CANCER of TRACHEA, BRONCHUS, LUNG, PLEURA

CANCER of TRACHEA, BRONCHUS, LUNG, PLEURA Data Highlights There were 10,025 cases of cancer of the trachea, bronchus, lung and pleura diagnosed among Pennsylvania residents in 1996, the highest annual number ever recorded by the Pennsylvania Cancer Registry. The 1996 age-adjusted incidence rate was 85.1 per 100,000 for males and 42.4 for females. National Cancer Institute SEER rates (for invasive lung and bronchus cases) for 1996 were lower for males (70.0) but similar for females (42.3). In Pennsylvania, the average annual (1992-96) age-adjusted incidence rate for black males (122.3) was 51 percent higher than the corresponding rate of 81.0 for white males. This major cancer site accounted for the second largest number of cancer cases among males (6,025) and females (4,000) in 1996. The annual age-adjusted incidence rates for white males from 1987 through 1996 have remained fairly stable while the rates have been on the increase for black males since 1993 and for both white and black females since 1988/89. During the period of 1992-96, almost 69 percent of the cases were diagnosed among residents age 65 years of age or older. Black males had the highest average annual (1992-96) incidence rates for nearly every age group. Almost 74 percent of all cancers of the trachea, bronchus, lung and pleura reported for 1996 were diagnosed at the regional or distant stages of the disease. Because lung cancer is very difficult to detect early, survival is poor, and mortality rates in the population approach the incidence rates. The 1992-96 average annual age-adjusted death rate was 48.0, compared to 58.6 for the corresponding incidence rate. In 1996, almost 32 percent of all cancer deaths in males were from lung cancer (4,977) while the proportion was over 21 percent (3,137) in females, making this site the leading cause of cancer mortality in 1996. Cigarette smoking accounted for about 85 percent of these deaths. The annual age-adjusted mortality rates from 1987 to 1996 showed increases among females of both races and declines among males of both races. FIGURE 9 Average Annual Age-Adjusted Incidence and Mortality Rates* by Sex and Race, Incidence Mortality Race/Sex All Cases/Deaths All Males All Females 58.6 48.0 70.3 67.6 40.0 32.0 38.7 30.8 55.6 47.5 84.0 81.0 109.6 122.3 Risk Factors Cigarette, cigar and pipe smoking. Diet low in vitamin A is suggestive. Family history of cancers of the trachea, bronchus, lung and pleura. 0 25 50 75 100 125 Age-Adjusted Rate Early Detection Neither sputum cytology nor x-rays have proven to be effective. *per 100,000 1970 U.S. standard million population. Exposure to ionizing radiation, asbestos, mustard gas, nickel, polycyclic hydrocarbons, chromium, inorganic arsenic or chloromenthyl ethers. Pennsylvania Department of Health - Pennsylvania Cancer Incidence and Mortality 1992-1996 - Page 84

