Chapter 11: The Age of Reformation Section 2: Martin Luther and the German Reformation to 1525 By Dallin F. Hardy
Martin Luther 1517 Protested Sale of Indulgences Son of Miner
Lightning Storm 1505 Help! Saint Anna, I will become a monk! Martin Luther
Luther s Monastic Life Ordained to the priesthood Taught theology
Pilgrimage to Rome 1510
Justification By Faith Alone
Personal War With Salvation Luther sought to become perfect Deep spiritual despair
"If anyone could have gained heaven as a monk, then I would indeed have been among them. Martin Luther
"I lost touch with Christ the Savior and Comforter, and made of him the jailor and hangman of my poor soul. Martin Luther
Pilate's Staircase The just shall live by faith
Justification by Faith Alone Sola fide Developed by Luther Salvation is gained by Believing and trusting in Jesus Christ
Medieval Church Salvation Joint venture
Faith and Works Luther taught Works Not necessary for salvation Expected of all Christians
The believer who is bound to Christ by faith already possesses God s perfect righteousness. It is this knowledge of faith that sets souls free to serve their neighbors selflessly. Martin Luther
Attacks on Indulgences
Indulgence Definition Remission of the temporal penalty imposed on penitents by priests as a work of satisfaction for their confessed mortal sins.
Treasury of Merit Pope Clement VI
Indulgence Preachers Sold indulgences
Pope Leo X 1517 Jubilee Indulgence To build St. Peter s Basilica
John Tetzel Indulgence Preacher Salesman
When a coin in the coffer rings, a soul to heaven springs. John Tetzel
Don t you hear the voices of your dead parents and other relatives crying out, Have mercy on us, for we suffer great punishment and pain. From this you could release us with a few alms. We have created you, fed you, cared for you, and left you our temporal goods. Why do you treat us so cruelly and leave us to suffer in the flames, when it takes only a little to save us? John Tetzel
Ninety-Five Theses October 31, 1517 By Martin Luther Started Protestant Reformation
21. Therefore those preachers of indulgences are in error, who say that by the pope's indulgences a man is freed from every penalty, and saved;
24. It must needs be, therefore, that the greater part of the people are deceived by that indiscriminate and high-sounding promise of release from penalty.
33. Men must be on their guard against those who say that the pope's pardons are that inestimable gift of God by which man is reconciled to Him;
52. The assurance of salvation by letters of pardon is vain, even though the commissary, nay, even though the pope himself, were to stake his soul upon it.
Election of Charles V
Spread of the Ninety-Five Theses Printed
Election of Charles V 1519 Holy Roman Emperor
Frederick The Wise Luther s Protector
Luther s Excommunication and the Diet of Worms
Leipzig Debate 1519 Martin Luther vs. John Eck
Address to the Christian Nobility of the German Nation Urged German princes to Force reform of the Catholic Church
Babylonian Captivity of the Church Attacked Seven sacraments Exalted Scriptural authority Secular princes
Freedom of a Christian Summarized Salvation by faith alone
Exsurge Domine 1520 Luther Condemned for heresy
Diet of Worms 1521 Martin Luther Ordered to recant
"Unless I am convinced by scripture and plain reason - I do not accept the authority of the popes and councils, for they have contradicted each other - my conscience is captive to the Word of God. I cannot and I will not recant anything for to go against conscience is neither right nor safe. God help me. Amen." Martin Luther
Edict of Worms Martin Luther Made an outlaw
Wartburg Castle
German Translation of the New Testament 1521-1522 By Martin Luther Wartburg Castle
Ein' feste Burg ist unser Gott 1529
Ein' feste Burg ist unser Gott 1529
Imperial Distractions: War with France and the Turks
Spain vs. France 1521-1559 Four major wars
Diet of Speyer 1526 German princes Territorial sovereignty in religious matters
How the Reformation Spread Spread of the Reformation 1520 s-1530 s Theologians Pamphleteers Princes/magistrates
German Protestant Rulers Politicized religious reform Elector of Saxony Prince of Hesse
Schmaldkaldic League 1530 s Alliance of Lutheran Princes Prepared for war against Emperor
The Peasant s Revolt
German Peasants Sought to use Luther s movement To address Political oppression
Karsthans Hans with a hoe
German Peasant s War 1524-1525 Peasants Revolted against their landlords
Luther s Response Condemned Peasant uprising as Unchristian
Results of the Rebellion Rebellion Crushed 70,000-100,000 killed