Katingan Peatlands Conservation and Restoration Project Rezal Kusumaatmadja Starling Resources Workshop on Developing and Monitoring REDD Projects: Lessons learned from community-based implementations Banda Aceh, 19 May 2010
Context REDD Opportunities Challenges
The Problem: Carbon Emission Peat in Indonesia Source: DNPI(2009)
The Problem: Carbon Emission from Forest Fires Indonesia s fires in 1997 were estimated to have contributed about 30 percent of all man-made carbon emissions globally more than the entire emissions from man-made sources from North America. Source: World Bank. 1999. Ensuring a Future for Indonesia s Forests (or Ensuring a Future Indonesian Forest). Paper presented to the Consultative Group on Indonesia, Paris, July 29 30. [During forest fires in 1997 in Central Kalimantan] 0.19 0.23 gigatonnes (Gt) of carbon were released to the atmosphere through peat combustion, with a further 0.05 Gt released from burning of the overlying vegetation Source: Page, S.E., Siegert, F., Rieley, J.O., Boehm, H-D.V., Jaya, A. and Limin, S.H. 2002 The amount of carbon released from peat and forest fires in in 1997 Nature, 420: 61-65. Forest Fires in Borneo in Sep-Oct 2006 by Jesse Allen, Earth Observatory/MODIS Rapid Response team
Carbon Emission from Tropical Peatlands Intact peat forest River Clay or sand Peat forest Peat Deposit Normal water level Short pole forest Peat consists of dead, partially decomposed plant remains that have accumulated on the soil surface under waterlogged condition [Peat forests provide] natural functions as reservoirs of biodiversity, carbon stores and hydrological buffers. Degraded peat forest CO2 emission Dry peat Subsidence Remaining peat forest Lowered water level Source: Wösten,Henk (2005), Strategies for implementing sustainable management of peatlands in Borneo.Drainage. Canal construction drains the peatlands and lowers the water tables within the peat dome. This leads to oxidation that results in CO2 gas emissions. Fires. Degraded and drained peatlands have high fire risk. Peatland fires result in CO2 gas emissions; fires are extremely rare in non-degraded and non-drained peatlands. Source: Hooijer, A., Silvius, M., Wösten, H. and Page, S. (2006.) PEAT-CO2, Assessment of CO2 emissions from drained peatlands in SE Asia. Delft Hydraulics report Q3943 (2006)
Context REDD Opportunities Challenges
Tropical Peatlands in Indonesia Source: Hooijer, et al (2006) Indonesia has 20+ million hectares of peatland Emissions from peatlands constitute 45% of Indonesia s emissions Peat related emissions are estimated to be 1 Giga Tons CO2e/year
Ecosystem Restoration Permit and REDD Ecosystem Restoration Permit - Law was created in 2007 and revised in 2008 - Applicable in areas designated as production forest - Permit holder can secure rights to sell carbon credits - 60 years with the possibility of 35 years extension - 1 st concession: Harapan Rainforest, a 52,000- hectare concession in lowland rainforest in Sumatera (http://www.birdlife.org/action/ ground/sumatra/ harapan_model.html) Additionality: The additional carbon storage resulting from forest management activities additional to "Business as Usual". In the case of avoided deforestation, less forest loss than expected. Permanence: Ensuring that the net stored forest carbon remains stored over time. MoF interest High Voluntary market interest High Ecosystem Restoration Permit Source: Tuttle, Andrea (2008) Climate Change and Forests: Conceptual Framework for Implementing a Carbon Registry Linked to FMU s in Indonesia
REDD Opportunity in Central Kalimantan Peatlands Source: Hooijer, et al (2006)
Katingan Peat Conservation and Restoration Project Project proponent: PT Rimba Makmur Utama Total area: 200,000+ hectares State forest designation Production forest: 87.30% Production forest that can be converted: 12.70% Concession: Ecosystem Restoration Permit Standards: Climate Community and Biodiversity Alliance (CCBA) and Voluntary Carbon Standards (VCS) Priority Hectares % Activities Priority area 1 28,588 12.58% Priority area 2 43,780 19.26% Priority area 3 154,892 68.16% Total 227,260 100.00% Fire prevention & mitigation, rewetting, rehabilitation heavily degraded areas, canal blocking, native species planting Rehabilitation of degraded areas, canal blocking, restoration and enrichment planting, protection and enforcement Natural regeneration, protection and enforcement, wildlife habitat management