Cancer of the Trachea, Bronchus, Lung, Pleura: INCIDENCE TABLE 9-A Number of Cancer Cases, Age-Adjusted Incidence Rates and Range for 95% Confidence Intervals by Sex, Race and Year, Pennsylvania Residents, 1987-1996 All Cases* All Races* White Black All Races* White Black Year No. Rate CI+/- No. Rate CI+/- No. Rate CI+/- No. Rate CI+/- No. Rate CI+/- No. Rate CI+/- No. Rate CI+/- 1996 10,025 60.5 1.2 6,025 85.1 2.1 5,389 81.7 2.2 570 128.3 10.5 4,000 42.4 1.3 3,574 40.8 1.3 392 60.0 5.9 1995 9,888 60.0 1.2 6,028 85.4 2.2 5,409 82.0 2.2 566 127.1 10.5 3,860 41.3 1.3 3,482 40.2 1.3 355 54.5 5.7 1994 9,465 58.2 1.2 5,766 82.8 2.1 5,181 79.6 2.2 537 123.6 10.5 3,699 40.3 1.3 3,337 39.0 1.3 340 53.8 5.7 1993 9,391 58.1 1.2 5,821 84.3 2.2 5,272 82.0 2.2 516 117.6 10.1 3,570 39.0 1.3 3,182 37.5 1.3 369 57.5 5.9 1992 8,971 56.3 1.2 5,631 82.4 2.2 5,088 79.8 2.2 505 115.4 10.1 3,340 37.1 1.3 2,998 35.8 1.3 326 51.9 5.6 1991 8,950 56.7 1.2 5,611 82.9 2.2 5,008 79.4 2.2 560 128.3 10.6 3,339 37.7 1.3 2,993 36.5 1.3 334 53.1 5.7 1990 8,748 56.0 1.2 5,591 83.7 2.2 5,044 81.2 2.2 515 121.2 10.5 3,157 35.9 1.3 2,858 34.9 1.3 285 47.9 5.6 1989 8,559 57.0 1.2 5,502 86.0 2.3 4,969 83.3 2.3 490 115.5 10.2 3,057 35.8 1.3 2,767 35.0 1.3 274 44.6 5.3 1988 8,508 56.9 1.2 5,571 87.0 2.3 4,980 83.3 2.3 552 130.8 10.9 2,937 34.9 1.3 2,666 34.2 1.3 250 41.6 5.2 1987 8,104 54.6 1.2 5,392 84.7 2.3 4,850 81.7 2.3 500 118.3 10.4 2,712 32.3 1.2 2,436 31.3 1.2 254 42.2 5.2 * Includes any unknowns. NOTES: Age-adjusted rates are per 100,000 and are computed by the direct method using the 1970 U.S. standard million population. Rates based on less than 20 events are considered statistically unreliable. The value of CI+/- added to and subtracted from the age-adjusted rate = 95% confidence interval. The value of CI+/- was calculated using a formula for estimating the standard error or SE (see Technical Notes). 140 FIGURE 9-A Age-Adjusted Incidence Rates by Sex and Race Pennsylvania Residents, 1987-1996 120 100 Rate per 100,000 80 60 40 20 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 Year Pennsylvania Department of Health - Pennsylvania Cancer Incidence and Mortality 1992-1996 - Page 85

