit, and the deflection angle between the two tangent segments of the street. Curve signing is only to be installed on arterial or collector streets with speed limits greater than 25 mph. The sketch and table below indicate which warning sign to use based on the deflection angle. Deflection Angle (Θ) Sign Series < 45 45-60 > 60 None W1-2, W1-4, W1-5 W1-1, W1-3, W1-5 If there are two alignment changes in opposite directions that require signing and are less than 600 feet apart, the Reverse Turn (W1-3) or Reverse Curve (W1-4) signs should be used. If there are more than two alignment changes meeting the previously stated requirements, the Winding Road sign (W1-5) should be used. Curve signing is not necessary if the curve speed is equal to the posted speed limit and there is continuous street lighting. Any alignment change with a curve speed that is less than the posted speed limit should also be signed. The curve speed is determined based on the minimum radii for low-speed urban streets for -2% superelevation as shown in Exhibit 3-16 of the AASHTO Green Book, 2004 Edition. The curve speed should be indicated on an Advisory Speed plaque posted below the warning sign. Curves that have an advisory speed that is at least 15 MPH. lower than the posted speed limit should also have Chevrons or Large Arrow signs posted on the outside of the curve. If used, Chevrons should be spaced as shown in the following sketch and table. The first Chevron at a curve should be located at the point of curvature. Chevrons should be installed at a mounting height of 5 feet using an adjustable bracket that allows the signs to be adjusted for each direction of approaching traffic. Curve Speed (MPH) Chevron Spacing (C) (feet) 20-30 80 35-40 120 45 160 At least two Chevrons should be visible to traffic approaching the curve. A Large Arrow sign may be used for curves where roadside obstacles prevent the installation of Chevrons. Curves that have an advisory speed of 10 or 15 MPH should have a Large Arrow installed for each direction of traffic. The Large Arrow sign should be installed at a right angle to traffic approaching the curve. City of Lee s Summit 16 Pavement Marking & Signing

PEDESTRIAN CROSSINGS Mid-block Pedestrian Crossing Notes: Pedestrian Crossing at an Uncontrolled Intersection 1. See the table on page 5 for the value of D 2. 2. Advance signs are only required if the posted speed limit is greater than 25 mph, on multi-lane approaches, or if the approaching driver s view of the crosswalk is limited. 3. See page 24 for the City s crosswalk policy. City of Lee s Summit 17 Pavement Marking & Signing

SCHOOL AREAS Typical School Crossing Signage and Markings Notes: 1. See the table on page 5 for the value of D 2. 2. Reduced school speed zones and school crossings are designated by the City Traffic Engineer, based on the recommendations of a traffic engineering study. 3. Reduced school speed zone signage should be installed with a yellow flashing beacon installed above and below the signs. 4. It is City policy to install the School Warning sign with the School plaque on arterial and collector streets in advance of any elementary school. The signs should be installed roughly 100 feet in advance of the school s property line. 5. The use of School Advance Crossing Assembly is optional within a signed school zone. 6. See page 24 for the City s crosswalk policy. City of Lee s Summit 18 Pavement Marking & Signing

DEAD END AND NO OUTLET SIGNS Dead End or No Outlet signs are to be installed where a non-through street intersects an arterial or collector street. Dead End signs are used where there is no area provided for vehicles to turn around. No Outlet signs are used if there is sufficient area provided for vehicles to turn around. Notes: 1. A 9 tall sign is to be installed for each direction of traffic above the street name signs. 2. The diamond shape sign is only used if traffic approaching the intersection from some direction cannot clearly see the 9 signs above the street name sign. City of Lee s Summit 19 Pavement Marking & Signing

CITY LIMIT SIGNAGE At each location where an arterial street enters the City a City Limit sign and Default Speed Limit sign should be installed at the City Limit. The details of the signs are shown below. The two signs are to be installed on the same sign post. The City Limit sign is to have white legend on green background. The Default Speed Limit sign is to have black legend on a white background. A Speed Limit sign indicating the posted speed limit should be installed just beyond the City Limits sign if the posted limit is greater than 25 mph. City of Lee s Summit 20 Pavement Marking & Signing

OBJECT MARKERS Type OM1-3 Object Markers (size 18 x 18 ) are used to delineate medians or islands within the roadway. Typically OM1-3 markers are to be installed below a Keep Right symbol sign (R4-7, size 24 x 30 ) on the first median encountered by through traffic on a previously undivided roadway. No object markers or signs are to be installed on raised medians on local streets. Type OM-3 Object Markers (size 12 x 36 ) are used to delineate fixed objects adjacent to the edge of the roadway or at the narrowing of a roadway. Typical fixed objects include bridge structures, culverts, or abrupt drop-offs. Diagonals should point downward toward the edge of pavement. Type OM4-3 Object Markers (size 18 x 18 ) are to be installed at the termination of a road that does not have a cul-de-sac as shown below. City of Lee s Summit 21 Pavement Marking & Signing

