Study of Wireless Sensor Networks and their application for Personal Health Monitoring. Author 1 Mr. Parag Jawarkar, Author 2 Mrs. Shweta Lambat Abstract Our paper studied Wireless Sensor Network Application in Health care Monitoring and how it make easy to monitor all part of the body. This is the new advance technology to monitor the healthcare the by using the wireless Network Sensor. This paper analysis the monitoring the health care by using the Wireless Sensor Network which monitoring the patient body by using the body area network. Provide various applications in medical monitoring systems to measure specified physiological data and also provide location-based information, wireless sensors have been studied in terms of hardware and software structural requirements for a low-cost, low-power, non-invasive and unobtrusive system.wireless sensor network is a platform for monitoring and recording condition of different field environment. With the wireless sensor network you can easily monitor your environment with reliable way. Keywords: Wireless Sensor Network, Wearable Wireless Sensor Network, Implantable Wireless Sensor Network, Body Area Network. INTRODUCTION At Health Monitoring Systems (HMS), our goal is to provide Public Health officials with the tools that enhance their ability to safeguard the health of the communities they serve.we are developing such type of network architecture that is used for monitoring or creating better health care system. Patients, clinicians and managers all want to be reassured that their healthcare organisation is safe. The organisation in question might be a general practice, a ward or department, or an entire hospital or healthcare system. Wireless Sensor Network Play the vital role for maintaining the Health care system in medical application. Wireless Sensor Network Architecture: The spatially distributed measurement nodes interface with sensors to monitor assets or their environment. The acquired data wirelessly transmits to the gateway, which can operate independently or connect to a host system where you can collect, process, analyze, and present your measurement data using software. Routers are a special type of measurement node that you can use to extend WSN distance and reliability. Wireless Sensor Networks are an emerging technology with a wide range of potential Page 63
applications. A large number of nodes, with sensing and wireless communications capabilities, deployed in an area of interest, build a WSN. Location Finding System Sensor POWER UNIT Unit Processing Unit Transrecever Power Generator Fig: Wireless sensor Network System The Wireless Sensor Network is having different application in different field such as 1. Area Monitoring 2. Environmental Sensing 3. Air Pollution Monitoring 4. Forest Fire Detection 5. Water quality Monitoring Page 64
The Wireless Sensor Network also having application as- 1. Machine health monitoring 2. Data Logging. Wireless Sensor Network for Health monitoring Wireless Body Area Sensor Network sensor nodes attached to the patient s body sense, process and communicate vital signs to a base station. These sensors consist of an ECG sensor, activity sensors (accelerometers), a pulse oximeter, a blood pressure and a breathing rate sensor. The individual vital signs can be collected for a long period. Through the internet, a physician from his office can review the collected data and check the adherence of the patient to the program and his physiological response. He can also provide a feedback indicating whether actual physical strain is too low, right or overextending and suggest new prescribed physical exercises. Applying a higher level multi-sensor data fusion provides a means to the physician to analyze the collected data. Health monitoring is performed on a periodic check basis, where the patient must remember its symptoms; the doctor performs some check and formulates a diagnostic,then monitors patient progress along the treatment, if possible. Healthcare Applications 1. Telemonitoring of Human Physiological Data: The physiological data collected by sensor networks may be stored for a long period of time, and can be used for medical investigations when needed. In addition, the installed sensors can also monitor and detect the behavior of elderly people. 2. Tracking and Monitoring Doctors and Patients inside a Hospital: Each patient has a small sensor node attached to them.. For example, one sensor node may be detecting the heart rate while another is detecting the blood pressure. Doctors can also carry a sensor node, which allows other doctors to locate them within the hospital. 3. Drug Administration in Hospitals: If sensor nodes can be attached to medication, the chance of getting and prescribing the wrong medication to patients can be minimized. Thus, patients will have sensor nodes that identify their allergies and required medication. Wireless Sensor Network consist two type of wireless sensor network for health care monitoring. 1. Wearable Wireless Sensor Network 2. Implantable Wireless Sensor Network Wearable Wireless Sensor Network: This class of wearable technology has been developed for general or special purpose information technologies and media development. Wearable computers are especially useful for applications that require more complex computational support than just hardware coded logics. This having the main Page 65
application in the field of Medical Environment for monitoring the health care system. We can expect that further development of technology and advances in miniaturization of integrated circuits and batteries will help developers to improve medical sensor wearability and the user s level of comfort. The use of wearable sensors for monitoring various health-related biometric parameters in everyday activities is attracting more interest recently. Many people are familiar with the use of devices such as wearable heart rate monitors and pedometers for medical reasons or as part of a fitness regime. t is believed that this could help in reducing the strain put on healthcare systems of aging populations, rising costs and increasing incidence of chronic diseases requiring long term care. Fig: Wearable Wireless Sensor Network: Implantable Wireless Sensor Network Implantable medical devices (IMDs), including pacemakers, cardiac defibrillators, insulin pumps, and neurostimulators all feature wireless communication Adding wireless connectivity to IMDs has enabled remote monitoring of patients vital signs and improved care providers ability to deliver timely treatment, leading to a better health care system. Page 66
Fig: Implantable Medical Devices Body area network: A body area network (BAN),is a wireless body area network (WBAN) or a body sensor network (BSN), is a wireless network of wearable computing devices. BANs are highly localized wireless networks that can potentially support a variety of medical applications, from tracking vital signs to monitoring the functioning of implants and performing state-of-the-art endoscopic exams. A BAN network in place on a patient can alert the hospital, even before they have a heart attack, through measuring changes in their vital signs. A BAN network on a diabetic patient could auto inject insulin through a pump, as soon as their insulin level declines. Page 67
Fig:Body Area Network Bed sensor: Provides an early warning by alerting that the user has left their bed and not returned within a pre set time period, indicating a possible fall. The sensor can also be programmed to switch on lights, helping people find their way to and from bed easily. Conclusion Wireless BSN technology is emerging as a significant element of next generation healthcare services. In this paper we proposed a mobile physiological monitoring system, which is able to continuously monitor the patient s heart beat, blood pressure and other critical parameters in the hospital. Wireless Body Area Sensor Network sensor nodes attached to the patient s body sense, process and communicate vital signs to a base station. Reference 1. National Coalition on Health Care. in http://www.nchc.org/facts/cost.shtml, accessed in June 2005. 2. P. Binkley, Predicting the Potential of Wearable Technology, IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Magazine, Vol. 22, No.3, May/June 2003, pp. 23-24. 3. J. Welch, F. Guilak, S.D. Baker, A Wireless ECG Smart Sensor for Broad Application in Life Threatening Event Detection, in Proceedings of the 26th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, (San Francisco, CA, September 2004), pp. 3447-3449. 4. House_n: the Home of the Future MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology). Available:http://architecture.mit.edu/house_n/ 5. Center for Future Health Smart Medical Home - University of Rochester, New York. Available: http://www.futurehealth.rochester.edu/smart%5fhome/ 6. The assistive cognition project University of Washington. Available:http://www.cs.washington.edu/assistcog 7.Harvard University. CodeBlue project: Wireless Sensor Networks for Medical Care. Available Page 68