Cancer of the Trachea, Bronchus, Lung, Pleura: INCIDENCE TABLE 9-B Average Annual Age-Specific Incidence Rates by Sex and Race Age Group All Cases All Races White Black All Races White Black Total 79.3 101.2 102.1 99.5 59.1 59.6 58.4 Under 5 0.0 - - - 0.1-0.7 5-9 0.0 0.0 0.1 - - - - 10-14 0.1 - - - 0.2 0.2-15-19 0.1 0.1 0.2-0.1 0.1 0.4 20-24 0.4 0.4 0.5-0.3 0.2 0.9 25-29 0.6 0.8 0.7 1.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 30-34 2.1 2.4 1.8 7.2 1.9 2.0 1.7 35-39 5.8 6.4 5.3 14.6 5.3 5.0 7.2 40-44 15.4 16.4 14.1 40.6 14.3 13.4 23.9 45-49 36.2 43.7 39.8 95.2 29.1 27.5 49.4 50-54 76.1 93.8 88.8 160.5 59.7 55.7 105.1 55-59 138.6 183.8 172.4 335.7 98.0 92.9 153.7 60-64 225.2 310.6 297.3 483.1 151.9 145.6 227.3 65-69 334.7 478.9 464.3 671.0 220.4 216.0 270.8 70-74 393.5 585.3 569.7 781.7 255.0 248.7 340.5 75-79 389.6 606.2 597.9 727.7 252.7 249.2 291.9 80-84 330.2 553.1 549.2 600.2 210.5 209.1 231.9 85+ 188.6 365.4 365.3 363.7 118.3 116.6 139.0 NOTE: Rates are per 100,000 population (1992-1996) for each specified group. 1,000 FIGURE 9-B Average Annual Age-Specific Incidence Rates by Sex and Race 800 Rate per 100,000 600 400 200 0 Under 5 5-9 10-14 20-24 30-34 40-44 50-54 60-64 70-74 80-84 15-19 25-29 35-39 45-49 55-59 65-69 75-79 Age Group 85+ Pennsylvania Department of Health - Pennsylvania Cancer Incidence and Mortality 1992-1996 - Page 86

Cancer of the Trachea, Bronchus, Lung, Pleura: INCIDENCE TABLE 9-C Total Number of Cancer Cases by Age, Sex and Race Age Group All Cases* All Races* White Black All Races* White Black Total 47,740 29,271 26,339 2,694 18,469 16,573 1,782 Under 5 2 0 0 0 2 0 2 5-9 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 10-14 3 0 0 0 3 3 0 15-19 5 3 3 0 2 1 1 20-24 15 9 9 0 6 4 2 25-29 25 16 13 3 9 8 1 30-34 99 54 37 16 45 41 4 35-39 272 147 110 30 125 106 17 40-44 680 358 278 72 322 268 50 45-49 1,385 814 674 134 571 482 86 50-54 2,418 1,435 1,241 179 983 824 152 55-59 3,885 2,439 2,096 320 1,446 1,236 197 60-64 6,186 3,939 3,483 415 2,247 1,961 274 65-69 9,290 5,878 5,306 529 3,412 3,090 299 70-74 9,740 6,075 5,542 481 3,665 3,331 315 75-79 7,570 4,563 4,232 309 3,007 2,778 210 80-84 4,195 2,455 2,294 147 1,740 1,621 113 85+ 1,969 1,085 1,020 59 884 819 59 * Includes any unknowns. FIGURE 9-C Stage of Disease at Diagnosis, Percent by Sex and Race Pennsylvania Residents, 1996 60 54.6 In Situ 45.3 49.3 42.4 Local Regional Distant 40 Percent 25.5 29.0 29.3 28.5 29.1 26.7 20 21.4 18.2 0 0.2 0.6 Number and Percent of Cases Microscopically Confirmed: 9,158-91.4% Pennsylvania Department of Health - Pennsylvania Cancer Incidence and Mortality 1992-1996 - Page 87