SIGN TYPES AND SIZES -- REGULATORY SIGNS Sign MUTCD Code Size Sign MUTCD Code Size Stop R1-1 30 x 30 No Parking R8-3a 12 x 12 Yield R1-2 x 36 All-Way R1-3P 18 x 6 Speed Limit R2-1 24 x 30 Turn Prohibition Mandatory Lane Control Two-Way Left- Turn Lane R3-1,2,4 24 x 24 R3-7 30 x 30 R3-9b 24 x 36 Pedestrian Traffic Signal Stop Here on Red Do Not Block Intersection Left Turn Signal No Turn on Red Left Turn Yield on Green R10-3e Series 9 x 15" R10-6 24 x 36 R10-7 24 x 30 R10-10 30 x 36 R10-11 24 x 30 R10-12 30 x 36 Keep Right R4-7 24 x 30 Road Closed R11-2 48 x 30 Do Not Enter R5-1 30 x 30 Weight Limit R12-1 24 x 30 One Way R6-1 36 x 12 Truck Route R14-1 24 x 18 Parking Restriction R7 series (w/ arrows) 12 x 18 Railroad Crossbuck R15-1 48 x 9 Van Accessable R7-8a 12 x 6 Directional Arrows M Series 21 x 15 A size Stop sign should be installed when a Do Not Enter sign is mounted on the back of the Stop sign. A 48 x 48 size Stop sign should be installed when it is used to control an arterial street with more than one approach lane. The All Way plaque should be 30 x 12 size when it is installed below a 48 x 48 Stop sign. SIGN TYPES AND SIZES -- SCHOOL SIGNS Sign MUTCD Code Size Sign MUTCD Code Size School Advance Warning S1-1 When Flashing S4-4P 24 x 10 School Bus Stop Ahead S3-1 36 x 30 School Speed Limit Assembly S5-1 24 x 48 School plaque S4-3P 24 x 8 End School Speed Limit S5-3 24 x 30 Sign should have a fluorescent yellow-green background color instead of yellow. City of Lee s Summit 22 Pavement Marking & Signing

SIGN TYPES AND SIZES -- WARNING SIGNS Sign MUTCD Code Size Sign MUTCD Code Size Turn W1-1 Curve W1-2 Reverse Turn W1-3 Reverse Curve W1-4 Winding Road W1-5 Large Arrow(s) W1-6,7 48 x 24 Chevron W1-8 18 x 24 Cross Road W2-1 Side Road W2-2 T-Symbol W2-4 Circular Intersection W2-6 Stop Ahead W3-1 Yield Ahead W3-2 Signal Ahead W3-3 Lane Reduction Cross Traffic Does Not Stop Thru Traffic Merge Left (Right) Road Narrows Narrow Bridge One Lane Bridge Divided Roadway Divided Roadway Ends Shoulder Drop-Off Lane Ends Merge Left (Right) Railroad Crossing Bicycle Crossing Pedestrian Crossing Deer Crossing Emergency Vehicle W6-2 W8-9a W9-2 W10-1 36 Diameter W11-1 W11-2 W11-3 W11-8 Double Arrow W12-1 Low Clearance Low Clearance Advisory Speed W12-2 W12-2p 78 x 24 W13-1 18 x 18 Dead End W14-1 30 x 30 Dead End W14-1a 36 x 9 W4-2 No Outlet W14-2 30 x 30 W4-4p 24 x 12 or 36 x 18 W4-7 W5-1 No Outlet W14-2a 36 x 9 Share the Road Diagonal Down Arrow W16-1p 18 x 24 W16-7p 24 x 12 W5-2 Ahead plaque W16-9p 24 x 12 W5-3 Traffic Circle W16-12p 24 x 18 W6-1 Speed Hump W17-1 30 x 30 The symbol type sign should be used instead of the word message sign. Sign should have a fluorescent yellow-green background color instead of yellow when used in conjunction with a school sign. City of Lee s Summit 23 Pavement Marking & Signing

PAVEMENT MARKING POLICY The following policies shall be used to determine where pavement markings are to be installed. The types of materials, typical layouts, and sizes of markings are shown in the Pavement Marking Specifications and Standard Details in the City of Lee s Summit Design & Construction Manual. Edge Lines Edge lines shall be installed on all non-curbed streets. Edge lines shall be continuous through driveways. Center Lines Center lines are to be installed on all arterial streets. Center lines shall also be installed on all collector streets with speed limits greater than 25 mph, and/or with more than two lanes. However, centerlines shall not be installed on any street with a width of less than 20 feet. Crosswalks Crosswalks shall be installed only where there are curb ramps on both sides of a street. Crosswalks are to be installed where sidewalks cross streets at the following locations: o o o o Signalized, multi-way stop, and roundabout intersections; where multi-use paths cross streets; at school crossings on established school walking routes; and at mid-block crossings designated by the City Traffic Engineer School crosswalks, mid-block crosswalks, and roundabout crosswalks shall be Type 2 crosswalks (2 foot wide longitudinal stripes with 2 to 3 foot gaps). All other crosswalks shall be Type 1 crosswalks (6 inch transverse lines spaced at least 6 feet apart). Diagonal Lines Diagonal lines are to be installed between centerlines if the width of the area between the center lines is greater than 12 feet and/or the length of the area between center lines is greater than 250 feet. Diagonal lines should be spaced at increments, equal to the posted speed limit. Stop Lines Stop lines shall be installed on all signalized intersection approaches, at marked crosswalks that are stop controlled, and where streets with center lines are stop controlled. Symbols Arrow symbols shall be installed in all lanes where a turning movement is required. Symbols shall be spaced as shown in the figure below. When a through lane of traffic terminates as a mandatory turn lane, arrow and ONLY" symbols should be marked in the turn lane, in alternating order. The first and last symbols should be arrows. City of Lee s Summit 24 Pavement Marking & Signing