Community Livelihoods 1 4 2 1. Coffee 2.Kopra 3.Rice 4. Fisheries 5. Natural rubber 6. Rattan 7. Gemor 3 5 5 6 Villages Rattan collection /week Volume/ week Perigi 4 days 500kg Galinggang 5 days 500kg Tumbang Bulan 6 days 600kg Telaga 4 days 500kg Batuah 4 days 200 kg 6 5
Biodiversity Analysis: Wildlife Habitat Katingan Peat Swamp Forest: 2.4 3.7 individuals/km 2 Morrogh-Bernard, Helen (2008). Wildlife Research Group, the Anatomy School, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. Orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus) The Clouded Leopard (Neofelis nebulosa) Katingan supports the sixth largest population of orangutans in the world (Singleton et al., 2004), Rhinoceros Hornbill (Buceros rhinoceros)
Threats: Forest Conversion, Mining, Illegal Logging Existing threats Illegal logging Canals Land clearing for agriculture Mining
Threat: Forest Conversion
Threats: Mining
Threats: Illegal Logging
Business as Usual Scenario
REDD Activities Components REDD+ strategy and planning Protection and enforcement Forest conservation and carbon stock measurement and monitoring Methodologies Stakeholder mapping Free, prior and informed consent (FPIC) Policy analysis Community organizing and participatory planning and mapping Geographic information system Management plan development Participatory monitoring and evaluation Zonation and boundaries demarcation Threat analysis Community organizing and participatory planning and mapping Geographic information system Forest ranger training Forest fire prevention and mitigation training Participatory monitoring and enforcement with communities Remote sensing (e.g., stallite image, radar, aerial photography, etc.) GIS Identification of high value conservation areas Establishment of permanent sample plots across the project area Independent verification Participatory ecological assessment Biomass carbon stock measurement Biodiversity survey and threat analysis Hydrological modeling
REDD Activities (continued) Components Information, education and communication Community engagement and livelihoods Marketing Project operational and financial management Methodologies Target audience analysis based on stakeholder mapping Print and broadcast media Media monitoring and content analysis Microfinance facility design Microenterprise development and capacity building Business planning Socio-economic impact monitoring and evaluation Branding development Direct marketing Brokerage Annual work planning and budgeting Human resource development program Integrated financial system development 101 EAST February 18-25, 2010 Cash for Carbon
Context REDD Opportunities Challenges
Challenges Forest Governance Lack of understanding of REDD and carbon trade resulting in unrealistic expectations Lack of clarity in division of roles and responsibilities between central and local governments and among sectors The need for transparent and accountable benefit distribution schemes Carbon Accounting Balancing national and sub-national approach Expensive and lengthy process in developing methodologies Market Uncertainties Limited REDD transaction in the voluntary market Uncertainty of the future of REDD in compliance market
Recommendations Develop Proof of Concept Encourage more REDD projects Focus on forest governance, community benefits, carbon accounting and monitoring methodologies Communicate lessons learned to wider stakeholders Prime the Pump Create a fund to purchase credits in voluntary market based on agreed upon emission reduction targets Create opportunities for public private partnerships
Thank you PT Rimba Makmur Utama Suite 5002, 50 th Floor Jl. MH Thamrin no. 1 Jakarta 10310, Indonesia T. +62 21 2358 4777 F. +62 21 2358 4778 E. dharsono@ptrmu.com PT Starling Resources Jalan Bypass Ngurah Rai 121x Sanur Bali10310, Indonesia T. +62 361 285 298 F. +62 361 284 178 E. rezal@starlingresources.com