Cancer of the Trachea, Bronchus, Lung, Pleura: MORTALITY TABLE 9-D Number of Deaths, Age-Adjusted Death Rates and Range for 95% Confidence Intervals by Sex, Race and Year, Pennsylvania Residents, 1987-1996 All Deaths* All Races* White Black All Races* White Black Year No. Rate CI+/- No. Rate CI+/- No. Rate CI+/- No. Rate CI+/- No. Rate CI+/- No. Rate CI+/- No. Rate CI+/- 1996 8,114 47.4 1.0 4,977 69.3 1.9 4,468 66.5 1.9 490 110.4 9.8 3,137 31.6 1.1 2,831 30.6 1.1 296 44.5 5.1 1995 8,117 47.6 1.0 4,941 69.3 1.9 4,452 66.8 2.0 478 108.3 9.7 3,176 31.9 1.1 2,839 30.5 1.1 317 47.5 5.2 1994 8,030 47.8 1.0 4,864 69.0 1.9 4,373 66.4 2.0 476 109.1 9.8 3,166 32.6 1.1 2,850 31.5 1.2 308 46.9 5.2 1993 8,015 48.2 1.1 4,957 71.2 2.0 4,462 68.7 2.0 482 110.7 9.9 3,058 31.7 1.1 2,705 30.1 1.1 346 52.7 5.6 1992 8,074 49.1 1.1 5,017 72.6 2.0 4,521 70.0 2.0 479 110.3 9.9 3,057 32.2 1.1 2,752 31.0 1.2 293 46.0 5.3 1991 7,890 48.5 1.1 5,060 74.2 2.0 4,558 71.7 2.1 490 111.7 9.9 2,830 30.3 1.1 2,543 29.2 1.1 280 44.1 5.2 1990 7,774 48.6 1.1 4,969 73.7 2.0 4,453 70.9 2.1 509 119.2 10.4 2,805 30.7 1.1 2,536 29.8 1.2 259 41.9 5.1 1989 7,531 48.8 1.1 4,931 76.1 2.1 4,388 72.5 2.1 514 122.0 10.5 2,600 29.1 1.1 2,348 28.3 1.1 244 39.6 5.0 1988 7,384 48.3 1.1 4,952 76.7 2.1 4,425 73.4 2.2 519 123.8 10.7 2,432 27.7 1.1 2,215 27.2 1.1 214 34.9 4.7 1987 7,489 49.0 1.1 5,054 78.4 2.2 4,506 74.8 2.2 541 129.4 10.9 2,435 27.9 1.1 2,173 26.7 1.1 258 43.2 5.3 * Includes any unknowns. NOTES: Age-adjusted rates are per 100,000 and are computed by the direct method using the 1970 U.S. standard million population. Rates based on less than 20 events are considered statistically unreliable. The value of CI+/- added to and subtracted from the age-adjusted rate = 95% confidence interval. The value of CI+/- was calculated using a formula for estimating the standard error or SE (see Technical Notes). FIGURE 9-D Age-Adjusted Death Rates by Sex and Race Pennsylvania Residents, 1987-1996 140 120 100 Rate per 100,000 80 60 40 20 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 Year Pennsylvania Department of Health - Pennsylvania Cancer Incidence and Mortality 1992-1996 - Page 88

Cancer of the Trachea, Bronchus, Lung, Pleura: MORTALITY TABLE 9-E Number of Deaths and Average Annual Age-Specific Death Rates by Sex and Race All Deaths* All Races* White Black All Races* White Black Age Group No. Rate No. Rate No. Rate No. Rate No. Rate No. Rate No. Rate Total* 40,350 67.0 24,756 85.6 22,276 86.4 2,405 88.8 15,594 49.9 13,977 50.3 1,560 51.1 Under 5 0-0 - 0-0 - 0-0 - 0-5-9 0-0 - 0-0 - 0-0 - 0-10-14 2 0.1 1 0.1 1 0.1 0-1 0.1 1 0.1 0-15-19 1 0.0 1 0.0 1 0.1 0-0 - 0-0 - 20-24 6 0.1 3 0.1 2 0.1 1 0.4 3 0.1 2 0.1 1 0.4 25-29 10 0.2 5 0.2 4 0.2 0-5 0.2 5 0.3 0-30-34 47 1.0 22 1.0 18 0.9 4 1.8 25 1.1 22 1.1 3 1.2 35-39 181 3.9 97 4.2 70 3.4 26 12.7 84 3.5 72 3.4 11 4.7 40-44 416 9.4 239 11.0 191 9.7 47 26.5 177 7.9 134 6.7 41 19.6 45-49 958 25.1 575 30.9 473 27.9 99 70.3 383 19.5 325 18.5 58 33.3 50-54 1,737 54.7 1,059 69.2 909 65.0 146 130.9 678 41.2 562 38.0 113 78.1 55-59 2,914 104.0 1,885 142.0 1,587 130.5 284 297.9 1,029 69.8 867 65.1 157 122.5 60-64 4,679 170.3 3,069 242.0 2,697 230.2 365 424.9 1,610 108.8 1,397 103.7 208 172.6 65-69 7,315 263.6 4,658 379.5 4,166 364.6 478 606.3 2,657 171.7 2,378 166.3 267 241.8 70-74 8,090 326.9 5,021 483.8 4,592 472.1 418 679.4 3,069 213.5 2,758 205.9 297 321.0 75-79 6,954 357.9 4,175 554.6 3,888 549.3 279 657.1 2,779 233.5 2,572 230.7 201 279.4 80-84 4,426 348.4 2,564 577.6 2,383 570.5 174 710.4 1,862 225.3 1,738 224.2 119 244.2 85+ 2,611 250.1 1,381 465.0 1,294 463.4 83 511.7 1,230 164.7 1,142 162.6 84 198.0 * Includes any unknowns. NOTE: Rates are per 100,000 population (1992-1996) for each specified group. FIGURE 9-E Average Annual Age-Specific Death Rates by Sex and Race 800 600 Rate per 100,000 400 200 0 Under 5 5-9 10-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 Age Group 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 70-74 75-79 80-84 85+ Pennsylvania Department of Health - Pennsylvania Cancer Incidence and Mortality 1992-1996 - Page 89

Cancer of the Trachea, Bronchus, Lung, Pleura: INCIDENCE TABLE 9-F Number of Cases, Average Annual Age-Adjusted Incidence Rates and Range for 95% Confidence Intervals by County and Sex, Total Total County Cases No. Rate CI+/- No. Rate CI+/- County Cases No. Rate CI+/- No. Rate CI+/- All Counties 47,740 29,271 84.0 1.0 18,469 40.0 0.6 Adams 257 161 71.0 11.0 96 34.5 6.9 Juniata 71 54 88.0 23.5 17 19.9 9.5 Allegheny 6,531 3,722 89.4 2.9 2,809 48.6 1.8 Lackawanna 945 596 84.7 6.8 349 35.6 3.7 Armstrong 347 227 95.2 12.4 120 37.6 6.7 Lancaster 1,220 743 64.0 4.6 477 32.4 2.9 Beaver 874 574 93.0 7.6 300 36.8 4.2 Lawrence 373 268 82.9 9.9 105 22.4 4.3 Bedford 147 104 65.1 12.5 43 21.8 6.5 Lebanon 410 274 78.1 9.2 136 28.9 4.9 Berks 1,267 801 77.3 5.4 466 35.1 3.2 Lehigh 956 596 67.4 5.4 360 30.9 3.2 Blair 555 388 98.0 9.8 167 29.7 4.5 Luzerne 1,411 889 81.0 5.3 522 34.3 2.9 Bradford 221 153 85.3 13.5 68 30.9 7.3 Lycoming 457 290 84.5 9.7 167 36.8 5.6 Bucks 1,872 1,154 82.6 4.8 718 40.9 3.0 McKean 185 115 78.8 14.4 70 38.0 8.9 Butler 579 366 84.6 8.7 213 37.2 5.0 Mercer 470 306 76.6 8.6 164 33.6 5.1 Cambria 682 435 80.2 7.5 247 32.9 4.1 Mifflin 164 104 73.4 14.1 60 30.3 7.7 Cameron 33 23 119.6 48.9 10 35.3 21.9 Monroe 431 260 88.0 10.7 171 49.0 7.3 Carbon 244 151 78.2 12.5 93 36.2 7.4 Montgomery 2,586 1,496 72.3 3.7 1,090 40.2 2.4 Centre 309 189 74.0 10.6 120 36.1 6.5 Montour 59 44 88.3 26.1 15 20.8 10.5 Chester 1,159 707 72.2 5.3 452 37.3 3.4 Northampton 945 605 83.1 6.6 340 35.8 3.8 Clarion 108 81 68.8 15.0 27 18.4 6.9 Northumberland 373 247 77.2 9.6 126 28.3 4.9 Clearfield 318 211 85.6 11.6 107 34.5 6.5 Perry 134 93 89.0 18.1 41 32.4 9.9 Clinton 164 105 90.9 17.4 59 41.5 10.6 Philadelphia 7,602 4,373 114.7 3.4 3,229 58.3 2.0 Columbia 218 145 78.0 12.7 73 30.9 7.1 Pike 80 48 42.9 12.1 32 28.0 9.7 Crawford 289 182 69.7 10.1 107 33.8 6.4 Potter 43 26 50.5 19.4 17 26.1 12.4 Cumberland 631 385 69.3 6.9 246 32.8 4.1 Schuylkill 654 428 82.5 7.8 226 33.8 4.4 Dauphin 918 552 83.5 7.0 366 41.2 4.2 Snyder 91 65 64.0 15.6 26 21.6 8.3 Delaware 2,304 1,356 86.0 4.6 948 45.4 2.9 Somerset 236 165 64.5 9.8 71 23.0 5.4 Elk 155 83 71.8 15.4 72 52.5 12.1 Sullivan 34 19 83.8 37.7 15 59.9 30.3 Erie 981 633 84.3 6.6 348 35.9 3.8 Susquehanna 111 81 65.1 14.2 30 20.9 7.5 Fayette 676 455 98.2 9.0 221 35.0 4.6 Tioga 143 85 66.5 14.1 58 36.7 9.4 Forest 25 12 55.6 31.5 13 66.1 35.9 Union 107 73 75.0 17.2 34 27.0 9.1 Franklin 360 236 64.4 8.2 124 27.8 4.9 Venango 241 161 91.0 14.1 80 34.9 7.6 Fulton 42 26 61.0 23.4 16 34.2 16.8 Warren 161 111 78.6 14.6 50 28.0 7.8 Greene 116 78 66.4 14.7 38 25.6 8.1 Washington 972 631 92.9 7.2 341 38.1 4.0 Huntingdon 164 122 99.3 17.6 42 27.4 8.3 Wayne 217 119 83.6 15.0 98 59.3 11.7 Indiana 282 185 72.6 10.5 97 31.3 6.2 Westmoreland 1,653 1,022 81.0 5.0 631 37.8 2.9 Jefferson 177 106 69.9 13.3 71 37.6 8.7 Wyoming 96 61 79.8 20.0 35 39.3 13.0 York 1,104 715 74.5 5.5 389 32.5 3.2 NOTES: Age-adjusted rates are per 100,000 and are computed by the direct method using the 1970 U.S. standard million population. Rates based on less than 20 events are considered statistically unreliable. The value of CI+/- added to and subtracted from the age-adjusted rate = 95% confidence interval. The value of CI+/- was calculated using a formula for estimating the standard error or SE (see Technical Notes). Pennsylvania Department of Health - Pennsylvania Cancer Incidence and Mortality 1992-1996 - Page 90

Cancer of the Trachea, Bronchus, Lung, Pleura: MORTALITY TABLE 9-G Number of Deaths, Average Annual Age-Adjusted Death Rates and Range for 95% Confidence Intervals By County and Sex, Total Total County Deaths No. Rate CI+/- No. Rate CI+/- County Deaths No. Rate CI+/- No. Rate CI+/- All Counties 40,350 24,756 70.3 0.9 15,594 32.0 0.5 Adams 219 144 63.3 10.3 75 25.9 5.9 Juniata 61 42 68.0 20.6 19 20.9 9.4 Allegheny 5,535 3,241 77.0 2.7 2,294 37.7 1.5 Lackawanna 758 465 64.9 5.9 293 27.9 3.2 Armstrong 281 180 74.5 10.9 101 29.7 5.8 Lancaster 1,084 688 58.1 4.3 396 25.2 2.5 Beaver 696 454 72.4 6.7 242 28.1 3.5 Lawrence 342 233 70.4 9.0 109 23.2 4.4 Bedford 113 79 49.3 10.9 34 16.5 5.5 Lebanon 338 234 65.9 8.4 104 19.8 3.8 Berks 1,069 679 64.8 4.9 390 27.6 2.7 Lehigh 891 556 62.1 5.2 335 27.1 2.9 Blair 454 307 76.2 8.5 147 24.7 4.0 Luzerne 1,162 744 67.1 4.8 418 26.6 2.6 Bradford 167 108 59.2 11.2 59 24.5 6.3 Lycoming 374 241 69.0 8.7 133 28.0 4.8 Bucks 1,528 918 66.3 4.3 610 33.1 2.6 McKean 171 105 70.3 13.4 66 33.8 8.2 Butler 468 295 67.4 7.7 173 29.8 4.4 Mercer 369 234 58.2 7.5 135 26.2 4.4 Cambria 592 408 72.9 7.1 184 23.7 3.4 Mifflin 146 87 59.7 12.5 59 29.5 7.5 Cameron 23 18 90.3 41.7 5 13.7 12.0 Monroe 349 220 73.5 9.7 129 36.0 6.2 Carbon 200 116 57.8 10.5 84 29.7 6.4 Montgomery 2,062 1,159 55.7 3.2 903 31.1 2.0 Centre 226 139 54.1 9.0 87 25.8 5.4 Montour 46 37 72.9 23.5 9 11.0 7.2 Chester 1,022 612 62.8 5.0 410 32.9 3.2 Northampton 793 517 69.4 6.0 276 27.8 3.3 Clarion 98 71 61.0 14.2 27 19.2 7.2 Northumberland 346 232 71.2 9.2 114 24.3 4.5 Clearfield 257 182 73.3 10.6 75 22.3 5.0 Perry 130 92 87.8 17.9 38 29.5 9.4 Clinton 130 86 73.0 15.4 44 29.6 8.7 Philadelphia 6,405 3,682 95.6 3.1 2,723 46.5 1.7 Columbia 179 121 64.5 11.5 58 23.1 5.9 Pike 79 46 40.5 11.7 33 27.2 9.3 Crawford 245 157 59.7 9.3 88 26.0 5.4 Potter 48 26 47.9 18.4 22 29.7 12.4 Cumberland 583 363 64.4 6.6 220 27.8 3.7 Schuylkill 585 388 73.5 7.3 197 26.1 3.6 Dauphin 761 469 71.2 6.4 292 31.0 3.6 Snyder 77 57 55.9 14.5 20 16.1 7.1 Delaware 2,024 1,172 73.8 4.2 852 38.8 2.6 Somerset 201 137 51.9 8.7 64 19.0 4.7 Elk 130 66 57.8 13.9 64 44.9 11.0 Sullivan 32 17 59.8 28.4 15 53.2 26.9 Erie 837 529 69.8 5.9 308 30.3 3.4 Susquehanna 112 82 65.1 14.1 30 19.1 6.8 Fayette 577 371 77.9 7.9 206 30.4 4.2 Tioga 129 73 56.7 13.0 56 35.1 9.2 Forest 18 9 47.0 30.7 9 42.3 27.6 Union 74 51 51.5 14.1 23 17.4 7.1 Franklin 331 213 57.7 7.7 118 24.2 4.4 Venango 195 131 72.7 12.4 64 26.0 6.4 Fulton 45 30 71.3 25.5 15 30.6 15.5 Warren 141 94 65.7 13.3 47 24.9 7.1 Greene 140 97 79.5 15.8 43 29.2 8.7 Washington 777 500 72.6 6.4 277 28.9 3.4 Huntingdon 121 88 70.6 14.8 33 19.3 6.6 Wayne 151 78 54.5 12.1 73 40.1 9.2 Indiana 246 165 64.1 9.8 81 25.1 5.5 Westmoreland 1,417 865 68.1 4.5 552 31.9 2.7 Jefferson 140 81 55.7 12.1 59 27.9 7.1 Wyoming 66 35 45.8 15.2 31 33.2 11.7 York 984 640 66.3 5.1 344 27.5 2.9 NOTES: Age-adjusted rates are per 100,000 and are computed by the direct method using the 1970 U.S. standard million population. Rates based on less than 20 events are considered statistically unreliable. The value of CI+/- added to and subtracted from the age-adjusted rate = 95% confidence interval. The value of CI+/- was calculated using a formula for estimating the standard error or SE (see Technical Notes). Pennsylvania Department of Health - Pennsylvania Cancer Incidence and Mortality 1992-1996 - Page 91